WO2014063611A1 - 多维交通路网 - Google Patents
多维交通路网 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014063611A1 WO2014063611A1 PCT/CN2013/085674 CN2013085674W WO2014063611A1 WO 2014063611 A1 WO2014063611 A1 WO 2014063611A1 CN 2013085674 W CN2013085674 W CN 2013085674W WO 2014063611 A1 WO2014063611 A1 WO 2014063611A1
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- interchange
- slope
- commutation
- reversing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
- E01C1/04—Road crossings on different levels; Interconnections between roads on different levels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the technical field of urban road traffic, in particular to a multi-dimensional traffic road network. Background technique
- the undergroundization of automobiles is in line with the needs of human development. It has many advantages and can benefit from many fields and is highly concerned by governments and human society around the world. Under the existing urban interchange conditions, the undergroundization of automobiles cannot be realized, and the existing urban interchanges must be replaced. Otherwise, the undergroundization of automobiles can only be car tunneling.
- the undergroundization of automobiles has been talked about by the international academic community for decades, and it has ended. The undergroundization of automobiles has become a "new vocabulary" for the international academic community to "fudge" the governments and human society in the world.
- the object of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art and provide a multi-dimensional traffic road network that effectively solves the "congestion" of traffic, which is compatible with the characteristics of rapid, punctuality, large capacity and good public transport accessibility of the subway, and makes up for and improves the city.
- the traffic function is chaotic, the machine is not clear, and the road network density is low.
- a multi-dimensional traffic road network which includes a basic road network and a combined road network, wherein the basic road network has a signal slow speed network, a ground quasi-high speed mutual access network, and a ground high speed intercommunication
- the road network consists of three types.
- the combined road network has a signal single-layer high-speed high-speed inter-directional network, a signal double-layer high-speed inter-directional network, an inter-connected single-layer high-speed inter-directional network, and an inter-layer high-speed high-speed network.
- the ground quasi-high speed inter-directional network consists of a ground fast inter-path network and an elevated high-speed inter-path network.
- the ground high-speed inter-path network consists of a single-layer high-speed inter-directional network and a two-layer high-speed inter-directional network. composition.
- the ground quasi-high-speed inter-aisking network and the high-altitude high-speed inter-aising network are realized through reversing interchanges. There are three types of reversing interchanges: "cross" reversing interchange, "Ding" reversing interchange and signal high-circle interchange.
- the multi-dimensional traffic road network is divided into two categories: commutating interchange, multi-dimensional road network, high-speed seamless, auxiliary setting, and urban transportation mode.
- the upper cross-overpass and the lower-through interchange set the left-handed reversal to realize the vertical interaction, and the interchange is called the reciprocal interchange (referred to as the interchange interchange).
- the upper span of the commutating interchange, the lower threading, the left turn reversing, the in and out of the raft, etc. are all realized by the ramp.
- Left-hand reversal There are two types of reversal and single-layer reversal.
- the multi-dimensional traffic road network adopts a single-layer left-handed commutating interchange, which has two characteristics: First, the traffic mode is replaced. Replace the existing two-way traffic mode between the subway and the car with the one-way traffic mode of the car; the second is to develop a multi-dimensional space.
- the "cross" reversing interchange is a single-layer reversal, which is described in terms of interchange, commutation level, road type, line, and commutation (left-hand reversal).
- interchange there are two kinds of upper and lower interchanges; according to the commutation level, there are two types of upper and lower commutation; according to the type of road, there are two types: single type and double type; There are three types of reversal of the left side of the ramp, and no change of the left side of the road.
- Single-slope commutation is made up of horizontal roads, single ramps, and commutating structures. Cheng, its commutation is called single-slope commutation.
- the single-slope commutation is carried out on the main line, and the commutation is called the main line single-slope commutation.
- the single-slope reversing on the main line and the single-slope reversing on the main line are two-way, and the single-slope type is reversing to the non-main line. , no way), its commutation is called non-main line single-slope commutation, there are two types of single-slope reversal on non-main line and single-slope reversal on non-main line.
- the single-slope commutation has a single-slope reversing and a single-slope reversing. Commutation is the key to reciprocal interchanges, with commutation as the classification criteria for interchanges.
- the interchange classification has the single-slope reversing, the single-slope reversing, and the double-slope reversing.
- the upper single-slope reversing (upper single-slope type) consists of single-slope reversal on the main line and single-slope reversal on the non-main line; the single-slope reversing (single-slope type) is changed from the main line to the single-slope type Single-slope reversing on the non-main line; double-slope reversing (double-slope) consisting of double-slope and reversing; composite reversing consists of single-slope reversing and double-slope reversing . According to the interchange and reversal levels, the reversing interchanges are divided into four categories, totaling thirteen.
- the upper single-slope reversing interchange is a two-way type, and its interchange form has four.
- the upper straddling upper stratum adopts the single-slope reversing on the main line and the single-slope reversal under the non-main line.
- the interchange is called the upper single-slope upper-level upper-span cross-over interchange, and the interchange is from the straight line, the upper line, and the right. ⁇ , single-slope reversing on the main line and single-slope reversing under the non-main line;
- the interchange is called the upper single-slope type and the upper cross-over interchange, and the interchange is made by the straight line, the upper line, and the right.
- the interchange is made by the straight line, the upper line, and the right.
- the single-slope reversing on the main line and the single-slope reversal under the non-main line are used.
- the interchange is called the upper single-slope upper layer and the lower-through interchange, and the intersection is made by the straight line, the lower thread, and the right. ⁇ , single-slope reversing on the main line and single-slope reversing under the non-main line;
- the single-slope reversing on the main line and the single-slope reversal under the non-main line are used.
- the interchange is called the upper single-slope lower layer and the lower-through interchange, and the intersection is made by the straight line, the lower thread, and the right. ⁇ , single-slope reversing on the main line and single-slope reversing under the non-main line.
- the single-slope reversing interchange is a two-way type with four cubic forms.
- the upper straddling upper stratum adopts the single-slope reversing of the main line and the single-slope reversal of the non-main line.
- the interchange is called the lower single-slope upper-level exchange-upward cross-over interchange, and the interchange is made by the straight line, the upper line, and the right. ⁇ , single-slope reversing under the main line and single-slope reversing on the non-main line;
- the interchange is called the lower single-slope type and the upper-span interchange, and the interchange is made by the straight line, the upper line, and the right.
- the single-slope reversing of the main line and the single-slope reversal of the non-main line are adopted.
- the interchange is called the lower single-slope type and the lower-level cross-over interchange, and the intersection is made by the straight line, the lower thread, and the right. ⁇ , single-slope reversing under the main line and single-slope reversing on the non-main line.
- the double-slope commutating interchange is a single-channel type, and its interchange form has four.
- the upper straddling upper stratum adopts the double-slope left-hand reversing, and the interchange is called the double-slope upper-level exchange-upward cross-interchange, which consists of straight-through line, upper-line crossing, right-handed and left-handed reversing;
- the interchange is called the double-slope sub-level for the upward cross-interchange, and the interchange consists of the straight-through line, the upper-line line, the right-hand side, and the left-hand side.
- the interchange Under the upper level of the interchange, the double-slope left-handed reversal is adopted, and the interchange is called the double-slope upper layer for the downward-passing interchange, and the interchange is composed of the straight line, the lower thread, the right ⁇ , and the left ⁇ reversing;
- the interchange Under the lower layer of the interchange, the double-slope left-handed reversal is adopted, and the interchange is called the double-slope type lower layer to the lower-through interchange, and the interchange is composed of the straight line, the lower thread, the right side and the left side.
- the compound commutating interchange is a composite upper layer for the upward cross non-interlaced interchange, and the interchange adopts a double channel type.
- the interchange is based on the upper crossover interchange, adding the upper left turn reversing and the straight left turn reversing, the upper cross left turn to the upper span commutation, and the straight left turn to the straight through.
- the commutation is made up of single-slope reversing and double-slope reversing.
- Upper cross-left turn reversal From the upper span separation point to the straight-through cut-in point; straight through the left-hand reversal: from the straight-through separation point to the upper span to the point-in point.
- the composite ground high interchange has a signal single-story high-rise interchange, an upper-span inter-connected single-story high-altitude intersection, a lower-through intercommunication single-story high-rise interchange, and an elevated inter-connected single-story high-rise interchange:
- the signal is single-layered and high-crossing, which is formed by superposition of signal leveling and single-story high-altitude intersection; its interchange is three layers: ground floor and underground second floor;
- the upper cross-interchange single-story high-rise interchange from the upper-span interchange and the single-story high-rise intersection, the intersection is four-storey: elevated, ground, and underground.
- the upper cross-interchange single-story high-rise interchange is also called the high one, the second-dimensional multi-dimensional cross-interchange single-story high-rise interchange;
- Elevated inter-connected single-story high-rise interchanges which are formed by superimposed interchanges and single-story high-rise interchanges.
- Layer Elevated second floor, ground floor, underground second floor.
- Elevated intercommunication single-story high-rise interchanges are also known as high-level, two-dimensional multi-dimensional elevated inter-connected single-story high-rise interchanges.
- the high-altitude interchanges are set on the ground and underground, and their interchanges are called multi-dimensional high-rise interchanges.
- the multi-dimensional high-altitude interchange consists of signal crossover, intercommunication and high-level interchange, and there are two kinds of multi-dimensional signal interchange and multi-dimensional interchange.
- the multi-dimensional signal interchange is formed by superposition of signal intersection and ground elevation, and its interchange has three:
- the high-rise and the three-dimensional multi-dimensional signal are two-story high-altitude intersections, and the intersection level is five layers: the elevated floor, the ground floor, and the underground three floors;
- the second and second multi-dimensional signals are two-story high-rise interchanges, and the intersection level is five layers: elevated two-story, ground floor, and underground two-story;
- the intersection level is four layers: elevated floor, ground floor, underground second floor.
- the multi-dimensional interchange is a superposition of interchanges and high-level interchanges. There are four interchanges:
- the second and third floors of the second and third floors are high-rise interchanges, and the level of the interchange is six: the elevated two floors, the ground floor, and the underground three floors;
- the high-rise, the third-dimensional multi-dimensional intermixed high-rise interchange, the intersection level is five layers: elevated floor, ground floor, underground three floors;
- the intersection level is five layers: elevated two-story, ground floor, underground two-story.
- the high ground interchange uses all commutation interchanges.
- the upper span commutation interchange adopts the upper single slope type, the lower single slope type, the double slope type, and the composite upper layer for the upward crossover interchange.
- Elevated reversing interchanges adopt upper single slope type, lower single slope type, double slope type, and composite upper layer for upward crossover interchange.
- T-crossing interchange uses the double-slope left-handed reversal, and its interchange is called the double-slope "T-word” reversing interchange.
- "T-word” double-slope reversing interchange has two kinds of reversing "T-word” interchange, and the lower-level “T-word” interchange, the former The main line is set to the lower layer; the latter main line is set to the upper layer.
- the signal ground height and full circle interchange are formed by superimposing the signal level and the ground high interchange (or the ground section). Through the ground level, the signal level is used to achieve the ground height and the ground full circle. In other words, the ground height is from the other phase to the ground and the other three phases, the signal ground is high and the whole circle is interchanged.
- the interchange signal type is high and the whole circle is interchanged, and the signal is leveled and the ground is superimposed. Use signal leveling to make the two circles fully interchangeable;
- Real ground height is not controlled by signal leveling. Broadly speaking, signal leveling and ground leveling are considered as a special interchange.
- the section reversing interchange is to set up a double-slope reversing on the ground section to make the section have the function of "turning the head", and the interchange is called the section reversing interchange.
- Road commutation interchanges optimize transportation resources.
- the multi-dimensional road network has three basic road networks, a combined road network and an actual road network.
- the signal leveling road network is the existing ground level road network of the city, which is called the signal slow road network, and has the advantage of good accessibility.
- the ground quasi-high-speed inter-path network consists of a ground fast inter-path network and an elevated high-speed inter-path network.
- the ground fast inter-path network consists of signal crossover and ground interchange. There are two kinds of interchange and non-interchange interchange on the ground.
- the intersection of the ground fast road network and the elevated high-speed mutual access network node is the upper single-slope type, the lower single-slope type, the double-slope type, and the composite upper-layer reversing.
- the road section adopts signal level crossing, and its section is called signal section; the section adopts interchange, and its section is called interchange section.
- the road section uses level crossing and interchange, and its section is called a flat section.
- the road section adopts level crossing, interchange, and elevated section, and its section is called a mixed section.
- the elevated section consists of an elevated section.
- the elevated road network is placed on the ground floor.
- the elevated high-speed inter-directional network nodes are the upper-slope upper-level upper-span interchange-up cross-interchange interchange, the lower-slope upper-level upper-span exchange-upward cross-over interchange, the double-slope upper-level upper-overward cross-over interchange, and the composite upper-level exchange-upward cross-interchange interchange.
- Its road network is called an elevated high-speed mutual access network.
- the high-speed and high-speed inter-directional network has two kinds of high-speed high-speed road network and two-layer high-speed high-speed road network.
- Single-layer ground high-speed inter-channel The network and the double-layer high-speed high-speed mutual access network adopt the above-mentioned various commutating interchanges, which are selected according to the project.
- the combined road network has a signal single-layer high-speed high-speed inter-directional network, a signal double-layer high-speed inter-directional network, an inter-connected single-layer high-speed inter-directional network, an inter-connected two-layer high-speed inter-directional network, and an elevated single-layer high-speed Five kinds of road networks.
- the signal single-layer ground high-speed inter-channel network is formed by superposition of a signal slow road network and a single-layer ground high-speed inter-path network.
- the signal double-layer high-speed inter-directional network is superposed by a signal slow road network and a double-layer high-speed high-speed mutual channel network.
- the intercommunication single-layer high-speed high-speed inter-path network is formed by superimposing an inter-connected fast road network and a single-layer high-speed high-speed inter-path network.
- the inter-connected double-layer high-speed inter-directional path network is formed by superimposing an inter-connected fast road network and a two-layer high-speed high-speed inter-channel network.
- the multi-dimensional traffic road network has two types: signal slow road network and high speed mutual channel network.
- the high-speed inter-directional network is divided into two types: the ground quasi-high-speed inter-aisking network and the ground-high-speed inter-directional network.
- the ground quasi-high-speed inter-aising network consists of a ground fast inter-directional network and an elevated high-speed inter-aising network. , a two-layer high-speed high-speed mutual access network.
- High-speed seamless connection of ground road network type Due to the high speed and the speed of urban traffic, it is prone to "bottlenecks" at high speeds entering the city, causing congestion.
- High-speed seamless connection of underground road network type The high-speed direct access to the ground quasi-high-speed inter-directional network (composed of the ground fast inter-path network and the elevated high-speed inter-path network), its high-speed seamless connection is called the ground road network type high-speed seamless connection.
- High-speed through the ramps on both sides of the city road into and out of the high, its high-speed seamless connection is called the underground road network type high-speed seamless connection.
- High-speed seamless connection modes There are three high-speed seamless connection modes: 1. High-speed seamless connection of ground road network (single mode); 2. High-speed seamless connection of ground road network and high-speed seamless connection of single-story high-rise (combination mode); Road network type high-speed seamless connection and double-layer high-speed seamless connection (combination mode).
- Non-airways are sidewalks and bicycle lanes, and non-aircraft platforms are called non-machine platforms.
- Non-machine platforms include ground-based non-machine platforms and underground non-machine platforms.
- Bicycle lanes can be placed on the ground or underground, so the settings for non-machine platforms vary by project.
- the road map for urban transportation is divided into three steps: one is to exchange generations; the other is to replace the road network; the third is to replace the model.
- the exchange of exchanges is to replace the existing urban interchange with a reciprocal interchange.
- the so-called reciprocal interchange is to add a left-handed reversal on the existing cross-over and cross-cut interchanges, so that the interchange becomes an interchange.
- a non-machine platform is set up on the ground of the interchange, so that the motor vehicle and the non-motor vehicle are intercommunicated; the road network is replaced by a commutating interchange, and the ground quasi-high-speed inter-directional network is laid.
- a multi-dimensional traffic road network of the present invention includes an upper straddle and/or a lower crossing, wherein the upper straddle and/or the lower traverse are provided with a right ⁇ , and the upper straddle and/or the lower traverse
- a left turn reversal is added in the main line to form a commutating interchange, the left turn commutating is a single layer commutation, including a ramp and a commutation, one end of the ramp is connected to the main line, and the other end is Reversing connection.
- the multi-dimensional traffic road network of the present invention replaces the existing urban interchange with a reversing interchange by adding a left-hand reversal on the existing upper cross-over and under-interchange, and sets a non-machine platform on the interchange ground.
- the channel network and the elevated high-speed inter-path network constitute the ground quasi-high-speed inter-path network to control the ground road network traffic, make the signal leveling marginalization, realize the road network replacement, and then realize the urban transportation mode replacement, and replace the city with urban one-yuan (automobile) traffic.
- the commutating interchange includes a straight line, an upper span, a right turn, and a left turn, and the left turn is added to an upper or lower layer of the upper span, and the ramp is an upper slope or a single slope.
- the commutation is on the same plane as the main line.
- the commutating interchange includes a straight line, an upper span, a right turn, and a left turn, and the left turn is added to an upper or lower layer of the upper span, and the ramp is a double slope.
- the reversing interchange includes a straight line, a lower thread, a right ⁇ , and a left ⁇ reversal, wherein the left ⁇ reversal is added to an upper layer or a lower layer of the lower threading line, and the slope is an upper single slope or a lower single slope.
- the commutation is on the same plane as the main line.
- the reversing interchange includes a straight line, a lower thread, a right ⁇ , and a left ⁇ reversal, and the left ⁇ reversal is added to an upper layer or a lower layer of the lower threading line, and the slope is a double slope.
- the present invention also provides a multi-dimensional traffic road network, including a straight-through line, in which a left-handed commutation is added to an upper layer or a lower layer of the straight-through line to form a commutating interchange, and the left-handed commutation is a single-layer commutation, including a slope. And a commutation, one end of the ramp is connected to the straight line, and the other end is connected to the commutation.
- Figure 1 Upper single-slope upper-level exchange-over-interchange interchange plan: (left-hand reversal is set on the upper layer of the upper line); Figure 2.
- Upper-slope upper-level upper-span interchange-over interchange plan (left-hand reversing setting) In the lower layer of the upper span);
- Figure 3 the upper single-slope lower layer is changed to the upper cross-overpass interchange plan: (the left turn is set to the upper layer of the upper span);
- Figure 4 the upper single-slope lower layer for the upward cross-over interchange Plan view: (Left ⁇ reversing is set on the lower layer of the upper span);
- Figure 5 Upper sloping upper layer for downward crossing and interchange plan: (Left ⁇ reversing is set on the lower layer of the lower thread);
- Figure 6 order The upper type of the slope is replaced by the cross-over intersection plan: (the left turn is set to the lower layer of the lower thread);
- the upper single-slope type is replaced by the lower-through interchange plan: (the left turn is set to the lower thread.
- the upper layer Figure 8
- the upper single-slope lower layer for the downward through-crossing interchange plan (the left turn is set to the lower layer of the lower thread);
- the lower single-slope upper layer is changed to the upper-span interchange intersection plan: (the left-handed reversal is set on the upper layer of the upper span);
- Figure 10 The lower-slope upper-level upper-overcrossing interchange plan: (left-hand reversing setting) On the lower level of the upper line);
- the lower single-slope type is the upper layer, and the upper layer is dragged downwards and the other is crossed.
- the pavilion map ((Left and dragging the direction of the downward setting of the lower layer of the lower threading line ⁇ ); Figure 15, the lower slope of the lower layer for the downward crossing of the interchange plan: (left ⁇ The reversing direction is set on the lower layer of the lower threading;) Figure 16.
- the lower sloping lower layer is changed to the lower traversing intersection plan: (the left ⁇ reversing is set on the lower layer of the lower threading); Figure 17, the double-slope upper layer is changed to the upper straddle Interchange plan: (Left ⁇ reversal is set on the upper level of the upper line); Figure 18, double-slope upper layer for the upward cross-interchange plan: (left ⁇ The commutation is set in the lower layer of the upper span); Figure 19, the double-slope lower layer is changed to the upper crossover interchange plan: (the left turn is set to the upper layer of the upper span); Figure 20, the double-slope lower layer is changed to the upper cross-over Interchange plan: (left turn reversal is set on the lower layer of the upper line); Figure 21, double-slope upper layer for down-crossing interchange plan: (left turn is set to the upper layer of the lower thread); Figure 22, double slope The upper layer is changed to the lower through-crossing plan: (the left turn is set to the lower layer of the lower thread); Figure
- Double-slope upper reversal "T-word” interchange interchange plan main line layer
- Figure 31 slow speed road network, ground fast inter-path network, elevated high-speed inter-path network and high-speed seamless connection plan.
- 1 upper single-slope upper layer for upward cross-over interchange 2 upper single-slope for upper-span interchange, 3-upper single-slope upper for down-crossing interchange, 4 upper single-slope lower for downward wear Interchange, 5--single-slope upper-level exchange-upward cross-crossing interchange, 6-down single-slope-type lower-level exchange-upward cross-over interchange, 7-down single-slope upper-level change-down cross-over interchange, 8 lower single-slope type Crossing through interchanges, 9 pairs of upper slopes for upward crossover interchanges, 10-double slopes for upper crossover interchanges, 11 pairs of upper slopes for downward crossings, 12 pairs of double slopes for downwards Wear interchange, 13
- a multi-dimensional traffic road network is through the reversing interchange 19, and the mutual access network 70 is established.
- the commutating interchange 19 is based on the existing upper crossover and the lower crossing, and the left turn reversal 18 is added.
- the direction of 18 is a single-layer reversal 33, and the left-hand reversal 18 is composed of a ramp 30 and a reversing 25, so that the upper or lower crossings become interchanges, and the reversing interchanges have 19 "cross" commutation interchanges 71
- the road section reversing interchange, the "cross" reversing interchange 71 has three basic interchanges, superimposed interchanges and non-interlaced interchanges. The above-mentioned mutual access network 70 and the high-speed seamless connection.
- the inter-channel network 70 of the multi-dimensional traffic road network has two types: a ground quasi-high speed inter-directional network and a ground high-speed inter-aising network.
- the multi-dimensional traffic road network ground quasi-high speed inter-path network consists of a ground fast inter-path network 42 and an overhead high-speed inter-path network 43.
- the ground fast inter-path network 42 consists of signal level crossing 36 and ground-based interchanges. There are two types of ground interchanges: interchange and non-interchange.
- the ground fast inter-path network 42 and the elevated high-speed inter-path network 43 node interchange use the upper single-slope upper layer for the upward cross-over interchange 1, the single-slope upper layer for the upward cross-over interchange 5, the double-slope upper layer for the upward cross-over interchange 9
- the road network section has five types: interchange section 45, level crossing section 44, Pingli section 46, mixed section 48, and elevated section, level crossing section 4 is composed of signal level crossing 3; and interchange section 45 is composed of ground crossing, leveling section 46 is composed of signal level crossing 36 and ground crossing; mixing section 48 is composed of signal level crossing 36, ground crossing and elevated frame 31; elevated frame 27 is referred to as elevated section 47.
- the above-mentioned multi-dimensional traffic road network has a single-story high-speed inter-directional network and a two-layer high-speed inter-directional network.
- cross commutation interchange (71) of the multi-dimensional traffic road network has three basic interchanges, superimposed interchanges, and non-interlaced interchanges.
- the basic interchange of the "cross" reversing interchange 71 of the above-mentioned multi-dimensional traffic road network is based on the upper crossover and the lowering of the interchange, and the left-handed commutating 18 is added to make the interchange become an interchange, and the left-hand reversal 18 Ramp 69 and commutation 25,
- the "cross" reversing interchange 71 simultaneously sets the upper and lower right cymbals 22, and the entry and exit ⁇ 26 is required.
- the upper single-slope upper layer is changed to the upper cross-crossing interchange 1 is the upper single-slope reversing 59, from the straight line 49, the upper span 52, the right ⁇ 22, the single-slope reversal 55 on the main line, the non-main line single slope Reversing 54 composition, reversing 25 in the upper layer 50;
- the upper single-slope upper-level exchange-up cross-interchange interchange 1 is the upper single-slope reversal 59, from straight-through line 49, upper span 52, right-handed 22, main line lower single-slope reversal 55, non-main line lower single slope Reversing 54 composition, commutation 25 to the lower layer 51;
- the upper single-slope upper layer is changed to the upper cross-interchange interchange 1 is the upper single-slope reversing 59, from the straight line 49, the upper span 52, the right ⁇ 22, the single line on the main line, 55, the non-main line, the single slope Reversing 54 composition, reversing 25 in the upper layer 50;
- the upper single-slope type upper-span exchange-up cross-interchange interchange 1 is the upper single-slope reversal 59, from the straight line 49, the upper line 52, the right ⁇ 22, the main line single-slope reversal 55, the non-main line single slope Reversing 54 composition, commutation 25 to the lower layer 51;
- the single-slope upper layer is changed to the upper cross-interchange 5 is the next-slope reversal 67, which is from the straight line 49, the upper span 52, the right ⁇ 22, the main line lower single-slope reversal 56, the non-main line single slope Reversing 53 composition, reversing 25 in the upper layer 50;
- the lower slope type lower layer exchanges the upper crossover interchange 6 for the single slope type reversal 67, from the straight line 49, the upper span 52, the right ⁇ 22, the main line lower single slope type commutation 56, the non-main line single slope Commutation 53 composition, commutation 25 to the lower layer 51;
- the upper slope type upper layer is replaced by the downward crossing interchange 7 for the single slope type reversal 67, from the straight line 49, the lower threading line 17, the right side 22, the main line lowering the single slope type switching 56, the non-main line single slope Reversing 53 composition, reversing 25 in the upper layer 50;
- the lower slope type lower layer is replaced by the downward crossing interchange 8 for the single slope type reversal 67, from the straight line 49, the lower thread 17, the right ⁇ 22, the main line lower single slope type commutation 56, the non-main line single slope Commutation 53 composition, commutation 25 to the lower layer 51;
- Double-slope upper-level exchange-up cross-interchange interchange 9 is double-slope reversing 60
- double-slope reversing 60 has two types of single-channel and double-channel, from straight-through line 49, upper span 52, right-handed 22 , the left turn reversing 18 is composed, and the reversing 25 is on the upper layer 50;
- Double-slope type lower layer exchanges upward cross-crossing interchange 10 is double-slope reversing 60, which consists of straight line 49, upper span 52, right ⁇ 22, left ⁇ reversal 18, and commutation 25 to lower layer 51;
- the double-slope upper layer is replaced by the downward crossing interchange 1 1 is the double-slope reversing 60, which is composed of a straight through line 49, a lower threading line 17, a right side 22, and a left side reversing 18, and the reversing 25 is in the upper layer 50;
- Double-slope lower layer for down-crossing interchanges 12 is a double-slope reversing 60, which consists of a straight-through line 49, a lower threading line 17, a right-hand side 22, and a left-handed reversing direction 18, and the reversing direction 25 is in the lower layer 51.
- the composite upper layer is changed to the upper non-interlaced interchange 13 as a double channel type, and the composite upper layer is changed to the upper non-interlaced interchange 13 on the basis of the upper straddle, and the upper traverse is changed to 72, and the left traverse is provided.
- the reversing direction 73 is formed, the upper cross left reversing 72 is reversed to the upper span 52, and the straight left reversing 73 is reversed to the straight line 49 by 25.
- the commutation 25 is a composite of single-slope reversing and double-slope reversing.
- Upper cross-left turn reversal 73 From upper cross-split point 76 to straight-through plunge point; straight through left turn reversal 72: From straight-through split point 74 to upper span to point-in point.
- the superimposed interchange of the "cross" reversing interchange 71 of the multi-dimensional traffic road network has a composite ground high interchange and a multi-dimensional high interchange two kind.
- the signal is single-layered and high-crossing, and is formed by superposition of signal leveling and single-story high-altitude intersection; its interchange is three layers: ground floor 35, underground second floor;
- the upper cross-interchange single-story high-rise interchange is formed by superimposing the upper cross-interchange and the single-story high-rise interchange, and the interchange is four-storey: elevated stratum, ground stratum 35, underground second floor;
- Underpassing a single-story high-rise interchange which is formed by superimposed underpass interchanges and single-story high-rise interchanges; its interchange is four layers: ground floor 35, underground three floors;
- Elevated inter-connected single-story high-rise interchanges which are superimposed by elevated interchanges and single-story high-rise interchanges.
- the interchange is divided into five layers: elevated two-story, ground floor 35, and underground two-story.
- the multi-dimensional high-altitude intersection of the multi-dimensional traffic road network has two kinds of multi-dimensional signal high-crossing and multi-dimensional intercommunication: There are three types of multi-dimensional signal high-altitude interchange:
- Multi-dimensional signal double-layer high-altitude intersection composed of signal leveling and double-layer ground height, the intersection level is five layers: elevated two: layer, ground floor 35, underground second floor;
- Multi-dimensional signal mixed layer high interchange formed by signal leveling and mixed layer height, the intersection level is four layers: elevated layer, ground floor 35, underground second floor.
- High-rise, high-level, multi-dimensional and multi-layered high-rise interchanges which are formed by the interconnection of interchanges and double-story high-rises. The intersections are six-story: elevated two-story, ground floor 35, underground three-story
- the high-rise, the three-dimensional multi-dimensional intermixed high-rise interchange formed by the interchange of interchanges and mixed-ground high-rises, the intersection of the five layers: the elevated floor, the ground floor 35, the underground three floors
- High-altitude, multi-dimensional and multi-dimensional intermixing and high-rise interchanges which are formed by superimposed interchanges and mixed-story high-rises.
- the intersections are five-story: elevated two-story, ground floor 35, underground two-story
- the reversing interchange of the above-mentioned multi-dimensional traffic road network is to set up a double-slope reversing 60 on the ground road section, so that the interchange has a reversing function, and the interchange is called a road section reversing interchange.
- ground-channel network type high-speed seamless connection 44 single mode There are three types of high-speed seamless connection modes for the above-mentioned multi-dimensional traffic road network: 1. Ground-channel network type high-speed seamless connection 44 single mode; 2. Ground-road network type high-speed seamless connection 44 and single-layer high-altitude high-speed seamless connection combination Mode; Third, the ground road network type high-speed seamless connection 44 and double-layer ground high-speed seamless connection 45 combination mode.
- the double-slope "T-word” reversing interchange of the above-mentioned multi-dimensional traffic road network is an interchange, and there are two types of double-slope upper-level reversing "T-word” intercommunication interchange 21 and double-slope lower-level reversing "T-word” reversing interchange. Double-slope upper reversing "T-word” mutual The straight line 49 of the interchange 21 is on the ground floor 35.
- the above-mentioned multi-dimensional traffic road network has high signal-wide full-circle interchange, cross-type signal, high-circle interchange, 68 interchange, and road-type signal, high-circle interchange, and interchange, and interchangeable signal, high-circle, full-circle interchange, 68, signal level 36, and high ground interchange.
- Fig. 1 is a plan view of the upper single slope type, the lower single slope type, the double slope type, the composite upper layer commutation, the lower layer exchange upper crossover interchange, and the lower through vertical exchange to the interchange intersection.
- the interchange is a single-layer reversal, divided into single-slope, single-slope, double-slope, and composite four types, with a total of 12 commutation interchanges.
- the reversing interchange is the core of laying the quasi-high-speed road network and underground high-speed road network on the ground, which is indispensable.
- the commutating interchange has the upper right type, the lower type right side, the double layer type (upper and lower layers) and the right side.
- the interlacing and non-interlacing of the commutation interchange are mainly taken from the road width, and the underground bicycle lane can be adopted. Design measures such as widening the plane and reversing the intersection at the intersection.
- Figure 25 is a plan view of a composite upper layer up-crossing non-interlaced interchange.
- Figure 26 - Figure 27 is the double-slope upper "T-shaped" reversing interchange plan
- the double-slope upper layer "T-shaped" reversing interchange is a component of the ground quasi-high-speed inter-directional network and the underground high-speed inter-directional network.
- Figure 28 is a plan view of the full-circle interchange of the high-altitude network of the interchanged-out signal.
- the signal high road network is fully interchanged to ensure the intercommunication between the level network and the ground road network.
- Figure 29 - Figure 30 is a high-speed seamless connection plan view of the underground road network.
- High-speed seamless connection is selected according to the city.
- the double-channel type upper non-interlaced composite long-distance interchange is a double-track type, the upper-span left-span is reversed to the upper-span reversing, the straight-through left-handed is reversing to the straight-line reversing, and the reversing is changed by the single-slope reversal and Double-slope reversing compound.
- Figure 31 is a plan view of a signal slow road network, a ground fast inter-path network, an elevated high-speed inter-path network, and a high-speed seamless connection.
- the signal slow road network, the intercommunication fast road network, and the elevated high-speed mutual channel network can be superimposed with the ground high-speed road network, and determined as needed.
- the high-altitude network type high-speed seamless connection has a ground height below.
- optimization design should be carried out, which is not limited to one, but should comply with the patented technical principles of the present invention. All the modifications and modifications made by the designer to the technical solution of the present invention should belong to the claims of the present invention. The book is determined within the scope of protection.
- a multi-dimensional traffic road network of the present invention includes an upper straddle and/or a lower crossing, and an upper raft 22 is provided on the upper straddle and/or the lower crossing, and is added in the main line of the upper straddle and/or the lower crossing.
- the left turn reversal 18 forms a commutating interchange 19, and the left turn commutation 18 is a single layer commutation, including ramp 30 and commutation 25, one end of ramp 30 is connected to the main line, and the other end is connected to commutation 25.
- the reversing interchange 19 includes a straight line 49, an upper span 52, a right weir 22, a left turn reversing 18, and a left turn reversing 18 is added to the upper or lower deck of the upper span 52, and the ramp 30 is a single slope or lower Single slope, commutation 25 is on the same plane as the main line.
- Figures 9 and 10 show the lower single-slope upper-level up-crossing interchange 5, and the left-handed commutation 18 is added to the upper 50 of the upper span 52, which is a single ramp 66.
- the left turn reversing 18 is disposed on the upper layer 50 of the upper span 52, the ramp 30 is a single ramp 66, the single ramp 66 is connected to the right turn 22, and the right turn 22 is connected to the straight through line 49, so that the straight through line 49 and the upper pass
- the crossover line 52 forms a reversing interchange 19, and when the vehicle traveling on the upper line 52 needs to be reversed from east to west in the north-south direction, first enters the left turn reversing 18 disposed on the upper layer of the upper span 52, in the reversing 25 Turning the head, then descending down the single slope into the right ⁇ 22, and entering the straight line 49 via the right ⁇ 22, thereby achieving vertical commutation from east-west to north-south.
- a single ramp 66 is located between the straight-through line 49 and the upper span 52, neither affecting the travel of the vehicle on the straight-through line 49 nor affecting the travel of the vehicle on the upper span 52, and the commutation is not necessary. Waiting, no need to be controlled by the signal, so that the vehicle can pass smoothly, without congestion, can eliminate the signal leveling network controlled by the traffic signal, realize the road network replacement, and then realize the urban transportation mode replacement, and replace the city with the city one yuan (automobile) traffic.
- the left left turn 18 can also be added to the upper layer 51 of the upper span 52 or the upper or lower layer of the lower thread 17, and the ramp 30 can be selected as a single slope or a single slope.
- the ramp 30 added to the upper or lower layer of the upper span 52 or the left turn reverse 18 added to the upper or lower layer of the lower thread 17 may also be a double ramp.
- the invention relates to a multi-dimensional traffic road network, which comprises a straight-through line 49, and a left-hand commutating 18 is added on the upper or lower layer of the straight-through line 49 to form a commutating interchange 19, and the left-hand reversing 18 is a single-layer reversing, including a ramp.
- one end of the ramp 30 is connected to the straight-through line 49, the other end is connected to the reversing line 25, the vehicle enters the left-hand reversing direction 18 on the straight-through line 49, and is turned down the ramp 30 after turning the head at the reversing 25 Incorporating the straight-through line 49, the process does not affect the running of the straight-through vehicle on the straight-through line 49, and the head turn and the straight line do not interfere with each other, and there is no traffic jam.
- the multi-dimensional traffic road network of the present invention replaces the existing interchange through the reversing interchange, and forms the mutual access network, so that the vehicle does not cause congestion when turning the head and reversing, and the mutual access network and the highway are seamless.
- the connection greatly increases the speed of the vehicle and the actual traffic volume of the road surface, enabling the city traffic to have the best adaptability and ensuring smooth weather throughout the day.
- the multidimensional traffic The road network rationally develops and utilizes the above-ground and underground space resources, forms a multi-level mutual access network, and greatly reduces the floor space, enabling the sustainable development of urban traffic.
- the invention can form a mutual access network, so that the vehicle does not cause congestion when turning the head and reversing.
- the mutual access network and the expressway are seamlessly connected, thereby greatly improving the actual speed of the vehicle speed and the road surface, and the urban traffic has the best strain.
- the multi-dimensional traffic road network rationally develops and utilizes underground and underground space resources, forms a multi-level mutual access network, greatly reduces the floor space, and can achieve sustainable development of urban traffic, so it has great market prospects and strong Industrial applicability.
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Abstract
一种多维交通路网,通过换向互通立交(19)建立互通路网(70),换向互通立交(19)是在现有上跨立交或下穿立交的基础上,增设左匝换向(18),左匝换向(18)为单层换向,该左匝换向(18)由坡道(30)和换向(25)组成,使上跨立交或下穿立交成为互通立交,该换向互通立交(19)有十字换向互通立交(15,71)、路段换向立交,十字换向互通立交(15,71)有基本立交和叠加立交二种,该互通路网(70)和高速无缝连接。通过换向互通立交(19)建立互通路网(70),可实现智能、有序的交通路网控制城市交通,使信号平交边缘化。
Description
多维交通路网 技术领域
本发明涉及城市道路交通技术领域, 特别是涉及一种多维交通路网。 背景技术
纵观城市交通发展史, 清楚地表明, 城市交通模式为动态模式, 非静止不变。 世界上第 一条地铁始于 1863年英国伦敦, 其目的是利用地铁取代城市马车交通, 开创城市交通现代化 的新纪元。 25年后, 德国奔驰汽车商业上市, 由于汽车产量有限, 许多城市出现电车。 上世 纪中叶, 城市交通出现拥堵。 今天, 道路与汽车需求量反差明显, 高峰时车速不足 15km/h, 严重 "拥堵"造成道路 "太平间"、 道路 "接生房"并非个案。
应对城市交通拥堵, 世界各国政府采取了许多补救措施: 公交优先; 修建交通辅助设施, 如城市立交、 上跨立交、 下穿隧道、 高架、 环形高架, 但早、 晚高峰期本为动态交通的辅助 设施, 却全部沦为静态交通(断肠停车场)。 事倍功半, 效果甚微。 城市交通路网由信号平交 控制, 任何补救设施都无力回天, 改变城市交通 "拥堵"。 唯一的办法是创新研化, 敷设地面 准高速、 地高高速两种互通路网, 与信号平交截然分开, 城市交通由互通路网智能地控制, 道路 "太平间"、 道路 "接生房" 自然消失。
城市可持续发展为全球可持续发展之首, 涉及千家万户的生存质量和幸福指数, 但由于 城市交通 "拥堵" (城市 "综合症") 致使全球城市均为不可持续发展。 城市交通 "拥堵"其 始作俑者为联合国 "地空门"。 所谓联合国 "地空门"是指联合国将地下空间资源开发利用锁 定在地铁模式上, 并视为可持续发展模式, 放弃城市多维空间 (地上、 地下) 资源开发利用 创新换代, 城市 "综合症"使城市交通苦不堪言, 甚至令人恐惧, 其论点称为联合国 "地空 门"。
汽车地下化符合人类发展的需要, 其优越性颇多, 可以受益于多个领域, 倍受世界各国 政府和人类社会关注。 在现有城市立交条件下, 汽车地下化不能实现, 必须对现有城市立交 创新换代, 否则, 汽车地下化只能是汽车隧道化。 汽车地下化被国际学术界奢谈数十载, 无 果而终。 汽车地下化竟成为国际学术界 "忽悠"世界各国政府和人类社会的 "新词汇"。
不难看出, 联合国 "地空门"、 国际学术界 "忽悠"有个共同的特点: 对城市交通不创新 研发, 否认城市交通换代。 这正是今天全球城市 "拥堵" 的症结所在。
基于上述背景, 本发明坦然地、 自信地向联合国 "地空门 "叫声 "不" , 唯有本发明才
能克服各类城市交通 "拥堵", 确保全球城市可持续发展 发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的缺点, 提供一种有效解决交通 "拥堵" 的多维交通路 网, 它兼容地铁的快速、 准点、 大容量和公交可达性好的特点, 弥补和改善城市交通功能混 乱、 机非不清、 路网密度低等缺陷。
本发明的目的通过以下技术方案来实现: 多维交通路网, 它包括基本路网和组合路网, 所述的基本路网有信号慢速路网、 地面准高速互通路网和地高高速互通路网组成等三种, 所 述的组合路网有信号单层地高高速互通路网、 信号双层地高高速互通路网、 互通单层地高高 速互通路网、 互通双层地高高速互通路网和高架单层地高高速互通路网五种。
所述的地面准高速互通路网由地面快速互通路网和高架高速互通路网组成, 所述的地高 高速互通路网由单层地高高速互通路网和双层地高高速互通路网组成。 地面准高速互通路网 和地高高速互通路网是通过换向互通立交实现, 换向互通立交有 "十字"换向互通立交、 "丁 字"换向互通立交和信号地高全圆互通立交三种。
多维交通路网按换向互通立交、 多维路网、 高速无缝、 辅助设置、 城市交通模式换代分 别叙述。
一、 换向互通立交
上跨立交、 下穿立交设置左匝换向, 实现立交互通, 其立交称为换向互通立交 (简称互 通立交)。 换向互通立交的上跨线, 下穿线、 左匝换向、 进出匝等均通过坡道实现。 左匝换向 有双层换向和单层换向两种。 多维交通路网采用单层左匝换向互通立交, 其特点有二: 一是 交通模式换代。 将现有地铁与汽车两元交通模式更换为汽车一元交通模式; 二是开发多维空 间。 利用地上、 地下多维空间, 最大限度开发城市交通资源, 特别是主干线交通资源。 现按 "十字"换向互通立交、 "丁字"换向互通立交、 信号地高全圆互通立交、 路段换向立交分别 叙述。
(一) "十字"换向互通立交
"十字"换向互通立交按基本立交、 叠加立交、 立交应用分别叙述。
1、 基本立交
基本立交有三类、 十二种
"十字"换向互通立交为单层换向, 分别按立交、 换向层次、 道型、 线路、 换向(左匝换 向)叙述。 按立交有上跨立交和下穿立交两种; 按换向层次有上层换向和下层换向两种; 按道 型有单道型和双道型两种; 按线路有主线左匝换向、 匝道左匝换向、 无道左匝换向三种; 按 换向有单坡式换向、 双坡式换向、 复合式换向等。 单坡式换向是由水平道、 单坡道、 换向构
成, 其换向称为单坡式换向。 单坡式换向于主线进行, 其换向称为主线单坡式换向, 分主线 上单坡式换向和主线下单坡式换向两种, 单坡式换向于非主线 (匝道、 无道) 进行, 其换向 称为非主线单坡式换向, 有非主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单坡式换向两种。 单坡式换向有 上单坡式换向和下单坡式换向。 换向是换向互通立交的关键, 以换向作为立交分类标准。 立 交分类有上单坡式换向、 下单坡式换向、 双坡式换向。 上单坡式换向 (上单坡式) 由主线上 单坡式换向和非主线下单坡式换向构成; 下单坡式换向 (下单坡式) 由主线下单坡式换向和 非主线上单坡式换向构成; 双坡式换向 (双坡式) 由双坡道、 换向构成; 复合式换向由单坡 式换向和双坡式换向复合而成。 根据立交、 换向层次, 换向互通立交分为四类, 共计十三种。
( 1 ) 上单坡式换向互通立交
上单坡式换向互通立交为双道型, 其立交形式有四。
一、 上跨立交上层, 采用主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单坡式换向, 其立交称为上单坡 式上层换向上跨互通立交, 立交由直通线、 上跨线、 右匝、 主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单 坡式换向组成;
二、 上跨立交下层, 采用主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单坡式换向, 其立交称为上单坡 式下层换向上跨互通立交, 立交由直通线、 上跨线、 右匝、 主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单 坡式换向组成;
三、 下穿立交上层, 采用主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单坡式换向, 其立交称为上单坡 式上层换向下穿互通立交, 交交由直通线、 下穿线、 右匝、 主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单 坡式换向组成;
四、 下穿立交下层, 采用主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单坡式换向, 其立交称为上单坡 式下层换向下穿互通立交, 交交由直通线、 下穿线、 右匝、 主线上单坡式换向和非主线下单 坡式换向组成。
( 2 ) 下单坡式换向互通立交
下单坡式换向互通立交为双道型, 其立方形式有四。
一、 上跨立交上层, 采用主线下单坡式换向和非主线上单坡式换向, 其立交称为下单坡 式上层换向上跨互通立交, 立交由直通线、 上跨线、 右匝、 主线下单坡式换向和非主线上单 坡式换向组成;
二、 上跨立交下层, 采用主线下单坡式换向和非主线上单坡式换向, 其立交称为下单坡 式下层换向上跨互通立交,立交由直通线、 上跨线、右匝、 主线下单坡式换向和非主线上单坡 式换向组成;
三、 下穿立交上层, 采用主线下单坡式换向和非主线上单坡式换向, 其立交称为下单坡 式上层换向下穿互通立交, 交交由直通线、 下穿线、 右匝、 主线下单坡式换向和非主线上单
坡式换向组成;
四、 下穿立交下层, 采用主线下单坡式换向和非主线上单坡式换向, 其立交称为下单坡 式下层换向下穿互通立交, 交交由直通线、 下穿线、 右匝、 主线下单坡式换向和非主线上单 坡式换向组成。
( 3 ) 双坡式换向互通立交
双坡式换向互通立交为单道型, 其立交形式有四。
一、 上跨立交上层, 采用双坡式左匝换向, 其立交称为双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交, 由直通线、 上跨线、 右匝、 左匝换向组成;
二、 上跨立交下层, 采用双坡式左匝换向, 其立交称为双坡式下层换向上跨互通立交, 立交由直通线、 上跨线、 右匝、 左匝换向组成;
三、 下穿立交上层, 采用双坡式左匝换向, 其立交称为双坡式上层换向下穿互通立交, 立交由直通线、 下穿线、 右匝、 左匝换向组成;
四、 下穿立交下层, 采用双坡式左匝换向, 其立交称为双坡式下层换向下穿互通立交, 立交由直通线、 下穿线、 右匝、 左匝换向组成。
( 4) 复合式换向立交
复合式换向互通立交为复合式上层换向上跨非交织互通立交, 立交采用双道型。 其立交 是在上跨立交的基础上, 增设上层左匝换向和直通左匝换向, 上跨左匝换向于上跨线换向, 直通左匝换向于直通线换向。 换向由单坡式换向和双坡式换向复合而成。 上跨左匝换向: 从 上跨分离点至直通切入点; 直通左匝换向: 从直通分离点至上跨至切入点。
2、 叠加立交
叠加立交分复合地高立交和多维地高立交两种
( 1 ) 复合地高立交
复合地高立交有信号单层地高立交、 上跨互通单层地高立交、 下穿互通单层地高立交、 高架互通单层地高立交四种:
一、 信号单层地高立交, 由信号平交和单层地高立交叠加而成; 其立交为为三层: 地面 层、 地下二层;
二、 上跨互通单层地高立交, 由上跨互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成, 其立交为为四 层: 高架一层、 地面层、 地下二层。 上跨互通单层地高立交亦称高一、 地二多维上跨互通单 层地高立交;
三、 下穿互通单层地高立交, 由下穿互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成; 其立交为为四 层: 地面层、 地下三层;
四、 高架互通单层地高立交, 由高架互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成, 其立交为为五
层: 高架二层、 地面层、 地下二层。 高架互通单层地高立交亦称高二、 地二多维高架互通单 层地高立交。
( 2) 多维地高立交
地高立交分别设置于地上、地下, 其立交称为多维地高立交。多维地高立交由信号平交、 互通立交与地高立交叠加组成, 有多维信号立交和多维互通立交两种。
A、 多维信号立交
多维信号立交由信号平交和地高立交叠加而成, 其立交有三:
一、 高一、 地三多维信号双层地高立交, 其立交层次为五层: 高架一层、 地面层、 地下 三层;
二、 高二、 地二多维信号双层地高立交, 其立交层次为五层: 高架二层、 地面层、 地下 二层;
三、 高一、 地二多维信号混层地高立交, 其立交层次为四层: 高架一层、 地面层、 地下 二层。
B、 多维互通立交
多维互通立交由互通立交与地高立交叠加而成, 其立交有四:
一、 高二、 地三多维互通双层地高立交, 其立交层次为六层: 高架二层、 地面层、 地下 三层;
二、 高一、 地三多维互通混层地高立交, 其立交层次为五层: 高架一层、 地面层、 地下 三层;
三、 高二、 地二多维互通混层地高立交, 其立交层次为五层: 高架二层、 地面层、 地下 二层。
3、 立交应用
换向互通立交应用有地高换向互通立交、 地面换向互通立交和高架换向互通立交三种。
( 1 )地高换向互通立交
地高立交采用所有换向互通立交。
( 2)地面换向互通立交 (上跨互通立交)
上跨换向互通立交采用上单坡式、 下单坡式、 双坡式、 复合式上层换向上跨互通立交。
( 3) 高架换向互通立交
高架换向互通立交采用上单坡式、 下单坡式、 双坡式、 复合式上层换向上跨互通立交。
(二) "丁字"换向互通立交
丁字交叉立交采用双坡式左匝换向, 其立交称为双坡式 "丁字"换向互通立交。 "丁字" 双坡式换向互通立交有上层换向 "丁字"互通立交、 下层换向 "丁字"互通立交两种, 前者
主线设置于下层; 后者主线设置于上层。
(三) 信号地高全圆互通立交
信号地高全圆互通立交由信号平交与地高立交(或地高路段)叠加而成, 通过地高出匝, 利用信号平交, 实现地高与地面全圆互通。 换言之, 地高从一相出地面另三相, 信号地高全 圆互通立交模式有二: 一、 立交型信号地高全圆互通立交, 为信号平交与地高立交叠加, 通 过四个地高立交出匝, 利用信号平交, 使两者全圆互通; 二、 路段型信号地高全圆互通立交, 为信号平交与地高路段叠加, 通过两个地高路段出匝, 利用信号平交, 使两者全圆互通。 实 现地高不受信号平交控制。 广义地, 信号平交与地高路段叠加视为一种特殊立交。
(四) 路段换向立交
路段换向立交是在地面路段上面设置双坡式换向, 使其路段具有 "调头"功能, 其立交 称为路段换向立交。 路段换向立交使交通资源获得最佳优化。
二、 多维路网
多维路网有基本路网、 组合路网和实际路网三种。
(一) 基本路网
基本路网有三: 一、 信号慢速路网; 二、 地面准高速互通路网; 三、 地高高速互通路网。
1、 信号慢速路网 (信号路网)
信号平交路网即城市现有地面平交路网, 称其为信号慢速路网, 具有可达性好的优点。
2、 地面准高速互通路网
地面准高速互通路网由地面快速互通路网和高架高速互通路网组成。
( 1 ) 地面快速互通路网
地面快速互通路网由信号平交和地面立交组成, 地上有互通立交和非互通立交两种。 地 面快速路网和高架高速互通路网节点立交为上单坡式、 下单坡式、 双坡式、 复合式上层换向 上跨互通立交四种。 地面快速路网和高架高速互通路网路段模式有五: 一、 信号路段; 二、 立交路段; 三、 平立路段; 四、 混合路段。 五、 高架路段。 路段采用信号平交, 其路段称为 信号路段; 路段采用立交, 其路段称为立交路段。 路段采用平交和立交, 其路段称为平立路 段。 路段采用平交、 立交、 高架, 其路段称为混合路段。 高架路段由高架构成。
( 2) 高架高速互通路网
高架路网设置于地面层上。 高架高速互通路网节点为上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交、 下单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交、 双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交、 复合式上层换向上跨互通 立交四种, 其路网称为高架高速互通路网。
3、 地高高速互通路网
地高高速互通路网有单层地高高速路网和双层地高高速路网两种。 单层地高高速互通路
网、 双层地高高速互通路网采用上述各种换向互通立交, 按工程选用。
(二) 组合路网
组合路网有信号单层地高高速互通路网、 信号双层地高高速互通路网、 互通单层地高高 速互通路网、 互通双层地高高速互通路网和高架单层地高高速路网五种。
1、 信号单层地高高速互通路网
信号单层地高高速互通路网由信号慢速路网与单层地高高速互通路网叠加而成。
2、 信号双层地高高速互通路网
信号双层地高高速互通路网由信号慢速路网和双层地高高速互通路网叠加而成。
3、 互通单层地高高速互通路网
互通单层地高高速互通路网由互通快速路网和单层地高高速互通路网叠加而成。
4、 互通双层地高高速互通路网
互通双层地高高速互通路网由互通快速路网和双层地高高速互通路网叠加而成。
5、 高架互通单层地高高速互通路网
由高架互通路网和单层地高高速路网叠加而成。
(三) 实际路网
从上述基本路网和组合路网不难看出: 多维交通路网有信号慢速路网和高速互通路网两 类。 高速互通路网分地面准高速互通路网和地高高速互通路网两种, 地面准高速互通路网由 地面快速互通路网和高架高速互通路网组成; 地高高速互通路网由单层、 双层地高高速互通 路网组成。 多维交通路网有八种形式: 一、 信号慢速路网; 二、 信号单层地高高速互通路网; 三、 信号双层地高高速互通路网; 四、 地面快速互通路网; 五、 高架高速互通路网; 六、 互 通单层地高高速互通路网; 七、 互通双层地高高速互通路网; 八、 高架单层地高高速互通路 网。
三、 高速无缝
现代城市一般拥有多条高速公路(高速)。 由于高速与城市交通速度不同, 在高速入城处 容易出现 "瓶颈", 产生拥堵。 要克服 "瓶颈", 使两者交通匹配实现无缝连接, 其模型有二: 一、 地面路网型高速无缝连接; 二、 地下路网型高速无缝连接。 高速直接进入地面准高速互 通路网(由地面快速互通路网和高架高速互通路网组成), 其高速无缝连接称为地面路网型高 速无缝连接。 高速通过城市道路两侧的匝道进、 出地高, 其高速无缝连接称为地下路网型高 速无缝连接。 高速无缝连接模式有三: 一、 地面路网型高速无缝连接 (单一模式); 二、 地面 路网型高速无缝连接和单层地高型高速无缝连接(组合模式); 三、地面路网型高速无缝连接 和双层地高型高速无缝连接 (组合模式)。
四、 辅助设置
(一)非机平台
非机道为人行道和自行车道, 非机道行驶的平台称其为非机平台。 非机平台有地上非机 平台和地下非机平台。 自行车道可设置于地面或地下, 所以, 非机平台的设置因工程而异。
(二)立交公交一站换乘
立交公交站设置竖梯、 通道 (隧道), 确保立交公交一站换乘。
(三) 进出匝
进出匝有路段平行进出匝、 路段垂直进出匝、 层间 (双层地高) 进出匝等。
五、 城市交通模式换代
城市交通换代路线图分三步: 一是立交换代; 二是路网换代; 三是模式换代。 立交换代 是将现有城市立交更换为换向互通立交, 所谓换向互通立交是在现有上跨立交、 下穿立交基 础上增设左匝换向, 使立交变为互通立交。 在互通立交地面上设置非机平台, 使其机动车、 非机动车互通; 路网换代是利用换向互通立交, 敷设地面准高速互通路网, 地面准高速互通 路网由地面快速互通路网和高架高速互通路网组成,地面准高速互通路网控制地面路网交通, 信号平交边缘化。 模式换代为城市一元 (汽车) 交通取代城市两元 (汽车、 地铁) 交通。 换 言之, 模式换代就是汽车地下化取代地铁化, 模式换代是交通换代的核心, 是确保全球城市 可持续发展的唯一选择, 别无它法。 交通换代从地铁只能维持城市交通不瘫痪的最低标准和 地面交通严重 "拥堵", "升华"为地面准高速、 地高高速互通路网控制城市交通, 使城市交 通成为智能、 有序互通交通。 车速: 从高峰车速不足 15km/h, 提高至 45-60km/h; 车拥有量增 加多倍。
发达国家经过一百多年的地铁建设, 城市沦为不可持续发展的窘境, 交通换代需要经济 支撑, 恐怕短期内只能苦涩地承受其煎熬。 进退维谷, 殃及子孙后代。 发展中国家采用多维 交通路网实现交通换代, 使其城市成为全球城市可持续发展的典范, 独领风骚。 俗话说, 三 十年河东, 三十年河西。
应该指出, 城市交通换代是科技发展的结果; 是人类生存质量提高的需要; 是汽车产业 高速发展的需要; 是城市可持续发展的必然。 城市交通换代乃当务之急, 刻不容缓。
本发明的一种多维交通路网, 包括上跨立交和 /或下穿立交, 所述上跨立交和 /或下穿立 交上设置右匝, 在所述上跨立交和 /或下穿立交的主线内增设左匝换向, 形成换向互通立交, 所述左匝换向为单层换向, 包括坡道和换向, 所述坡道的一端和所述主线连接, 另一端和所 述换向连接。
本发明的一种多维交通路网通过在现有上跨立交、 下穿立交基础上增设左匝换向, 将现 有城市立交更换为换向互通立交, 在互通立交地面上设置非机平台, 使其机动车、 非机动车 互通, 是利用换向互通立交, 敷设地面准高速互通路网, 地面准高速互通路网由地面快速互
通路网和高架高速互通路网组成, 地面准高速互通路网控制地面路网交通, 使信号平交边缘 化, 实现路网换代, 进而实现城市交通模式换代, 用城市一元(汽车)交通取代城市两元(汽 车、 地铁) 交通。 换言之, 模式换代就是汽车地下化取代地铁化, 模式换代是交通换代的核 心, 是确保全球城市可持续发展的唯一选择, 别无它法。 交通换代从地铁只能维持城市交通 不瘫痪的最低标准和地面交通严重 "拥堵", "升华"为地面准高速、 地高高速互通路网控制 城市交通, 使城市交通成为智能、 有序互通交通。 车速: 从高峰车速不足 15km/h, 提高至 45-60km/h; 车拥有量增加多倍。城市交通换代是科技发展的结果, 是人类生存质量提高的需 要, 是汽车产业高速发展的需要, 是城市可持续发展的必然, 城市交通换代乃当务之急, 刻 不容缓。
所述换向互通立交包括直通线、 上跨线、 右匝、 左匝换向, 所述左匝换向增设于上跨线 的上层或下层, 所述坡道为上单坡或下单坡, 所述换向与所述主线在同一平面上。
所述换向互通立交包括直通线、 上跨线、 右匝、 左匝换向, 所述左匝换向增设于上跨线 的上层或下层, 所述坡道为双坡。
所述换向互通立交包括直通线、 下穿线、 右匝、 左匝换向, 所述左匝换向增设于下穿线 的上层或下层, 所述坡道为上单坡或下单坡, 所述换向与所述主线在同一平面上。
所述换向互通立交包括直通线、 下穿线、 右匝、 左匝换向, 所述左匝换向增设于下穿线 的上层或下层, 所述坡道为双坡。
本发明还提供一种多维交通路网, 包括直通线, 在所述直通线的上层或下层增设左匝换 向, 形成换向互通立交, 所述左匝换向为单层换向, 包括坡道和换向, 所述坡道的一端和所 述直通线连接, 另一端和所述换向连接。
通过在直通线上设置左匝换向, 避免常见的直通线上调头车辆和直行车辆相互影响, 发 生拥堵, 大大提高了路面的实际通行量, 使交通资源获得最佳优化。 附图说明
图 1、 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的上层); 图 2、 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的下层); 图 3、 上单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的上层); 图 4、 上单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的下层); 图 5、 上单坡式上层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的上层); 图 6、 上单坡式上层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的下层); 图 7、 上单坡式下层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的上层); 图 8、 上单坡式下层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的下层);
图 9、 下单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的上层); 图 10、 下单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的下层);
11 下 I单坡^式下 Ι '层/ 换Χ向Ι^Ι上丄跨互 _"=L通立交平丁面叫图: (左匝 li 换]X向| j设置且于 J上 i ί跨线的上层); 图 12 、 下单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨跨线线的的下下层层));; 图 13、 下单坡式上层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的上层); 图 14、 下下单单讷坡式上卜层层拖换向向下下穿互 IT通诵立夺交平平而面阁图,: ((左匝而拖换向向设设置罟干于下下穿线线的的下下层层 ^); 图 15、 下单坡式下层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的上层); 图 16、 下单坡式下层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的下层); 图 17、 双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的上层); 图 18、 双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的下层); 图 19、 双坡式下层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的上层); 图 20、 双坡式下层换向上跨互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于上跨线的下层); 图 21、 双坡式上层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的上层); 图 22、 双坡式上层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的下层); 图 23、 双坡式下层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的上层); 图 24、 双坡式下层换向下穿互通立交平面图: (左匝换向设置于下穿线的下层); 图 25、 复合式上层换向上跨非交织互通立交平面图;
图 26、 双坡式上层换向 "丁字"互通立交平面图: 换向层;
图 27、 双坡式上层换向 "丁字"互通立交平面图: 主线层;
图 28、 立交型信号地高全圆互通立交平面图;
图 29、 单层地高型高速无缝连接平面图: 地面层;
图 30、 单层地高型高速无缝连接平面图: 地高层;
图 31、 号慢速路网、 地面快速互通路网、 高架高速互通路网和高速无缝连接平面图。 其中: 1 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交、 2 上单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交、 3—上 单坡式上层换向下穿互通立交、 4 上单坡式下层换向下穿互通立交、 5—下单坡式上层换向 上跨互通立交、 6—下单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交、 7—下单坡式上层换向下穿互通立交、 8 下单坡式下层换向下穿互通立交、 9一双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交、 10—双坡式下层换向 上跨互通立交、 11一双坡式上层换向下穿互通立交、 12—双坡式下层换向下穿互通立交、 13
-复合式上层换向上跨非交织互通立交、 14一 "丁字"换向互通立交、 15 "十字"换向互 通 I立立交交、、 1166 复复合合式式换换向向、、 1177——下下穿穿线线、、 1188——左匝匝换换向向、、 1199一一换换向向互互通通立立交交、、 2200——变变坡 ¾点、 21—双坡式上层换向 "丁字"互通立交、 22—右匝、 23—单换向、 24—多换向、 25 换向、
26—进出匝、 27—高速、 28—上层地高、 29—下层地高、 30—坡道、 31—高架、 32—双层地 高型高速无缝连接、 33—单层换向、 34—水平道、 35—地面层、 36—信号平交、 37—上层地 高出匝、 38—上层地高进匝、 41一信号慢速路网、 42—地面快速互通路网、 43—高架高速互 通路网、 44一平交路段、 45一立交路段、 46一平立路段、 47一高架路段、 48一混合路段、 49 一直通线、 50—上层、 51—下层、 52—上跨线、 53—非主线上单坡式换向、 54—非主线下单 坡式换向、 55—主线上单坡式换向、 56—主线下单坡式换向、 57—地面路网型高速无缝连接、 58—地高路网型高速无缝连接、 59—上单坡式换向、 60—双坡式换向、 62—主线换向、 63— 匝道换向、 64—无道换向、 65—地面交通、 66—单坡道、 67—下单坡式换向、 68—立交型信 号地高全圆互通立交、 69—地高立交出匝、 70—互通路网、 71— "十字"换向互通立交。 72 一直通左匝换向、 73—上跨左匝换向、 74—直通分离点、 76上跨分离点。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步的描述, 但本发明的保护范围不局限于以下所述。
一种多维交通路网是通过换向互通立交 19, 建立互通路网 70, 换向互通立交 19是在现 有上跨立交、 下穿立交的基础上, 增设左匝换向 18, 左匝换向 18为单层换向 33, 左匝换向 18由坡道 30和换向 25组成, 使上跨立交或下穿立交成为互通立交, 换向互通立交 19有"十 字"换向互通立交 71、 路段换向立交, "十字"换向互通立交 71有基本立交、 叠加立交和 非交织互通立交三种, 上述互通路网 70和高速无缝连接。
上述多维交通路网的互通路网 70有地面准高速互通路网和地高高速互通路网两种。 上述多维交通路网地面准高速互通路网由地面快速互通路网 42和高架高速互通路网 43 组成。 地面快速互通路网 42由信号平交 36和地上立交组成, 地上立交有互通立交和非互通 立交两种。 地面快速互通路网 42和高架高速互通路网 43节点立交采用上单坡式上层换向上 跨互通立交 1、 下单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 5、 双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 9; 路网路 段有立交路段 45、 平交路段 44、 平立路段 46、 混合路段 48、 高架路段五种, 平交路段 4由 信号平交 3组成;立交路段 45由地上立交组成,平立路段 46由信号平交 36与地上立交组成; 混合路段 48由信号平交 36、 地上立交和高架 31组成; 高架 27称其为高架路段 47。
上述多维交通路网的地高高速互通路网有单层地高高速互通路网和双层地高高速互通路 网。
上述的多维交通路网的 "十字"换向互通立交 (71 ) 有基本立交、 叠加立交、 非交织互 通立交三种。
上述多维交通路网的 "十字"换向互通立交 71的基本立交是在上跨立交、 下穿立交的基 础上, 增设左匝换向 18, 使其立交成为互通立交, 左匝换向 18由坡道 69和换向 25组成,
"十字"换向互通立交 71同时设置上层、 下层右匝 22, 需要设置进出匝 26。 "十字 "换向 互通立交 71其基本形式共计十二种:
一、 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 1为上单坡式换向 59, 由直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 主线上单坡式换向 55、 非主线下单坡式换向 54组成、 换向 25于上层 50;
二、 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 1为上单坡式换向 59, 由直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 主线下单坡式换向 55、 非主线下单坡式换向 54组成、 换向 25于下层 51;
三、 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 1为上单坡式换向 59, 由直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 主线上单坡换式向 55、 非主线下单坡式换向 54组成、 换向 25于上层 50;
四、 上单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交 1为上单坡式换向 59, 由直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 主线上单坡式换向 55、 非主线下单坡式换向 54组成、 换向 25于下层 51;
五、 下单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 5为下单坡式换向 67, 由直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 主线下单坡式换向 56、 非主线上单坡式换向 53组成, 换向 25于上层 50;
六、 下单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交 6为下单坡式换向 67, 由直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 主线下单坡式换向 56、 非主线上单坡式换向 53组成, 换向 25于下层 51;
七、 下单坡式上层换向下穿互通立交 7为下单坡式换向 67, 由直通线 49、 下穿线 17、 右匝 22、 主线下单坡式换向 56、 非主线上单坡式换向 53组成, 换向 25于上层 50;
八、 下单坡式下层换向下穿互通立交 8为下单坡式换向 67, 由直通线 49、 下穿线 17、 右匝 22、 主线下单坡式换向 56、 非主线上单坡式换向 53组成, 换向 25于下层 51;
九、 双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 9为双坡式换向 60, 双坡式换向 60有单道型和双道 型两种, 由直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 左匝换向 18组成, 换向 25于上层 50;
十、 双坡式下层换向上跨互通立交 10为双坡式换向 60, 由直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 左匝换向 18组成, 换向 25于下层 51 ;
^一、 双坡式上层换向下穿互通立交 1 1为双坡式换向 60, 由直通线 49、 下穿线 17、 右 匝 22、 左匝换向 18组成, 换向 25于上层 50 ;
十二、 双坡式下层换向下穿互通立交 12为双坡式换向 60, 由直通线 49、 下穿线 17、 右 匝 22、 左匝换向 18组成, 换向 25于下层 51。
十三、复合式上层换向上跨非交织互通立交 13为双道型, 复合式上层换向上跨非交织互 通立交 13是在上跨立交基础上, 设置上跨左匝换向 72、 直通左匝换向 73而成, 上跨左匝换 向 72于上跨线 52换向 25, 直通左匝换向 73于直通线 49换向 25。 换向 25由单坡式换向和 双坡式换向 60复合而成。 上跨左匝换向 73 : 从上跨分离点 76至直通切入点; 直通左匝换向 72: 从直通分离点 74至上跨至切入点。
上述多维交通路网的 "十字 "换向立交 71 的叠加立交有复合地高立交和多维地高立交两
种。
上述多维交通路网的复合地高立交有四种:
一、 信号单层地高立交, 由信号平交和单层地高立交叠加而成; 其立交为为三层: 地面 层 35、 地下二层;
二、 上跨互通单层地高立交, 由上跨互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成, 其立交为为四 层: 高架一层、 地面层 35、 地下二层;
三、 下穿互通单层地高立交, 由下穿互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成; 其立交为为四 层: 地面层 35、 地下三层;
四、 高架互通单层地高立交, 由高架互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成, 其立交为为五 层: 高架二层、 地面层 35、 地下二层。
上述多维交通路网的多维地高立交有多维信号地高立交和多维互通地高立交两种: 多维信号地高立交有三种:
、 1¾ " ~~ "、 地三 :多维信号双层地高立交 , 由信号平交和双层地高叠加而成, 其立交层次 为五层: 高架 -层、 地面层 35、 地下三层;
、 1¾ ~ ·、 地二 :多维信号双层地高立交, 由信号平交和双层地高叠加而成, 其立交层次 为五层: 高架二 :层、 地面层 35、 地下二层;
-、 地二 :多维信号混层地高立交, 由信号平交和混层地高叠加而成, 其立交层次 为四层: 高架 一层、 地面层 35、 地下二层。
多维互通地高立交有三种:
一、 高二、 地三多维互通双层地高立交 , 由互通立交和双层地高立叠加而成, 其立交层 次为六层: 高架二层、 地面层 35、 地下三层
二、 高一、 地三多维互通混层地高立交, 由互通立交和混层地高立叠加而成, 其立交层 次为五层: 高架一层、 地面层 35、 地下三层
三、 高二、 地二多维互通混层地高立交, 由互通立交和混层地高立叠加而成, 其立交层 次为五层: 高架二层、 地面层 35、 地下二层
上述多维交通路网的路段换向立交是在地面路段上设置双坡式换向 60, 使立交具有换向 功能, 立交称为路段换向立交。
上述多维交通路网的高速无缝连接模式有三种: 一、地面路网型高速无缝连接 44单一模 式; 二、地面路网型高速无缝连接 44和单层地高型高速无缝连接组合模式; 三、地面路网型 高速无缝连接 44和双层地高型高速无缝连接 45组合模式。
上述多维交通路网的双坡式 "丁字"换向互通立交为互通立交, 有双坡式上层换向 "丁 字"互通立交 21和双坡式下层换向 "丁字"换向互通立交二种, 双坡式上层换向 "丁字"互
通立交 21的直通线 49于地面层 35。
上述多维交通路网的信号地高全圆互通立交有立交型信号地高全圆互通立交 68 和路段 型信号地高全圆互通立交两种, 一、 立交型信号地高全圆互通立交 68为信号平交 36与地高 立交叠加, 通过四个地高立交出匝 69, 利用信号平交 36, 使两者全圆互通; 二、 路段型信号 地高全圆互通立交, 为信号平交 36与地高路段叠加, 通过两个地高路段出匝, 利用信号平交 36, 使两者全圆互通。
结合附图进一步说明。
图 1一图 24为上单坡式、 下单坡式、 双坡式、 复合式上层换向、 下层换向上跨立交、 下 穿立交换向互通立交平面图。
立交为单层换向, 分上单坡式、 下单坡式、 双坡式、 复合式四类, 共计 12种换向互通立 交。 换向互通立交是敷设地上准高速路网、 地下高速路网的核心, 不可或缺。 换向互通立交 右匝有上层型右匝、 下层型右匝、 双层型 (上、 下层) 右匝三种, 换向互通立交的交织、 非 交织主要取于道路宽窄, 可采用地下自行车道、 拓宽平面、 换向设置于交叉口等设计措施。
图 25为复合式上层换向上跨非交织互通立交平面图。
图 26—图 27为双坡式上层 "丁字"换向互通立交平面图
双坡式上层 "丁字"换向互通立交为地上准高速互通路网、 地下高速互通路网的组成部 分。
图 28为立交出匝型信号地高路网全圆互通立交平面图。
信号地高路网全圆互通立交, 确保平交路网和地高路网互通。
图 29—图 30为地下路网高速无缝连接平面图。
高速无缝连接按城市实况选用。
双道型上跨非交织复合式远引互通立交为双道型上跨左匝换向于上跨线换向, 直通左匝 换向于直通线换向, 换向由单坡式换向和双坡式换向复合而成。
上述各种立交换向均在换向平台进行, 换向平台视为环形平交平台。
图 31为信号慢速路网、 地面快速互通路网、 高架高速互通路网和高速无缝连接平面图。 信号慢速路网、 互通快速路网、 高架高速互通路网均可与地高高速路网叠加, 按需要确 定。 地高路网型高速无缝连接下面设有地高。
根据道路宽窄、 车辆数量等诸多因素, 应进行优化设计, 不拘一格, 但应遵守本发明专 利技术原则, 设计人员对本发明的技术方案作出的各种变通和修改, 均应属于本发明权利要 求书确定的保护范围内。
应指出: 本发明是按中华人民共和国的车辆靠右行驶规则组织交通, 如车辆按左行驶的 国家或地区, 则反向, 按左行驶规则组织交通即可。
本发明的一种多维交通路网,包括上跨立交和 /或下穿立交, 上跨立交和 /或下穿立交上设 置右匝 22, 在上跨立交和 /或下穿立交的主线内增设左匝换向 18, 形成换向互通立交 19, 左 匝换向 18为单层换向, 包括坡道 30和换向 25, 坡道 30的一端和主线连接, 另一端和换向 25连接。 换向互通立交 19包括直通线 49、 上跨线 52、 右匝 22、 左匝换向 18, 左匝换向 18 增设于上跨线 52的上层或下层, 坡道 30为上单坡或下单坡, 换向 25与主线在同一平面上。
图 9和图 10为下单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 5, 左匝换向 18增设于上跨线 52的上层 50, 坡道 30为单坡道 66。
左匝换向 18设置在上跨线 52的上层 50, 坡道 30为单坡道 66, 该单坡道 66与右匝 22 连接, 右匝 22与直通线 49连接, 使直通线 49和上跨线 52形成换向互通立交 19, 在上跨线 52行驶的车辆需由东西向换向为南北向时, 先驶入设置在上跨线 52上层的左匝换向 18, 在 换向 25处调头, 然后沿下单坡下行进入右匝 22, 经由右匝 22进入直通线 49, 从而实现由东 西向到南北向的垂直换向。在此换向过程中, 单坡道 66位于直通线 49和上跨线 52之间, 既 不影响直通线 49上的车辆行驶, 也不影响上跨线 52上的车辆行驶, 而且换向不必等待, 不 必由信号控制, 从而使车辆通行顺畅, 不会拥堵, 可以淘汰红绿灯信号控制的信号平交路网, 实现路网换代, 进而实现城市交通模式换代, 用城市一元(汽车)交通取代城市两元(汽车、 地铁) 交通, 确保全球城市可持续发展, 使交通换代从地铁只能维持城市交通不瘫痪的最低 标准和地面交通严重 "拥堵" , "升华" 为地面准高速、 地高高速互通路网控制城市交通, 使城市交通成为智能、 有序互通交通。 车速: 从高峰车速不足 15km/h, 提高至 45-60km/h; 车拥有量增加多倍。 城市交通换代是科技发展的结果, 是人类生存质量提高的需要, 是汽车 产业高速发展的需要, 是城市可持续发展的必然, 城市交通换代乃当务之急, 刻不容缓。
根据实际情况, 以上左匝换向 18也可以增设于上跨线 52的下层 51或者下穿线 17的上 层或下层, 坡道 30可以选择上单坡或下单坡。
上述增设于上跨线 52的上层或下层或者增设于下穿线 17的上层或下层的左匝换向 18的 坡道 30也可以为双坡道。
本发明一种多维交通路网, 包括直通线 49, 在直通线 49的上层或下层增设左匝换向 18, 形成换向互通立交 19, 左匝换向 18为单层换向, 包括坡道 30和换向 25, 坡道 30的一端和 直通线 49连接, 另一端和换向 25连接, 车辆在直通线 49上进入左匝换向 18, 在换向 25处 调头后沿坡道 30下行, 并入直通线 49, 该过程不会影响直通线 49上直行车辆的行驶, 调头 和直行互不干涉, 不会堵车。
综上所述, 本发明一种多维交通路网通过换向互通立交, 取代现有立交, 形成互通路网, 使车辆调头、 换向时不造成拥堵, 另外, 互通路网和高速公路无缝连接, 大大提高了车速及 路面的实际通行量, 能使城市交通具有最佳应变能力, 确保全天候畅通。 同时, 该多维交通
路网合理开发利用地上地下空间资源, 形成多层次的互通路网, 占地面积大大减小, 能够实 现城市交通的可持续发展。
以上所述的实施例仅仅是对本发明的优选实施方式进行描述, 并非对本发明的范围进行 限定, 在不脱离本发明设计精神的前提下, 本领域普通技术人员对本发明的技术方案作出的 各种变形和改进, 均应落入本发明权利要求书确定的保护范围内。 工业实用性
本发明能形成互通路网, 使车辆调头、 换向时不造成拥堵, 另外, 互通路网和高速公路 无缝连接, 大大提高了车速及路面的实际通行量, 能使城市交通具有最佳应变能力, 确保全 天候畅通。 同时, 该多维交通路网合理开发利用地上地下空间资源, 形成多层次的互通路网, 占地面积大大减小, 能够实现城市交通的可持续发展, 因此具有很大的市场前景和很强的工 业实用性。
Claims
权 利 要 求
1、 一种多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 通过换向互通立交 (19), 建立互通路网 (70), 换 向互通立交 (19) 是在现有上跨立交或下穿立交的基础上, 增设左匝换向 (18), 左匝换向 18 为单层换向 (33 ), 所述左匝换向 (18 ) 由坡道 (30) 和换向 (25 ) 组成, 使上跨立交或 下穿立交成为互通立交, 所述换向互通立交 (19)有 "十字"换向互通立交 (71 )、 路段换向 立交, "十字"换向互通立交 (71 ) 有基本立交和叠加立交二种, 所述互通路网 (70)和高速无 缝连接。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述互通路网 (70)有地面准高速 互通路网和地高高速互通路网两种。
3、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网地面准 高速互通路网由地面快速互通路网 (42) 和高架高速互通路网 (43 ) 组成, 地面快速互通路 网 (42) 由信号平交 (36) 和地上立交组成, 地上立交有互通立交和非互通立交两种, 地面 快速互通路网 (42) 和高架高速互通路网 (43 ) 节点立交采用上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立 交 (1 )、 下单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 (5 )、 双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 (9)、 复合式 上层换向上跨非交织互通立交(13 ); 路网路段有立交路段(45 )、 平交路段(44)、 平立路段
(46)、混合路段(48)、 高架路段五种, 平交路段(4) 由信号平交(3 )组成; 立交路段(45 ) 由地上立交组成, 平立路段 (46) 由信号平交 (36) 与地上立交组成; 混合路段 (48) 由信 号平交 (36)、 地上立交和高架 (31 ) 组成; 高架 (27) 称其为高架路段 (47)。
4、 根据权利要求 1或 2所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网的地高 高速互通路网有单层地高高速互通路网和双层地高高速互通路网。
5、 根据权利要求 1所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网的 "十字" 换向互通立交 (71 ) 有基本立交和叠加立交两种。
6、 根据权利要求 1或 5所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网的 "十 字"换向互通立交(71 )的基本立交是在上跨立交、下穿立交的基础上, 增设左匝换向(18), 使其立交成为互通立交, 左匝换向 (18) 由坡道 (30)和换向 (25 ) 组成, "十字"换向互通 立交(71 )同时设置上层、下层右匝(22),需要设置进出匝(26), "十字"换向互通立交(71 ), 其基本形式共计十三种:
一、 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 (1 ) 为上单坡式换向 (59), 由直通线 (49)、 上跨 线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 主线上单坡式换向 (55 )、 非主线下单坡式换向 (54)组成, 换向 (25 ) 于上层 (50);
二、 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 (1) 为上单坡式换向 (59), 由直通线 (49)、 上跨 线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 主线下单坡式换向 (55)、 非主线下单坡式换向 (54)组成, 换向 (25) 于下层 (51);
三、 上单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 (1) 为上单坡式换向 (59), 由直通线 (49)、 上跨 线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 主线上单坡换式向 (55)、 非主线下单坡式换向 (54)组成, 换向 (25) 于上层 (50);
四、 上单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交 (1) 为上单坡式换向 (59), 由直通线 (49)、 上跨 线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 主线上单坡式换向 (55)、 非主线下单坡式换向 (54)组成, 换向 (25) 于下层 (51);
五、 下单坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 (5) 为下单坡式换向 (67), 由直通线 (49)、 上跨 线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 主线下单坡式换向 (56)、 非主线上单坡式换向 (53)组成, 换向 (25) 于上层 (50);
六、 下单坡式下层换向上跨互通立交 (6) 为下单坡式换向 (67), 由直通线 (49)、 上跨 线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 主线下单坡式换向 (56)、 非主线上单坡式换向 (53)组成, 换向 (25) 于下层 (51);
七、 下单坡式上层换向下穿互通立交 (7) 为下单坡式换向 (67), 由直通线 (49)、 下穿 线 (17)、 右匝 (22)、 主线下单坡式换向 (56)、 非主线上单坡式换向 (53)组成, 换向 (25) 于上层 (50);
八、 下单坡式下层换向下穿互通立交 (8) 为下单坡式换向 (67), 由直通线 (49)、 下穿 线 (17)、 右匝 (22)、 主线下单坡式换向 (56)、 非主线上单坡式换向 (53)组成, 换向 (25) 于下层 (51);
九、 双坡式上层换向上跨互通立交 (9) 为双坡式换向 (60), 双坡式换向 (60) 有单道 型和双道型两种, 由直通线(49)、上跨线(52)、右匝(22)、左匝换向(18)组成, 换向(25) 于上层 (50);
十、 双坡式下层换向上跨互通立交 (10) 为双坡式换向 (60), 由直通线 (49)、 上跨线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 左匝换向 (18) 组成, 换向 (25) 于下层 (51);
十一、 双坡式上层换向下穿互通立交 (11) 为双坡式换向 (60), 由直通线 (49)、 下穿 线 (17)、 右匝 (22)、 左匝换向 (18) 组成, 换向 (25) 于上层 (50);
十二、 双坡式下层换向下穿互通立交 (12) 为双坡式换向 (60), 由直通线 (49)、 下穿 线 (17)、 右匝 (22)、 左匝换向 (18) 组成, 换向 (25) 于下层 (51)。
十三、 复合式上层换向上跨非交织互通立交(13) 为复合式换向 (16), 复合式上层换向
上跨非交织互通立交(13 )是在上跨立交基础上,设置上跨左匝换向(72)、直通左匝换向(73 ) 而成, 上跨左匝换向 (72) 于上跨线 (52) 换向 (25), 直通左匝换向 (73 ) 于直通线 (49) 换向 (25), 换向 (25 ) 由单坡式换向和双坡式换向 (60) 复合而成, 上跨左匝换向 (73 ) : 从上跨分离点 (76)至直通切入点; 直通左匝换向 (72): 从直通分离点 (74)至上跨至切入 点。
7、根据权利要求 1或 5所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网的 "十 字"换向立交 (71 ) 的叠加立交有复合地高立交和多维地高立交两种。
8、根据权利要求 1或 5或 7所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网的 复合地高立交有四种:
一、 信号单层地高立交, 由信号平交和单层地高立交叠加而成; 其立交为三层: 地面层 ( 35)、 地下二层;
二、上跨互通单层地高立交, 由上跨互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成, 其立交为四层: 高架一层、 地面层 (35)、 地下二层;
三、下穿互通单层地高立交, 由下穿互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成; 其立交为四层: 地面层 (35)、 地下三层;
四、 高架互通单层地高立交, 由高架互通立交和单层地高立交叠加而成, 其立交为五层: 高架二层、 地面层 (35)、 地下二层。
9、根据权利要求 1或 7所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网的多维 地高立交有多维信号地高立交和多维互通地高立交两种:
多维信号地高立交有三种:
一、 高一、 地三多维信号双层地高立交, 由信号平交和双层地高叠加而成, 其立交为五 层: 高架一层、 地面层 (35)、 地下三层;
二、 高二、 地二多维信号双层地高立交, 由信号平交和双层地高叠加而成, 其立交为五 层: 高架二层、 地面层 (35)、 地下二层;
三、 高一、 地二多维信号混层地高立交, 由信号平交和混层地高叠加而成, 其立交为四 层: 高架一层、 地面层 (35)、 地下二层,
多维互通地高立交有三种:
一、 高二、 地三多维互通双层地高立交, 由互通立交和双层地高立叠加而成, 其立交为 六层: 高架二层、 地面层 (35)、 地下三层;
二、 高一、 地三多维互通混层地高立交, 由互通立交和混层地高立叠加而成, 其立交为 五层: 高架一层、 地面层 (35)、 地下三层;
三、 高二、 地二多维互通混层地高立交, 由互通立交和混层地高立叠加而成, 其立交为 五层: 高架二层、 地面层 (35 )、 地下二层。
10、 根据权利要求 1所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网的高速无 缝连接模式有三种: 一、 地面路网型高速无缝连接 (44) 单一模式; 二、 地面路网型高速无 缝连接 (44) 和单层地高型高速无缝连接组合模式; 三、 地面路网型高速无缝连接 (44) 和 双层地高型高速无缝连接 (45 ) 组合模式。
11、 一种多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述的多维交通路网的路段换向立交是在地面路 段上设置双坡式换向 (60), 使立交具有换向功能, 其立交称为路段换向立交。
12、 一种多维交通路网, 包括上跨立交和 /或下穿立交, 所述上跨立交和 /或下穿立交上设 置右匝 (22), 其特征在于: 在所述上跨立交和 /或下穿立交的主线内增设左匝换向 (18), 形 成换向互通立交 (19), 所述左匝换向 (18) 为单层换向, 包括坡道 (30) 和换向 (25 ), 所 述坡道 (30) 的一端和所述主线连接, 另一端和所述换向 (25 ) 连接。
13、 根据权利要求 12所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述换向互通立交(19)包括 直通线 (49)、 上跨线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 左匝换向 (18), 所述左匝换向 (18) 增设于上跨 线 (52) 的上层或下层, 所述坡道 (30) 为上单坡或下单坡, 所述换向 (25 ) 与所述主线在 同一平面上。
14、 根据权利要求 12所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述换向互通立交(19)包括 直通线 (49)、 上跨线 (52)、 右匝 (22)、 左匝换向 (18), 所述左匝换向 (18) 增设于上跨 线 (52) 的上层或下层, 所述坡道 (30) 为双坡。
15、 根据权利要求 12所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述换向互通立交(19)包括 直通线 (49)、 下穿线 (17)、 右匝 (22)、 左匝换向 (18), 所述左匝换向 (18) 增设于下穿 线 (17) 的上层或下层, 所述坡道 (30) 为上单坡或下单坡, 所述换向 (25 ) 与所述主线在 同一平面上。
16、 根据权利要求 12所述的多维交通路网, 其特征在于: 所述换向互通立交(19)包括 直通线 (49)、 下穿线 (17)、 右匝 (22)、 左匝换向 (18), 所述左匝换向 (18) 增设于下穿 线 (17) 的上层或下层, 所述坡道 (30) 为双坡。
17、 一种多维交通路网, 包括直通线 (49), 其特征在于: 在所述直通线 (49) 的上层或 下层增设左匝换向 (18), 形成换向互通立交 (19), 所述左匝换向 (18) 为单层换向, 包括 坡道 (30)和换向 (25 ), 所述坡道 (30) 的一端和所述直通线 (49)连接, 另一端和所述换 向 (25 ) 连接。
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