WO2014059806A1 - 一种基于can总线的线控abs制动系统、控制方法 - Google Patents
一种基于can总线的线控abs制动系统、控制方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014059806A1 WO2014059806A1 PCT/CN2013/079404 CN2013079404W WO2014059806A1 WO 2014059806 A1 WO2014059806 A1 WO 2014059806A1 CN 2013079404 W CN2013079404 W CN 2013079404W WO 2014059806 A1 WO2014059806 A1 WO 2014059806A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
- B60T8/00—Arrangements for adjusting wheel-braking force to meet varying vehicular or ground-surface conditions, e.g. limiting or varying distribution of braking force
- B60T8/17—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking
- B60T8/174—Using electrical or electronic regulation means to control braking characterised by using special control logic, e.g. fuzzy logic, neural computing
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- the invention belongs to the technical field of automobile wire control, and particularly relates to a wire-controlled ABS braking system and a control method based on a CAN bus. Background technique
- the object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the control mode of the existing vehicle brake system adopts the logic threshold control algorithm has the problems of complicated control logic, difficult debugging, unstable control, and poor vehicle compatibility, and provides a CAN bus based method.
- the control method of the wire-controlled ABS brake system is to solve the problem that the control mode of the existing vehicle brake system adopts the logic threshold control algorithm has the problems of complicated control logic, difficult debugging, unstable control, and poor vehicle compatibility, and provides a CAN bus based method.
- the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is a control method of a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on a CAN bus, comprising the following steps:
- SO maps the system input slip rate error and the slip rate error rate of the fuzzy control system to its corresponding input domain, performs fuzzy quantization to obtain the fuzzy input quantity; maps the voltage value of the system output motor of the fuzzy control system To the corresponding output domain, perform fuzzy quantization to obtain the fuzzy output;
- the fuzzy control output is fuzzyly determined to accurately control the output
- PID controller for controlling the brake actuator.
- the control method of the line control system based on CAN bus of the invention is directed to the variable condition of the ABS system and the nonlinearity of the tire, adopts the fuzzy control method, does not need to establish an accurate mathematical model for the control object, and the response speed is fast, overshoot Small amount, with good robustness and flexibility.
- the performance of the fuzzy control method to eliminate the steady-state error of the system is relatively poor, and further combined with the PID control to achieve higher control accuracy.
- control brake actuator is: adjusting the power of the brake motor through a current loop PID controller Flow is controlled.
- the fuzzy input quantity and the fuzzy output quantity are converted by respective membership functions, and the membership function is a mean triangle function, and the triangular membership function
- the variable levels are all 5 levels.
- the fuzzy rule base used in the fuzzy rule inference is established based on a multi-input single-output fuzzy logic system, and the rules are:
- ⁇ ( , , ''" ) e f/ C r is the input to the multi-input single-output fuzzy logic system; yeWcR is the output of the multi-input single-output fuzzy logic system; and ⁇ is the fuzzy language value defined on the respective domain.
- the method of PID control is expressed as:
- K P , K I; K D are the proportional, integral and differential coefficients of the regulator, respectively
- E (k), E (k-1) are the expected deviation values for the kth and k-1 times, respectively.
- (k) is the output of the regulator at the kth time.
- Another object of the present invention is to solve the problem that the existing vehicle brake system has complicated control logic, difficult debugging, unstable control, and poor vehicle compatibility, and provides a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on CAN bus.
- the technical solution adopted to solve the technical problem of the present invention is a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on CAN bus, which includes:
- the master controller includes a conversion module, a fuzzy inference module, and a fuzzy decision module
- the slave controller includes a PID control module
- fuzzy quantization is performed to obtain the fuzzy input quantity; it is used to map the voltage value of the system output motor of the fuzzy control system to its corresponding output domain, and perform fuzzy quantization to obtain the fuzzy output; fuzzy reasoning a module, configured to perform fuzzy inference on the fuzzy input quantity according to the fuzzy rule, to obtain a corresponding fuzzy control output quantity;
- a fuzzy decision module configured to ambiguously determine the fuzzy control output quantity to accurately control the output quantity
- a PID control module configured to receive a precision output quantity of the fuzzy control module transmitted by the CAN network and convert the control output quantity into a target current value of the motor, and the PID control module controls the output according to the target current value of the motor Brake actuator.
- the brake actuator is an electric brake disposed on four wheels of the automobile, and the electric brake includes: a brake caliper body, a motor, a lead screw, a screw nut, and the motor drives the screw nut through the speed reduction mechanism Rotating, the screw nut drives the lead screw to perform the feed motion to achieve braking; the output shaft end of the motor is provided with a power-off brake.
- the outer end of the lead screw is provided with a butterfly spring.
- the electric brake provided by the invention enables the vehicle brake system to continuously utilize the maximum adhesion of the ground, and the vehicle has good compatibility, and at the same time avoids environmental pollution caused by leakage of hydraulic oil of the hydraulic brake system.
- 1 is a schematic flow chart of a general control procedure of a fuzzy control method
- FIG. 2 is a schematic flow chart of a control step of a control method of a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on a CAN bus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the division of the fuzzy domain and the design of the membership function of the input ( Xl , x 2 ) and the output (y) of the fuzzy control in the first embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the composition of a control system of a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on a CAN bus in Embodiment 2 of the present invention
- FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of an electric actuator of an actuator in a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on a CAN bus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention
- Fig. 7 is a structural schematic view showing a speed reduction mechanism of an electric actuator of an actuator in a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on a CAN bus according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
- the invention provides a control method of a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on a CAN bus, comprising the following steps: S0, mapping a system input slip rate error and a slip rate error change rate of a fuzzy control system to its corresponding input theory Domain, performing fuzzy quantization to obtain fuzzy input quantity; mapping the voltage value of the system output motor of the fuzzy control system to its corresponding output domain, performing fuzzy quantization to obtain the fuzzy output;
- the fuzzy control output is fuzzyly determined to accurately control the output
- the main control objective of the electromechanical brake system is to have the actual slip ratio S always follow the desired slip ratio during the entire braking process to produce the maximum road surface adhesion coefficient, so that it can be obtained under various road conditions. Better braking performance.
- fuzzy control has an important advantage. Because fuzzy control does not require the establishment of a mathematical model, it does not require prior knowledge of the mathematical model of the process.
- the general control step flow of the fuzzy control method is as shown in FIG. 1, and includes: a fuzzy quantization step of the control system input, a control rule processing step, and a fuzzy decision step, wherein
- Xi , X 2 the amount of blur after fuzzy quantization processing
- u the amount of control (accurate amount) obtained after the fuzzy decision
- the control method of the CAN bus-based wire-controlled ABS braking system of the embodiment includes The following five steps. The five steps will be described in detail below.
- Step S101 the main controller receives the measured values of the wheel speed and the vehicle speed sensor, and calculates the slip rate error X1 and the slip rate error change rate.
- the main controller receives the wheel speed value measured by the wheel speed sensor, and the body speed measured by the vehicle speed sensor calculates the slip ratio S according to the following formula:
- ⁇ is the body speed, m/s; is the actual angular velocity of the wheel, rad/s; r is the wheel rolling radius, m.
- the slip rate error and the slip rate error rate are calculated according to the following formula:
- the control principle of the vehicle ABS is to control the slip ratio S of the wheel near the optimal slip ratio S T to obtain a higher longitudinal and lateral adhesion coefficient to reduce the braking distance and ensure the directional stability of the vehicle when braking.
- Step 102 The main controller performs the above-calculated slip ratio error X1 and the slip ratio error change rate x 2 on the blur quantization process, and performs the fuzzy quantization process on the voltage value of the system output motor by the same method.
- the slip ratio error X1 and the slip rate error change rate described above are mapped to the respective input universes to obtain the fuzzy input amount and X 2 .
- the function is transformed into the fuzzy value of the input variable sum;
- the fuzzy output quantity U is obtained by the same method as the voltage value of the output motor of the system, and the membership function of the fuzzy output quantity U of the fuzzy controller also adopts the triangular membership function.
- the system inputs and the system output triangle membership functions have the same number of levels and are defined as needed.
- the variable ranks of the triangular membership functions are all 5 levels, and the membership functions of the input variables ⁇ and the output variable y are evenly distributed.
- Step 103 Perform fuzzy rule inference on the fuzzy input quantity and the fuzzy input quantity X 2 to obtain a fuzzy control output quantity U corresponding to the voltage value of the output domain motor.
- the fuzzy rules can be expressed as follows: R J '-if ⁇ ⁇ is and ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 is and and is then y J is B
- ⁇ is a fuzzy basis function
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) is a membership function value
- fuzzy rule inference is performed according to the characteristics of the input and output of the fuzzy system and the ABS control law, and 25 fuzzy control rules are established, as shown in Table 1.
- the fuzzy control rules are arranged in ascending order from left to right, for example, row 1 and column 1 are R 1 ; row 5 and column 5 are R 25 .
- the design principle of the control rule is: When the error is large, the control quantity should reduce the error as quickly as possible. When the error is small, in addition to eliminating the error, the stability of the system must also be considered to avoid unnecessary overshoot and oscillation. Specifically, when the error ⁇ is large, the output U should reduce the error as quickly as possible, and when the error 1 is small, the control of the output U is dominated, and the larger the x 2 is, the smaller the output U is.
- Step 104 The fuzzy control output quantity U is subjected to fuzzy determination to accurately control the output quantity 1!.
- the result obtained by fuzzy inference is a fuzzy set or membership function, but in the actual use of fuzzy logic control, a certain value must be used to control the servo mechanism.
- the fuzzy set obtained by reasoning the process of taking a single value that can represent the fuzzy set is called defuzzification or fuzzy decision.
- the method of fuzzy decision in this embodiment is as follows:
- a fuzzy system using single-point fuzzification, product inference, and weighted average fuzzy decision is expressed as:
- f :UcR n ⁇ K. corresponds to the point at which the maximum value is obtained.
- Step 105 Convert the above-mentioned precise control output u into a motor target current value, and send it to the PID control module through the CAN bus to perform closed-loop control on the actuator.
- the control table is obtained by the above process, and is placed in the fuzzy controller, corresponding to different actual slip rate errors and error change rates, and the output Y of the fuzzy controller can be obtained through the table, and the output quantity ⁇ is a percentage form. That is the amount of control of the motor.
- the actuator in this embodiment is an electric brake provided on four wheels and a motor for controlling the pressing force of the brake.
- the voltage value of the motor is converted into a target current value of the motor, and sent to the PID control module through the CAN bus to control the magnitude of the input current of the motor, thereby controlling the output torque of the motor, and then according to the output torque of the motor and the speed reduction mechanism.
- the transmission relationship thus controls the clamping force of the brake disc, and finally achieves an accurate and stable braking effect of the braking force on the wheel.
- the motor current is collected multiple times during the control cycle and the current loop PID closed-loop control of the motor is realized. The control process is shown in Fig. 4.
- K P , ⁇ ⁇ ; K D are the proportional, integral and differential coefficients of the regulator, E (k), E (k-1) The expected deviation values for the kth and k-1 times, respectively, P (k) is the output of the regulator at the kth time.
- the function of the proportional link is to react to the deviation of the signal instantaneously.
- the excessive ⁇ ⁇ will cause the system to oscillate and damage the stability of the system.
- the function of the integral link can eliminate the static error, it will also reduce the response speed of the system, increase the overshoot of the system, and even cause the system to have equal amplitude oscillation. The reduction can reduce the overshoot of the system, but it will slow down the system. Response process.
- the function of the differential link is to prevent the variation of the deviation, help to reduce the overshoot, overcome the oscillation, and stabilize the system, but it is sensitive to interference and is not conducive to the robustness of the system.
- the embodiment provides a control system for a wire-controlled ABS braking system based on a CAN bus, including:
- the main controller and the slave controller are included; wherein the main controller receives the signal of the sensor, and calculates the slip rate error and the slip rate error rate.
- Information about the master and slave controllers is passed through the controller area network (CAN).
- CAN controller area network
- the main controller includes a conversion module, a fuzzy inference module, and a fuzzy decision module, and the slave controller includes a PID control module, wherein
- a conversion module configured to map a system input slip rate error and a slip rate error change rate of the fuzzy control system to its corresponding input domain, perform fuzzy quantization to obtain a fuzzy input amount; and use the system output of the fuzzy control system The voltage value of the motor is mapped to its corresponding output domain, and fuzzy quantization is performed to obtain a fuzzy output;
- a fuzzy inference module configured to perform fuzzy inference on the fuzzy input quantity according to the fuzzy rule, and obtain a corresponding fuzzy control output quantity
- a fuzzy decision module configured to ambiguously determine the fuzzy control output quantity to accurately control the output quantity
- a PID control module configured to receive a precision output quantity of the fuzzy control module transmitted by the CAN network and convert the control output quantity into a target current value of the motor, and the PID control module controls the output according to the target current value of the motor Brake actuator.
- the brake actuator described above is an electric brake disposed on the four wheels of the automobile.
- the electric brake includes a caliper body 1 and a motor 7, and further includes a lead screw 3 and a screw nut 2, and the motor can pass
- the speed reduction mechanism 5 drives the screw nut 2 to rotate, and the screw nut drives the lead screw to perform a feed motion to achieve braking.
- a power loss brake 6 is provided at the end of the motor output shaft.
- a butterfly spring 4 is provided at the outer end of the screw.
- the electric brake 6 When the brake operation is performed, the electric brake 6 is energized, the motor 7 rotates the output torque, and the torque is transmitted to the screw nut 2 after being decelerated and increased by the speed reduction mechanism 5, and the screw nut 2 rotates to drive the screw 3 to feed the movement. .
- the butterfly spring 4 releases the pre-tightening pressure, and pushes the lead screw 3 for the feed motion, that is, The motor 7 and the butterfly spring 4 are coupled to each other to push the lead screw 3 for the feed motion.
- the lead screw 3 performs an axial feed motion, which pushes the friction plate to rub against the brake disc to generate a brake clamping force for braking.
- the preload of the butterfly spring 4 is released during braking, enabling braking with a large brake clamping force in a short response time.
- the motor 7 reversely drives the lead screw 3 to move, so that the butterfly spring 4 is in a compressed state, and controls the power-off brake 6 to suck and lock the output shaft of the motor 7, after the power-off brake 6 is engaged
- the rotation of the motor 7 is stopped to prevent the preload of the butterfly spring 4 from rotating in the reverse direction to maintain the preloading effect of the butterfly spring 4.
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Abstract
一种基于CAN总线的线控ABS制动系统的控制方法,该控制方法采用了滑移率误差和滑移率误差变化作为模糊输入量,采用系统输出电机的电压值作为模糊控制输出量,并且将模糊控制输出量模糊判决为精确控制输出量,将精确控制输出量转化为电机的目标电流值,通过CAN总线发送给PID控制器,用于控制制动执行机构。该控制方法针对ABS系统工况的多变及轮胎的非线性,采用模糊控制方法,不需要对控制对象建立精确数学模型,且响应速度快,超调量小,具有较好的鲁棒性和灵活性。同时针对模糊控制方法存在的消除系统稳态误差的性能比较差的确定,进一步结合PID控制达到较高的控制精度。还公开了采用该控制方法的控制系统。
Description
一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统、 控制方法
技术领域
本发明属于汽车线控技术领域, 具体涉及一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系 统、 控制方法。 背景技术
目前, 国内外大多数的车辆制动系统还是基于液压传能系统实现车辆制动, 控制 方式也多是使用逻辑门限值控制算法。 这种控制方式不涉及控制数学模型, 系统实时 响应速度快, 与其他控制方式相比有很大的优势。 但是它的控制逻辑复杂, 调试困难, 控制不够稳定, 其开关控制方式使制动系统不能连续利用地面的最大附着力, 而且这 种控制方式对车型兼容性不佳, 液压油泄露对环境的污染也是最大的缺点。 发明内容
本发明的目的是解决现有车辆制动系统采用逻辑门限值控制算法的控制方式存在 控制逻辑复杂、调试困难、控制不稳定、车型兼容性不好的问题,提供了一种基于 CAN 总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系 统的控制方法, 包括以下步骤:
SO , 将模糊控制系统的系统输入滑移率误差和滑移率误差变化率映射到其相应的 输入论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输入量; 将模糊控制系统的系统输出电机的电压 值映射到其相应的输出论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输出量;
S l, 对所述的模糊输入量进行模糊规则推理, 得到对应模糊控制输出量;
S2 , 将所述的模糊控制输出量模糊判决为精确控制输出量;
S3 , 将所述的精确控制输出量转换为电机的目标电流值, 通过 CAN 总线发送给
PID控制器, 用于控制制动执行机构。
本发明的基于 CAN总线的线控制动系统的控制方法针对 ABS系统工况的多变及 轮胎的非线性, 采用模糊控制方法, 不需要对控制对象建立精确数学模型, 且响应速 度快, 超调量小, 具有较好的鲁棒性和灵活性。 同时针对模糊控制方法存在的消除系 统稳态误差的性能比较差的确定, 进一步结合 PID控制达到较高的控制精度。
优选的, 所述的控制制动执行机构为: 通过电流环 PID控制器调节制动电机的电
流进行控制。
优选的, 在所述的模糊量化中, 所述的模糊输入量和所述的模糊输出量是通过各 自的隶属函数转化的, 所述的隶属函数为均三角函数, 所述的三角隶属函数的变量等 级均为 5级。
优选的, 所述的模糊规则推理所用的模糊规则库是基于多输入单输出模糊逻辑系 统建立的, 其规则为:
RJ '-if χι is and ·¾ is and and is then yJ is B
式中, 表示第 j条模糊规则; j=l, 2, ..., k是模糊规则数;
= ( , ,''" )ef/C r是多输入单输出模糊逻辑系统的输入; yeWcR是多输入 单输出模糊逻辑系统的输出; 和 ^是在各自论域上定义的模糊语言值。
优选的,
式中, f :UGR"→ ., 对应 取得最大值的点。 其中 0 = ( ^··, )Τ作为可 调参数向量; = ^2'··Ά)Τ是模糊基函数向量, ^ (^)是输出隶属函数值, '为 对应的控制输出量 f(x)的模糊子集论域值。
优选的, 所述的 PID控制的方法表示为:
k
P( k) =KpE(k) + E(j) + KD [E(k) E(k 1)]
j=o
其中, KP, KI; KD分别为调节器的比例、 积分和微分系数, E (k), E (k-1) 分别为第 k次和 k一 1次时的期望偏差值, P (k) 为第 k次时调节器的输出。
本发明的另一个目的是解决现有车辆制动系统存在控制逻辑复杂、 调试困难、 控 制不稳定、车型兼容性不好的问题, 提供了一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统。
解决本发明技术问题所采用的技术方案是一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系 统, 包括:
主控制器和从控制器; 所述的主控制器包括转换模块、 模糊推理模块、 模糊判决 模块, 所述的从控制器包括 PID控制模块, 其中
转换模块, 用于将模糊控制系统的系统输入滑移率误差和滑移率误差变化率映射
到其相应的输入论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输入量; 用于将模糊控制系统的系统 输出电机的电压值映射到其相应的输出论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输出量; 模糊推理模块, 用于对所述的模糊输入量根据模糊规则进行模糊推理, 得到对应 模糊控制输出量;
模糊判决模块, 用于将所述的模糊控制输出量模糊判决为精确控制输出量;
PID控制模块,用于接收经 CAN网络传递的所述的模糊控制模块中精确输出量并 转换为电机的目标电流值的控制输出量, 其 PID控制模块根据电机的目标电流值的控 制输出量控制制动执行机构。
优选的, 所述的制动执行机构为设置在汽车四轮上的电制动器, 所述的电制动器 包括: 制动钳体、 电机, 丝杠、 丝杠螺母, 电机通过减速机构驱动丝杠螺母旋转, 丝 杠螺母带动丝杠做进给运动实现制动; 电机输出轴端部设有失电制动器。
优选的, 丝杠外端设有蝶形弹簧。
本发明的提供的电制动器, 使车辆制动系统连续利用地面的最大附着力, 车型兼 容性较好, 同时避免了液压制动系统的液压油的泄漏对环境的污染。 附图说明
图 1为模糊控制方法的一般控制步骤流程示意图;
图 2为本发明实施例 1中基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法的控制 步骤流程示意图;
图 3为本发明实施例 1中模糊控制的输入 (Xl、 x2) 和输出 (y) 的模糊论域的划 分及隶属函数的设计图;
图 4为本发明实施例 1中电流环 PID调节控制的流程示意图;
图 5为本发明实施例 2中基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制系统组成示 意图;
图 6为本发明实施例 2中基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统中执行机构的电制 动器的结构示意图;
图 7为本发明实施例 2中基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统中执行机构的电制 动器的减速机构的结构示意图。
附图标记:
1. 制动钳体 2. 丝杠螺母 3. 丝杠 4. 蝶形弹簧
5. 减速机构 6. 失电制动器 7. 电机 71.连接板
8. 减速轮 9. 齿轮 具体实施方式
为使本领域技术人员更好地理解本发明的技术方案, 下面结合附图和具体实施方 式对本发明作进一步详细描述。
本发明提供一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法,包括以下步骤: S0, 将模糊控制系统的系统输入滑移率误差和滑移率误差变化率映射到其相应的 输入论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输入量; 将模糊控制系统的系统输出电机的电压 值映射到其相应的输出论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输出量;
Sl, 对所述的模糊输入量进行模糊规则推理, 得到对应模糊控制输出量;
52, 将所述的模糊控制输出量模糊判决为精确控制输出量;
53 , 将所述的精确控制输出量转换为电机的目标电流值, 通过 CAN 总线发送给 PID控制器, 用于控制制动执行机构。 实施例 1
电子机械式制动系统的主要控制目标是要在整个制动过程中让实际滑移率 S始终 跟随期望滑移率, 以产生最大的路面附着系数, 从而在各种不同路面情况下均能得到 较好的制动性能。
传统的自动控制控制器的综合设计都要建立在被控对象准确的数学模型 (即传递 函数模型或状态空间模型)的基础上, 但是在实际中, 很多系统的影响因素很多, 很难 找出精确的数学模型。 这种情况下, 模糊控制就有重要的优势。 因为模糊控制不用建 立数学模型不需要预先知道过程精确的数学模型。
鉴于 ABS系统工况的多变及轮胎的非线性的特点,尤其适合采用模糊控制方法进 行控制。 模糊控制方法的一般控制步骤流程如图 1所示, 包括: 控制系统输入的模糊 量化步骤, 控制规则处理步骤和模糊判决步骤, 其中
XI , x2 : 模糊控制的输入 (精确量);
Xi , X2: 模糊量化处理后的模糊量;
U: 经过模糊控制规则和近似推理后得出的模糊控制量;
u: 经模糊判决后得到的控制量 (精确量);
Y: 对象的输出。
如图 2所示, 本实施例的基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法, 包括
下述 5个步骤。 下面对该 5个步骤进行详细说明。
步骤 S101 , 主控制器接收轮速和车速传感器的测量值,计算滑移率误差 Xl和滑移 率误差变化率 。
主控制器接收轮速传感器测出的轮速值, 车速传感器测出的车身速度根据下述公 式计算滑移率 S:
其中, ω为车身速度, m/s; 为车轮的实际角速度, rad/s; r为车轮滚动半径, m。 并按下述公式计算滑移率误差和滑移率误差变化率:
车辆 ABS的控制原理是使车轮的滑移率 S控制在最佳滑移率 ST附近, 以获得较 高的纵向和横向附着系数减小制动距离, 保证汽车制动时的方向稳定性。
将上述计算得到的计算得到的滑移率误差 Xl和滑移率误差变化率 作为模糊控 制的输入。 步骤 102、 主控制器将上述计算得到的滑移率误差 Xl和滑移率误差变化率 x2进行 模糊量化处理, 将系统输出电机的电压值通过相同的方法进行模糊量化处理。
将上述的滑移率误差 Xl和滑移率误差变化率 , 映射到各自的输入论域上得到模 糊输入量 和 X2。
本实施例所建立的模糊控制对输入量 和 和输出变量的模糊化是这样实现的: 通过公式模糊量= (^^ ^-0&)/2]/[0&)/2], 其中 [a, b]为控制器输入变量 (Xl, x2) 的实际范围, [m, n]为模糊子集论域, 将实际输入量 和 转化到模糊子集论域中的 变量 和 ^ 再通过三角形隶属函数转化成输入变量 和 的模糊值; 将系统输出 电机的电压值通过相同的方法获得模糊输出量 U, 模糊控制器的模糊输出量 U的隶属 函数也采用三角形隶属函数。 系统输入和系统输出的三角形隶属函数的级数相同并且 根据需要定义。 本实施例中三角形隶属函数的变量等级均为 5级, 并且输入变量 ^和 和输出变量 y的隶属度函数是均匀分布的。
本实施例中系统输入 (Xl、 χ2 ) 和输出 (y) 模糊论域的划分及隶属函数的设计如 图 3所示, 其中, 模糊语言值 NB表示"负大", NS表示"负小", Z表示"适中", PS表 示"正小", PB表示"正大"。
步骤 103, 对上述模糊输入量 和模糊输入量 X2进行模糊规则推理, 得到对应 输出论域电机的电压值的模糊控制输出量 U。
一般地对于多输入单输出 MISO模糊逻辑系统 (FLS) 其模糊规则可以表示如下: RJ '-if χι is and ·¾ is and and is then yJ is B
式中,^表示第」'条模糊规则;」'=1,2,...,1^是模糊规则数; ^ .,¾)et/cR" 是 FLS的输入; yeW c ?是 FLS的输出; 和 是在各自论域上定义的模糊语言值。
此时, 定义模糊基函数为:
本实施例根据模糊系统的输入输出的特点和 ABS控制规律进行模糊规则推理,并 建立 25条模糊控制规则, 见表 1。
表 1 模糊控制规则表
在表 1中, 模糊控制规则按行从左向右升序排列, 例如第 1行第 1列为 R1; 第 5 行第 5列为 R25。控制规则的设计原则为: 当误差较大时, 控制量应当尽可能快地减少 误差, 当误差较小时, 除了消除误差外, 还必须考虑系统的稳定性, 以避免不需要的 超调和震荡。 具体为: 当误差 ^较大时, 输出量 U应尽可能快的减少误差, 而当误差 1较小时, 输出量 U的控制由 主导, x2越大, 输出量 U越小。
优选的, 目前系统中, 只使用了 Rl, R6, Rll, R12, R13, R14, R15, R20, R25共 9条控制规则。 步骤 104, 将上述模糊控制输出量 U经模糊判决为精确控制输出量1!。
通过模糊推理得到的结果是一个模糊集合或者隶属函数, 但在模糊逻辑控制的实 际使用中, 必须用一个确定的值才能去控制伺服机构。 在推理得到模糊集合中, 取一 个相对能代表这个模糊集合的单值的过程称为解模糊或者模糊判决。 本实施例中模糊 判决的方法如下:
采用单点模糊化、 乘积推理、 加权平均模糊判决的模糊系统表达为:
式中, f :UcRn→K., 对应 取得最大值的点。 其中 0 = ^^2,···, )Τ作为可 调参数向量; = ^2'··Ά)Τ是模糊基函数向量, ^^'(^)是输出隶属函数值, θ」为 对应的控制输出量 f(x)的模糊子集论域值。
通过上述模糊判决将上述模糊控制输出量 f 经模糊判决为为精确控制输出量 u。 步骤 105, 将上述的精确控制输出量 u转化为电机目标电流值, 通过 CAN总线发 送给 PID控制模块对执行机构进行闭环控制。
由上述过程求出控制表, 置于模糊控制器中, 对应不同的实际滑移率误差及其误 差变化率, 通过该表即可得到模糊控制器的输出量 Y, 输出量 Υ为百分比形式, 也就 是电机的控制量。 本实施例中的执行机构为设置在四个车轮上的电制动器和控制该制 动器压紧力的电机。
本实施例中的根据电机的电压值转化为电机的目标电流值,通过 CAN总线发送给 PID 控制模块控制电机输入电流的大小, 进而控制电机的输出转矩, 再根据电机的输 出扭矩和减速机构的传动关系, 从而控制制动盘的夹紧力, 最终达到车轮上制动力精 确、 稳定的制动效果。 在控制周期内多次采集电机电流并实现电机的电流环 PID闭环 控制, 控制过程见图 4。
本实施例中离散形式的 PID表达式为:
k
k) =KPE(k) + Κτ^ E(j) + KD [E(k) - E(k - 1)]
j=°
其中, KP, ΚΙ; KD分别为调节器的比例、 积分和微分系数, E (k), E (k-1)
分别为第 k次和 k一 1次时的期望偏差值, P (k) 为第 k次时调节器的输出。
比例环节的作用是对信号的偏差瞬间做出反应, Kp越大, 控制作用越强, 但过大 的 Κρ会导致系统振荡, 破坏系统的稳定性。 积分环节的作用虽然可以消除静态误差, 但也会降低系统的响应速度, 增加系统的超调量, 甚至使系统出现等幅振荡, 减小 可以降低系统的超调量, 但会减慢系统的响应过程。 微分环节的作用是阻止偏差的变 化, 有助于减小超调量, 克服振荡, 使系统趋于稳定, 但其对干扰敏感, 不利于系统 的鲁棒性。 实施例 2
如图 5所示,本实施例提供一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制系统, 包括:
包括主控制器和从控制器; 其中主控制器接收传感器的信号, 计算滑移率误差和 滑移率误差变化率。 主控制器和从控制器的信息通过控制器局域网 (CAN)进行传递。
所述的主控制器包括转换模块、 模糊推理模块、 模糊判决模块, 所述的从控制器 包括 PID控制模块, 其中
转换模块, 用于将模糊控制系统的系统输入滑移率误差和滑移率误差变化率映射 到其相应的输入论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输入量; 用于将模糊控制系统的系统 输出电机的电压值映射到其相应的输出论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输出量;
模糊推理模块, 用于对所述的模糊输入量根据模糊规则进行模糊推理, 得到对应 模糊控制输出量;
模糊判决模块, 用于将所述的模糊控制输出量模糊判决为精确控制输出量;
PID控制模块,用于接收经 CAN网络传递的所述的模糊控制模块中精确输出量并 转换为电机的目标电流值的控制输出量, 其 PID控制模块根据电机的目标电流值的控 制输出量控制制动执行机构。
上述的制动执行机构为设置在汽车四轮上的电制动器, 如图 6所示, 该电制动器 包括制动钳体 1、 电机 7, 还包括丝杠 3、 丝杠螺母 2, 电机可通过减速机构 5驱动丝 杠螺母 2旋转, 丝杠螺母带动丝杠做进给运动实现制动。 电机输出轴端部设有失电制 动器 6。 丝杠外端设有蝶形弹簧 4。
在进行制动操作时, 失电制动器 6通电, 电机 7正转输出力矩, 力矩经减速机构 5减速增矩后将力矩传递到丝杠螺母 2, 丝杠螺母 2旋转带动丝杠 3进给运动。 同时, 在失电制动器 6通电状态下, 蝶形弹簧 4释放预紧压力, 推动丝杠 3作进给运动, 即
电机 7和蝶形弹簧 4相耦合共同推动丝杠 3作进给运动。 丝杠 3作轴向进给运动, 推 动摩擦片与制动盘摩擦, 产生用于制动的制动夹紧力。 在制动过程中蝶形弹簧 4的预 紧力被释放, 实现了在较短的响应时间内以较大的制动夹紧力实现制动。制动完成后, 电机 7反转带动丝杠 3移动, 使蝶形弹簧 4处于压縮状态, 并控制失电制动器 6吸合 将电机 7的输出轴卡死, 在失电制动器 6吸合后停止电机 7的转动, 防止蝶形弹簧 4 的预紧力反向带动电机转动, 以保持蝶形弹簧 4的预压效果。
上述的减速机构的结构如图 7所示,其中电机轴 71上的齿轮 9将力矩传递给减速 轮 8后进行减速增矩。 可以理解的是, 以上实施方式仅仅是为了说明本发明的原理而采用的示例性实施 方式, 然而本发明并不局限于此。 对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言, 在不脱离本发 明的精神和实质的情况下, 可以做出各种变型和改进, 这些变型和改进也视为本发明 的保护范围。
Claims
1、一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法, 其特征在于, 包括以下 步骤:
S0, 将模糊控制系统的系统输入滑移率误差和滑移率误差变化率映射到其相应的 输入论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输入量; 将模糊控制系统的系统输出电机的电压 值映射到其相应的输出论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输出量;
S l, 对所述的模糊输入量进行模糊规则推理, 得到对应模糊控制输出量;
52 , 将所述的模糊控制输出量模糊判决为精确控制输出量;
53 , 将所述的精确控制输出量转换为电机的目标电流值, 通过 CAN 总线发送给 PID控制器, 用于控制制动执行机构。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法, 其特 征在于, 所述的控制制动执行机构为:
通过电流环 PID控制器调节制动电机的电流进行控制。
3、根据权利要求 1所述的基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法, 其特 征在于, 在所述的模糊量化中, 所述的模糊输入量和所述的模糊输出量是通过各自的 隶属函数转化的, 所述的隶属函数为均三角函数, 所述的三角隶属函数的变量等级均 为 5级。
4、根据权利要求 1所述的基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法, 其特 征在于, 所述的模糊规则推理所用的模糊规则库是基于多输入单输出模糊逻辑系统建 立的, 其规则为:
RJ '- if χι is and ·¾ is and and is then yJ is B
式中, R '表示第 j条模糊规则; j=l, 2, . .., k是模糊规则数;
= ( , ,· ··, ) ε ί/ ^ ^Τ是多输入单输出模糊逻辑系统的输入; y e W c R是多输入 单输出模糊逻辑系统的输出; 和 '是在各自论域上定义的模糊语言值。
5、根据权利要求 1所述的基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法, 其特 在于, 所述的模糊判决的方法为:
式中, f :UcRn→K., 对应 取得最大值的点, 其中 0 = ^^2,···, )Τ作为可 调参数向量; = ^2'··Ά)Τ是模糊基函数向量, ^^/(^^)是输出隶属函数值, ' 为对应的控制输出量 f(x)的模糊子集论域值。
6、根据权利要求 1所述的基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制方法, 其特 征在于, 所述的 PID控制的方法表示为:
k
P( k =KpE(k) + Kj E(j) + KD [E(k) E(k 1)]
其中, KP, KI; KD分别为调节器的比例、 积分和微分系数, E (k), E (k-1) 分别为第 k次和 k一 1次时的期望偏差值, P (k) 为第 k次时调节器的输出。
7、 一种基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制系统, 其特征在于, 包括主控 制器和从控制器; 所述的主控制器包括转换模块、 模糊推理模块、 模糊判决模块, 所 述的从控制器包括 PID控制模块, 其中
转换模块, 用于将模糊控制系统的系统输入滑移率误差和滑移率误差变化率映射 到其相应的输入论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输入量; 用于将模糊控制系统的系统 输出电机的电压值映射到其相应的输出论域, 进行模糊量化, 获得模糊输出量;
模糊推理模块, 用于对所述的模糊输入量根据模糊规则进行模糊推理, 得到对应 模糊控制输出量;
模糊判决模块, 用于将所述的模糊控制输出量模糊判决为精确控制输出量;
PID控制模块,用于接收经 CAN网络传递的所述的模糊控制模块中精确输出量并 转换为电机的目标电流值的控制输出量, 其 PID控制模块根据电机的目标电流值的控 制输出量控制制动执行机构。
8、根据权利要求 7所述的基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制系统, 其特 征在于, 所述的制动执行机构为设置在汽车四轮上的电制动器, 所述的电制动器包括:
制动钳体、 电机, 丝杠、 丝杠螺母, 电机通过减速机构驱动丝杠螺母旋转, 丝杠螺母 带动丝杠做进给运动实现制动; 电机输出轴端部设有失电制动器。
9、根据权利要求 8所述的基于 CAN总线的线控 ABS制动系统的控制系统, 其特 征在于: 丝杠外端设有蝶形弹簧。
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| CN102862559B (zh) * | 2012-10-16 | 2015-04-08 | 奇瑞汽车股份有限公司 | 一种基于can总线的线控abs制动系统、控制方法 |
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| CN112579966B (zh) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-05-14 | 天津所托瑞安汽车科技有限公司 | Abs参考车速的计算方法、装置、电子设备和介质 |
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| CN108021022A (zh) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-05-11 | 吉林省农业机械研究院 | 一种拖拉机后置式三点悬挂装置及其控制方法 |
| CN108021022B (zh) * | 2018-01-31 | 2024-02-20 | 吉林省农业机械研究院 | 一种拖拉机后置式三点悬挂装置及其控制方法 |
| CN109855454B (zh) * | 2019-03-22 | 2024-01-16 | 吉林大学 | 一种自动调节换热面积的换热器的流量调节方法 |
| CN109855454A (zh) * | 2019-03-22 | 2019-06-07 | 吉林大学 | 一种新型自动调节换热面积的换热器及流量调节方法 |
| CN114488776A (zh) * | 2022-01-11 | 2022-05-13 | 北京经纬恒润科技股份有限公司 | 一种汽车电动尾门控制器 |
| CN114488776B (zh) * | 2022-01-11 | 2023-06-16 | 北京经纬恒润科技股份有限公司 | 一种汽车电动尾门控制器 |
| EP4261089A1 (en) | 2022-04-12 | 2023-10-18 | Dellner Bubenzer AB | Brake system for a rail vehicle |
| WO2023198416A1 (en) | 2022-04-12 | 2023-10-19 | Dellner Bubenzer Ab | Brake system for a rail vehicle |
| CN115556727A (zh) * | 2022-10-08 | 2023-01-03 | 江苏大学 | 一种基于最佳滑移率的emb车辆abs模糊控制方法 |
| CN119561969A (zh) * | 2024-11-25 | 2025-03-04 | 北京工业大学 | 一种基于NC-Link协议通讯的机床自适应控制方法 |
| CN119561969B (zh) * | 2024-11-25 | 2025-09-09 | 北京工业大学 | 一种基于NC-Link协议通讯的机床自适应控制方法 |
| CN119282853A (zh) * | 2024-12-06 | 2025-01-10 | 国鲸科技(广东横琴粤澳深度合作区)有限公司 | 一种显示器边框辅助加工系统 |
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| CN102862559B (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
| CN102862559A (zh) | 2013-01-09 |
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