Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/0002—Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
  • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
  • A61B5/33—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG] specially adapted for cooperation with other devices
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
  • A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
  • A61B2560/0431—Portable apparatus, e.g. comprising a handle or case
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
  • A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
  • A61B2560/0443—Modular apparatus
  • A61B2560/045—Modular apparatus with a separable interface unit, e.g. for communication
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2560/00—Constructional details of operational features of apparatus; Accessories for medical measuring apparatus
  • A61B2560/04—Constructional details of apparatus
  • A61B2560/0456—Apparatus provided with a docking unit
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B2562/00—Details of sensors; Constructional details of sensor housings or probes; Accessories for sensors
  • A61B2562/18—Shielding or protection of sensors from environmental influences, e.g. protection from mechanical damage
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/01—Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
  • A61B5/0205—Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
  • A61B5/021—Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/08—Measuring devices for evaluating the respiratory organs
  • A61B5/087—Measuring breath flow
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/14532—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/145—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue
  • A61B5/14542—Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
  • A61B5/316—Modalities, i.e. specific diagnostic methods
  • A61B5/318—Heart-related electrical modalities, e.g. electrocardiography [ECG]
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
  • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
  • A61B5/74—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient; User input means
  • A61B5/742—Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient; User input means using visual displays

Definitions

• the subject matter described herein relates to a medical sensor cradle for providing isolated power, isolated communication, and display capabilities to a modular array of physiological sensor devices.
• Electronic equipment and signal and power transmission lines can be subjected to voltage surges induced by electrostatic discharge, radio frequency transmissions, switching pulses (spikes) and perturbations in power supply.
• a circuit can also incorporate high voltages by design, in which case it needs safe, reliable means of interfacing its high-voltage components with low-voltage ones.
• Electrical isolation is a safety issue for medical sensors as they are often in close contact with a patient. Medical sensors without proper power or communication isolation can provide electrical shocks to the wearer of the sensor. Additionally, medical sensors may experience high voltage spikes caused by medical procedures such as electrosurgery (ESU) and cardiac defibrillation, which can damage the medical sensors and related equipment.
• An electrical-isolator can prevent high voltages or rapidly changing voltages on one side of a circuit from damaging components or distorting transmissions on the other side.
• IEC 60601 is a series of technical standards for the safety and effectiveness of medical electrical equipment, published by the International Electrotechnical Commission. IEC 60601 is a widely accepted benchmark for medical electrical equipment and compliance with IEC60601-1 has become a de-facto
• MIB Medical Information Bus
• MIB is another communication standard that suffers from drawbacks. This standard although it has isolation consumes too much power and has not been well adopted in the industry.
• MIB defines a standard means of connectivity between medical devices and hospital host computers. Typically, the devices can include patient monitors, infusion pumps, ventilators, pulse oximeters and other devices used in operating rooms, intensive care units and emergency rooms. MIB is intended to enable data communications in the acute care environment. MIB is defined by an emerging family of ANSI/IEEE 1073 standards.
• a system comprises a communication module, a plurality of isolators, and a hub.
• Each isolator is connected to a port configured to connect to a sensor measuring at least a physiological parameter of a patient.
• the hub is connected to at least a local host, the communication module, and the plurality of isolators.
• the isolators provide electrical isolation between the hub and the ports.
• the hub is configured to receive data from two or more sensors being connected to two or more ports and provide the received data to at least the local host.
• a method comprises receiving first data on a plurality of sensor ports, determining a destination of the received data, and transmitting the first received data to the destination.
• Each sensor port is connected to a sensor and electrically isolated.
• the sensors monitor physiological parameters of a patient.
• the first received data characterizes the physiological parameters.
• the destination is selected from a group consisting of: at least one of the plurality of sensors and a host.
• a system comprises a communication module, a plurality of isolators, and a hub.
• Each isolator is connected to a port configured to connect to a sensor measuring at least a physiological parameter of a patient.
• the hub is connectable to at least a local host, the communication module, and the plurality of isolators.
• the isolators provide electrical isolation between the hub and the ports.
• the hub is configured to receive data from two or more sensors being connected to two or more ports and provide the received data to at least the local host.
• the communication module can be wireless.
• the local host can be a mobile device configured to display at least the provided data.
• the system can further include a host port and the local host can be connected to the host port.
• the ports can be Universal Serial Bus (USB) standard.
• the ports can be Medical Information Bus (MIB) standard.
• the local host can be configured to derive data from the provided data and display the derived data.
• the hub can be configured to provide data received from one sensor to a second sensor.
• the hub can be configured to provide data received from the local host to a sensor.
• the communication module can transmit the provided data to a second host, the second host being an external host.
• the communication module can receive second data from a second host, the second host being an external host.
• the system can be simultaneously connected to a local host and an external host.
• the external host can be a real time view station.
• the external host can be a detachable mobile device.
• the mobile device can derive data from the provided data and display at least one of the derived data and the provided data.
• At least one of the sensors can be measuring a physiological parameter of the patient, the sensor can be selected from a group consisting of: electrocardiogram (EKG), blood oxygen sensor (Sp02), temperature sensor, non-invasive blood pressure sensor, invasive blood pressure sensor, carbon dioxide sensor, carbon monoxide sensor, electroencephalography (EEG) sensor, blood glucose sensor, and respiration sensor.
• EKG electrocardiogram
• Sp02 blood oxygen sensor
• Sp02 blood oxygen sensor
• temperature sensor non-invasive blood pressure sensor
• invasive blood pressure sensor invasive blood pressure sensor
• carbon dioxide sensor carbon dioxide sensor
• carbon monoxide sensor electroencephalography (EEG) sensor
• blood glucose sensor and respiration sensor.
• the system can further comprising a battery configured to provide electrical energy to at least the communication module.
• the system can further comprise a power adaptor configured to provide electrical power to at least the communication module.
• the wireless communication module can be selected from a group consisting of: WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular, wireless USB, zigbee, mesh network, RFID, and near-field communication.
• the system can operate on or less than about 2.5 watts of power.
• the external host can process the provided data, the processing selected from a group consisting of: displaying, storing, and transmitting.
• the method can further comprise receiving second data from the host and providing the received second data to at least one sensor using the respective sensor port.
• the method can further comprise providing the first received data to a host using a host port.
• the method can further comprise transmitting the first received data to an external host wirelessly.
• the provided first received data can be processed, the processing can be selected from a group consisting of: displaying, storing, and transmitting.
• Articles of manufacture are also described that comprise computer executable instructions permanently stored (e.g., non-transitorily stored, etc.) on computer readable media, which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform operations herein.
• computer systems are also described that may include a processor and a memory coupled to the processor. The memory may temporarily or permanently store one or more programs that cause the processor to perform one or more of the operations described herein.
• methods can be implemented by one or more data processors either within a single computing system or distributed among two or more computing systems.
• the cradle can provide for an interface between commercially available and/or custom components, which cannot currently be combined without creating a custom system, to create a physiological parameter monitoring system with measurement, display, and processing capabilities for a plurality of physiological parameters.
• Using off the shelf components can allow for design, development, and production costs to be reduced.
• the monitoring system enabled by the cradle can be modular in terms of the parameters that are measured (e.g., can monitor electrocardiogram (ECG) and/or blood oxygen saturation level, depending on which sensors are connected to the cradle), the processing that is performed on the parameters (e.g., storage, display, alarm detection, etc.), and the user interface (e.g., can easily change the size of the display based on the physiological parameters being measured and the type of data to be displayed).
• ECG electrocardiogram
• the processing that is performed on the parameters e.g., storage, display, alarm detection, etc.
• the user interface e.g., can easily change the size of the display based on the physiological parameters being measured and the type of data to be displayed.
• the modularity allows for a cost effective creation of a custom physiological parameter measuring system.
• FIG. 1 is a system diagram of an isolated medical sensor cradle;
• FIG. 2 is an illustration showing an example mobile device configured as a host;
• FIG. 3A is an illustration showing an external front view of an example cradle
• FIG. 3B is an illustrations showing an external top view of the example cradle.
• FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram illustrating a process for determining the destination of data received from a plurality of sensors and providing the data.
• FIG. 1 is a system diagram 100 of an isolated medical sensor cradle
• the hub 108 can be connected to a wireless communication module 110.
• the hub 108 is connected to a host port 115.
• a hub e.g., hub 108 expands a single port (e.g., the host port 115) into several (e.g., the plurality of ports 114;) so that there are more ports available to connect devices to the host 106.
• At least the wireless communication module 110 can be connected to a battery 116, and the cradle 102 can be connected to a power adapter 118.
• the cradle 102 can additionally contain memory 120.
• the cradle 102 can attach to a plurality of medical sensors 104; (e.g., physiological monitoring devices).
• the medical sensors 104 measure and acquire physiological parameters.
• the parameters can include, but are not restricted to, electrocardiogram (EKG), Blood Oxygen (Sp02), temperature, non-invasive blood pressure ( IBP), invasive blood pressure (IBP), Carbon Dioxide (C02), Carbon Monoxide (CO), electroencephalography (EEG), blood glucose, and respiration.
• the medical sensors 104 can include processors, memory, digital electronics, etc.
• the medical sensors 104 are the primary interface to a patient's body. They acquire and process the physiological parameters and pass them through each of the isolated communications channels.
• the wireless communication module 110 can additionally contain a processor and can control and provides a communication channel for the data transfer between the cradle 102 and the host 106.
• Cradle 102 can contain memory 120 to buffer the physiological data in the event of a loss of communication ability with host 106.
• Each medical sensor 104 can be considered self contained and perform data processing algorithms prior to sending data to the cradle 102.
• the hub 108, ports 114; and host port 115 can be implemented using any number of data communication standards, such as, but not limited to, the USB standard or the MIB standard.
• a UART could be used to implement the data communications.
• the isolator 112i is a device designed to transfer electrical signals to provide coupling with electrical isolation between its input and output.
• the main purpose of an isolator is to prevent high voltages or rapidly changing voltages on one side of the circuit from damaging components or distorting transmissions on the other side.
• the isolator 112 can be an optical isolator, magnetic isolator, capacitive isolator or another suitable isolator.
• the isolator can be an integrated circuit housing both a communication isolation and power isolation or any combination of both.
• the cradle 102 can connect using the host port 115 to the host 106.
• the host 106 can be a mobile device such as a smart phone or tablet.
• the mobile device can run one of a variety of operating systems, for example Android, iOS, WinCE and Linux.
• the host 106 can be detachable and can include a storage device, which records the physiological parameter data for subsequent data processing and analysis.
• An example of post processing analysis would be full arrhythmia ECG processing, which is processing that may not be required to be performed in real time. Additionally, the host 106 can be a real time view station.
• the host 106 can display physiological parameter data received from the medical sensors 104; through the cradle 102.
• FIG. 2 is an illustration 200 showing an example mobile device 205 configured as an host.
• the device is displaying physiological parameter data received from the medical sensors 104; via the cradle 102.
• Physiological parameter data can include, for example, ECG 210, Sp02 220, NIBP 230, and temperature 240. Additionally, data derived from the physiological parameter data can also be displayed such as the heart rate 215, blood oxygen saturation level 225, and respiration data 235.
• the processing to derive the data can be performed either at a medical sensor 104; or on the host 106.
• the host 106 can connect to the cradle 102 via the host connecter 115 or wireless connection (i.e., use the cradle's wireless communication module 110 to connect wirelessly).
• the host 106 can, rather than using host port 115, connect to the cradle 102 wirelessly using the wireless communications module 110.
• the host 106 in this configuration can be referred to as an external host, whereas a host physically connected using the host port 115 can be referred to as a local host.
• the two or more hosts can provide for similar display, interaction, and processing.
• the host 106 user interface enables a user to interact with the physiological parameter data. For example, a user can scroll through the time dimension of the ECG waveform 210 of FIG. 2 and zoom in and out to inspect the displayed data.
• the user interface also enables the user to interact with the medical sensors 104;.
• a user can control functionality of a particular medical sensor 104i, such as instructing the medical sensor 104i to perform a measurement.
• the isolated USB power and communications channels can be bidirectional to allow communication between medical sensors 104i, cradle 102, and host 106. Therefore, the cradle 102 can support two-way data transfer between host 106 and medical sensor 104;. Additionally, the cradle 102 can support two-way data transfer between two or more medical sensors 104;. For example, a QRS synchronization signal can be sent from an ECG monitor to another connected device or ancillary equipment such as a balloon pump. The balloon pump can time its inflation and deflation based on the QRS synchronization signal.
• the cradle 102 also provides an isolated power supply and data communications interface to the physiological monitoring devices. This allows for adherence to the IEC 60601 standard. Since the standard is a de-facto requirement for many markets, the cradle 102 can ensure compliance.
• the medical sensors 104 do not need to have the isolation capabilities integrated into the medical sensors 104; and thus a wide variety of medical sensors 104; can be used.
• the wireless communication module 110 can be based on any acceptable wireless communication technology such as, for example, WiFi, Bluetooth, cellular, wireless USB, Zigbee, mesh network, RFID, and near-field communication.
• Wireless charging technology can be used in place of the power adapter 118.
• Short distance power transmission is usually based on the principle of magnetic induction. With this technology, power can be transferred when the receiver is close to the transmitter.
• the cradle can include a wireless power receiver and can be charged by being in physical proximity to a wireless power transmitter.
• the wireless charging technology can follow the Wireless Power Consortium's Qi low power standard.
• the Qi low power standard can delivering up to 5 Watts into wireless power receivers. Other wireless power standards are possible.
• the cradle 102 is small, portable, and, due to the integrated battery 116, does not need to have a constant power source. Therefore, the cradle 102 can be used in an ambulating environment.
• the cradle 102 and sensors 104 can use host 106 resources. If the host 106 contains a battery then the battery of the host can be used to power the cradle 102 and medical sensors 104;. Further, a dedicated battery pack can be attached to the cradle 102 to increase the length of operation between charges. If the host 106 has a wireless module, then that wireless module can be used instead of or in addition to the cradle wireless communication module 1 10. For example, if the wireless communication module 1 10 was a WiFi radio, a host with a cellular wireless radio can be used as a LAN to WAN bridge, allowing internet access via a cellular connection. The data transmitted can be encrypted for privacy and HIPAA requirements by the processor in the wireless communications module 1 10.
• the cradle 102 can be used as a standalone device, without requiring the host 106 to be connected to the cradle to provide display and user interface. This can be advantageous to allow the medical sensors 104; to communicate among themselves while no display or additional processing of the data is required. Additionally, the host 106 can be replaced without significant interruption to the system (also known as "hot plugging"). For example, a smart phone can be disconnected and replaced by a tablet or laptop computer without significantly interrupting the processing. This can be desirable when additional data interaction and/or analysis is to be performed or when a larger display screen is required.
• the host 106 can be connected to the cradle 102 using the host port 115 and then disconnected from the host port 115 and the connection can be re-established using the wireless communications module 110 allowing a physician to take the host 106 and monitor the patient's physiological parameters remotely.
• FIG. 3A is an illustration 300 showing an external front view of an example cradle 102.
• FIG. 3B is an external top view of the example cradle 102.
• the cradle 102 is connected to an host 106 via an host port 115.
• the host 106 is displaying ECG and Sp02 waveform physiological parameter data.
• Four USB ports 114 1 , 114 2 , 114 3 , and 114 4 are placed such that sensor cables can be inserted.
• Four corresponding medical sensors 104i, 104 2 , 104 3 , and 104 4 are connected to their respective USB ports.
• the example cradle 102 can run on 2.5 Watts (i.e., one standard USB power load). 100 to 200 mW of power can be provided for each of four (4) pluggable sensors. Since the isolators may only be 50% efficient, each of the channels will take a maximum of 400 mW from the battery. This means the four medical sensors 104;
• the combined can draw up to 1.5 Watts of power.
• the remaining 1 Watt provides power to the wireless module 110, USB hub 108, and for charging the battery 116.
• the 2.5 Watt power load corresponds to the USB 2.0 standard.
• Different underlying data communication standards, such as later versions of the USB standard, can have higher maximums.
• FIG. 4 is a process flow diagram 400 illustrating a process for determining the destination of data received from a plurality of medical sensors 104; and providing the data.
• data is received on a plurality of ports 114; from physiological parameter sensors.
• the ports 114 can include USB, MIB, or another standard of data communication.
• Each port 114;, is electrically isolated.
• the parameters can include but are not restricted to ECG, Sp02, temperature, Invasive Blood Pressure (IBP), Carbon Dioxide (C02), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Electroencephalography (EEG), blood glucose, respiration, and NIB P.
• IBP Invasive Blood Pressure
• C02 Carbon Dioxide
• CO Carbon Monoxide
• EEG Electroencephalography
• the destination can include a local or external host 106, memory 120 in cradle or another medical sensor 104;.
• the data is transmitted to the destination. The transmission can be performed using a host port 115, isolated port 114;, or a wireless communication module 110.
• data can be received from a host 106, the data can be received using a host port 115 or wirelessly.
• the data received from the host can be provided to at least one of the plurality of medical sensors 104; using the corresponding port 114;.
• Various implementations of the subject matter described herein may be realized in digital electronic circuitry, integrated circuitry, specially designed ASICs (application specific integrated circuits), computer hardware, firmware, software, and/or combinations thereof. These various implementations may include implementation in one or more computer programs that are executable and/or interpretable on a
• programmable system including at least one programmable processor, which may be special or general purpose, coupled to receive data and instructions from, and to transmit data and instructions to, a storage system, at least one input device, and at least one output device.
• the subject matter described herein may be implemented on a computer having a display device (e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube), LCD (liquid crystal display), light emitting diode (LED), organic LED, electrophoretic, and/or 3D monitor) for displaying information to the user and a keyboard and a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or a trackball) by which the user may provide input to the computer.
• a display device e.g., a CRT (cathode ray tube), LCD (liquid crystal display), light emitting diode (LED), organic LED, electrophoretic, and/or 3D monitor
• a keyboard and a pointing device e.g., a mouse or a trackball
• feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input (including gesture and multi-touch capability).
• feedback provided to the user may be any form of sensory feedback (e.g., visual feedback, auditory feedback, or tactile feedback); and input from the user may be received in any form, including acoustic, speech, or tactile input (including gesture and multi-touch capability).
• the subject matter described herein may be implemented in a computing system that includes a back-end component (e.g., as a data server), or that includes a middleware component (e.g., an application server), or that includes a front- end component (e.g., a client computer having a graphical user interface or a Web browser through which a user may interact with an implementation of the subject matter described herein), or any combination of such back-end, middleware, or front-end components.
• the components of the system may be interconnected by any form or medium of digital data communication (e.g., a communication network). Examples of communication networks include a local area network ("LAN”), a wide area network (“WAN”), and the Internet.
• LAN local area network
• WAN wide area network
• the Internet the global information network
• the computing system may include clients and servers.
• a client and server are generally remote from each other and typically interact through a
• client and server arises by virtue of computer programs running on the respective computers and having a client-server relationship to each other.

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Cited By (15)

Citations (3)

• 2012
  • 2012-09-26 WO PCT/US2012/057251 patent/WO2014051563A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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