WO2014050696A1 - ポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルムおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルムおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014050696A1 WO2014050696A1 PCT/JP2013/075297 JP2013075297W WO2014050696A1 WO 2014050696 A1 WO2014050696 A1 WO 2014050696A1 JP 2013075297 W JP2013075297 W JP 2013075297W WO 2014050696 A1 WO2014050696 A1 WO 2014050696A1
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- film
- drying roll
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2329/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Derivatives of such polymer
- C08J2329/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated alcohols
- C08J2329/04—Polyvinyl alcohol; Partially hydrolysed homopolymers or copolymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol polymer film (hereinafter, “polyvinyl alcohol polymer” may be abbreviated as “PVA”), a production method thereof, an optical film such as a polarizing film produced from the PVA film, and The invention relates to a method for producing the optical film.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol polymer film
- optical film such as a polarizing film produced from the PVA film
- a polarizing plate having a light transmission and shielding function is an important component of a liquid crystal display (LCD) together with a liquid crystal having a light switching function.
- LCD liquid crystal display
- the field of application of this liquid crystal display device is also used in small devices such as calculators and wristwatches in the early days of development, notebook computers, liquid crystal monitors, liquid crystal color projectors, liquid crystal televisions, in-vehicle navigation systems, mobile phones, and measurements used indoors and outdoors. It has been extended to a wide range of devices, especially for LCD monitors and LCD TVs.
- a polarizing plate is usually a method of unwinding and uniaxially stretching a long PVA film wound in a roll shape, and then dyeing the unrolled PVA film by uniaxial stretching.
- a polarizing film is produced by a method of performing a fixing treatment with a boron compound, a method of performing a fixing treatment simultaneously with dyeing in any of the above methods, and a cellulose triacetate film on one or both sides of the polarizing film obtained thereby. It is manufactured industrially by attaching a protective film such as an acetic acid / butyric acid cellulose film.
- the PVA film which has the retardation difference between two points 1 cm apart in the width direction of the film is known.
- a specific PVA film having a variation in thickness per mm in the width direction of the film in a specific range is known as a polarizing film having uniform optical performance even in a large area (see Patent Document 3). ).
- the angle between the flow direction and the optical axis is in the range of 70 to 110 °, and the width A specific PVA film (see Patent Document 5) having a thickness direction retardation of 15 to 90 nm at the center of the direction, and a wider polarizing film with reduced neck-in in the uniaxial stretching process and high polarization As a polarizing film showing performance is obtained, the direction to be uniaxially stretched when manufacturing the polarizing film and the optical axis
- Patent Document 6 There are known specific PVA films (see Patent Document 6) having an angle of 0 to 20 ° and a retardation of 50 to 150 nm.
- a PVA film comprising a specific skin layer / core layer / skin layer is known as one that gives a stretched film in which uniform stretching is possible and generation of fine cracks and voids is suppressed when stretched ( (See Patent Document 7).
- Patent Document 7 a film-forming stock solution containing 50 to 90% by mass of PVA is heated with a first drying roll, and at the same time hot air is applied to the PVA film surface not in contact with the first drying roll under predetermined conditions.
- the volatile content rate reaches 15 to 30% by mass
- the PVA film is peeled off from the first drying roll and brought into contact with the second drying roll and dried.
- the peripheral speed of the first drying roll ( S 1) and method for producing a PVA film of the ratio of the peripheral speed of the second drying roll (S 2) a (S 2 / S 1) to 1.000 to 1.100 are described.
- the present invention provides a PVA film that can produce an optical film such as a polarizing film with reduced color spots even when the light transmittance is high or when a backlight having higher strength is used, and so on.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a PVA film capable of producing a continuous and smooth PVA film with good productivity.
- Another object of the present invention is to provide an optical film such as a polarizing film produced using the PVA film, and a method for producing the optical film.
- the alignment axes at two adjacent measurement positions are measured when the alignment axes in the plane of the PVA film are measured at a pitch of 20 mm in the width direction of the film.
- the light transmittance is high or a backlight with higher strength is used. It has also been found that a polarizing film with reduced color spots can be obtained.
- the PVA film with a small average value of the said angle in all the two adjacent measurement positions was used, it discovered that the said color spot was reduced more.
- the present inventors sequentially dried with the three or more drying rolls to form a film.
- the volatile content of the PVA film when peeling from the first drying roll is 20 to 40% by mass
- the ratio of the peripheral speed of the second drying roll to the peripheral speed of the first drying roll is a specific numerical value.
- the volatile content ratio of the PVA film is 10 mass from the drying roll (x-th dry roll) when the volatile content ratio of the PVA film is 20 mass% in the second drying roll or the drying roll downstream thereof.
- the present inventors have further studied based on the above findings to complete the present invention. That is, the present invention [1] When the orientation axis in the plane of the film is measured at a pitch of 20 mm in the width direction of the film, an angle formed by the orientation axes at two adjacent measurement positions (however, is in the range of 0 to 90 °).
- any one PVA film [5] The PVA film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the width is 2 m or more, [6] A method for producing a PVA film, (A) Using a film-forming apparatus provided with three or more drying rolls whose rotation axes are parallel to each other, a film-forming stock solution containing PVA is formed into a film on a first drying roll located on the most upstream side of the drying rolls.
- the PVA film of the present invention is used as a raw material, it is possible to produce an optical film such as a polarizing film in which color spots are reduced even when the light transmittance is high or a backlight having higher strength is used. it can. Moreover, the PVA film of this invention which has the above-mentioned outstanding characteristic can be continuously manufactured with sufficient productivity with the manufacturing method of the PVA film of this invention. Furthermore, in the optical film of the present invention, color spots of a type different from the color spots that have been regarded as problems in the past are reduced.
- the present invention is described in detail below.
- the PVA film of the present invention has an angle formed by the orientation axes at two adjacent measurement positions when the orientation axes in the plane of the film are measured at a pitch of 20 mm in the width direction of the film (however, within the range of 0 to 90 °). Is 2.3 ° or less at all two adjacent measurement positions. That is, when the maximum value of said angle at all two adjacent measurement positions and [Delta] Z max, PVA film of the present invention is the [Delta] Z max is 2.3 ° or less.
- a conventional PVA film has a high ⁇ Z max , and a polarizing film manufactured using the PVA film, and thus a polarizing plate, has been regarded as a problem in the past, particularly when the light transmittance is high or a backlight having a higher strength is used, and an improvement is attempted. There was a problem that different types of color spots were noticeable.
- the PVA film of the present invention has a ⁇ Z max of 2.3 ° or less, which is different from the conventional PVA film. If such a PVA film of the present invention is used as a raw fabric, an optical film such as a polarizing film with reduced color spots is produced even when the light transmittance is high or a backlight having higher strength is used. can do.
- the maximum absolute value of the tilt angle with respect to the length direction of the long axis of the birefringence ellipsoid is 5 degrees or less, and the local change rate of the tilt angle (arbitrary 5 cm)
- the PVA film whose optical axis inclination angle within the width range is 1 degree or less is described, even if the local change rate of the inclination angle is 1 degree or less as in Patent Document 1, the patent According to Document 1, the maximum value ( ⁇ Z max ) of the angles formed by the alignment axes at all two adjacent measurement positions when measuring the alignment axis in the plane of the film at a pitch of 20 mm in the width direction of the film is within the above range.
- the PVA film of the present invention is different from the PVA film described in Patent Document 1 at least in this respect.
- ⁇ Z max exceeds 2.3 °, color spots become a problem in the obtained optical film.
- ⁇ Z max is preferably 2.2 ° or less, more preferably 2.0 ° or less, further preferably 1.9 ° or less, and 1.8 °. It is particularly preferred that In addition, since the productivity of the PVA film having a too small ⁇ Z max may be reduced in the production thereof, the ⁇ Z max is, for example, 0.3 ° or more.
- the orientation axis in the plane of the film means a slow axis in the plane of the film, and is determined by the orientation state of the PVA molecules at the measurement position of the orientation axis.
- the orientation axis can be measured based on light (for example, light having a wavelength of 590 nm) traveling in a direction perpendicular to the film surface (the thickness direction of the film) using a birefringence measuring device or a cell gap measuring device. Specifically, it can be measured by the method described later in the examples.
- a plurality of positions determined to have a pitch of 20 mm in the width direction of the film are set as measurement positions of the orientation axis.
- the width direction of the film is a direction (TD) in the plane of the film perpendicular to the length direction of the film.
- MD machine flow direction
- the length direction of the film usually coincides with the direction in which the PVA film should be uniaxially stretched when producing an optical film such as a polarizing film, and the direction in the plane of the film perpendicular to the length direction is the width direction.
- the direction to be uniaxially stretched when manufacturing an optical film such as a polarizing film is the length direction of the film, and the direction in the plane of the film perpendicular thereto is the width direction. do it.
- the measurement pitch of the orientation axis is 20 mm in the width direction of the film. If the measurement pitch is made larger than this, even if the maximum value of the angles formed by the alignment axes at two adjacent measurement positions is reduced, it will not lead to the reduction of the type of color spots that are a problem in the present invention. Conversely, even if the measurement pitch is made smaller than this and the maximum value of the angles formed by the alignment axes at two adjacent measurement positions is reduced, ⁇ Z max when the measurement pitch is 20 mm pitch is stipulated by the present invention. The color spots are not necessarily within the corresponding range, and if the ⁇ Z max when the measurement pitch is 20 mm is out of the range corresponding to the definition of the present invention, the above-mentioned color spots cannot be reduced.
- the method for determining the measurement position of the orientation axis is not particularly limited.
- one measurement position is determined at the center in the width direction of the film, and the measurement positions are sequentially arranged at a pitch of 20 mm from the measurement position toward both ends in the width direction. You just have to decide.
- region less than 20 mm toward the width direction center part from the width direction both ends can be excluded as a measurement position.
- a measurement position is determined according to the above-described determination method for a PVA film having a width of 2020 mm, first, one measurement position is determined at the center in the width direction. Next, the measurement position is sequentially determined at a pitch of 20 mm from the measurement position toward one end in the width direction.
- the 50th point has a distance from one end in the width direction of 10 mm. Since it is located in an area of less than 20 mm from the both ends in the width direction toward the center in the width direction, it is excluded from the measurement position, and finally 49 measurement positions are determined. Similarly, 49 measurement positions are determined from the measurement position at the center in the width direction toward the other end in the width direction. A total of 99 points (1 point + 49 points + 49 points) determined in this way can be set as the measurement position of the orientation axis.
- the angle which the orientation axes in two adjacent measurement positions make from the orientation axes measured in each measurement position is calculated
- the angle formed by the orientation axes at two adjacent measurement positions is in the range of 0 to 90 °. That is, when the two orientation axes are parallel, the angle is 0 °, and when the orientation axes are perpendicular, the angle is 90 °. In other cases, the acute angle is the orientation axis. This is the angle between them.
- the average value ( ⁇ Z ave ) of the angles at all two adjacent measurement positions is 0 with respect to the angle formed by the orientation axes at the two adjacent measurement positions obtained as described above. It is preferably 6 ° or less, more preferably 0.58 ° or less, and further preferably 0.56 ° or less.
- the lower limit of the [Delta] Z ave is not particularly limited, since the PVA film [Delta] Z ave is too small, which may decrease the productivity in the production, it is preferred that [Delta] Z ave is 0.01 ° or more, 0.
- the angle is more preferably at least 05 °, and further preferably at least 0.1 °.
- the retardation value at the measurement position of the orientation axis is preferably in the range of 5 to 100 nm at all measurement positions.
- a PVA film satisfying such conditions is improved in stretchability and improved in polarizing performance when a polarizing film is produced.
- the retardation value at the measurement position of the orientation axis is more preferably 10 nm or more, and even more preferably 15 nm or more at all measurement positions. It is especially preferable that it is 20 nm or more.
- the retardation value at the measurement position of the orientation axis is more preferably 70 nm or less, and further preferably 50 nm or less at all measurement positions.
- an angle formed by the orientation axis at at least one of the measurement positions of the orientation axis and the length direction of the PVA film is 45 to 90 °. It is preferable that A PVA film satisfying such conditions is improved in stretchability and improved in polarizing performance when a polarizing film is produced. From the viewpoint of the stretchability of the PVA film and the polarization performance of the polarizing film, the angle formed by the orientation axis and the length direction of the PVA film at at least one of the measurement positions of the orientation axis is 70 to 90 °. Is more preferably 80 to 90 °.
- each of the above-described ⁇ Z max , ⁇ Z ave , retardation value, and angle formed by the orientation axis and the length direction of the PVA film correspond to one arbitrarily set straight line in the film width direction.
- % Is preferable more preferably 80% or more, and even more preferably 95% or more.
- the physical properties in the length direction usually do not fluctuate so much, so if each of the above explanations is on one straight line in the width direction of the film set arbitrarily.
- each of the above explanations corresponds to one straight line in any width direction of the film.
- the thickness of the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but if it is too thick, drying when producing an optical film such as a polarizing film is difficult to be performed quickly, whereas if it is too thin, it is difficult to produce an optical film. Since the film tends to break during uniaxial stretching, it is preferably in the range of 5 to 150 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 20 to 120 ⁇ m, and still more preferably in the range of 50 to 80 ⁇ m. .
- the width of the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited, in recent years, liquid crystal televisions and monitors have become larger in screen, so that they can be effectively used for them, preferably 2 m or more. More preferably. Moreover, when manufacturing an optical film such as a polarizing film with a realistic production machine, if the width of the film is too wide, uniform uniaxial stretching may be difficult, so the width of the PVA film is 8 m or less. It is preferable.
- the length of the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited, but a more uniform PVA film can be continuously and smoothly manufactured, and is also used continuously when an optical film is manufactured using the PVA film. Therefore, it is preferably in the range of 5 to 50,000 m, more preferably in the range of 100 to 20,000 m.
- a PVA produced by saponifying a polyvinyl ester polymer obtained by polymerizing a vinyl ester can be used.
- the vinyl ester include vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl valelate, vinyl laurate, vinyl stearate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl pivalate, vinyl versatate, and the like.
- vinyl esters vinyl acetate is preferable from the viewpoints of availability, cost, ease of production of PVA, and the like.
- the above-mentioned polyvinyl ester polymer is preferably obtained using only one or two or more kinds of vinyl esters as a monomer, and obtained using only one kind of vinyl ester as a monomer. Is more preferable, but it may be a copolymer of one or more vinyl esters and other monomers copolymerizable therewith.
- Examples of such other monomers copolymerizable with vinyl ester include ethylene; olefins having 3 to 30 carbon atoms such as propylene, 1-butene and isobutene ( ⁇ -olefins); acrylic acid or a salt thereof.
- Acrylic acid esters such as octadecyl acrylate; methacrylic acid or salts thereof; methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n-propyl methacrylate, i-propyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, i-butyl methacrylate, methacrylic acid t-butyl, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, methacryl Methacrylic acid esters such as dodecyl and octadecyl methacrylate; acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide, N-ethylacryl
- the proportion of structural units derived from the other monomers in the polyvinyl ester polymer is 15 mol% or less based on the number of moles of all structural units constituting the polyvinyl ester polymer. Preferably, it is 5 mol% or less.
- the above PVA may be modified with one or two or more types of graft copolymerizable monomers.
- the graft copolymerizable monomer include unsaturated carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof; unsaturated sulfonic acids or derivatives thereof; ⁇ -olefins having 2 to 30 carbon atoms, and the like.
- the proportion of structural units derived from the graft copolymerizable monomer in PVA is preferably 5 mol% or less based on the number of moles of all structural units constituting PVA.
- the above PVA may have a part of its hydroxyl group cross-linked or not cross-linked. Moreover, said PVA may react with aldehyde compounds, such as acetaldehyde and a butyraldehyde, etc. to form an acetal structure, and the said PVA does not react with these compounds and does not form an acetal structure. May be.
- aldehyde compounds such as acetaldehyde and a butyraldehyde, etc.
- the degree of polymerization of PVA is not particularly limited, but is preferably 500 or more, more preferably 1,000 or more, and 1,500 or more from the viewpoint of film strength and durability of the obtained optical film. More preferably, it is particularly preferably 2,000 or more. On the other hand, if the degree of polymerization is too high, it tends to lead to an increase in production cost and poor processability during film formation. Therefore, the degree of polymerization of PVA is preferably 10,000 or less, and is 9,000 or less. More preferably, it is more preferably 8,000 or less, and particularly preferably 7,000 or less.
- the polymerization degree of PVA as used in this specification means the average polymerization degree measured according to description of JIS K6726-1994.
- the saponification degree of PVA is not particularly limited, but the saponification degree of PVA is preferably 95 mol% or more, and 98 mol% or more from the viewpoint of optical performance and durability of the optical film produced from the obtained PVA film. It is more preferable that it is 99 mol% or more, and it is especially preferable that it is 99.2 mol% or more.
- the degree of saponification of PVA refers to the total number of moles of structural units (typically vinyl ester units) that can be converted into vinyl alcohol units by saponification and the vinyl alcohol units of PVA. The proportion (mol%) occupied by the number of moles of vinyl alcohol units.
- the degree of saponification of PVA can be measured according to the description of JIS K6726-1994.
- PVA which forms the PVA film of the present invention one type of PVA may be used alone, or two or more types of PVA having different types of modification, modification rate, degree of polymerization, degree of saponification and the like may be used in combination. Also good.
- the PVA film has an acidic functional group such as a carboxyl group or a sulfonic acid group.
- PVA having a group PVA having an acid anhydride group; PVA having a basic functional group such as an amino group; and neutralizing the PVA having a functional group that promotes a crosslinking reaction.
- the PVA film preferably contains neither PVA having an acidic functional group, PVA having an acid anhydride group, PVA having a basic functional group, or a neutralized product thereof.
- PVA produced by saponifying a polyvinyl ester polymer obtained by using only vinyl ester as a monomer, and / or only vinyl ester and ethylene and / or olefin having 3 to 30 carbon atoms It is more preferable to include only PVA produced by saponifying a polyvinyl ester polymer obtained using a monomer, and as a PVA, a polyvinyl ester system obtained using only a vinyl ester as a monomer PVA produced by saponifying the polymer and / or vinyl ester and ethyl That is more preferably containing only PVA produced by saponifying a polyvinyl ester polymer obtained by using a monomer N'nomi.
- the manufacturing method of the PVA film of the present invention is not particularly limited, the PVA film of the present invention is (A) Using a film-forming apparatus provided with three or more drying rolls whose rotation axes are parallel to each other, a film-forming stock solution containing PVA is formed into a film on a first drying roll located on the most upstream side of the drying rolls.
- the volatile content of the PVA film when peeling from the first drying roll is 20 to 40% by mass;
- the ratio (S 2 / S 1 ) of the peripheral speed (S 2 ) of the second drying roll to the peripheral speed (S 1 ) of the first drying roll is set to 1.015 to 1.050;
- the ratio (S n + 1 / S n ) of (S n + 1 ) is 0.992 to 0.999 for all;
- the PVA film has a volatile content of 20% by mass to 10% by mass between two adjacent drying rolls. Since the ratio of the peripheral speeds is set to a specific range of less than 1.000, this improves the uniformity in the width direction in the obtained PVA film, and the PVA film of the present invention can be continuously smoothly with good productivity. It is thought that it is manufactured.
- a film-forming stock solution containing PVA can be prepared by mixing PVA with a liquid medium to form a solution, or by melting a PVA chip containing the liquid medium or the like to form a melt. Melting of PVA in a liquid medium and melting of a PVA chip containing the liquid medium can be performed using a stirring mixer, a melt extruder, or the like.
- the liquid medium used in this case include water, dimethyl sulfoxide, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, N-methylpyrrolidone, ethylenediamine, and diethylenetriamine. These liquid media can be used alone. Moreover, you may use 2 or more types together. Among these, water, dimethyl sulfoxide, or a mixture of both are preferably used, and water is more preferably used.
- the film forming stock solution preferably contains a plasticizer.
- a PVA film containing a plasticizer can be obtained by using a film-forming stock solution containing a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer polyhydric alcohol is preferably used, and examples thereof include ethylene glycol, glycerin, diglycerin, propylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, trimethylolpropane and the like.
- a plasticizer may be used individually by 1 type, or may use 2 or more types together. Among these, one or more of glycerin, diglycerin and ethylene glycol are preferably used because they are excellent in the effect of improving stretchability.
- the content of the plasticizer is preferably 0 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 3 to 25 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA.
- the content of the plasticizer is 30 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA, the handleability of the obtained PVA film is improved.
- the film-forming stock solution preferably contains a surfactant.
- a PVA film containing a surfactant can be obtained by using a film-forming stock solution containing a surfactant.
- the type of the surfactant is not particularly limited, but an anionic surfactant or a nonionic surfactant is preferably used.
- anionic surfactant for example, a carboxylic acid type such as potassium laurate, a sulfate type such as octyl sulfate, and a sulfonic acid type anionic surfactant such as dodecylbenzene sulfonate are suitable.
- Nonionic surfactants include, for example, alkyl ether types such as polyoxyethylene oleyl ether, alkylphenyl ether types such as polyoxyethylene octylphenyl ether, alkyl ester types such as polyoxyethylene laurate, and polyoxyethylene.
- Alkylamine type such as laurylamino ether, alkylamide type such as polyoxyethylene lauric acid amide, polypropylene glycol ether type such as polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene ether, alkanolamide type such as oleic acid diethanolamide, polyoxyalkylene allylphenyl
- An allyl phenyl ether type nonionic surfactant such as ether is preferred. These surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 1 part by weight, more preferably 0.02 to 0.5 part by weight, and more preferably 0.05 to 0.3 part by weight based on 100 parts by weight of PVA. More preferably, it is part by mass.
- the surfactant content is 0.01 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass of PVA, stretchability and dyeability are improved.
- the handleability of a PVA film improves because content of surfactant is 1 mass part or less with respect to 100 mass parts of PVA.
- Film-forming stock solutions are stabilizers (antioxidants, UV absorbers, heat stabilizers, etc.), compatibilizers, blocking inhibitors, flame retardants, antistatic agents, lubricants, dispersants, fluidizers, antibacterial agents, etc. These various additives may be included. These additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the volatile fraction of the film-forming stock solution used for producing the PVA film is preferably in the range of 50 to 90% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 55 to 80% by mass.
- the volatile fraction is 50% by mass or more, it is possible to suppress the viscosity from becoming excessively high, and the film forming property is improved.
- the volatile fraction is 90% by mass or less, the thickness uniformity of the obtained PVA film is improved.
- the volatile content rate of the film-forming stock solution as used in this specification means the volatile content rate calculated
- A ⁇ (Wa-Wb) / Wa ⁇ ⁇ 100 [i] [In the formula, A is the volatile fraction (% by mass) of the film-forming stock solution, Wa is the mass (g) of the film-forming stock solution, and Wb is the film-forming stock solution of Wa (g) in an electrothermal dryer at 105 ° C. for 16 hours. The mass (g) after drying is shown. ]
- the number of drying rolls is preferably 4 or more, more preferably 5 to 30. .
- a 1st drying roll what is located in the uppermost stream side among the said drying rolls is called a 1st drying roll, and about a remaining drying roll, it is a 2nd drying roll and a 3rd drying in order toward a downstream from a 1st drying roll.
- the drying roll is preferably made of, for example, a metal such as nickel, chromium, copper, iron, stainless steel, and the roll surface is particularly resistant to corrosion and is made of a metallic material having a specular gloss. More preferred.
- a drying roll plated with a single layer or a combination of two or more layers such as a nickel layer, a chromium layer, and a nickel / chromium alloy layer.
- the film forming apparatus used in the present invention may have a hot air oven type hot air drying apparatus, a heat treatment apparatus, a humidity control apparatus, etc., if necessary, following the drying roll.
- the film-forming stock solution For discharging the film-forming stock solution into a film on the first drying roll of the film-forming apparatus, for example, a known film-like discharging apparatus such as a T-type slit die, hopper plate, I-die, lip coater die, etc.
- a known film-like discharging apparatus such as a T-type slit die, hopper plate, I-die, lip coater die, etc.
- the film-forming stock solution is discharged (cast) into a film form on the first drying roll.
- the liquid containing PVA discharged in the form of a film on the first drying roll is dried on the first drying roll to remove a part of the volatile components contained therein (partial drying), and the volatile content rate of the PVA film Is peeled off from the first drying roll when the amount reaches 20 to 40% by mass.
- the volatile fraction of the PVA film when peeling from the first drying roll is preferably 21% by mass or more, more preferably 22% by mass or more, and further preferably 23% by mass or more.
- the volatile fraction of the PVA film when peeling from the first drying roll is preferably 30% by mass or less, more preferably 28% by mass or less, and further preferably 27% by mass or less.
- the volatile fraction of the PVA film or PVA film referred to in the present specification refers to a volatile fraction obtained by the following formula [ii].
- B ⁇ (Wc ⁇ Wd) / Wc ⁇ ⁇ 100 [ii]
- Wc the mass (g) of the sample taken from the PVA film or PVA film
- Wd the sample Wc (g) at a temperature of 50 ° C.
- the mass (g) when put in a vacuum dryer having a pressure of 0.1 kPa or less and dried for 4 hours is shown.
- the volatile content of the PVA film or PVA film can be obtained by measuring the amount of water (water content) contained in the PVA film or PVA film.
- the surface temperature of the first drying roll is preferably 80 to 120 ° C., and preferably 85 to 105 ° C. from the viewpoint of drying uniformity and drying speed. Is more preferable, and the temperature is more preferably 93 to 99 ° C.
- the surface temperature of the first drying roll is 120 ° C. or less, foaming of the film can be more effectively suppressed, and when it is 80 ° C. or more, the drying efficiency on the first drying roll is improved. .
- the peripheral speed (S 1 ) of the first drying roll is preferably 8 to 25 m / min, preferably 10 to 23 m / min from the viewpoints of drying uniformity, drying speed, and productivity of the PVA film. Is more preferably 12 to 22 m / min.
- the partial drying on the first drying roll of the film-forming stock solution containing the PVA discharged in the form of a film may be performed only by the heat from the first drying roll, but the first drying roll is simultaneously heated with the first drying roll.
- the film surface that is not in contact with the film hereinafter referred to as “first drying roll non-contact surface”, and the film surface on the side in contact with the first drying roll opposite to this is sometimes referred to as “first drying roll contact surface”. It is preferable from the viewpoints of drying uniformity, drying speed, and the like to perform drying by spraying hot air on the both sides of the PVA film.
- hot air with a wind speed of 1 to 10 m / sec is blown over the entire area of the first dry roll non-contact surface. It is preferable to blow hot air with a wind speed of 2 to 8 m / sec, and it is more preferable to blow hot air with a wind speed of 3 to 8 m / sec. If the wind speed of the hot air blown onto the non-contact surface of the first drying roll is too low, condensation such as water vapor occurs during drying on the first drying roll, and the water droplets are dropped on the PVA film and finally obtained. Defects are likely to occur. On the other hand, when the wind speed of the hot air blown on the non-contact surface of the first drying roll is too high, thickness spots are generated in the finally obtained PVA film, and troubles such as stained spots easily occur.
- the temperature of the hot air sprayed on the non-contact surface of the first drying roll of PVA is preferably 50 to 150 ° C., more preferably 70 to 120 ° C., from the viewpoint of drying efficiency, drying uniformity, and the like. More preferably, it is -95 ° C.
- the dew point temperature of the hot air blown on the non-contact surface of the first drying roll of the PVA film is preferably 10 to 15 ° C. If the temperature of the hot air sprayed on the non-contact surface of the first drying roll of the PVA film is too low, drying efficiency, drying uniformity and the like are likely to be lowered, while if too high, foaming is likely to occur.
- the method for blowing hot air to the non-contact surface of the first drying roll of the PVA film is not particularly limited, and hot air having a uniform wind speed and uniform temperature is applied to the non-contact surface of the PVA film, preferably the entire surface thereof. Any of the methods that can be sprayed uniformly can be employed, and among them, a nozzle method, a current plate method, or a combination thereof is preferably employed. Even if the blowing direction of the hot air to the first dry roll non-contact surface of the PVA film is a direction facing the first dry roll non-contact surface, the circumferential shape of the first dry roll non-contact surface of the PVA film is almost the same. It may be the direction along (direction substantially along the circumference of the roll surface of the first drying roll) or the other direction.
- the PVA film when the PVA film is dried on the first drying roll, it is preferable to exhaust the volatile matter generated from the PVA film by drying and the hot air after spraying.
- the exhaust method is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to employ an exhaust method that does not cause wind speed spots and temperature spots of the hot air sprayed on the non-contact surface of the first drying roll of the PVA film.
- the PVA film dried to a volatile content rate of 20 to 40% by mass on the first drying roll is peeled off from the first drying roll, and this time further dried with a drying roll after the second drying roll.
- the ratio (S 2 / S 1 ) of the peripheral speed (S 2 ) of the second drying roll to the peripheral speed (S 1 ) of the first drying roll is in the range of 1.015 to 1.050, and 1.020 Is preferably in the range of ⁇ 1.048, more preferably in the range of 1.023 to 1.046, and even more preferably in the range of 1.025 to 1.045.
- the ratio (S 2 / S 1 ) is less than 1.020, the peelability of the PVA film from the first drying roll is deteriorated and the uniformity in the width direction of the film is impaired.
- ⁇ Z max tends to deviate from the range corresponding to the definition of the present invention.
- the surface temperature of all the drying rolls is preferably 80 ° C. or higher, more preferably 83 ° C. or higher, and 85 ° C. or higher. More preferably it is.
- the surface temperature of these drying rolls is preferably 95 ° C. or lower, more preferably 92 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 90 ° C. or lower.
- the drying roll when the volatile content of the PVA film is 20% by mass is referred to as the xth drying roll, and the volatile content of the PVA film is 10% by mass.
- the drying roll at this time is called the y-th drying roll
- the peripheral speed of the upstream drying roll (S) between the two adjacent drying rolls between the x-th drying roll and the y-th drying roll (S n peripheral speed of drying roll downstream relative) ratio S n + 1) (S n + 1 / S n)
- ratio S n + 1) S n + 1 / S n
- the peripheral speed of the sixth drying roll with respect to the peripheral speed (S 5 ) of the fifth drying roll.
- the ratio (S n + 1 / S n ) is preferably 0.993 or more, more preferably 0.994 or more, and 0.995 or more. Is more preferable. Similarly, from the viewpoint of uniformity in the width direction, it is preferable that the ratio (S n + 1 / S n ) is 0.998 or less.
- the volatile content of the PVA film is reduced on the drying roll, but when the volatile content is 20% by mass or 10% by mass between two adjacent drying rolls, the downstream side of them
- the drying rolls will be referred to as the x-th drying roll or the y-th drying roll, respectively.
- the second drying roll is referred to as the x-th drying roll.
- the ratio (S y / S x ) of the circumferential speed (S y ) of the y-th drying roll to the circumferential speed (S x ) of the x-th drying roll can further improve the uniformity in the width direction. It is preferably within the range of 940 to 0.990, more preferably within the range of 0.955 to 0.985, and even more preferably within the range of 0.960 to 0.980.
- the number of drying rolls existing between the x-th drying roll and the y-th drying roll can further improve the uniformity in the width direction, it is four or more including the x-th drying roll and the y-th drying roll. Preferably, it is 6 or more, more preferably 8 or more, and preferably 20 or less.
- the surface temperature of all drying rolls (including the x-th drying roll and the y-th drying roll) existing between the x-th drying roll and the y-th drying roll is preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and 62 ° C. or higher. More preferably, it is more preferably 65 ° C. or higher. Moreover, it is preferable that the surface temperature of these drying rolls is 85 degrees C or less, It is more preferable that it is 82 degrees C or less, It is further more preferable that it is 80 degrees C or less.
- a PVA film having a lower volatile content can be obtained by further drying the PVA membrane dried by the y-th drying roll with the subsequent drying roll.
- the surface temperature of the drying roll downstream from the y-th drying roll is preferably in the range of 60 to 85 ° C, more preferably in the range of 62 to 82 ° C, and in the range of 65 to 80 ° C. More preferably, the final drying roll, or the drying roll close to the final and the final drying roll, may be used as a heat treatment roll with a higher surface temperature.
- the surface temperature is preferably in the range of 90 to 140 ° C., more preferably in the range of 95 to 130 ° C.
- the direction of the PVA film with respect to each drying roll is not particularly limited, but since the PVA film can be dried more uniformly, the front and back surfaces in any part of the PVA film Are preferably dried so as to alternately face each drying roll from the first drying roll to the final drying roll.
- the ratio (S L / S 1 ) of the peripheral speed (S L ) of the final drying roll to the peripheral speed (S 1 ) of the first drying roll is not particularly limited, but is within the range of 0.900 to 1.100. Is more preferable, preferably in the range of 0.950 to 1.050, more preferably in the range of 0.980 to 1.020, and in the range of 0.990 to 1.010. Is particularly preferred. Of the ratios of the peripheral speeds between two adjacent drying rolls, the ratios of the peripheral speeds of the downstream drying rolls to the peripheral speeds of the upstream drying rolls are, for example, 0. It can be in the range of 980 to 1.020, and further in the range of 0.990 to 1.010.
- the PVA film obtained by the above-described drying treatment can be subjected to a humidity conditioning treatment, if necessary, and wound into a roll with a predetermined length to obtain the PVA film of the present invention.
- a humidity conditioning treatment if necessary, and wound into a roll with a predetermined length to obtain the PVA film of the present invention.
- both ends (ears) in the width direction of the PVA film are cut and removed. May be.
- the volatile content of the PVA film finally obtained by the series of treatments described above is preferably in the range of 1 to 5% by mass, and more preferably in the range of 2 to 4% by mass.
- optical films such as a polarizing film with which color spots were reduced, are manufactured. Since it can be used, it is preferable to use it as a raw material when producing an optical film.
- the optical film include a polarizing film and a retardation film.
- dyeing, uniaxial stretching, fixing treatment, drying treatment, and further if necessary Heat treatment may be performed.
- the order of dyeing and uniaxial stretching is not particularly limited, and dyeing may be performed before uniaxial stretching, dyeing may be performed simultaneously with uniaxial stretching, or dyeing may be performed after uniaxial stretching.
- steps such as uniaxial stretching and dyeing may be repeated a plurality of times.
- Examples of the dye used for dyeing the PVA film include iodine or a dichroic organic dye (for example, DirectBlack 17, 19, 154; DirectBrown 44, 106, 195, 210, 223; DirectRed 2, 23, 28, 31, 37, 39. 79, 81, 240, 242, 247; DirectBlue 1, 15, 22, 78, 90, 98, 151, 168, 202, 236, 249, 270; DirectViolet 9, 12, 51, 98; DirectGreen 1, 85; Direct Yellow 8, 12, 44, 86, 87; dichroic dyes such as Direct Orange 26, 39, 106, 107) can be used. These dyes may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Dyeing can usually be performed by immersing the PVA film in a solution containing the dye, but the treatment conditions and treatment method are not particularly limited.
- Uniaxial stretching of the PVA film may be performed by either a wet stretching method or a dry heat stretching method.
- a wet stretching method When uniaxially stretching by a wet stretching method, it may be uniaxially stretched in warm water containing boric acid, may be uniaxially stretched in a solution containing the above-described dye or in the fixing treatment bath described later, or after water absorption
- the PVA film may be uniaxially stretched in air, or may be uniaxially stretched by other methods.
- the stretching temperature during the uniaxial stretching treatment is not particularly limited, but when the PVA film is stretched in warm water (wet stretching), it is preferably 30 to 90 ° C, more preferably 40 to 70 ° C, and still more preferably 45 to 65 ° C.
- the stretching ratio of uniaxial stretching is preferably stretched as much as possible from the point of polarization performance until just before the film is cut, and specifically 4 times or more. It is preferably 5 times or more, more preferably 5.5 times or more.
- the upper limit of the stretching ratio is not particularly limited as long as the film is not broken, but is preferably 8.0 times or less in order to perform uniform stretching.
- the draw ratio in this specification is based on the length of the film before extending
- the thickness of the stretched film (polarizing film) is preferably 5 to 35 ⁇ m, more preferably 20 to 30 ⁇ m.
- uniaxial stretching a long PVA film there is no particular limitation on the direction of uniaxial stretching, and uniaxial stretching or lateral uniaxial stretching in the length direction can be adopted, but a polarizing film that is superior in polarization performance can be obtained.
- Uniaxial stretching in the length direction can be performed by changing the peripheral speed between the rolls using a stretching apparatus including a plurality of rolls parallel to each other.
- lateral uniaxial stretching can be performed using a tenter type stretching machine.
- a fixing treatment in order to strengthen the adsorption of the dye to the uniaxially stretched film.
- the fixing treatment include a method of immersing the film in a fixing treatment bath to which a boron compound such as boric acid or borax is added. In that case, you may add an iodine compound in a fixed treatment bath as needed.
- the film subjected to uniaxial stretching or uniaxial stretching and fixing treatment is then subjected to a drying treatment (heat treatment).
- the temperature of the drying treatment (heat treatment) is preferably in the range of 30 to 150 ° C., more preferably in the range of 50 to 140 ° C. If the temperature of the drying treatment (heat treatment) is too low, the dimensional stability of the obtained polarizing film tends to be lowered, while if too high, the polarizing performance is likely to deteriorate due to the decomposition of the dye.
- the polarizing film obtained as described above can be made into a polarizing plate by attaching a protective film that is optically transparent and has mechanical strength to both sides or one side.
- a protective film in this case, a cellulose triacetate (TAC) film, an acetic acid / cellulose butyrate (CAB) film, an acrylic film, a polyester film, or the like is used.
- a PVA adhesive agent, a urethane adhesive agent, etc. are mentioned, Among these, a PVA adhesive agent is preferable.
- the polarizing plate obtained as described above can be used as a component of a liquid crystal display device after being coated with a pressure-sensitive adhesive such as acrylic and then attached to a glass substrate. When the polarizing plate is bonded to the glass substrate, a retardation film, a viewing angle improving film, a brightness improving film, or the like may be bonded.
- ⁇ Z max , ⁇ Z ave of the PVA film, the retardation value, the angle formed by the orientation axis and the length direction of the PVA film, the color spots of the polarizing film, and the evaluation results of the polarization performance are It calculated
- region less than 20 mm toward the width direction center part from the width direction both ends was excluded from the measurement position.
- Each measurement position was determined at the center of the tape-shaped sample in the machine flow direction (20 mm from each end in the machine flow direction). Then, the orientation axis and retardation value in the plane of the film at each measurement position (total of 149 points) are measured at a wavelength of 590 nm that proceeds in a direction perpendicular to the film plane using “KOBRA-WFD” manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd.
- the above ⁇ Z max and ⁇ Z ave were obtained from the orientation axis data at each measurement position, and the minimum and maximum values were obtained from the retardation value data at each measurement position.
- the angle which the orientation axis in the measurement position of the width direction center part of the said film and the length direction (MD) of a PVA film make was calculated
- a polarizing plate for observation (using a polarizing film having a transmittance of about 43%) is placed on a surface light source (backlight) in the color spot dark room of the polarizing film, and this polarizing light for observation is placed thereon.
- the polarizing film produced so that it might become crossed Nicol with respect to the board was mounted.
- the polarizing film is irradiated with light from the backlight through the polarizing plate for observation (luminance 15,000 cd), the polarizing film is visually observed from a position 1 m above the polarizing film, and based on the following criteria.
- the color spots of the polarizing film were evaluated by sensory evaluation.
- Polarization performance of polarizing film (a) Measurement of transmittance (Y) From the central part in the width direction of the polarizing film obtained in each of the following Examples or Comparative Examples, a square of 4 cm in the length direction and 4 cm in the width direction is used. Two samples were taken. With respect to one sample, the light transmittance when the length direction is inclined by 45 ° with respect to the measuring device and the light transmittance when inclined by ⁇ 45 ° are measured, and an average value thereof (Y 1 ) (%). Similarly, for the other sample, the light transmittance when tilted by 45 ° and the light transmittance when tilted by ⁇ 45 ° were measured, and the average value (Y 2 ) (%) of them was measured. Asked.
- a spectrophotometer “U-4100” attached to an integrating sphere manufactured by Hitachi, Ltd. was used.
- the transmittance was measured by a method based on JIS Z8722 (object color measurement method), and the visibility of the visible light region with a 2 ° field of view was corrected using a C light source.
- Y 1 and Y 2 obtained by the above method were averaged by the following formula [iii] to obtain the transmittance (Y) (%) of the polarizing film.
- Transmittance (Y) (Y 1 + Y 2 ) / 2 [iii]
- Example 1 Production of PVA film (i) PVA (saponified vinyl acetate homopolymer, polymerization degree 2,400, saponification degree 99.9 mol%) 100 parts by mass, glycerin 12 parts by mass, lauric acid diethanolamide 0 Using a film-forming apparatus comprising 20 parts of dry rolls having a rotation axis parallel to each other using a film-forming stock solution consisting of 1 part by mass and water and having a volatile fraction of 66% by mass, the thickness is 75 ⁇ m, the width is 3 m, and the length is 10,000 m. A long PVA film having a volatile content of 3% by mass was continuously formed.
- the film-forming stock solution is discharged in the form of a film from a T-type slit die onto a first drying roll (surface temperature 93 ° C., peripheral speed (S 1 ) 13.6 m / min), and the first drying roll
- the hot air temperature 90 ° C., dew point temperature 10 ° C.
- peeling from the first drying roll the volatile content when peeling from the first drying roll is 25% by mass
- the first drying roll contact surface and the first drying roll non-contact surface of the PVA film are each dried.
- the film After drying with a drying roll after the second drying roll so as to alternately face the roll, and further cutting and removing both ends (ears) in the width direction, the film is wound into a roll to obtain the PVA film. It was. In the film formation, the x-th drying roll was the fifth drying roll, and the y-th drying roll was the thirteenth drying roll.
- the ratio (S 2 / S 1 ) is 1.040, and the ratio of the peripheral speeds (S n + 1 / S n ) between two adjacent drying rolls between the x-th drying roll and the y-th drying roll is It was 0.995 (minimum value) to 0.998 (maximum value), the ratio (S y / S x ) was 0.973, and the ratio (S L / S 1 ) was 1.007.
- the surface temperature of all the drying rolls existing between the second drying roll and the (x-1) th drying roll is 85 ° C. (minimum value) to 90 ° C. (maximum value).
- the surface temperature of all the drying rolls existing up to the y-th drying roll was 67 ° C. (minimum value) to 75 ° C. (maximum value).
- Example 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 5 A PVA film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the production conditions of the PVA film were as shown in Table 1, and a polarizing film was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
[1]フィルムの面内における配向軸をフィルムの幅方向に20mmピッチで測定した際に、隣接する2つの測定位置における配向軸同士がなす角度(但し0~90°の範囲内にある)が、全ての隣接する2つの測定位置において2.3°以下であるPVAフィルム、
[2]全ての隣接する2つの測定位置における前記角度の平均値が0.6°以下である、上記[1]のPVAフィルム、
[3]前記配向軸の測定位置におけるレタデーション値が、全ての測定位置において5~100nmである、上記[1]または[2]のPVAフィルム、
[4]前記配向軸の測定位置のうちの少なくとも1つにおける配向軸とPVAフィルムの長さ方向とがなす角度(但し0~90°の範囲内にある)が45~90°である、上記[1]~[3]のいずれか1つのPVAフィルム、
[5]幅が2m以上である、上記[1]~[4]のいずれか1つのPVAフィルム、
[6]PVAフィルムの製造方法であって、
(a)回転軸が互いに平行な3個以上の乾燥ロールを備える製膜装置を使用し、当該乾燥ロールのうち最上流側に位置する第1乾燥ロール上にPVAを含む製膜原液を膜状に吐出して部分乾燥した後にそれに続く乾燥ロールでさらに乾燥して製膜し;その際に、
(b)第1乾燥ロールより剥離するときのPVA膜の揮発分率を20~40質量%にし;
(c)第1乾燥ロールの周速(S1)に対する第2乾燥ロールの周速(S2)の比(S2/S1)を1.015~1.050にし;
(d)第2乾燥ロールまたはそれより下流側の乾燥ロールのうちPVA膜の揮発分率が20質量%になったときの乾燥ロール(第x乾燥ロール)から、PVA膜の揮発分率が10質量%になったときの乾燥ロール(第y乾燥ロール)までの間において、隣接する2つの乾燥ロールのうちの上流側の乾燥ロールの周速(Sn)に対する下流側の乾燥ロールの周速(Sn+1)の比(Sn+1/Sn)をいずれも0.992~0.999にする;
製造方法、
[7]第x乾燥ロールから第y乾燥ロールまでの間に存在する全ての乾燥ロールの表面温度を60~85℃にする、上記[6]の製造方法、
[8]第1乾燥ロールの周速(S1)が8~25m/分である、上記[6]または[7]の製造方法、
[9]第x乾燥ロールの周速(Sx)に対する第y乾燥ロールの周速(Sy)の比(Sy/Sx)を0.940~0.990にする、上記[6]~[8]のいずれか1つの製造方法、
[10]上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1つのPVAフィルムから製造した光学フィルム、
[11]偏光フィルムである、上記[10]の光学フィルム、
[12]上記[1]~[5]のいずれか1つのPVAフィルムを用いて一軸延伸する工程を有する、光学フィルムの製造方法、
に関する。
本発明のPVAフィルムは、フィルムの面内における配向軸をフィルムの幅方向に20mmピッチで測定した際に、隣接する2つの測定位置における配向軸同士がなす角度(但し0~90°の範囲内にある)が、全ての隣接する2つの測定位置において2.3°以下である。すなわち、全ての隣接する2つの測定位置における前記角度の最大値をΔZmaxとすると、本発明のPVAフィルムは当該ΔZmaxが2.3°以下である。従来のPVAフィルムはΔZmaxが高く、それを用いて製造した偏光フィルムひいては偏光板では、特に光透過率が高い場合やより強度の高いバックライトを用いた場合に従来問題とされ改善が試みられてきた色斑とは異なる種類の色斑が目立ってくるという問題があった。これに対して本発明のPVAフィルムはΔZmaxが2.3°以下であり、従来のPVAフィルムと異なっている。このような本発明のPVAフィルムを原反として用いれば、光透過率が高い場合やより強度の高いバックライトを用いた場合であっても色斑が低減された偏光フィルム等の光学フィルムを製造することができる。なお、特許文献1には、複屈折率楕円体の長軸のフィルムの長さ方向に対する傾き角度の絶対値の最大値が5度以下であり、かつ傾き角度の局所的変化率(任意の5cm幅の範囲内における光軸の傾き角度)が1度以下であるPVAフィルムが記載されているが、たとえ特許文献1のように傾き角度の局所的変化率を1度以下にしたとしても、特許文献1によっては、フィルムの面内における配向軸をフィルムの幅方向に20mmピッチで測定した際における全ての隣接する2つの測定位置における配向軸同士がなす角度の最大値(ΔZmax)が上記範囲にあるPVAフィルムを得ることができず、少なくともこの点において、本発明のPVAフィルムは、特許文献1に記載されたPVAフィルムと異なっている。
(a)回転軸が互いに平行な3個以上の乾燥ロールを備える製膜装置を使用し、当該乾燥ロールのうち最上流側に位置する第1乾燥ロール上にPVAを含む製膜原液を膜状に吐出して部分乾燥した後にそれに続く乾燥ロールでさらに乾燥して製膜し;その際に、
(b)第1乾燥ロールより剥離するときのPVA膜の揮発分率を20~40質量%にし;
(c)第1乾燥ロールの周速(S1)に対する第2乾燥ロールの周速(S2)の比(S2/S1)を1.015~1.050にし;
(d)第2乾燥ロールまたはそれより下流側の乾燥ロールのうちPVA膜の揮発分率が20質量%になったときの乾燥ロール(第x乾燥ロール)から、PVA膜の揮発分率が10質量%になったときの乾燥ロール(第y乾燥ロール)までの間において、隣接する2つの乾燥ロールのうちの上流側の乾燥ロールの周速(Sn)に対する下流側の乾燥ロールの周速(Sn+1)の比(Sn+1/Sn)をいずれも0.992~0.999にする;
工程を含む本発明の製造方法によって、生産性よく円滑に連続して製造することができる。
PVAを含む製膜原液は、PVAを液体媒体と混合して溶液にしたり、液体媒体などを含むPVAチップを溶融して溶融液にしたりすることによって調製することができる。PVAの液体媒体への溶解や、液体媒体などを含むPVAチップの溶融は、撹拌式混合装置、溶融押出機などを使用して行うことができる。その際に用いる液体媒体としては、例えば、水、ジメチルスルホキシド、ジメチルホルムアミド、ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、エチレンジアミン、ジエチレントリアミンなどを挙げることができ、これらの液体媒体は1種を単独で使用しても、2種以上を併用してもよい。これらの中でも水、ジメチルスルホキシド、または両者の混合物が好ましく用いられ、特に水がより好ましく用いられる。
アニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、ラウリン酸カリウム等のカルボン酸型、オクチルサルフェート等の硫酸エステル型、ドデシルベンゼンスルホネート等のスルホン酸型のアニオン性界面活性剤が好適である。
また、ノニオン性界面活性剤としては、例えば、ポリオキシエチレンオレイルエーテル等のアルキルエーテル型、ポリオキシエチレンオクチルフェニルエーテル等のアルキルフェニルエーテル型、ポリオキシエチレンラウレート等のアルキルエステル型、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルアミノエーテル等のアルキルアミン型、ポリオキシエチレンラウリン酸アミド等のアルキルアミド型、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンエーテル等のポリプロピレングリコールエーテル型、オレイン酸ジエタノールアミド等のアルカノールアミド型、ポリオキシアルキレンアリルフェニルエーテル等のアリルフェニルエーテル型のノニオン性界面活性剤が好適である。
これらの界面活性剤は1種を単独で使用しても2種以上を併用してもよい。
A={(Wa-Wb)/Wa}×100 [i]
[式中、Aは製膜原液の揮発分率(質量%)、Waは製膜原液の質量(g)、WbはWa(g)の製膜原液を105℃の電熱乾燥機中で16時間乾燥した後の質量(g)を示す。]
第1乾燥ロール上に膜状に吐出したPVAを含む液を第1乾燥ロール上で乾燥することによって、それに含まれる揮発性成分の一部を除去(部分乾燥)し、PVA膜の揮発分率が20~40質量%になった時点で第1乾燥ロールから剥離する。
B={(Wc-Wd)/Wc}×100 [ii]
[式中、BはPVA膜またはPVAフィルムの揮発分率(質量%)、WcはPVA膜またはPVAフィルムから採取したサンプルの質量(g)、Wdは前記サンプルWc(g)を温度50℃、圧力0.1kPa以下の真空乾燥機中に入れて4時間乾燥した時の質量(g)を示す。]
第1乾燥ロール上にあるPVA膜の第1乾燥ロール非接触面に熱風を吹き付けるに当っては、第1乾燥ロール非接触面の全領域に対して風速1~10m/秒の熱風を吹き付けることが好ましく、風速2~8m/秒の熱風を吹き付けることがより好ましく、風速3~8m/秒の熱風を吹き付けることがさらに好ましい。
第1乾燥ロール非接触面に吹き付ける熱風の風速が小さすぎると、第1乾燥ロール上での乾燥時に水蒸気などの結露が発生し、その水滴がPVA膜に滴下して最終的に得られるPVAフィルムにおける欠陥が生じやすくなる。一方、第1乾燥ロール非接触面に吹き付ける熱風の風速が大きすぎると、最終的に得られるPVAフィルムに厚み斑が発生し、それに伴って染色斑などのトラブルが発生しやすくなる。
上記した一連の処理によって最終的に得られるPVAフィルムの揮発分率は1~5質量%の範囲内にあることが好ましく、2~4質量%の範囲内にあることがより好ましい。
延伸後のフィルム(偏光フィルム)の厚みは、5~35μm、特に20~30μmであることが好ましい。
以上のようにして得られた偏光板は、アクリル系などの粘着剤を被覆した後、ガラス基板に貼り合わせて液晶表示装置の部品として使用することができる。偏光板をガラス基板に貼り合わせる際に、位相差フィルム、視野角向上フィルム、輝度向上フィルムなどを貼り合わせてもよい。
以下の実施例および比較例において、PVAフィルムのΔZmax、ΔZave、レタデーション値および配向軸とPVAフィルムの長さ方向とがなす角度ならびに偏光フィルムの色斑および偏光性能の各測定ないし評価結果は以下の方法により求めた。
以下の各実施例または比較例で得られた長尺のPVAフィルムの長さ方向(MD)の任意の位置から、PVAフィルムの長さ方向(MD)に40mmの長さを有する全幅長(3m)のテープ状のサンプルを採取した。このテープ状のサンプルについて、フィルムの幅方向中央部に測定位置を1つ定め、この測定位置から幅方向両端部に向かってそれぞれ20mmピッチで測定位置(それぞれ74点)を順次定めた。なお、フィルムの幅方向両端部から幅方向中央部に向かってそれぞれ20mm未満の領域に位置したそれぞれ75点目は測定位置から除外した。また、各測定位置は、テープ状のサンプルの機械流れ方向の中央部(機械流れ方向両端部からそれぞれ20mmの位置)に定めた。
そして、各測定位置(合計149点)でフィルムの面内における配向軸およびレタデーション値を、王子計測機器株式会社製「KOBRA-WFD」を用いてフィルム面に対して垂直な方向に進行する波長590nmの光に基づき測定し、各測定位置における配向軸のデータから上記ΔZmaxおよびΔZaveを求めるとともに、各測定位置におけるレタデーション値のデータからその最小値と最大値を求めた。また、上記フィルムの幅方向中央部の測定位置における配向軸とPVAフィルムの長さ方向(MD)とがなす角度を求めた。
暗室内で観察用偏光板(透過率が43%程度の偏光フィルムを用いたもの)を面光源(バックライト)上に載置し、その上にこの観察用偏光板に対してクロスニコルとなるように作製した偏光フィルムを載置した。次に、バックライトから観察用偏光板を介して偏光フィルムに光を照射(光度15,000cd)し、偏光フィルム真上より1mの位置から偏光フィルムを目視によって観察し、以下の判定基準に基づく官能評価によって偏光フィルムの色斑の評価を行った。
○:色斑が認められないか、または認められたとしても実用上問題ないレベルである
×:実用上問題となるレベルの色斑が認められた
なお、後述する「(2)偏光フィルムの製造 (i)」の製造条件によれば、44%以上の高い透過率を有する偏光フィルムが得られやすいが、このような高い透過率を有する偏光フィルムを用いて上記の方法を採用することにより、本発明において問題とする色斑の有無ないし程度を明確に評価することができる。
(a)透過率(Y)の測定
以下の各実施例または比較例で得られた偏光フィルムの幅方向中央部から、長さ方向4cm×幅方向4cmの正方形のサンプルを2枚採取した。1枚のサンプルについて、長さ方向を測定装置に対して45°傾けた場合の光の透過率と-45°傾けた場合の光の透過率とを測定して、それらの平均値(Y1)(%)を求めた。もう1枚のサンプルについても、同様に、45°傾けた場合の光の透過率と-45°傾けた場合の光の透過率とを測定して、それらの平均値(Y2)(%)を求めた。なお上記透過率の測定には、日立製作所製の分光光度計「U-4100」(積分球付属)を用いた。また上記透過率の測定は、JIS Z8722(物体色の測定方法)に準拠した方法で行い、C光源を用いて、2°視野の可視光領域の視感度補正を行った。
上記の方法で求めたY1とY2とを以下の式[iii]で平均して偏光フィルムの透過率(Y)(%)とした。
透過率(Y)=(Y1+Y2)/2 [iii]
上記の「(a)透過率(Y)の測定」において採取した偏光フィルムのサンプル2枚を、それらの長さ方向が平行になるように重ねた場合の光の透過率(Y∥)(%)、および、それらの長さ方向が直交するように重ねた場合の光の透過率(Y⊥)(%)を測定した。なおY∥およびY⊥は、上記の「(a)透過率(Y)の測定」と同様の方法で求めた。これらのY∥およびY⊥から、以下の式[iv]によって偏光度(V)(%)を求めた。
偏光度(V)={(Y∥-Y⊥)/(Y∥+Y⊥)}1/2×100 [iv]
(1)PVAフィルムの製造
(i)PVA(酢酸ビニルの単独重合体のけん化物、重合度2,400、けん化度99.9モル%)100質量部、グリセリン12質量部、ラウリン酸ジエタノールアミド0.1質量部および水からなる揮発分率66質量%の製膜原液を用い、回転軸が互いに平行な20個の乾燥ロールを備える製膜装置によって、厚み75μm、幅3m、長さ10,000m、揮発分率3質量%の長尺のPVAフィルムを連続的に製膜した。
なお、上記の製膜において、第x乾燥ロールは第5乾燥ロールであり、第y乾燥ロールは第13乾燥ロールであった。また、比(S2/S1)は1.040であり、第x乾燥ロールから第y乾燥ロールまでの間において隣接する2つの乾燥ロール間の周速の比(Sn+1/Sn)は0.995(最小値)~0.998(最大値)であり、比(Sy/Sx)は0.973であり、比(SL/S1)は1.007であった。また、第2乾燥ロールから第(x-1)乾燥ロールまでの間に存在する全ての乾燥ロールの表面温度は85℃(最小値)~90℃(最大値)であり、第x乾燥ロールから第y乾燥ロールまでの間に存在する全ての乾燥ロールの表面温度は67℃(最小値)~75℃(最大値)であった。
(i)上記(1)で得られたPVAフィルムの幅方向(TD)の中央部から長さ方向12cm×幅方向20cmの長方形の試験片を採取し、当該試験片の長さ方向の両端を、延伸部分のサイズが長さ方向10cm×幅方向20cmとなるように延伸治具に固定し、温度30℃の水中に38秒間浸漬している間に24cm/分の延伸速度で元の長さの2.2倍に長さ方向に一軸延伸(1段目延伸)した後、ヨウ素を0.03質量%およびヨウ化カリウムを3質量%の濃度で含有する温度30℃のヨウ素/ヨウ化カリウム水溶液中に60秒間浸漬している間に24cm/分の延伸速度で元の長さの3.3倍まで長さ方向に一軸延伸(2段目延伸)し、次いでホウ酸を3質量%およびヨウ化カリウムを3質量%の濃度で含有する温度30℃のホウ酸/ヨウ化カリウム水溶液中に約20秒間浸漬している間に24cm/分の延伸速度で元の長さの3.6倍まで長さ方向に一軸延伸(3段目延伸)し、続いてホウ酸を4質量%およびヨウ化カリウムを約5質量%の濃度で含有する温度60℃のホウ酸/ヨウ化カリウム水溶液中に浸漬しながら24cm/分の延伸速度で限界延伸倍率の直前の延伸倍率(予め同様の操作を行って求めたフィルム破断時の延伸倍率を限界延伸倍率とし、これよりも0.2倍低い延伸倍率を採用した)まで長さ方向に一軸延伸(4段目延伸)した後、ヨウ化カリウムを3質量%の濃度で含有するヨウ化カリウム水溶液中に10秒間浸漬して固定処理を行い、その後60℃の乾燥機で4分間乾燥して、偏光フィルム(厚み28μm)を製造した。
当該偏光フィルムについて、上記した方法により色斑の評価を行った。結果を表1に示した。
PVAフィルムの製造条件を表1のようにしたこと以外は実施例1と同様にしてPVAフィルムを製膜するとともに実施例1と同様にして偏光フィルムを製造した。結果を表1に示した。
Claims (12)
- フィルムの面内における配向軸をフィルムの幅方向に20mmピッチで測定した際に、隣接する2つの測定位置における配向軸同士がなす角度(但し0~90°の範囲内にある)が、全ての隣接する2つの測定位置において2.3°以下であるポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルム。
- 全ての隣接する2つの測定位置における前記角度の平均値が0.6°以下である、請求項1に記載のポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルム。
- 前記配向軸の測定位置におけるレタデーション値が、全ての測定位置において5~100nmである、請求項1または2に記載のポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルム。
- 前記配向軸の測定位置のうちの少なくとも1つにおける配向軸とポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルムの長さ方向とがなす角度(但し0~90°の範囲内にある)が45~90°である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルム。
- 幅が2m以上である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載のポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルム。
- ポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルムの製造方法であって、
(a)回転軸が互いに平行な3個以上の乾燥ロールを備える製膜装置を使用し、当該乾燥ロールのうち最上流側に位置する第1乾燥ロール上にポリビニルアルコール系重合体を含む製膜原液を膜状に吐出して部分乾燥した後にそれに続く乾燥ロールでさらに乾燥して製膜し;その際に、
(b)第1乾燥ロールより剥離するときのポリビニルアルコール系重合体膜の揮発分率を20~40質量%にし;
(c)第1乾燥ロールの周速(S1)に対する第2乾燥ロールの周速(S2)の比(S2/S1)を1.015~1.050にし;
(d)第2乾燥ロールまたはそれより下流側の乾燥ロールのうちポリビニルアルコール系重合体膜の揮発分率が20質量%になったときの乾燥ロール(第x乾燥ロール)から、ポリビニルアルコール系重合体膜の揮発分率が10質量%になったときの乾燥ロール(第y乾燥ロール)までの間において、隣接する2つの乾燥ロールのうちの上流側の乾燥ロールの周速(Sn)に対する下流側の乾燥ロールの周速(Sn+1)の比(Sn+1/Sn)をいずれも0.992~0.999にする;
製造方法。 - 第x乾燥ロールから第y乾燥ロールまでの間に存在する全ての乾燥ロールの表面温度を60~85℃にする、請求項6に記載の製造方法。
- 第1乾燥ロールの周速(S1)が8~25m/分である、請求項6または7に記載の製造方法。
- 第x乾燥ロールの周速(Sx)に対する第y乾燥ロールの周速(Sy)の比(Sy/Sx)を0.940~0.990にする、請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルムから製造した光学フィルム。
- 偏光フィルムである、請求項10に記載の光学フィルム。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルムを用いて一軸延伸する工程を有する、光学フィルムの製造方法。
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| WO2017073638A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-04 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびそれを用いた偏光膜、偏光板、ならびにポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2017083839A (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-18 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法、およびそれにより得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いた偏光膜ならびに偏光板 |
| JP2017102439A (ja) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-06-08 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | 偏光膜製造用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびそれを用いた偏光膜、偏光板、ならびに偏光膜製造用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法 |
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| CN107001667B (zh) * | 2014-11-26 | 2021-05-28 | 株式会社可乐丽 | 聚乙烯醇系聚合物膜及其制造方法 |
| WO2017073639A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-04 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | 偏光膜製造用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびそれを用いた偏光膜、偏光板、ならびに偏光膜製造用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法 |
| TWI771278B (zh) * | 2015-10-27 | 2022-07-21 | 日商三菱化學股份有限公司 | 聚乙烯醇系膜及利用此聚乙烯醇系膜之偏光膜、偏光板與聚乙烯醇系膜之製造方法 |
| KR102636662B1 (ko) * | 2015-10-27 | 2024-02-15 | 미쯔비시 케미컬 주식회사 | 폴리비닐 알코올계 필름 및 이를 사용한 편광막, 편광판 및 폴리비닐 알코올계 필름의 제조 방법 |
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| JP5624803B2 (ja) | 2010-05-31 | 2014-11-12 | 株式会社クラレ | ポリビニルアルコール系重合体フィルム |
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| WO2017073638A1 (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-04 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびそれを用いた偏光膜、偏光板、ならびにポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法 |
| JP2017083839A (ja) * | 2015-10-27 | 2017-05-18 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法、およびそれにより得られたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いた偏光膜ならびに偏光板 |
| JP2017102439A (ja) * | 2015-11-19 | 2017-06-08 | 日本合成化学工業株式会社 | 偏光膜製造用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、およびそれを用いた偏光膜、偏光板、ならびに偏光膜製造用ポリビニルアルコール系フィルムの製造方法 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6483792B2 (ja) | 2019-03-13 |
| JP2018041108A (ja) | 2018-03-15 |
| CN104662071B (zh) | 2018-09-07 |
| TWI615266B (zh) | 2018-02-21 |
| CN104662071A (zh) | 2015-05-27 |
| JPWO2014050696A1 (ja) | 2016-08-22 |
| TW201420313A (zh) | 2014-06-01 |
| KR20150060759A (ko) | 2015-06-03 |
| JP6257512B2 (ja) | 2018-01-10 |
| KR102163144B1 (ko) | 2020-10-08 |
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