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WO2013127780A1 - Composés chimiques - Google Patents

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Publication number
WO2013127780A1
WO2013127780A1 PCT/EP2013/053797 EP2013053797W WO2013127780A1 WO 2013127780 A1 WO2013127780 A1 WO 2013127780A1 EP 2013053797 W EP2013053797 W EP 2013053797W WO 2013127780 A1 WO2013127780 A1 WO 2013127780A1
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compound
formula
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Inventor
Peter Maienfisch
Sebastian RENDLER
Thomas Pitterna
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Syngenta Participations AG
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Syngenta Participations AG
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/34—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom
    • A01N43/40—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom six-membered rings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/54—1,3-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,3-diazines
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
    • A01N43/48—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with two nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
    • A01N43/60—1,4-Diazines; Hydrogenated 1,4-diazines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D213/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
    • C07D213/78—Carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms, with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals
    • C07D213/81—Amides; Imides
    • C07D213/82—Amides; Imides in position 3

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to substituted pyridine carboxamide derivatives, to processes for preparing them, to pesticidal, in particular insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscicidal and nematicidal compositions comprising them and to methods of using them to combat and control pests such as insect, acarine, mollusc and nematode pests.
  • the present invention therefore provides compounds of the formula I
  • R is:
  • C 1-8 alkyl, C 2-6 alkenyl, C 2-6 alkynyl and ring system being optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, and being optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, cyano, nitro, d-C 6 alkyl, C Cealkoxy, C Cealkylthio, CrCehaloalkyl, C
  • substituents are indicated as being optionally substituted, this means that they may or may not carry one or more identical or different substituents, e.g. one to five substituents, e.g. one to three substituents. Normally not more than three such optional substituents are present at the same time.
  • substituents are indicated as being substituted, e.g. alkyl, unless stated otherwise this includes those groups that are part of other groups, e.g. the alkyl in alkylthio.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
  • Alkyl substituents may be straight-chained or branched. Alkyl on its own or as part of another substituent is, depending upon the number of carbon atoms mentioned, for example, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl and the isomers thereof, for example, iso-propyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, iso-amyl or pivaloyl.
  • Alkenyl substituents can be in the form of straight or branched chains, and the alkenyl moieties, where appropriate, can be of either the (E)- or (Z)-configu ration. Examples are vinyl and allyl.
  • the alkenyl groups are preferably C 2 -C 6 , more preferably C 2 -C 4 and most preferably C 2 -C 3 alkenyl groups.
  • Alkynyl substituents can be in the form of straight or branched chains. Examples are ethynyl and propargyl.
  • the alkynyl groups are preferably C 2 -C 6 , more preferably C 2 -C 4 and most preferably C 2 -C 3 alkynyl groups.
  • Haloalkyl groups may contain one or more identical or different halogen atoms and, for example, may stand for CH 2 CI, CHCI 2 , CCI 3 , CH 2 F, CHF 2 , CF 3 , CF 3 CH 2 , CH 3 CF 2 , CF 3 CF 2 or CCI 3 CCI 2 .
  • Alkoxy means a radical -OR, where R is alkyl, e.g. as defined above.
  • Alkoxy groups include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, 1-methylethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, 1- methylpropoxy and 2-methyl propoxy.
  • Amino means an NH 2 group.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine, preferably fluorine, chlorine or bromine.
  • a ring system is defined to include aryl, heteroaryl and in addition their saturated or partially unsaturated analogues.
  • the different rings of a bicyclic ring system may be linked via one atom belonging to two different rings (spiro), via two adjacent ring atoms belonging to two different rings (annelated) or via two different, not adjacent ring atoms belonging to two different rings (bridged).
  • Ring systems do not contain adjacent oxygen ring atoms.
  • a link to a heteroaryl group can be via a carbon atom but not via a nitrogen atom.
  • Aryl means a ring system which may be mono-, or bicyclic. Examples of such rings include phenyl, naphthalenyl, indenyl. A preferred aryl group is phenyl.
  • Heteroaryl stands for aromatic ring systems comprising mono-, or bicyclic systems wherein at least one oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur atom is present as a ring member.
  • Monocyclic and bicyclic aromatic ring systems are preferred, monocyclic ring systems are more preferred.
  • monocyclic heteoraryl may be a 5- to 7-membered aromatic ring containing one to three heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur, more preferably selected from nitrogen and sulfur.
  • Bicyclic heteroaryl may be a 8- to 1 1-membered bicyclic ring containing one to five heteroatoms, preferably one to three heteroatoms, selected from oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur.
  • Examples are furyl, thienyl, pyrrolyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, pyridyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, triazinyl, tetrazinyl, indolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzofuranyl, benzimidazolyl, indazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, imiazothiazoyi, quinolinyl, quinoxalinyl, isoquinolinyl, phthalazinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl and naphthyridinyl, preferably pyr
  • This invention covers all such isomers and tautomers and mixtures thereof in all
  • the invention relates also to the agriculturally acceptable salts which the compounds of formula I are able to form with transition metal, alkali metal and alkaline earth metal bases, amines, quaternary ammonium bases or tertiary sulfonium bases.
  • transition metal alkali metal and alkaline earth metal salt formers
  • hydroxides of copper, iron, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium special mention should be made of the hydroxides of copper, iron, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium, and preferably the hydroxides, bicarbonates and carbonates of sodium and potassium.
  • amines suitable for ammonium salt formation include ammonia as well as primary, secondary and tertiary Ci-Ci 8 alkylamines, Ci-C 4 hydroxyalkylamines and
  • C 2 -C 4 alkoxyalkyl-amines for example methylamine, ethylamine, n-propylamine, / ' - propylamine, the four butylamine isomers, n-amylamine, / ' -amylamine, hexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, pentadecylamine, hexadecylamine, heptadecylamine, octadecylamine, methylethylamine, methylisopropylamine,
  • Preferred quaternary ammonium bases suitable for salt formation correspond, for example, to the formula [N(R a1 R b1 R c1 R d1 )]OH, wherein R a1 , R b1 , R c1 and R d1 are each independently of the others hydrogen or CrC 4 alkyl.
  • R a1 , R b1 , R c1 and R d1 are each independently of the others hydrogen or CrC 4 alkyl.
  • Further suitable tetraalkylammonium bases with other anions can be obtained, for example, by anion exchange reactions.
  • Preferred tertiary sulfonium bases suitable for salt formation correspond, for example, to the formula [SR e iR f iR g i]OH, wherein R e i, Rn and R g i are each independently of the others Cr C 4 alkyl.
  • Trimethylsulfonium hydroxide is especially preferred.
  • Suitable sulfonium bases may be obtained from the reaction of thioethers, in particular dialkylsulfides, with alkylhalides, followed by conversion to a suitable base, for example a hydroxide, by anion exchange reactions.
  • Compounds of formula I which have at least one basic centre can form, for example, acid addition salts, for example with strong inorganic acids such as mineral acids, for example perchloric acid, sulphuric acid, nitric acid, nitrose acid, a phosphorus acid or a hydrohalic acid, with strong organic carboxylic acids, such as Ci-C 4 alkanecarboxylic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted, for example by halogen, for example acetic acid, such as saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids, for example oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid or phthalic acid, such as hydroxycarboxylic acids, for example ascorbic acid, lactic acid, malic acid, tartaric acid or citric acid, or such as benzoic acid, or with organic sulfonic acids, such as Ci-C 4 alkane- or arylsulfonic acids which are unsubstituted or substituted
  • Compounds of formula I which have at least one acidic group can form, for example, salts with bases, for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts, or salts with ammonia or an organic amine, such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, for example ethyl-, diethyl-, triethyl- or dimethylpropylamine, or a mono- , di- or trihydroxy-lower-alkylamine, for example mono-, di- or triethanolamine.
  • bases for example mineral salts such as alkali metal or alkaline earth metal salts, for example sodium, potassium or magnesium salts
  • salts with ammonia or an organic amine such as morpholine, piperidine, pyrrolidine, a mono-, di- or tri-lower-alkylamine, for example ethyl-, dieth
  • the compounds of formula I according to the invention also include hydrates which may be formed during the salt formation.
  • R is:
  • R is an heterocycle containing one to two heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen, or sulphur, wherein nitrogen and sulphur can be substituted as follows: N-R 1 , S(0) n , or S(0) m N-R 2 , wherein,
  • R 1 is hydrogen, formyl, d-dalkyl, d-dhaloalkyl, d-dalkoxy, dalkoxyd-dalkyl, d- C 6 alkoxyd-C 3 alkoxyd-C 3 alkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, d-C 4 cyanoalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, phenyld- dalkyl, d-C 6 alkylcarbonyl, d-C 6 haloalkylcarbonyl, d-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, phenyld- dalkylcarbonyl, phenyld-dalkoxycarbonyl, phenylcarbonyl, d-C 6 alkylsulfonyl, phenylsulfonyl, or C 3 -C 6 cycloalkylcarbonyl,
  • n 0, 1 or 2
  • n 0 or 1
  • R 2 is hydrogen, formyl, d-C 6 alkyl, d-dhaloalkyl, cyano, nitro, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, d- dcyanoalkyl, or C 2 -C 6 alkenyl.
  • R is methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, iso-butyl, sec-butyl, or tert-butyl optionally interrupted by one or more N, O or S, and optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, d-C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 haloalkyl, d-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, or d- dcyanoalkyl.
  • R is C 2 -io heteroaryl which contains one or more heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, said heteroaryl being optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, d-C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 haloalkyl, d-C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, or d-dcyanoalkyl.
  • R is C 6- io aryl and most preferably, a phenyl, optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, d-C 6 alkyl, d-C 6 alkoxy, d-C 6 haloalkyl, CrC 6 alkoxycarbonyl, and d- dcyanoalkyl.
  • R is a five- to ten-membered aromatic heterocycle, containing one or more heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen, or sulphur, said heterocycle being optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, d-C 6 alkyl, d-dalkoxy, d-C 6 haloalkyl, d- C 6 alkoxycarbonyl, and d-dcyanoalkyl
  • R is cycloalkyl and preferably cyclopropyl, cycopentyl or cyclohexyl, which may contain one or more heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur, said cycloalkyl being optionally substituted by halogen, cyano, nitro, CrC 6 alkyl, CrC 6 alkoxy, d- C 6 haloalkyl, CrC 6 alkoxycarbonyl, or Ci-C 4 cyanoalkyl.
  • the compounds of the invention may be made by a variety of methods (Reaction Scheme 1 ).
  • the compounds of formula I wherein the R has the meanings assigned to them above, can be prepared by means of processes known per se, e.g. by treating the compound of formula III with a compound of general formula II or the acid addition salt ⁇ ⁇ (wherein HX is an inorganic or organic acid, e.g.
  • BOP-CI bis(2-oxo-3-oxazolidinyl)phosphonic chloride
  • O-Benzotriazolyl tetramethylisouronium tetrafluoroborate TBTU
  • a base such as pyridine, triethylamine, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or diisopropylethylamine
  • a nucleophilic catalyst such as hydroxybenzotriazole.
  • reaction is advantageously carried out in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or N,N- dimethylformamide in a temperature range from approximately -80°C to approximately +80°C, preferably from approximately -20°C to approximately +40°C, in many cases in the range between 0 °C and ambient temperature.
  • organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or N,N- dimethylformamide
  • Compounds of general formula II or their acid salts ⁇ , wherein R is defined as above, are either commercially available or may be prepared using methods known to persons skilled in the art. Reaction Scheme 1.
  • compounds of general formula I may be prepared by treating the compound of general formula IV, wherein Hal is defined as halogen, e.g. F, CI, Br, preferably CI, or CCI 3 , with the compound of general formula II or its acid salt ⁇ , wherein R an HX are defined as above, in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, or pyridine.
  • Hal is defined as halogen, e.g. F, CI, Br, preferably CI, or CCI 3
  • R an HX are defined as above
  • the reaction is advantageously carried out in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane in a temperature range from approximately -80°C to approximately +40°C, preferably from approximately -80°C to approximately +20°C, in many cases in the range between 0 °C and ambient temperature.
  • organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran or dichloromethane
  • compounds of general formula I may be prepared by treating the compound of general formula V, wherein R 10 o and R 10 i form together an activating group, such as succinimide or benzotriazole, with the compound of general formula II or its acid salt ⁇ ⁇ , wherein R an HX are defined as above, in the presence of a base, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or diazabicyclooctane (DBU).
  • a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or diazabicyclooctane (DBU).
  • the reaction is advantageously carried out in an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, 1 ,4-dioxane or dichloromethane in a temperature range from approximately -80°C to approximately +40°C, preferably from approximately -80°C to approximately +20°C, in many cases in the range between 0 °C and ambient temperature.
  • organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, 1 ,4-dioxane or dichloromethane
  • benzotriazole in the presence of, i.e. VI being reagents such as N-hydroxysuccinimide or N- hydroxybenzotriazole, in the presence or absence of a base, such as triethylamine or pyridine in the presence of a solvent, e.g. dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran.
  • a base such as triethylamine or pyridine
  • a solvent e.g. dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran.
  • compounds of general formula V wherein R 10 o and Rioi form together an activating group, such as phthalimide or benzotriazole, may be prepared from compound of formula III, by reaction with compounds of general formula VI, wherein R 10 o and Rioi form together an activating group, such as succinimide or benzotriazole in the presence of, i.e.
  • VI being reagents such as N-hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxybenzotriazole, in the presence of a coupling reagent, such as DCC ( ⁇ , ⁇ '-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), EDC (1 -ethyl-3-[3- dimethylamino-propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride), in the presence or absence of a base, such as triethylamine or pyridine in the presence of a solvent, e.g. dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran.
  • a coupling reagent such as DCC ( ⁇ , ⁇ '-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide), EDC (1 -ethyl-3-[3- dimethylamino-propyl]carbodiimide hydrochloride
  • a base such as triethylamine or pyridine
  • a solvent e.g. dichloromethane or tetrahydrofuran.
  • compounds of general formula I may be prepared from compounds of general formula VII, wherein R 10 2 is defined as C-i. 8 alkyl or Ci- 8 haloalkyl, with the compound of general formula I I or its acid salt ⁇ ⁇ , wherein R an HX are defined as above, in the presence or absence of a base, such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or diazabicyclooctane (DBU).
  • a base such as triethylamine, diisopropylethylamine, pyridine, or diazabicyclooctane (DBU).
  • an organic solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, 1 ,4-dioxane or dichloromethane in a temperature range from approximately -80°C to approximately
  • the reactants can be reacted with each other as such, i.e. without adding a solvent or diluent. In most cases, however, it is advantageous to add an inert solvent or diluent or a mixture of these. If the reaction is carried out in the presence of a base, bases which are employed in excess, such as triethylamine, pyridine, N-methylmorpholine or N,N- diethylaniline, may also act as solvents or diluents.
  • the reactions are advantageously carried out in a temperature range from approximately - 80°C to approximately +140°C, preferably from approximately -30°C to approximately +100°C, in many cases in the range between ambient temperature and approximately +80°C.
  • a compound I can be converted in a manner known per se into another compound I by replacing one or more substituents of the starting compound I in the customary manner by (an)other substituent(s) according to the invention.
  • substituents of the starting compound I in the customary manner by (an)other substituent(s) according to the invention.
  • Salts of compounds I can be prepared in a manner known per se.
  • acid addition salts of compounds I are obtained by treatment with a suitable acid or a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases are obtained by treatment with a suitable base or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
  • Salts of compounds I can be converted in the customary manner into the free compounds I, acid addition salts, for example, by treatment with a suitable basic compound or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent and salts with bases, for example, by treatment with a suitable acid or with a suitable ion exchanger reagent.
  • Salts of compounds I can be converted in a manner known per se into other salts of compounds I, acid addition salts, for example, into other acid addition salts, for example by treatment of a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride with a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt, of an acid, for example with silver acetate, in a suitable solvent in which an inorganic salt which forms, for example silver chloride, is insoluble and thus precipitates from the reaction mixture.
  • a salt of inorganic acid such as hydrochloride
  • a suitable metal salt such as a sodium, barium or silver salt
  • the compounds I which have salt- forming properties can be obtained in free form or in the form of salts.
  • the compounds I and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can be present in the form of one of the isomers which are possible or as a mixture of these, for example in the form of pure isomers, such as antipodes and/or diastereomers, or as isomer mixtures, such as enantiomer mixtures, for example racemates, diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures, depending on the number, absolute and relative configuration of asymmetric carbon atoms which occur in the molecule and/or depending on the configuration of non-aromatic double bonds which occur in the molecule; the invention relates to the pure isomers and also to all isomer mixtures which are possible and is to be understood in each case in this sense hereinabove and hereinbelow, even when stereochemical details are not mentioned specifically in each case.
  • Diastereomer mixtures or racemate mixtures of compounds I, in free form or in salt form, which can be obtained depending on which starting materials and procedures have been chosen can be separated in a known manner into the pure diasteromers or racemates on the basis of the physicochemical differences of the components, for example by fractional crystallization, distillation and/or chromatography.
  • Enantiomer mixtures such as racemates, which can be obtained in a similar manner can be resolved into the optical antipodes by known methods, for example by recrystallization from an optically active solvent, by chromatography on chiral adsorbents, for example high- performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) on acetyl celulose, with the aid of suitable mi- croorganisms, by cleavage with specific, immobilized enzymes, via the formation of inclusion compounds, for example using chiral crown ethers, where only one enantiomer is complexed, or by conversion into diastereomeric salts, for example by reacting a basic end- product racemate with an optically active acid, such as a carboxylic acid, for example camphor, tartaric or malic acid, or sulfonic acid, for example camphorsulfonic acid, and separating the diastereomer mixture which can be obtained in this manner, for example by fractional crystallization based on their differing solubilities,
  • Pure diastereomers or enantiomers can be obtained according to the invention not only by separating suitable isomer mixtures, but also by generally known methods of diastereose- lective or enantioselective synthesis, for example by carrying out the process according to the invention with starting materials of a suitable stereochemistry.
  • the compounds I and, where appropriate, the tautomers thereof, in each case in free form or in salt form, can, if appropriate, also be obtained in the form of hydrates and/or include other solvents, for example those which may have been used for the crystallization of compounds which are present in solid form.
  • Table 1 This table discloses compounds T1.001 to T1 .1 10 of the formula I:
  • the compounds according to the invention are preventively and/or curatively valuable active ingredients in the field of pest control, even at low rates of application, which have a very favorable biocidal spectrum and are well tolerated by warm-blooded species, fish and lants.
  • the invention also related to a pesticidal composition comprising a pesticidal effective amount of at least one compound of formula I.
  • the active ingredients according to the invention act against all or individual developmental stages of normally sensitive, but also resistant, animal pests, such as insects or representatives of the order Acarina.
  • the insecticidal or acaricidal activity of the active ingredients according to the invention can manifest itself directly, i. e.
  • the compounds of formula I can be used to combat and control infestations of insect pests such as Lepidoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera, Thysanoptera, Orthoptera, Dictyoptera,
  • pests Coleoptera, Siphonaptera, Hymenoptera and Isoptera and also other invertebrate pests, for example, acarine, nematode and mollusc pests. Insects, acarines, nematodes and molluscs are hereinafter collectively referred to as pests.
  • the pests which may be combated and controlled by the use of the invention compounds include those pests associated with agriculture (which term includes the growing of crops for food and fibre products), horticulture and animal husbandry, companion animals, forestry and the storage of products of vegetable origin (such as fruit, grain and timber); those pests associated with the damage of man-made structures and the transmission of diseases of man and animals; and also nuisance pests (such as flies).
  • pest species which may be controlled by the compounds of formula I include: Myzus persicae (aphid), Aphis gossypii (aphid), Aphis fabae (aphid), Lygus spp. (capsids), Dysdercus spp. (capsids), Nilaparvata lugens (planthopper), Nephotettixc incticeps
  • Nezara spp. stinkbugs
  • Euschistus spp. stinkbugs
  • Panonychus ulmi European red mite
  • Panonychus citri citrus red mite
  • Tetranychus urticae two-spotted spider mite
  • Tetranychus cinnabarinus carmine spider mite
  • Brevipalpus spp. flat mites
  • Boophilus microplus cattle tick
  • Dermacentor variabilis American dog tick
  • Ctenocephalides felis cat flea
  • Liriomyza spp. leafminer
  • Musca domestica housefly
  • Aedes aegypti mosquito
  • Anopheles spp. mosquitoes
  • Culex spp. mosquitoes
  • Rhinotermitidae for example Coptotermes formosanus, Reticulitermes flavipes, R. speratu, R. virginicus, R. hesperus, and R. santonensis
  • Termitidae for example
  • Globitermes sulphureus Solenopsis geminata (fire ant), Monomorium pharaonis (pharaoh's ant), Damalinia spp. and Linognathus spp. (biting and sucking lice), Meloidogyne spp. (root knot nematodes), Globodera spp. and Heterodera spp. (cyst nematodes), Pratylenchus spp. (lesion nematodes), Rhodopholus spp. (banana burrowing nematodes), Tylenchulus spp.
  • Haematopinus spp. Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp., Pemphigus spp. and Phylloxera spp.;
  • Cimex spp. Distantiella theobroma, Dysdercus spp., Euchistus spp., Eurygaster spp., Lep- tocorisa spp., Nezara spp., Piesma spp., Rhodnius spp., Sahlbergella singularis, Scotino- phara spp. and Triatoma spp.;
  • Ostrinia nubilalis Pammene spp., Pandemis spp., Panolis flammea, Pectinophora gossypi- ela, Phthorimaea operculella, Pieris rapae, Pieris spp., Plutella xylostella, Prays spp., Scir- pophaga spp., Sesamia spp., Sparganothis spp., Spodoptera spp., Synanthedon spp.,
  • Thaumetopoea spp. Tortrix spp., Trichoplusia ni and Yponomeuta spp.;
  • Thysanoptera for example
  • the active ingredients according to the invention can be used for controlling, i. e. containing or destroying, pests of the abovementioned type which occur in particular on plants, especially on useful plants and ornamentals in agriculture, in horticulture and in forests, or on organs, such as fruits, flowers, foliage, stalks, tubers or roots, of such plants, and in some cases even plant organs which are formed at a later point in time remain protected against these pests.
  • Suitable target crops are, in particular, cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example pomaceous fruit, stone fruit or soft fruit, such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, almonds, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, carrots, onions, tomatoes, potatoes or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts,
  • crops is to be understood as including also crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides (such as, for example, HPPD inhibitors, ALS inhibitors, for example primisulfuron, prosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron, EPSPS (5-enol-pyrovyl-shikimate-3-phosphate-synthase) inhibitors, GS (glutamine synthetase) inhibitors) as a result of conventional methods of breeding or genetic engineering.
  • herbicides like bromoxynil or classes of herbicides
  • ALS inhibitors for example primisulfuron, prosulfuron and trifloxysulfuron
  • EPSPS 5-enol-pyrovyl-shikimate-3-phosphate-synthase
  • GS glutamine synthetase
  • imazamox by conventional methods of breeding (mutagenesis) is Clearfield® summer rape (Canola).
  • crops that have been rendered tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicides by genetic engineering methods include glyphosate- and glufosinate-resistant maize varieties commercially available under the trade names RoundupReady® and LibertyLink®.
  • the term "crops" is also to be understood as including also crop plants which have been so transformed by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that they are capable of
  • Toxins that can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, insecticidal proteins, for example insecticidal proteins from Bacillus cereus or Bacillus popliae; or insecticidal proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis, such as ⁇ -endotoxins, e.g. CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), e.g.
  • VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A insecticidal proteins of bacteria colonising nematodes, for example Photorhabdus spp. or Xenorhabdus spp., such as Photorhabdus luminescens, Xenorhabdus nematophilus; toxins produced by animals, such as scorpion toxins, arachnid toxins, wasp toxins and other insect-specific neurotoxins; toxins produced by fungi, such as Streptomycetes toxins, plant lectins, such as pea lectins, barley lectins or snowdrop lectins; agglutinins; proteinase inhibitors, such as trypsine inhibitors, serine protease inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIP), such as ricin, maize-RIP, abrin, luffin, saporin or bryodin; steroid metabolism enzymes, such as 3-hydroxy
  • ⁇ -endotoxins for example CrylA(b), CrylA(c), CrylF, CrylF(a2), CryllA(b), CrylllA, CrylllB(bl ) or Cry9c, or vegetative insecticidal proteins (VIP), for example VIP1 , VIP2, VIP3 or VIP3A, expressly also hybrid toxins, truncated toxins and modified toxins.
  • Hybrid toxins are produced recombinantly by a new combination of different domains of those proteins (see, for example, WO 02/15701 ).
  • Truncated toxins for example a truncated CrylA(b), are known.
  • modified toxins one or more amino acids of the naturally occurring toxin are replaced.
  • amino acid replacements preferably non-naturally present protease recognition sequences are inserted into the toxin, such as, for example, in the case of CrylllA055, a cathepsin-D-recognition sequence is inserted into a CrylllA toxin (see WO 03/018810).
  • Examples of such toxins or transgenic plants capable of synthesising such toxins are disclosed, for example, in EP-A-0 374 753, WO 93/07278, WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 427 529, EP-A-451 878 and WO 03/052073.
  • Cryl-type deoxyribonucleic acids and their preparation are known, for example, from WO 95/34656, EP-A-0 367 474, EP-A-0 401 979 and WO 90/13651.
  • the toxin contained in the transgenic plants imparts to the plants tolerance to harmful insects.
  • insects can occur in any taxonomic group of insects, but are especially commonly found in the beetles (Coleoptera), two-winged insects (Diptera) and butterflies (Lepidoptera).
  • Transgenic plants containing one or more genes that code for an insecticidal resistance and express one or more toxins are known and some of them are commercially available.
  • YieldGard® (maize variety that expresses a CrylA(b) toxin); YieldGard Rootworm® (maize variety that expresses a CrylllB(b1 ) toxin); YieldGard Plus® (maize variety that expresses a CrylA(b) and a CrylllB(bl ) toxin); Starlink® (maize variety that expresses a Cry9(c) toxin); Herculex I® (maize variety that expresses a CrylF(a2) toxin and the enzyme phosphinothricine N-acetyltransferase (PAT) to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium); NuCOTN 33B® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylA(c) toxin); Bollgard I® (cotton variety that expresses a CrylA(c) toxin); Bollgard II® (cotton variety that
  • Bt1 1 Maize from Syngenta Seeds SAS, Chemin de I'Hobit 27, F-31 790 St. Sauveur, France, registration number C/FR/96/05/10. Genetically modified Zea mays which has been rendered resistant to attack by the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis and Sesamia nonagrioides) by transgenic expression of a truncated CrylA(b) toxin. Bt1 1 maize also transgenically expresses the enzyme PAT to achieve tolerance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium.
  • Maize which has been rendered insect- resistant by transgenic expression of a modified CrylllA toxin This toxin is Cry3A055 modified by insertion of a cathepsin-D-protease recognition sequence.
  • the preparation of such transgenic maize plants is described in WO 03/018810.
  • MON 863 Maize from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1 150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/DE/02/9. MON 863 expresses a CrylllB(bl ) toxin and has resistance to certain Coleoptera insects. 5. IPC 531 Cotton from Monsanto Europe S.A. 270-272 Avenue de Tervuren, B-1 150 Brussels, Belgium, registration number C/ES/96/02.
  • NK603 x MON 810 Maize transgenically expresses the protein CP4 EPSPS, obtained from Agrobacterium sp. strain CP4, which imparts tolerance to the herbicide Roundup® (contains glyphosate), and also a CrylA(b) toxin obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki which brings about tolerance to certain Lepidoptera, include the European corn borer.
  • antipathogenic substances having a selective action such as, for example, the so-called "pathogenesis-related proteins" (PRPs, see e.g. EP-A-0 392 225).
  • PRPs pathogenesis-related proteins
  • Examples of such antipathogenic substances and transgenic plants capable of synthesising such antipathogenic substances are known, for example, from EP-A-0 392 225, WO 95/33818, and EP-A-0 353 191.
  • the methods of producing such transgenic plants are generally known to the person skilled in the art and are described, for example, in the publications mentioned above.
  • Antipathogenic substances which can be expressed by such transgenic plants include, for example, ion channel blockers, such as blockers for sodium and calcium channels, for example the viral KP1 , KP4 or KP6 toxins; stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases;
  • chitinases glucanases; the so-called “pathogenesis-related proteins” (PRPs; see e.g. EP-A- 0 392 225); antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms, for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g. WO 95/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called “plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO 03/000906).
  • PRPs pathogenesis-related proteins
  • antipathogenic substances produced by microorganisms for example peptide antibiotics or heterocyclic antibiotics (see e.g. WO 95/33818) or protein or polypeptide factors involved in plant pathogen defence (so-called "plant disease resistance genes", as described in WO 03/000906).
  • Crops may also be modified for enhanced resistance to fungal (for example Fusarium, Anthracnose, or Phytophthora), bacterial (for example Pseudomonas) or viral (for example potato leafroll virus, tomato spotted wilt virus, cucumber mosaic virus) pathogens.
  • Crops also include those that have enhanced resistance to nematodes, such as the soybean cyst nematode.
  • Crops that are tolerance to abiotic stress include those that have enhanced tolerance to drought, high salt, high temperature, chill, frost, or light radiation, for example through expression of NF-YB or other proteins known in the art.
  • Crops that exhibit enhanced yield or quality include those with improved flowering or fruit ripening properties (such as delayed ripening); modified oil, starch, amino acid, fatty acid, vitamin, phenolic or other content (such as VistiveTM soybean variety); enhanced nutrient utilisation (such as improved nitrogen assimilation); and enhanced quality plant product (such as higher quality cotton fibre).
  • Further areas of use of the compounds and compositions according to the invention are the protection of stored goods and storerooms and the protection of raw materials, such as wood, textiles, floor coverings or buildings, and also in the hygiene sector, especially the protection of humans, domestic animals and productive livestock against pests of the mentioned type.
  • the compounds and compositions according to the invention are active against ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.
  • ectoparasites such as hard ticks, soft ticks, mange mites, harvest mites, flies (biting and licking), parasitic fly larvae, lice, hair lice, bird lice and fleas.
  • Anoplurida Haematopinus spp., Linognathus spp., Pediculus spp. and Phtirus spp., Solenopotes spp..
  • Nematocerina and Brachycerina for example Aedes spp., Anopheles spp., Culex spp., Simulium spp., Eusimulium spp., Phlebotomus spp., Lutzomyia spp., Culicoides spp., Chrysops spp., Hybomitra spp., Atylotus spp., Tabanus spp., Haematopota spp., Philipomyia spp., Braula spp., Musca spp., Hydrotaea spp., Stomoxys spp., Haematobia spp., Morellia spp., Fannia spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Glossina spp., Calliphora spp., Glossina spp., Call
  • Siphonaptrida for example Pulex spp., Ctenocephalides spp., Xenopsylla spp., Ceratophyllus spp..
  • Heteropterida for example Cimex spp., Triatoma spp., Rhodnius spp., Panstrongylus spp..
  • Actinedida Prostigmata
  • Acaridida Acaridida
  • Acarapis spp. Cheyletiella spp., Ornitrocheyletia spp., Myobia spp., Psorergatesspp., Demodex spp., Trombicula spp., Listrophorus spp., Acarus spp., Tyrophagus spp., Caloglyphus spp., Hypodectes spp., Pterolichus spp., Psoroptes spp., Chorioptes spp., Otodectes spp., Sarcoptes spp., Notoedres spp., Knemidocoptes spp., Cytodites spp. and Laminosioptes spp..
  • the compounds and compositions according to the invention are also suitable for protecting against insect infestation in the case of materials such as wood, textiles, plastics, adhesives, glues, paints, paper and card, leather, floor coverings and buildings.
  • compositions according to the invention can be used, for example, against the following pests: beetles such as Hylotrupes bajulus, Chlorophorus pilosis, Anobium punctatum, Xestobium rufovillosum, Ptilinuspecticornis, Dendrobium pertinex, Ernobius mollis, Priobium carpini, Lyctus brunneus, Lyctus africanus, Lyctus planicollis, Lyctus linearis, Lyctus pubescens, Trogoxylon aequale, Minthesrugicollis, Xyleborus spec.,Tryptodendron spec, Apate monachus, Bostrychus capucins, Heterobostrychus brunneus, Sinoxylon spec, and Dinoderus minutus, and also hymenopterans such as Sirex juvencus, Urocerus gigas, Urocerus gigas taignus
  • composition containing a compound of formula I, to a pest, a locus of pest, or to a plant susceptible to attack by a pest The compounds of formula I are preferably used against insects or acarines.
  • plant as used herein includes seedlings, bushes and trees.
  • the invention also relates to a pesticidal composition, which, in addition to comprising the compound of formula I, comprises formulation adjuvants.
  • the invention therefore also relates to pesticidal compositions such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric substances, which comprise - at least - one of the active ingredients according to the invention and which are to be selected to suit the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances.
  • pesticidal compositions such as emulsifiable concentrates, suspension concentrates, directly sprayable or dilutable solutions, spreadable pastes, dilute emulsions, soluble powders, dispersible powders, wettable powders, dusts, granules or encapsulations in polymeric substances, which comprise - at least - one of the active ingredients according to the invention and which are to be selected to suit the intended aims and the prevailing circumstances.
  • the active ingredient is employed in pure form, a solid active ingredient for example in a specific particle size, or, preferably, together with - at least - one of the auxiliaries conventionally used in the art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds (surfactants).
  • auxiliaries conventionally used in the art of formulation, such as extenders, for example solvents or solid carriers, or such as surface-active compounds (surfactants).
  • suitable solvents are: unhydrogenated or partially hydrogenated aromatic hydrocarbons, preferably the fractions C8 to C12 of alkylbenzenes, such as xylene mixtures, alkylated naphthalenes or tetrahydronaphthalene, aliphatic or cycloaliphatic hydrocarbons, such as paraffins or cyclohexane, alcohols such as ethanol, propanol or butanol, glycols and their ethers and esters such as propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol ether, ethylene glycol or ethylene glycol monomethyl ether or ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ketones, such as cyclohexanone, isophorone or diacetone alcohol, strongly polar solvents, such as N- methylpyrrolid-2-one, dimethyl sulfoxide or ⁇ , ⁇ -dimethylformamide, water, unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils, such as unexpodized or un
  • Solid carriers which are used for example for dusts and dispersible powders are, as a rule, ground natural minerals such as calcite, talc, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite.
  • ground natural minerals such as calcite, talc, kaolin, montmorillonite or attapulgite.
  • highly disperse silicas or highly disperse absorbtive polymers are also possible to add highly disperse silicas or highly disperse absorbtive polymers.
  • Suitable particulate adsorptive carriers for granules are porous types, such as pumice, brick grit, sepiolite or bentonite, and suitable non-sorptive carrier materials are calcite or sand.
  • a large number of granulated materials of inorganic or organic nature can be used, in particular dolomite or comminuted plant residues.
  • Suitable surface-active compounds are, depending on the type of the active ingredient to be formulated, non-ionic, cationic and/or anionic surfactants or surfactant mixtures which have good emulsifying, dispersing and wetting properties.
  • the surfactants mentioned below are only to be considered as examples; a large number of further surfactants which are conventionally used in the art of formulation and suitable according to the invention are described in the relevant literature.
  • Suitable non-ionic surfactants are, especially, polyglycol ether derivatives of aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols, of saturated or unsaturated fatty acids or of alkyi phenols which may contain approximately 3 to approximately 30 glycol ether groups and approximately 8 to approximately 20 carbon atoms in the (cyclo)aliphatic hydrocarbon radical or approximately 6 to approximately 18 carbon atoms in the alkyi moiety of the alkyi phenols.
  • water-soluble polyethylene oxide adducts with polypropylene glycol are also suitable.
  • the abovementioned compounds contain 1 to approximately 5 ethylene glycol units per propylene glycol unit. Examples which may be mentioned are nonylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol, castor oil polyglycol ether, polypropylene
  • glycol/polyethylene oxide adducts tributylpheno-'xypolyethoxyethanol, polyethylene glycol or octylphenoxypolyethoxyethanol.
  • fatty acid esters of polyoxyethylene sorbitan such as polyoxyethylene sorbitan trioleate.
  • the cationic surfactants are, especially, quarternary ammonium salts which generally have at least one alkyi radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms as substituents and as further substituents (unhalogenated or halogenated) lower alkyi or hydroxyalkyl or benzyl radicals.
  • the salts are preferably in the form of halides, methylsulfates or ethylsulfates. Examples are stearyltrimethylammonium chloride and benzylbis(2- chloroethyl)ethyhammonium bromide.
  • Suitable anionic surfactants are water-soluble soaps or water-soluble synthetic surface-active compounds.
  • suitable soaps are the alkali, alkaline earth or (unsubstituted or substituted) ammonium salts of fatty acids having approximately 10 to approximately 22 C atoms, such as the sodium or potassium salts of oleic or stearic acid, or of natural fatty acid mixtures which are obtainable for example from coconut or tall oil;
  • fatty acid methyl taurates mention must also be made.
  • synthetic surfactants are used more frequently, in particular fatty sulfonates, fatty sulfates, sulfonated
  • the fatty sulfonates and fatty sulfates are present as alkali, alkaline earth or (substituted or unsubstituted) ammonium salts and they generally have an alkyl radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms, alkyl also to be understood as including the alkyl moiety of acyl radicals; examples which may be mentioned are the sodium or calcium salts of lignosulfonic acid, of the dodecylsulfuric ester or of a fatty alcohol sulfate mixture prepared from natural fatty acids. This group also includes the salts of the sulfuric esters and sulfonic acids of fatty
  • the sulfonated benzimidazole derivatives preferably contain 2 sulfonyl groups and a fatty acid radical of approximately 8 to approximately 22 C atoms.
  • alkylarylsulfonates are the sodium, calcium or triethanolammonium salts of decylbenzenesulfonic acid, of dibutyhnaphthalenesulfonic acid or of a naphthalenesulfonic acid/formaldehyde condensate.
  • suitable phosphates such as salts of the phosphoric ester of a p-nonylphenol/(4-14)ethylene oxide adduct, or phospholipids.
  • Suitable phosphates are tris-esters of phosphoric acid with aliphatic or aromatic alcohols and/or bis-esters of alkyl phosphonic acids with aliphatic or aromatic alcohols, which are a high performance oil-type adjuvant.
  • tris-esters have been described, for example, in WO0147356, WO0056146, EP-A-0579052 or EP-A-1018299 or are commercially available under their chemical name.
  • Preferred tris-esters of phosphoric acid for use in the new compositions are tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate, tris-n-octyl phosphate and tris-butoxyethyl phosphate, where tris-(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate is most preferred.
  • compositions according to the invention can preferably additionally include an additive comprising an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils and oil derivatives.
  • the amount of oil additive used in the composition according to the invention is generally from 0.01 to 10 %, based on the spray mixture.
  • the oil additive can be added to the spray tank in the desired concentration after the spray mixture has been prepared.
  • Preferred oil additives comprise mineral oils or an oil of vegetable origin, for example rapeseed oil such as ADIGOR® and MERO®, olive oil or sunflower oil, emulsified vegetable oil, such as AMIGO® (Rhone-Poulenc Canada Inc.), alkyl esters of oils of vegetable origin, for example the methyl derivatives, or an oil of animal origin, such as fish oil or beef tallow.
  • a preferred additive contains, for example, as active components essentially 80 % by weight alkyl esters of fish oils and 15 % by weight methylated rapeseed oil, and also 5 % by weight of customary emulsifiers and pH modifiers.
  • Especially preferred oil additives comprise alkyl esters of C 8 -C 2 2 fatty acids, especially the methyl derivatives of Ci 2 -Ci 8 fatty acids, for example the methyl esters of lauric acid, palmitic acid and oleic acid, being important. Those esters are known as methyl laurate (CAS-1 1 1-82-0), methyl palmitate (CAS-1 12-39-0) and methyl oleate (CAS-1 12-62-9).
  • a preferred fatty acid methyl ester derivative is Emery® 2230 and 2231 (Cognis GmbH).
  • alkoxylated fatty acids can be used as additives in the inventive compositions as well as polymethylsiloxane based additives, which have been described in WO08/037373.
  • the application and action of the oil additives can be further improved by combining them with surface-active substances, such as non-ionic, anionic or cationic surfactants.
  • surface-active substances such as non-ionic, anionic or cationic surfactants.
  • suitable anionic, non-ionic and cationic surfactants are listed on pages 7 and 8 of
  • Preferred surface-active substances are anionic surfactants of the dodecyl- benzylsulfonate type, especially the calcium salts thereof, and also non-ionic surfactants of the fatty alcohol ethoxylate type. Special preference is given to ethoxylated C 12 -C 2 2 fatty alcohols having a degree of ethoxylation of from 5 to 40. Examples of commercially available surfactants are the Genapol types (Clariant AG). Also preferred are silicone surfactants, especially polyalkyl-oxide-modified heptamethyltrisiloxanes, which are commercially available e.g. as Silwet L-77®, and also perfluorinated surfactants.
  • the concentration of surface-active substances in relation to the total additive is generally from 1 to 30 % by weight.
  • oil additives that consist of mixtures of oils or mineral oils or derivatives thereof with surfactants are Edenor ME SU®, Turbocharge® (Syngenta AG, CH) and Actipron® (BP Oil UK Limited, GB).
  • the said surface-active substances may also be used in the formulations alone, that is to say without oil additives.
  • an organic solvent to the oil additive/surfactant mixture can contribute to a further enhancement of action. Suitable solvents are, for example,
  • Solvesso® (ESSO) and Aromatic Solvent® (Exxon Corporation).
  • concentration of such solvents can be from 10 to 80 % by weight of the total weight.
  • oil additives which may be in admixture with solvents, are described, for example, in US-A-4 834 908.
  • alkylpyrrolidones e.g. Agrimax®
  • formulations of alkylpyrrolidones such as, for example, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl compounds or poly-1-p-menthene (e.g. Bond®, Courier® or Emerald®) can also be used.
  • Solutions that contain propionic acid, for example Eurogkem Pen-e-trate®, can also be mixed into the spray mixture as activity-enhancing agents.
  • the compositions comprise 0.1 to 99%, especially 0.1 to 95%, of active ingredient of thre formula land 1 to 99.9%, especially 5 to 99.9%, of at least one solid or liquid adjuvant, it being possible as a rule for 0 to 25%, especially 0.1 to 20%, of the composition to be surfactants(% in each case meaning percent by weight).
  • the end consumer as a rule uses dilute compositions which have substantially lower concentrations of active ingredient.
  • active ingredient 1 to 95%, preferably 5 to 50%, more preferably 5 to 20% surfactant: 1 to 30%, preferably 10 to 20 %
  • active ingredient 0.1 to 10%, preferably 2 to 5%
  • solid carrier 99.9 to 90%, preferably 99.9 to 99%
  • active ingredient 5 to 75%, preferably 10 to 50%, more preferably 10 to
  • surfactant 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30%
  • Oil-based suspension concentrates are:
  • active ingredient 2 to 75%, preferably 5 to 50%, more preferably 10 to
  • surfactant 1 to 40%, preferably 2 to 30%
  • active ingredient 0.5 to 90%, preferably 1 to 80%, more preferably 25 to
  • surfactant 0.5 to 20%, preferably 1 to 15%
  • solid carrier 5 to 99%, preferably 15 to 98%
  • active ingredient 0.5 to 30%, preferably 3 to 25%, more preferably 3 to
  • solid carrier 99.5 to 70%, preferably 97 to 85%
  • the term "active ingredient” refers to one of the compounds selected from Table 1 shown above. It also refers to mixtures of the compound of formula I, in particular a compound selected from said Table 1 , with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, safeners, adjuvants and the like, which mixtures are specifically disclosed below.
  • compositions can also comprise further solid or liquid auxiliaries, such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers; fertilizers, in particular nitrogen containing fertilizers such as ammonium nitrates and urea as described in WO08/017388, which can enhance the efficacy of the inventive compounds; or other active ingredients for achieving specific effects, for example ammonium or phosphonium salts, in particular halides,
  • auxiliaries such as stabilizers, for example unepoxidized or epoxidized vegetable oils (for example epoxidized coconut oil, rapeseed oil or soya oil), antifoams, for example silicone oil, preservatives, viscosity regulators, binders and/or tackifiers; fertilizers, in
  • hydroxalated fatty acids such as alkoxalated fatty acids; bactericides, fungicides, nematocides, plant activators, molluscicides or herbicides.
  • compositions according to the invention are prepared in a manner known per se, in the absence of auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening and/or compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries).
  • auxiliaries for example by grinding, screening and/or compressing a solid active ingredient and in the presence of at least one auxiliary for example by intimately mixing and/or grinding the active ingredient with the auxiliary (auxiliaries).
  • compositions that is the methods of controlling pests of the abovementioned type, such as spraying, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, dressing, scattering or pouring - which are to be selected to suit the intended aims of the prevailing circumstances - and the use of the compositions for controlling pests of the abovementioned type are other subjects of the invention.
  • Typical rates of concentration are between 0.1 and 1000 ppm, preferably between 0.1 and 500 ppm, of active ingredient.
  • the rate of application per hectare is generally 1 to 2000 g of active ingredient per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 600 g/ha.
  • a preferred method of application in the field of crop protection is application to the foliage of the plants (foliar application), it being possible to select frequency and rate of application to match the danger of infestation with the pest in question.
  • the active ingredient can reach the plants via the root system (systemic action), by drenching the locus of the plants with a liquid composition or by incorporating the active ingredient in solid form into the locus of the plants, for example into the soil, for example in the form of granules (soil application). In the case of paddy rice crops, such granules can be metered into the flooded paddy-field.
  • compositions according to the invention are also suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants, against pests of the abovementioned type.
  • plant propagation material for example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants, against pests of the abovementioned type.
  • the propagation material can be treated with the compositions prior to planting, for example seed can be treated prior to sowing.
  • compositions can be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by applying a layer of a solid composition. It is also possible to apply the compositions when the propagation material is planted to the site of application, for example into the seed furrow during drilling.
  • compositions according to the invention comprise drip application onto the soil, dipping of parts of plants such as roots bulbs or tubers, drenching the soil, as well as soil injection. These methods are known in the art.
  • a compound of formula I is usually formulated into a composition which includes, in addition to the compound of formula I, a suitable inert diluent or carrier and, optionally, a formulation adjuvant in form of a surface active agent (SFA) as described herein or, for example, in EP- B-1062217.
  • SFA surface active agent
  • SFAs are chemicals which are able to modify the properties of an interface (for example, liquid/solid, liquid/air or liquid/liquid interfaces) by lowering the interfacial tension and thereby leading to changes in other properties (for example dispersion, emulsification and wetting). It is preferred that all compositions (both solid and liquid formulations) comprise, by weight, 0.0001 to 95%, more preferably 1 to 85%, for example 5 to 60%, of a compound of formula I.
  • the composition is generally used for the control of pests such that a compound of formula I is applied at a rate of from 0.1 g tol Okg per hectare, preferably from 1 g to 6kg per hectare, more preferably from 1 g to 1 kg per hectare.
  • a compound of formula I When used in a seed dressing, a compound of formula I is used at a rate of 0.0001 g to 10g (for example 0.001 g or 0.05g), preferably 0.005g to 10g, more preferably 0.005g to 4g, per kilogram of seed.
  • the present invention provides an insecticidal, acaricidal, nematicidal or molluscicidal composition comprising an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a compound of formula I and a suitable carrier or diluent therefor.
  • the invention provides a method of combating and controlling pests at a locus which comprises treating the pests or the locus of the pests with an insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally or molluscicidally effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of formula I.
  • compositions can be chosen from a number of formulation types, including dustable powders (DP), soluble powders (SP), water soluble granules (SG), water dispersible granules (WG), wettable powders (WP), granules (GR) (slow or fast release), soluble concentrates (SL), oil miscible liquids (OL), ultra low volume liquids (UL), emulsifiable concentrates (EC), dispersible concentrates (DC), emulsions (both oil in water (EW) and water in oil (EO)), micro-emulsions (ME), suspension concentrates (SC), oil-based suspension concentrate (OD), aerosols, fogging/smoke formulations, capsule suspensions (CS) and seed treatment formulations.
  • DP dustable powders
  • SP soluble powders
  • SG water soluble granules
  • WG water dispersible granules
  • WP wettable powders
  • GR granules
  • SL soluble
  • Dustable powders may be prepared by mixing a compound of formula I with one or more solid diluents (for example natural clays, kaolin, pyrophyllite, bentonite, alumina, montmorillonite, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earths, calcium phosphates, calcium and magnesium carbonates, sulphur, lime, flours, talc and other organic and inorganic solid carriers) and mechanically grinding the mixture to a fine powder.
  • solid diluents for example natural clays, kaolin, pyrophyllite, bentonite, alumina, montmorillonite, kieselguhr, chalk, diatomaceous earths, calcium phosphates, calcium and magnesium carbonates, sulphur, lime, flours, talc and other organic and inorganic solid carriers
  • Soluble powders may be prepared by mixing a compound of formula I with one or more water-soluble inorganic salts (such as sodium bicarbonate, sodium carbonate or magnesium sulphate) or one or more water-soluble organic solids (such as a
  • compositions may also be granulated to form water soluble granules (SG).
  • WP Wettable powders
  • WG Water dispersible granules
  • Granules may be formed either by granulating a mixture of a compound of formula I and one or more powdered solid diluents or carriers, or from pre-formed blank granules by absorbing a compound of formula I (or a solution thereof, in a suitable agent) in a porous granular material (such as pumice, attapulgite clays, fuller's earth, kieselguhr, diatomaceous earths or ground corn cobs) or by adsorbing a compound of formula I (or a solution thereof, in a suitable agent) on to a hard core material (such as sands, silicates, mineral carbonates, sulphates or phosphates) and drying if necessary.
  • a hard core material such as sands, silicates, mineral carbonates, sulphates or phosphates
  • Agents which are commonly used to aid absorption or adsorption include solvents (such as aliphatic and aromatic petroleum solvents, alcohols, ethers, ketones and esters) and sticking agents (such as polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, dextrins, sugars and vegetable oils).
  • solvents such as aliphatic and aromatic petroleum solvents, alcohols, ethers, ketones and esters
  • sticking agents such as polyvinyl acetates, polyvinyl alcohols, dextrins, sugars and vegetable oils.
  • One or more other additives may also be included in granules (for example an emulsifying agent, wetting agent or dispersing agent).
  • DC Dispersible Concentrates
  • a compound of formula I may be prepared by dissolving a compound of formula I in water or an organic solvent, such as a ketone, alcohol or glycol ether.
  • organic solvent such as a ketone, alcohol or glycol ether.
  • surface active agent for example to improve water dilution or prevent
  • Emulsifiable concentrates or oil-in-water emulsions (EW) may be prepared by dissolving a compound of formula I in an organic solvent (optionally containing one or more wetting agents, one or more emulsifying agents or a mixture of said agents).
  • organic solvents for use in ECs include aromatic hydrocarbons (such as alkylbenzenes or alkylnaphthalenes, exemplified by SOLVESSO 100, SOLVESSO 150 and SOLVESSO 200; SOLVESSO is a Registered Trade Mark), ketones (such as cyclohexanone or
  • An EC product may spontaneously emulsify on addition to water, to produce an emulsion with sufficient stability to allow spray application through appropriate equipment.
  • EW emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based emulsion-based ethoxysulfate, ethylene glycol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-ol-
  • Microemulsions may be prepared by mixing water with a blend of one or more solvents with one or more SFAs, to produce spontaneously a thermodynamically stable isotropic liquid formulation.
  • a compound of formula I is present initially in either the water or the solvent SFA blend.
  • Suitable solvents for use in MEs include those hereinbefore described for use in in ECs or in EWs.
  • An ME may be either an oil-in-water or a water-in-oil system (which system is present may be determined by conductivity measurements) and may be suitable for mixing water-soluble and oil-soluble pesticides in the same formulation.
  • An ME is suitable for dilution into water, either remaining as a microemulsion or forming a conventional oil-in-water emulsion.
  • SC Suspension concentrates
  • SCs may comprise aqueous or non-aqueous suspensions of finely divided insoluble solid particles of a compound of formula I.
  • SCs may be prepared by ball or bead milling the solid compound of formula I in a suitable medium, optionally with one or more dispersing agents, to produce a fine particle suspension of the compound.
  • One or more wetting agents may be included in the composition and a suspending agent may be included to reduce the rate at which the particles settle.
  • a compound of formula I may be dry milled and added to water, containing agents hereinbefore described, to produce the desired end product.
  • Oil-based suspension concentrate may be prepared similarly by suspending finely divided insoluble solid particles of a compound of formula I in an organic fluid (for example at least one mineral oil or vegetable oil).
  • ODs may further comprise at least one penetration promoter (for example an alcohol ethoxylate or a related compound), at least one non-ionic surfactants and/or at least one anionic surfactant, and optionally at least one additive from the group of emulsifiers, foam-inhibiting agents, preservatives, anti-oxidants, dyestuffs, and/or inert filler materials.
  • An OD is intended and suitable for dilution with water before use to produce a spray solution with sufficient stability to allow spray application through appropriate equipment.
  • Aerosol formulations comprise a compound of formula I and a suitable propellant (for example n-butane).
  • a compound of formula I may also be dissolved or dispersed in a suitable medium (for example water or a water miscible liquid, such as n-propanol) to provide compositions for use in non-pressurised, hand-actuated spray pumps.
  • a compound of formula I may be mixed in the dry state with a pyrotechnic mixture to form a composition suitable for generating, in an enclosed space, a smoke containing the compound.
  • Capsule suspensions may be prepared in a manner similar to the preparation of EW formulations but with an additional polymerisation stage such that an aqueous dispersion of oil droplets is obtained, in which each oil droplet is encapsulated by a polymeric shell and contains a compound of formula I and, optionally, a carrier or diluent therefor.
  • the polymeric shell may be produced by either an interfacial polycondensation reaction or by a coacervation procedure.
  • the compositions may provide for controlled release of the compound of formula I and they may be used for seed treatment.
  • a compound of formula I may also be formulated in a biodegradable polymeric matrix to provide a slow, controlled release of the compound.
  • a compound of formula I may also be formulated for use as a seed treatment, for example as a powder composition, including a powder for dry seed treatment (DS), a water soluble powder (SS) or a water dispersible powder for slurry treatment (WS), or as a liquid composition, including a flowable concentrate (FS), a solution (LS) or a capsule suspension (CS).
  • DS powder for dry seed treatment
  • SS water soluble powder
  • WS water dispersible powder for slurry treatment
  • CS capsule suspension
  • the preparations of DS, SS, WS, FS and LS compositions are very similar to those of, respectively, DP, SP, WP, SC, OD and DC compositions described above.
  • compositions for treating seed may include an agent for assisting the adhesion of the composition to the seed (for example a mineral oil or a film-forming barrier).
  • an agent for assisting the adhesion of the composition to the seed for example a mineral oil or a film-forming barrier.
  • a composition of the present invention may include one or more additives to improve the biological performance of the composition (for example by improving wetting, retention or distribution on surfaces; resistance to rain on treated surfaces; or uptake or mobility of a compound of formula I).
  • additives include surface active agents (SFAs), spray additives based on oils, for example certain mineral oils, vegetable oils or natural plant oils (such as soy bean and rape seed oil), and blends of these with other bio-enhancing adjuvants (ingredients which may aid or modify the action of a compound of formula I).
  • Increasing the effect of a compound of formula I may for example be achieved by adding ammonium and/or phosphonium salts, and/or optionally at least one penetration promotor such as fatty alcohol alkoxylates (for example rape oil methyl ester) or vegetable oil esters.
  • Wetting agents, dispersing agents and emulsifying agents may be surface active agents (SFAs) of the cationic, anionic, amphoteric or non-ionic type.
  • SFAs of the cationic type include quaternary ammonium compounds (for example cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide), imidazolines and amine salts.
  • Suitable anionic SFAs include alkali metals salts of fatty acids, salts of aliphatic monoesters of sulphuric acid (for example sodium lauryl sulphate), salts of sulphonated aromatic compounds (for example sodium dodecylbenzenesulphonate, calcium
  • tetraphosphoric acid additionally these products may be ethoxylated), sulphosuccinamates, paraffin or define sulphonates, taurates and lignosulphonates.
  • Suitable SFAs of the amphoteric type include betaines, propionates and glycinates.
  • Suitable SFAs of the non-ionic type include condensation products of alkylene oxides, such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof, with fatty alcohols (such as oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol) or with alkylphenols (such as octylphenol, nonylphenol or octylcresol); partial esters derived from long chain fatty acids or hexitol anhydrides; condensation products of said partial esters with ethylene oxide; block polymers (comprising ethylene oxide and propylene oxide); alkanolamides; simple esters (for example fatty acid polyethylene glycol esters); amine oxides (for example lauryl dimethyl amine oxide); and lecithins.
  • alkylene oxides such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide or mixtures thereof
  • fatty alcohols such as oleyl alcohol or cetyl alcohol
  • alkylphenols such as octylphenol, nonyl
  • Suitable suspending agents include hydrophilic colloids (such as polysaccharides, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium carboxymethylcellulose) and swelling clays (such as bentonite or attapulgite).
  • hydrophilic colloids such as polysaccharides, polyvinylpyrrolidone or sodium carboxymethylcellulose
  • swelling clays such as bentonite or attapulgite
  • a compound of formula I may be applied by any of the known means of applying pesticidal compounds. For example, it may be applied, formulated or unformulated, to the pests or to a locus of the pests (such as a habitat of the pests, or a growing plant liable to infestation by the pests) or to any part of the plant, including the foliage, stems, branches or roots, to the seed before it is planted or to other media in which plants are growing or are to be planted (such as soil surrounding the roots, the soil generally, paddy water or hydroponic culture systems), directly or it may be sprayed on, dusted on, applied by dipping, applied as a cream or paste formulation, applied as a vapour or applied through distribution or incorporation of a composition (such as a granular composition or a composition packed in a water-soluble bag) in soil or an aqueous environment.
  • a locus of the pests such as a habitat of the pests, or a growing plant liable to infestation by the pests
  • any part of the plant
  • a compound of formula I may also be injected into plants or sprayed onto vegetation using electrodynamic spraying techniques or other low volume methods, or applied by land or aerial irrigation systems.
  • compositions for use as aqueous preparations are generally supplied in the form of a concentrate containing a high proportion of the active ingredient, the concentrate being added to water before use.
  • These concentrates which may include DCs, SCs, ODs, ECs, EWs, MEs SGs, SPs, WPs, WGs and CSs, are often required to withstand storage for prolonged periods and, after such storage, to be capable of addition to water to form aqueous preparations which remain homogeneous for a sufficient time to enable them to be applied by conventional spray equipment.
  • Such aqueous preparations may contain varying amounts of a compound of formula I (for example 0.0001 to 10%, by weight) depending upon the purpose for which they are to be used.
  • a compound of formula I may be used in mixtures with fertilisers (for example nitrogen-, potassium- or phosphorus-containing fertilisers, and more particularly ammonium nitrate and/or urea fertilizers).
  • fertilisers for example nitrogen-, potassium- or phosphorus-containing fertilisers, and more particularly ammonium nitrate and/or urea fertilizers.
  • Suitable formulation types include granules of fertiliser.
  • the mixtures suitably contain up to 25% by weight of the compound of formula I.
  • the invention therefore also provides a fertiliser composition
  • a fertiliser composition comprising a fertiliser and a compound of formula I.
  • the compositions of this invention may contain other compounds having biological activity, for example micronutrients or compounds having fungicidal activity or which possess plant growth regulating, herbicidal, safening, insecticidal, nematicidal or acaricidal activity.
  • the compound of formula I may be the sole active ingredient of the composition or it may be admixed with one or more additional active ingredients such as a pesticide (insect, acarine, mollusc and nematode pesticide), fungicide, synergist, herbicide, safener or plant growth regulator where appropriate.
  • a pesticide insect, acarine, mollusc and nematode pesticide
  • fungicide fungicide
  • synergist fungicide
  • herbicide herbicide
  • safener plant growth regulator
  • An additional active ingredient may: provide a composition having a broader spectrum of activity or increased persistence at a locus; provide a composition demonstrating better plant/crop tolerance by reducing phytotoxicity; provide a composition controlling insects in their different development stages; synergise the activity or complement the activity (for example by increasing the speed of effect or overcoming repellency) of the compound of formula I; or help to overcome or prevent the development of resistance to individual components.
  • suitable pesticides include the following:
  • a) Pyrethroids such as permethrin, cypermethrin, fenvalerate, esfenvalerate, deltamethrin, cyhalothrin (in particular lambda-cyhalothrin), bifenthrin, fenpropathrin, cyfluthrin, tefluthrin, fish safe pyrethroids (for example ethofenprox), natural pyrethrin, tetramethrin,
  • Organophosphates such as, profenofos, sulprofos, acephate, methyl parathion, azinphos-methyl, demeton-s-methyl, heptenophos, thiometon, fenamiphos, monocrotophos, profenofos, triazophos, methamidophos, dimethoate, phosphamidon, malathion,
  • Carbamates including aryl carbamates
  • pirimicarb triazamate
  • cloethocarb carbofuran
  • furathiocarb furathiocarb
  • ethiofencarb aldicarb
  • thiofurox carbosulfan
  • bendiocarb fenobucarb
  • propoxur methomyl or oxamyl
  • Benzoyl ureas such as diflubenzuron, triflumuron, hexaflumuron, flufenoxuron or chlorfluazuron;
  • Organic tin compounds such as cyhexatin, fenbutatin oxide or azocyclotin;
  • Macrolides such as avermectins or milbemycins, for example abamectin, emamectin benzoate, ivermectin, milbemycin, or spinosad, spinetoram or azadirachtin;
  • Organochlorine compounds such as endosulfan, benzene hexachloride, DDT, chlordane or dieldrin;
  • Amidines such as chlordimeform or amitraz
  • Fumigant agents such as chloropicrin, dichloropropane, methyl bromide or metam
  • Neonicotinoid compounds such as imidacloprid, thiacloprid, acetamiprid, clothianidin, nitenpyram, dinotefuran or thiamethoxam;
  • Diacylhydrazines such as tebufenozide, chromafenozide or methoxyfenozide
  • Diphenyl ethers such as diofenolan or pyriproxifen
  • pesticides having particular targets may be employed in the composition, if appropriate for the intended utility of the composition.
  • selective insecticides for particular crops for example stemborer specific insecticides (such as cartap) or hopper specific insecticides (such as buprofezin) for use in rice may be employed.
  • insecticides or acaricides specific for particular insect species/stages may also be included in the compositions (for example acaricidal ovo-larvicides, such as clofentezine, flubenzimine, hexythiazox or tetradifon; acaricidal motilicides, such as dicofol or propargite; acaricides, such as bromopropylate or chlorobenzilate; or growth regulators, such as hydramethylnon, cyromazine, methoprene, chlorfluazuron or diflubenzuron).
  • acaricidal ovo-larvicides such as clofentezine, flubenzimine, hexythiazox or tetradifon
  • acaricidal motilicides such as dicofol or propargite
  • acaricides such as bromopropylate or chlorobenzilate
  • growth regulators such
  • an adjuvant selected from the group of substances consisting of an oil of vegetable or animal origin, a mineral oil, alkyl esters of such oils or mixtures of such oils, and petroleum oils (alternative name) (628) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • an acaricide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1 ,1-bis(4-chloro- phenyl)-2-ethoxyethanol (lUPAC name) (910) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 2,4- dichlorophenyl benzenesulfonate (lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1059) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 2-fluoro-/V-methyl-/V-1 -naphthylacetamide (lUPAC name) (1295) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 4-chlorophenyl phenyl sulfone (lUPAC name) (981 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, abamectin (1 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I aldoxycarb (863) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, alpha- cypermethrin (202) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amidithion (870) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amidoflumet [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amidothioate (872) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amiton (875) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amitraz (24) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, aramite (881 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, arsenous oxide (882) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, AVI 382 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, AZ 60541 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, azinphos-ethyl (4
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I brofenvalerate (alternative name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bromocyclen (918) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bromophos (920) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bromophos-ethyl (921 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bromopropylate (94) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, buprofezin (99) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, butocarboxim (103) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, butoxycarboxim (104) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, butylpyridaben (alternative name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, calcium polysulfide (lUPAC name) (1 1 1 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, camphechlor (941 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, carbanolate (943) + COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I carbophenothion (947) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, CGA 50'439 (development code) (125) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chinomethionat (126) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorbenside (959) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlordimeform (964) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorfenapyr (130) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorfenethol (968) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorfenson (970) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorfensulphide (971 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorfenvinphos (131 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorobenzilate (975) + COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I demephion-0 (1037) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demephion-S (1037) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton (1038) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-methyl (224) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-0 (1038) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-O-methyl (224) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-S (1038) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-S-methyl (224) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I demeton-S-methylsulphon (1039) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, diafenthiuron (226) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dialifos (1042) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, diazinon (227) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dichlofluanid (230) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dichlorvos (236) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dicliphos (alternative name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dicofol (242) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dicrotophos (243) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dienochlor (1071 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, diflovidazin [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimefox (1081 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimethoate (262) + COMP
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I phosphamidon (639) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, phoxim (642) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pirimiphos-methyl (652) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, polynactins (alternative name) (653) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, proclonol (1350) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, profenofos (662) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, promacyl (1354) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, propargite (671 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, propetamphos (673) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, propoxur (678) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, prothidathion (1360) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, prothoate (
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I selamectin (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, SI-0009 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sophamide (1402) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, spirodiclofen (738) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, spiromesifen (739) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, SSI-121 (development code)
  • TEPP 1431 + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, terbam (alternative name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, tetrachlorvinphos (777) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, tetradifon (786) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, tetranactin (alternative name) (653) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, tetrasul (1425) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, thiafenox (alternative name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, thiocarboxime (1431 ) + COMPOUND OF
  • algicide selected from the group of substances consisting of bethoxazin [CCN] +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I copper dioctanoate (lUPAC name) (170) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, copper sulfate (172) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, cybutryne [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dichlone (1052) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dichlorophen (232) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, endothal (295) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fentin (347) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, hydrated lime [CCN] +
  • an anthelmintic selected from the group of substances consisting of abamectin (1 ) +
  • an avicide selected from the group of substances consisting of chloralose (127) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, endrin (1 122) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fenthion (346) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pyridin-4-amine (lUPAC name) (23) and strychnine (745) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • a bactericide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1-hydroxy-1 H- pyridine-2-thione (lUPAC name) (1222) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 4-(quinoxalin-2- ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (lUPAC name) (748) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 8- hydroxyquinoline sulfate (446) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bronopol (97) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I copper dioctanoate (lUPAC name) (170) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, copper hydroxide (lUPAC name) (169) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, cresol [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dichlorophen (232) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dipyrithione (1 105) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dodicin (1 1 12) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fenaminosulf (1 144) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, formaldehyde (404) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, hydrargaphen (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, kasugamycin (483) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, kasugamycin hydrochloride hydrate (483) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, nickel bis(dimethyldithiocarba
  • a biological agent selected from the group of substances consisting of Adoxophyes orana GV (alternative name) (12) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Agrobacterium radiobacter (alternative name) (13) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Amblyseius spp. (alternative name) (19) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Anagrapha falcifera NPV
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I Autographa californica NPV (alternative name) (38) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Bacillus firmus (alternative name) (48) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Bacillus sphaericus Neide (scientific name) (49) + COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. japonensis (scientific name) (51 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (scientific name) (51 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Bacillus thuringiensis subsp.
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I Dacnusa sibirica (alternative name) (212) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Diglyphus isaea (alternative name) (254) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Encarsia formosa (scientific name) (293) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Eretmocerus eremicus (alternative name) (300) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Helicoverpa zea NPV (alternative name) (431 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H.
  • Steinernema carpocapsae (alternative name) (742) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Steinernema feltiae (alternative name) (742) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Steinernema glaseri (alternative name) (742) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Steinernema riobrave (alternative name) (742) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, Steinernema riobravis
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I Typhlodromus occidentalis (alternative name) (844) and Verticillium lecanii (alternative name) (848) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • a soil sterilant selected from the group of substances consisting of dimethyl disulfide (lUPAC name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, iodomethane (lUPAC name) (542) and methyl bromide (537) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • a chemosterilant selected from the group of substances consisting of apholate [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bisazir (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, busulfan (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, diflubenzuron (250) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimatif (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, hemel [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, hempa [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, metepa [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methiotepa [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methyl apholate [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, morzid [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, penfluron (alternative name) [
  • an insect pheromone selected from the group of substances consisting of (£)-dec-5- en-1 -yl acetate with (£)-dec-5-en-1 -ol (lUPAC name) (222) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, (£)-tridec-4-en-1 -yl acetate (lUPAC name) (829) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, (£)-6- methylhept-2-en-4-ol (lUPAC name) (541 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, (E,Z)- tetradeca-4,10-dien-1-yl acetate (lUPAC name) (779) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, (Z)- dodec-7-en-1-yl acetate (lUPAC name) (285) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, (Z)- hexadec-1 1-enal (lUPAC name) (436) + COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I cuelure (alternative name) (179) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, disparlure (277) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1-yl acetate (lUPAC name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dodec-8-en-1-yl acetate (lUPAC name) (286) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dodec-9-en-1-yl acetate (lUPAC name) (287) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dodeca-8 + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 10- dien-1-yl acetate (lUPAC name) (284) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dominicalure (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, ethyl 4-methyloctanoate
  • an insect repellent selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-(octylthio)- ethanol (lUPAC name) (591 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, butopyronoxyl (933) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, butoxy(polypropylene glycol) (936) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dibutyl adipate (lUPAC name) (1046) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dibutyl phthalate (1047) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dibutyl succinate (lUPAC name) (1048) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, diethylamide [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimethyl carbate [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimethyl phthalate [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, ethyl hexanediol (1 137) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I
  • an insecticide selected from the group of substances consisting of 1 -dichloro-1- nitroethane (lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1058) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 1 ,1- dichloro-2,2-bis(4-ethylphenyl)ethane (lUPAC name) (1056), + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 1 ,2-dichloropropane (lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1062) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 1 ,2-dichloropropane with 1 ,3-dichloropropene (lUPAC name) (1063) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 1 -bromo-2-chloroethane (lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (916) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 2,2,2-trichloro-1 -(3,4-dichlorophenyl)ethyl acetate (lUPAC name)
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I amidithion (870) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amidothioate (872) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, aminocarb (873) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amiton (875) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amiton hydrogen oxalate (875) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, amitraz (24) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, anabasine (877) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, athidathion (883) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, AVI 382 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, AZ 60541 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, azadirachtin (alternative name) (41 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, azamethiphos (42) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, azinphos-ethyl (44)
  • FORMULA I cadusafos (109) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, calcium arsenate [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, calcium cyanide (444) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, calcium polysulfide (lUPAC name) (1 1 1 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, camphechlor (941 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, carbanolate (943) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, carbaryl (1 15) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, carbofuran (1 18) + COMPOUND OF
  • FORMULA I carbon disulfide (lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (945) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, carbon tetrachloride (lUPAC name) (946) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, carbophenothion (947) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, carbosulfan (1 19) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, cartap (123) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, cartap hydrochloride (123) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, celangulin (alternative name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, verdine (alternative name) (725) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorantraniliprole [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorbicyclen (960) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I chlordane (128) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlordecone (963) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlordimeform (964) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlordimeform hydrochloride (964) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorethoxyfos (129) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorfenapyr (130) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorfenvinphos (131 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorfluazuron (132) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlormephos (136) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chloroform [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chloropicrin (141 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorphoxim (989) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorprazophos (990) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I decarbofuran (1034) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, deltamethrin (223) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demephion (1037) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demephion-0 (1037) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demephion-S (1037) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton (1038) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-methyl (224) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-0 (1038) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-O-methyl (224) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-S (1038) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-S-methyl (224) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-S-methyl (224) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, demeton-S-methyl (224) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I dicyclanil (244) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dieldrin (1070) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, diethyl 5-methylpyrazol-3-yl phosphate (lUPAC name) (1076) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, diflubenzuron (250) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dilor (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimefluthrin [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimefox (1081 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimetan (1085) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimethoate (262) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimethrin (1083) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimethylvinphos (265) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, dimetilan (1086) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I flonicamid (358) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flubendiamide (CAS. Reg. No.: 272451-65-7) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flucofuron (1 168) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flucycloxuron (366) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flucythrinate (367) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fluenetil (1 169) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fluensulfon [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flufenerim [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flufenoxuron (370) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flufenprox (1 171 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flufiprole [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flumethrin (372) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flup
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I hydroprene (445) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, hyquincarb (1223) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, imidacloprid (458) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, imiprothrin (460) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, indoxacarb (465) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, iodomethane (lUPAC name) (542) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, IPPA-152004 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, IPSP (1229) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, isazofos (1231 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, isobenzan (1232) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, isocarbophos (alternative name) (473) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, isodrin (1235) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, isofen
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I malathion (492) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, malonoben (1254) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, mazidox (1255) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, mecarbam (502) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, mecarphon (1258) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, menazon (1260) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, mephosfolan (1261 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, mercurous chloride (513) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I mesulfenfos (1263) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, metaflumizone (CCN) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, metam (519) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, metam-potassium (alternative name) (519) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, metam-sodium (519) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methacrifos (1266) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methamidophos (527) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methanesulfonyl fluoride (lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1268) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methidathion (529) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methiocarb (530) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methocrotophos (1273) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methomy
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I monocrotophos (561 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, morphothion (1300) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, moxidectin (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, naftalofos (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, naled (567) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, naphthalene (lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1303) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, NC-170 (development code) (1306) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, NC-184 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, nicotine (578) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, nicotine sulfate (578) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, nifluridide (1309) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, nitenpyram
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I oxydemeton-methyl (609) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, oxydeprofos (1324) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, oxydisulfoton (1325) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pp'-DDT (219) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, para-dichlorobenzene [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, parathion (615) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, parathion-methyl (616) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, penfluron (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pentachlorophenol (623) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pentachlorophenyl laurate (lUPAC name) (623) + COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I pirimicarb (651 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pirimiphos-ethyl (1345) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pirimiphos-methyl (652) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, polychlorodicyclopentadiene isomers (lUPAC name) (1346) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, polychloroterpenes (traditional name) (1347) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I potassium arsenite [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, potassium thiocyanate [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, prallethrin (655) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I precocene I (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, precocene II (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, precocene III (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, primidophos (1349) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, profenofos (662) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, profluthrin [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, promacyl (1354) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, promecarb (1355) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, propaphos (1356) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, propetamphos (673) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, propoxur (678) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, prothidathion (1360) + COMPOUND OF FORMUL
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I pyrimidifen (706) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pyrimitate (1370) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pyriprole [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, pyriproxyfen (708) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, quassia (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, quinalphos (71 1 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, quinalphos-methyl (1376) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, quinothion (1380) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, quintiofos (1381 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, R-1492 (development code) (1382) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, rafoxanide
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I SI-0009 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, SI-0205 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, SI-0404 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, SI-0405 (compound code) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, silafluofen (728) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, SN 72129 (development code) (1397) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sodium arsenite [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sodium cyanide (444) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sodium fluoride (lUPAC/Chemical Abstracts name) (1399) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sodium hexafluorosilicate (1400) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sodium pentachlorophenoxide (623) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sodium selenate (lUPAC name)
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I spinetoram [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, spinosad (737) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, spiromesifen (739) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, spirotetramat [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sulcofuron (746) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sulcofuron-sodium (746) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sulfluramid (750) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sulfotep (753) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sulfoxaflor [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sulfuryl fluoride (756) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sulprofos (1408) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, tar oils (alternative name) (758) + COMPOUND OF
  • a molluscicide selected from the group of substances consisting of bis(tributyltin) oxide (lUPAC name) (913) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bromoacetamide [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, calcium arsenate [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, cloethocarb (999) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, copper acetoarsenite [CCN] +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I copper sulfate (172) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fentin (347) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, ferric phosphate (lUPAC name) (352) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, metaldehyde (518) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, methiocarb (530) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, niclosamide (576) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, niclosamide-olamine (576) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • FORMULA I tributyltin oxide (913) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, trifenmorph (1454) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, trimethacarb (840) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, triphenyltin acetate (lUPAC name) (347) and triphenyltin hydroxide (lUPAC name) (347) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • a nematicide selected from the group of substances consisting of AKD-3088
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I 3-(4-chlorophenyl)-5-methylrhodanine (lUPAC name) (980) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 5-methyl-6-thioxo-1 ,3,5-thiadiazinan-3-ylacetic acid (lUPAC name) (1286) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 6-isopentenylaminopurine (alternative name) (210) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, abamectin (1 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, acetoprole [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, alanycarb (15) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I emamectin (291 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, emamectin benzoate (291 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, eprinomectin (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, ethoprophos (312) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, ethylene dibromide (316) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fenamiphos (326) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fenpyrad (alternative name) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fensulfothion (1 158) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fluensulfone (CAS.
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I methyl isothiocyanate (543) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, milbemycin oxime (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • a nitrification inhibitor selected from the group of substances consisting of potassium ethylxanthate [CCN] and nitrapyrin (580) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • a plant activator selected from the group of substances consisting of acibenzolar (6) +
  • a rodenticide selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-isovalerylindan- 1 ,3-dione (lUPAC name) (1246) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 4-(quinoxalin-2- ylamino)benzenesulfonamide (lUPAC name) (748) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, alpha- chlorohydrin [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, aluminium phosphide (640) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I antu (880) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, arsenous oxide (882) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, barium carbonate (891 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bisthiosemi (912) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, brodifacoum (89) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bromadiolone (91 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, bromethalin (92) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, calcium cyanide (444) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chloralose (127) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, chlorophacinone (140) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, cholecalciferol (alternative name) (850) +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I coumachlor (1004) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, coumafuryl (1005) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, coumatetralyl (175) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, crimidine (1009) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, difenacoum (246) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, difethialone (249) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, diphacinone (273) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, ergocalciferol (301 ) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flocoumafen (357) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, fluoroacetamide (379) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flupropadine (1 183) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, flupropadine hydrochloride (1 183) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, gamma-HCH
  • a synergist selected from the group of substances consisting of 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)- ethyl piperonylate (lUPAC name) (934) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, 5-(1 ,3- benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hexylcyclohex-2-enone (lUPAC name) (903) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, farnesol with nerolidol (alternative name) (324) + COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I sesamex (1393) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, sesasmolin (1394) and sulfoxide (1406) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, an animal repellent selected from the group of substances consisting of
  • a virucide selected from the group of substances consisting of imanin (alternative name) [CCN] and ribavirin (alternative name) [CCN] + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I
  • a wound protectant selected from the group of substances consisting of mercuric oxide (512) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, octhilinone (590) and thiophanate-methyl (802) + COMPOUND OF FORMULA I,
  • insecticide selected from the group consisting of the compound of
  • the compounds of formula I according to the invention can also be used in combination with one or more fungicides.
  • the term COMPOUND OF FORMULA I preferably refers to a compound selected from one of the Table 1 :
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + fenoxystrobin COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + fenpiclonil
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + fenpropidin COMPOUND OF FORMULA I +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + polyoxin D COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + polyram, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + probenazole, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + prochloraz, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + procymidone, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I +
  • the compounds of formula I may be mixed with soil, peat or other rooting media for the protection of plants against seed-borne, soil-borne or foliar fungal diseases.
  • the compounds of formula I according to the invention can also be used in combination with one or more other synergists.
  • the following mixtures of the COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, where this term preferably refers to a compound selected from one of the Table 1 are important:
  • the compounds of formula I according to the invention can also be used in combination with one or more other herbicides.
  • the following mixtures of the COMPOUND OF FORMULA I, where this term preferably refers to a compound selected from one of the Table 1 are important:
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + chloroacetic acid COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + chlorotoluron, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + chlorpropham, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + chlorsulfuron, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + chlorthal, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + chlorthal-dimethyl, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + cinidon-ethyl, COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA + ortho-dichlorobenzene COMPOUND OF FORMULA 1 + para-dichlorobenzene, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + dichlorprop, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + dichlorprop-P, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + diclofop, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + diclofop-methyl, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + diclosulam, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + difenzoquat, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + difenzoquat metilsulfate, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + diflufenican, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + diflufenzopyr, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + dimefuron, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + dimepiperate, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + dimethachlor, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I +
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + phenmedipham-ethyl COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + picloram, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + picolinafen, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pinoxaden, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + piperophos, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + potassium arsenite, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + potassium azide, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pretilachlor, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + primisulfuron, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + primisulfuron-methyl, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + prodiamine, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + profluazol, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + profoxydim, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + prometon, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + prometryn, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + propachlor, COMPOUND
  • prosulfocarb COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + prosulfuron, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyraclonil, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyraflufen, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyraflufen-ethyl, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyrasulfutole, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyrazolynate, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyrazosulfuron, COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyribenzoxim COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyributicarb
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyridafol COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyridate
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyriftalid COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyriminobac, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyriminobac-methyl, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyrimisulfan, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyrithiobac, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyrithiobac-sodium, COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + pyroxsulam, COMPOUND OF
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + sulcotrione COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + sulfentrazone
  • COMPOUND OF FORMULA I + sulfometuron COMPOUND OF FORMULA I +
  • the compounds of formula (I) according to the invention can also be used in combination with safeners.
  • the compound of the formula (I) is one of those compounds listed in Table 1 above.
  • the following mixtures with safeners especially, come into consideration: compound of formula (I) + cloquintocet-mexyl, compound of formula (I) + cloquintocet acid and salts thereof, compound of formula (I) + cyprosulfamide, compound of formula (I) + fenchlorazole-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + fenchlorazole acid and salts thereof, compound of formula (I) + mefenpyr-diethyl, compound of formula (I) + mefenpyr diacid, compound of formula (I) + isoxadifen-ethyl, compound of formula (I) + isoxadifen acid, compound of formula (I) + furilazole, compound of formula (I) + furilazole R isomer,
  • a safening effect can also be observed for the mixtures compound of the formula (I) + dymron, compound of the formula (I) + MCPA, compound of the formula (I) + mecoprop and compound of the formula (I) + mecoprop-P.
  • the mixing ratios can vary over a large range and are, preferably 100:1 to 1 :6000, especially 50:1 to 1 :50, more especially 20:1 to 1 :20, even more especially 10:1 to 1 :10.
  • Those mixing ratios are understood to include, on the one hand, ratios by weight and also, on other hand, molar ratios.
  • the mixtures can advantageously be used in the above-mentioned formulations (in which case "active ingredient” relates to the respective mixture of compound of formula I with the mixing partner).
  • Some mixtures may comprise active ingredients which have significantly different physical, chemical or biological properties such that they do not easily lend themselves to the same conventional formulation type.
  • other formulation types may be prepared.
  • one active ingredient is a water insoluble solid and the other a water insoluble liquid
  • SE suspoemulsion
  • the mixtures comprising a compound of formula I selected from Table T1 and one or more active ingredients as described above can be applied, for example, in a single "ready-mix” form, in a combined spray mixture composed from separate formulations of the single active ingredient components, such as a "tank-mix", and in a combined use of the single active ingredients when applied in a sequential manner, i.e. one after the other with a reasonably short period, such as a few hours or days.
  • the order of applying the compounds of formula I selected from Table T1 and the active ingredients as described above is not essential for working the present invention.
  • a compound of the formula (I) in a preferred embodiment, independent of any other embodiments, is in the form of a plant propagation material treating (or protecting) composition, wherein said plant propagation material protecting composition may comprises additionally a colouring agent.
  • the plant propagation material protecting composition or mixture may also comprise at least one polymer from water-soluble and water-dispersible film-forming polymers that improve the adherence of the active ingredients to the treated plant propagation material, which polymer generally has an average molecular weight of at least 10,000 to about 100,000.
  • Examples of application methods for the compounds of the invention and compositions thereof, that is the methods of controlling pests in the agriculture, are spraying, atomizing, dusting, brushing on, dressing, scattering or pouring - which are to be selected to suit the intended aims of the prevailing circumstances.
  • the active ingredient can reach the plants via the root system (systemic action), by applying the compound to the locus of the plants, for example by application of a liquid composition of the compound into the soil (by drenching), or by applying a solid form of the compound in the form of granules to the soil (soil application). In the case of paddy rice plants, such granules can be metered into the flooded paddy-field.
  • the application of the compounds of the present invention to the soil is a preferred application method.
  • Typical rates of application per hectare is generally 1 to 2000 g of active ingredient per hectare, in particular 10 to 1000 g/ha, preferably 10 to 600 g/ha, such as 50 to 300 g/ha.
  • the compounds of the invention and compositions thereof are also suitable for the protection of plant propagation material, for example seeds, such as fruit, tubers or kernels, or nursery plants, against pests of the abovementioned type.
  • the propagation material can be treated with the compound prior to planting, for example seed can be treated prior to sowing.
  • the compound can be applied to seed kernels (coating), either by soaking the kernels in a liquid composition or by applying a layer of a solid composition. It is also possible to apply the compositions when the propagation material is planted to the site of application, for example into the seed furrow during drilling.
  • Typical treatment rates would depend on the plant and pest/fungi to be controlled and are generally between 1 to 200 grams per 100 kg of seeds, preferably between 5 to 150 grams per 100 kg of seeds, such as between 10 to 100 grams per 100 kg of seeds.
  • the application of the compounds of the present invention to seeds is a preferred application method.
  • seed embraces seeds and plant propagules of all kinds including but not limited to true seeds, seed pieces, suckers, corns, bulbs, fruit, tubers, grains, rhizomes, cuttings, cut shoots and the like and means in a preferred embodiment true seeds.
  • the present invention also comprises seeds coated or treated with or containing a compound of formula I.
  • coated or treated with and/or containing generally signifies that the active ingredient is for the most part on the surface of the seed at the time of application, although a greater or lesser part of the ingredient may penetrate into the seed material, depending on the method of application.
  • the seed product When the said seed product is (re)planted, it may absorb the active ingredient.
  • the present invention makes available a plant propagation material adhered thereto with a compound of formula (I). Further, it is hereby made available, a composition comprising a plant propagation material treated with a compound of formula (I).
  • Seed treatment comprises all suitable seed treatment techniques known in the art, such as seed dressing, seed coating, seed dusting, seed soaking and seed pelleting.
  • the seed treatment application of the compound formula I which is a preferred application method, can be carried out by any known methods, such as spraying or by dusting the seeds before sowing or during the sowing/planting of the seeds.
  • Compounds of this invention are effective for controlling nematode, insect, acarid pests and/or fungal pathogens of agronomic plants, both growing and harvested, when employed alone, they may also be used in combination with other biological active agents used in agriculture, such as one or more nematicides, insecticides, acaricides, fungicides, bactericides, plant activator, molluscicide, and pheromones (whether chemical or biological). Mixing the compounds of the invention or the compositions thereof in the use form as pesticides with other pesticides frequently results in a broader pesticidal spectrum of action.
  • formula (I) compounds of this invention may be used effectively in conjunction or combination with pyrethroids, neonicotinoids, macrolides, diamides, phosphates, carbamates, cyclodienes, formamidines, phenol tin compounds, chlorinated hydrocarbons, benzoylphenyl ureas, pyrroles and the like.
  • compositions according to the invention can be broadened considerably, and adapted to prevailing circumstances, by adding, for example, one or more insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally and/or fungicidally active agents.
  • the combinations compounds of formula (I) with other insecticidally, acaricidally, nematicidally and/or fungicidally active agents may also have further surprising advantages which can also be described, in a wider sense, as synergistic activity. For example, better tolerance by plants, reduced phytotoxicity, pests or fungi can be controlled in their different development stages or better behaviour during their production, for example during grinding or mixing, during their storage or during their use.
  • a method of combating and controlling insects from the Aphididae family which are resistant to a neonicotinoid insecticide comprises applying a compound of the formula (I) in free form or in agrochemically acceptable salt form to said neonicotinoid resistant insects.
  • the invention also provides a method of protecting a crop of useful plants, wherein said crop is susceptible to and/or under attack from such insects which are resistant to a neonicotinoid insecticide.
  • a method involves applying to said crop, treating a plant propagation material of said crop with, and/or applying to said insects, a compound of the formula (I) in free form or in agrochemically acceptable salt form.
  • neonicotinoid resistant aphids it may be used in a resistance management strategy with a view to controlling resistance to the neonicotinoid class of insecticides.
  • a strategy may involve alternating applications of a compound of the formula (I) and a neonicotinoid insecticide, to said insects or to a crop of useful plants susceptible to and/or under attack from said insects.
  • Such a strategy can be applied either on an application by application alternation (including different types of application, such as treatment of plant propagation material and foliar spray), or seasonal/crop alternation basis (e.g. use of a compound according to claim 1 on a first crop/for control in a first growing season, and use a neonicotinoid insecticide for a subsequent crop/growing season, or vice versa), and this forms yet a further aspect of the invention.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides a method of controlling a plant virus in a crop of useful plants susceptible to and/or under attack by neonicotinoid resistant insects which carry said plant virus, which method comprises applying to said crop, treating a plant propagation material of said crop with, and/or applying to said insects, the compound of the formula (I) in free form or in agrochemically acceptable salt form.
  • plant viruses that may be controlled according to this aspect of the invention include Sobemovirus, Caulimovirus (Caulimoviridae), Closterovirus
  • Cytorhabdovirus (Rhabdoviridae), Nucleorhabdovirus (Rhabdoviridae).
  • Methods of the invention as described herein may also involve a step of assessing whether insects are resistant to neonicotinoid insecticides and/or whether said insects carry a plant virus.
  • This step will in general involve collecting a sample of insects from the area (e.g. crop, field, habitat) to be treated, before actually applying the compound of the formula (I), and testing (for example using any suitable phenotypic, biochemical or molecular biological technique applicable) for resistance/sensitivity and/or the presence or absence of a virus.
  • neonicotinoid insecticide refers to any insecticidal compound that acts at the insect nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, and in particular refers to those compounds classified as neonicotinoid insectides according to Yamamoto (1996,
  • neonicotinoid insecticides include those in Group 4A of the IRAC (insecticide resistance action committee, Crop Life) mode of action
  • classification scheme e.g. acetamiprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, imidacloprid, nitenpyram, thiacloprid, and thiamethoxam, as well as any compound having the same mode of action.
  • control or “controlling” as applied to insects, it is meant that the targeted insects are repelled from or less attracted to the crops to be protected. Additionally, as applied to insects, the terms “control” or “controlling” may also refer to the inability, or reduced ability, of the insects to feed or lay eggs. These terms may further include that the targeted insects are killed.
  • the method of the invention may involve the use of an amount of the active ingredient that is sufficient to repel insects (i.e a repellently effective amount of active ingredient), an amount of the active ingredient that is sufficient to stop insects feeding, or it may involve the use of an insecticidally effective amount of active ingredient (i.e. an amount sufficient to kill insects), or any combination of the above effects.
  • control or “controlling” are applied to viruses it is meant that the level of viral infection of a crop of useful plants is lower than would be observed in the absence of any application of the compound of the formula (I).
  • applying and “application” are understood to mean direct application to the insect to be controlled, as well as indirect application to said insect, for example through application to the crop or plant on which the insect acts as pest, or to the locus of said crop or insect, or indeed through treatment of the plant propagation material of said crop of plant.
  • the compound of the formula (I) may be applied by any of the known means of applying pesticidal compounds.
  • it may be applied, formulated or
  • a locus of the pests such as a habitat of the pests, or a growing plant liable to infestation by the pests
  • any part of the plant including the foliage, stems, branches or roots
  • to the plant propagation material such as seed, before it is planted or to other media in which plants are growing or are to be planted (such as soil surrounding the roots, the soil generally, paddy water or hydroponic culture systems), directly or it may be sprayed on, dusted on, applied by dipping, applied as a cream or paste formulation, applied as a vapour or applied through distribution or incorporation of a composition (such as a granular composition or a composition packed in a water-soluble bag) in soil or an aqueous environment.
  • a composition such as a granular composition or a composition packed in a water-soluble bag
  • the methods of the invention are particularly applicable to the control of
  • neonicotinoid resistant insects and neonicotinoid resistance in insects of the family Aphididae, such as: Acyrthosiphum pisum, Aphis citricola, Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis frangulae, Aphis glycines, Aphis gossypii, Aphis nasturtii, Aphis pomi, Aphis spiraecola, Aulacorthum solani, Brachycaudus helichrysi, Brevicoryne brassicae, Diuraphis noxia, Dysaphis devecta, Dysaphis plantaginea, Eriosoma lanigerum, Hyalopterus pruni, Lipaphis erysimi, Macrosiphum avenae, Macrosiphum euphorbiae, Macrosiphum rosae, Myzus cerasi F., Myzus
  • neonicotinoid resistant aphids include Acyrthosiphum pisum,
  • Rhopalosiphum insertum Wa Rhopalosiphum maidis Fitch
  • Rhopalosiphum padi L Schizaphis graminum Rond., Sitobion avenae, Toxoptera aurantii, Toxoptera citricola, and Phylloxera vitifoliae.
  • the neonicotinoid resistant aphids are one or more of Aphis gossypii and Myzus persicae.
  • the methods of the invention have the effect of controlling insect pest and or viral infestation in crops of useful plants, said methods may also be viewed as methods of improving and/or maintaining plant health in said crops or as methods of
  • Crops of useful plants that may be protected according to the invention, and to which the compound of the formula (I) may be applied in accordance with the invention, include: cereals, such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, rice, maize (fodder maize and sugar maize / sweet and field corn) or sorghum; beet, such as sugar or fodder beet; fruit, for example
  • pomaceous fruit, stone fruit, tree nut or soft fruit such as apples, pears, plums, peaches, bananas, almonds, walnuts, pistachios, cherries or berries, for example strawberries, raspberries or blackberries; leguminous crops, such as beans, lentils, peas or soya; oil crops, such as oilseed rape, mustard, poppies, olives, sunflowers, coconut, castor, cocoa or ground nuts; cucurbits, such as pumpkins, marrow, cucumbers or melons; fibre plants, such as cotton, flax, hemp or jute; citrus fruit, such as oranges, lemons, Clementines, grapefruit or tangerines; vegetables, such as spinach, lettuce, asparagus, cabbages, iceberg, carrots, onions, tomatoes, paprika, potatoes or bell peppers; Lauraceae, such as avocado, Cinnamonium or camphor; and also tobacco, nuts, coffee, eggplants, sugarcane, tea, pepper, grapevines, hops, the plantain
  • Crops of useful plants are to be understood as including those which are/have been made tolerant to herbicides or classes of herbicide (such as, for example, imidazolinones such as imazamox, as is the case with Clearfield® Rice) and/or insecticide or classes of insecticide, and/or which have acquired a so-called "output" trait (e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value, improved yield etc.) by conventional plant-breeding or genetic engineering methods.
  • herbicides or classes of herbicide such as, for example, imidazolinones such as imazamox, as is the case with Clearfield® Rice
  • insecticide or classes of insecticide e.g. improved storage stability, higher nutritional value, improved yield etc.
  • useful plants include those where the plants are transgenic, or where the plants have inherited a trait as a consequence of the introduction at least one transgene in their lineage.
  • Table below lists key aphids and crops they target.
  • Aphis gossypii Cotton aphid cotton, vegetables, citrus, potato
  • Myzus cerasi F Black cherry aphid cherry, stone fruits Myzus nicotianae Tobacco aphid tobacco
  • sugarbeet potato, cereals, sugarcane, maize, ornamentals
  • sugarbeet potato, cereals, sugarcane, maize, ornamentals
  • plant propagation material is understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant, such as seeds, which can be used for the multiplication of the latter and vegetative plant materials such as cuttings and tubers (for example, potatoes).
  • part of a plant includes propagation material.
  • the seeds in the strict sense
  • roots e.g., roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, parts of plants.
  • Germinated plants and young plants which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from the soil, may also be mentioned. These young plants may be protected before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion.
  • Parts of plant and plant organs that grow at later point in time are any sections of a plant that develop from a plant propagation material, such as a seed. Parts of plant, plant organs, and plants can also benefit from the pest damage protection achieved by the application of the compound on to the plant propagation material.
  • certain parts of a plant and certain plant organs that grow at later point in time can also be considered as plant propagation material, which can themselves be applied (or treated) with the compound; and consequently, the plant, further parts of the plant and further plant organs that develop from the treated parts of plant and treated plant organs can also benefit from the pest damage protection achieved by the application of the compound on to the certain parts of plant and certain plant organs.
  • propagation material especially seeds
  • the present method can be applied to a seed in any physiological state, it is preferred that the seed be in a sufficiently durable state that it incurs no damage during the treatment process.
  • the seed would be a seed that had been harvested from the field; removed from the plant; and separated from any cob, stalk, outer husk, and surrounding pulp or other non-seed plant material.
  • the seed would preferably also be biologically stable to the extent that the treatment would cause no biological damage to the seed. It is believed that the treatment can be applied to the seed at any time between harvest of the seed and sowing of the seed or during the sowing process (seed directed applications).
  • the seed may also be primed either before or after the treatment.
  • Treatment could vary from a thin film (dressing) of a formulation containing the compound, for example, a mixture of active ingredient(s), on a plant propagation material, such as a seed, where the original size and/or shape are recognizable to an intermediary state (such as a coating) and then to a thicker film (such as pelleting with many layers of different materials (such as carriers, for example, clays;
  • the seed treatment occurs to an unsown seed, and the term "unsown seed” is meant to include seed at any period between the harvest of the seed and the sowing of the seed in the ground for the purpose of germination and growth of the plant.
  • Treatment to an unsown seed is not meant to include those practices in which the active ingredient is applied to the soil but would include any application practice that would target the seed during the planting process.
  • the treatment occurs before sowing of the seed so that the sown seed has been pre-treated with the compound.
  • seed coating or seed pelleting are preferred in the treatment of the compound.
  • the compound is adhered on to the seed and therefore available for pest control.
  • the treated seeds can be stored, handled, sowed and tilled in the same manner as any other active ingredient treated seed.
  • the invention is illustrated by the following preparation examples.
  • Step B 4-trifluoromethyl-N-(3-methylsulfanylpropanimidoyl)pyridine-3-carboxamide
  • reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for another 12 h.
  • the obtained reaction was quenched with water and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane.
  • the combined organic layers were washed with brine, dried (Na 2 S0 4 ) and, after addition of silica gel, concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification of the residual by flash chromatography on silica gel (50-100% EtOAc/heptane) furnished the desired product as a yellow oil. M.p. 169-170 °C.
  • Instrument Parameter lonisation method: Electrospray, polarity: positive or negative ions; capillary (kV) 3.00, Cone (V) 30.00, Extractor (V) 2.00, Source Temperature (°C) 100, Desolvation Temperature (°C) 250, Cone Gas Flow
  • Example F1 Emulsion concentrates a) b) c)
  • Emulsions of any desired concentration can be prepared from such concentrates by dilution with water.
  • Example F2 Solutions a) b) c) d)
  • Petroleum ether (boiling range: 160-190°) - - 94%
  • the solutions are suitable for use in the form of microdrops.
  • Example F3 Granules a) b) c) d)
  • Example F4 Dusts a) b)
  • Kaolin - 90 % Ready-to-use dusts are obtained by intimately mixing the carriers and the active ingredient.
  • Example F5 Wettable powders a) b) c)
  • the active ingredient is mixed with the additives and the mixture is ground thoroughly in a suitable mill. This gives wettable powders, which can be diluted with water to give suspensions of any desired concentration.
  • Example F6 Extruder granules
  • the active ingredient is mixed with the additives, and the mixture is ground, moistened with water, extruded, granulated and dried in a stream of air.
  • Example F7 Coated granules
  • Nonylphenoxypolyethylene glycol ether (15 mol of EO) 6 %
  • Silicone oil (75 % aqueous emulsion) 0.8 %
  • the finely ground active ingredient is mixed intimately with the additives.
  • Suspensions of any desired concentration can be prepared from the thus resulting suspension concentrate by dilution with water.
  • Example F9 Powders for drv seed treatment a) b) c) active ingredient 25 % 50 % 75 % light mineral oil 5 % 5 % 5 % highly dispersed silicic acid 5 % 5 % -
  • Example F10 Flowable concentrate for seed treatment active ingredient 40 %
  • Silicone oil (in the form of a 75 % emulsion in water) 0.2 %
  • the finely ground active ingredient is intimately mixed with the adjuvants, giving a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water.
  • a suspension concentrate from which suspensions of any desired dilution can be obtained by dilution with water.
  • living plants as well as plant propagation material can be treated and protected against infestation by microorganisms, by spraying, pouring or immersion.
  • Example F1 1 a Oil-based suspension concentrate (based on a vegetable oil)
  • Example F1 1 b Oil-based suspension concentrate (based on a mineral oil)
  • the finely ground active ingredient is mixed intimately with the additives.
  • Suspensions of any desired concentration can be prepared from the thus resulting suspension concentrate by dilution with water.
  • the term "active ingredient” used above refers to one of the compounds selected from Table 1 shown above. It also refers to mixtures of the compound of formula I, in particular a compound selected from said Table 1 , with other insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, safeners, adjuvants and the like, which mixtures are specifically disclosed above.
  • Example B1 Activity against Myzus persicae (green peach aphidj
  • Sunflower leaf discs are placed on agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the leaf discs are infested with an aphid population of mixed ages. After an incubation period of 6 days, samples are checked for mortality and special effects (e.g. phytotoxicity).
  • Example B2 Activity against Myzus persicae (green peach aphid)
  • Pea seedlings infested with an aphid population of mixed ages, are placed with the roots directly in the test solutions. 6 days after introduction, samples are checked for mortality and special effects on the plant.
  • Example B3 Activity against Frankliniella occidentalis (Western flower thrips):
  • Sunflower leaf discs are placed on agar in a 24-well microtiter plate and sprayed with test solutions. After drying, the leaf discs are infested with a Frankliniella population of mixed ages. After an incubation period of 7 DAT, samples are checked for mortality and special effects (e.g. phytotoxicity).
  • compounds listed in the tables above show good activity. In particular compounds P1 .02, P1.03, P1.07, P1.08, P1 .10, P1 .1 1 , P1 .12 show an activity of over 80% at a concentration of 200ppm.
  • Example B4 Activity against Myzus persicae (green peach aphid):
  • Pea seedlings infested with a susceptible aphid population of mixed ages, are treated with diluted test solutions in a spray chamber. 6 days after treatment, samples are checked for mortality.
  • Example B5 Activity against Myzus persicae (green peach aphid):
  • Pea seedlings infested with a Neonicotinoid resistant aphid population of mixed ages, are treated with diluted test solutions in a spray chamber. 6 days after treatment, samples are checked for mortality.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Plant Pathology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Dentistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
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  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des composés de formule (I), dans laquelle le substituant est tel que défini dans la revendication 1, utiles comme pesticides.
PCT/EP2013/053797 2012-03-01 2013-02-26 Composés chimiques Ceased WO2013127780A1 (fr)

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WO2017060389A1 (fr) 2015-10-06 2017-04-13 Syngenta Participations Ag Composés et compositions ayant une activité d'anéantissement ou d'inhibition de l'alimentation en sang contre des insectes nuisibles
CN108484446A (zh) * 2018-05-02 2018-09-04 宁夏智弘生物科技有限公司 三氮脒酰胺类化合物及其制备方法
CN119176800A (zh) * 2023-11-09 2024-12-24 盐城工学院 一种吡啶噻吩乙酰胺类化合物及其制备方法与应用

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EP3659438A1 (fr) 2015-10-06 2020-06-03 Syngenta Participations Ag Composés et compositions ayant une activité d'anéantissement ou d'inhibition de l'alimentation en sang contre des insectes nuisibles
JP2021152007A (ja) * 2015-10-06 2021-09-30 シンジェンタ パーティシペーションズ アーゲー 害虫に対するノックダウン活性または吸血阻害活性を有する化合物および組成物
JP7258945B2 (ja) 2015-10-06 2023-04-17 シンジェンタ パーティシペーションズ アーゲー 害虫に対するノックダウン活性または吸血阻害活性を有する化合物および組成物
CN108484446A (zh) * 2018-05-02 2018-09-04 宁夏智弘生物科技有限公司 三氮脒酰胺类化合物及其制备方法
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