Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
  • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
  • C06B33/00—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide
  • C06B33/08—Compositions containing particulate metal, alloy, boron, silicon, selenium or tellurium with at least one oxygen supplying material which is either a metal oxide or a salt, organic or inorganic, capable of yielding a metal oxide with a nitrated organic compound

Definitions

• the invention relates to the field of explosives, namely compositions for producing a volume explosion of increased efficiency.
• Volumetric explosions belong to the class of chemical explosions, in which the main effect is achieved by the explosion of a cloud of atomized fuel. They are characterized by a longer duration of energy release than standard explosives (BB).
• BB standard explosives
• compositions for volumetric explosions are fuel-saturated and often contain explosives, which are also a source of oxygen.
• Two-stroke volumestric explosion With a two-stroke volumetric explosion, at least two different stages can be distinguished. At the first stage, the dispersion of fuel particles in the ambient air occurs; at the second, the dust or droplet-air mixture (aerosol) formed is undermined. Two-stroke ones have pronounced phases of atomization and detonation, while, for example, atomization can occur due to the explosion of a low-explosive explosive, and the explosion of a cloud formed by an additional explosion of a small amount of high-explosive explosive.
• Single-cycle ones differ in that the second phase follows the first directly because of the specially selected composition of the explosive composition.
• the explosion of a conventional explosive atomizes fuel in the surrounding space. This stage of the explosion continues on the order of hundreds of microseconds.
• combustion of fuel particles begins, which is in close proximity to explosive particles and thus acting as an oxygen source.
• the duration of this stage is also several hundred microseconds.
• the process of interaction of the fuel-saturated cloud formed in the previous stages with oxygen in the air with the formation of a high-temperature zone (VTZ) begins. This stage can last several hundred milliseconds and produces the main temperature and pressure effect.
• VTZ high-temperature zone
• nitroesters can be used as liquid fuels, which, among other things, are themselves weak explosives and thus contribute to faster the beginning of chemical reactions in the cloud, which increases the reliability of cloud initiation and the completeness of fuel combustion in detonation mode.
• Explosive compositions consisting of aluminum powder in an amount of 10-35%, graphite in an amount of 1-10%, hexogen (RU2 90585) or octogen (RU2190586) in an amount of 10-35%, ammonium perchlorate (RU2190585) are known from patents RU2190585 and RU2190586. or potassium perchlorate (RU2190586) up to 100%.
• these compositions cannot be used to produce volumetric explosions.
• an explosive composition consisting of silicon fuel in an amount of 1-13%, TNT in an amount of 2-18%, mineral oil in an amount of 0.5-4.5%, iron oxides in an amount of 0.4-6.0 %, ammonium nitrate up to 100%.
• silicon fuel in an amount of 1-13%
• TNT in an amount of 2-18%
• mineral oil in an amount of 0.5-4.5%
• iron oxides in an amount of 0.4-6.0 %
• ammonium nitrate up to 100%.
• an emulsion explosive composition which is an emulsion of the type "water in oil” and consists of liquid fuel in an amount of 2-10%, an emulsifier in an amount of 1-5%, a stabilizer in an amount of 1-5%, water in an amount of 6 -20%, ammonium nitrate in an amount of 70-90%, sodium or calcium nitrate in an amount of 1-20%, glass microspheres in an amount of 0.5-5.0%, solid fuel (aluminum) in an amount of 1-10%, catalyst (NaCI) in an amount of 0.1-4.0%.
• aluminum solid fuel
• NaCI catalyst
• an explosive gel-like suspension consisting of nitrate or perchlorate in an amount of 25-45%, sodium or calcium in an amount of 12-28%, nitramine in an amount of 17-30%, aluminum or silicon in an amount of 4-10% and aluminum powder / perlite sand / glass microspheres in an amount of 0.1-3.0%.
• nitrate or perchlorate in an amount of 25-45%
• sodium or calcium in an amount of 12-28%
• nitramine in an amount of 17-30%
• aluminum or silicon in an amount of 4-10%
• aluminum powder / perlite sand / glass microspheres in an amount of 0.1-3.0%.
• an explosive composition consisting of nitroesters in an amount of 8-15%, silicon fuel in an amount of 5-18%, calcium or zinc stearate in an amount of 0.5-3.0%, nitrocellulose in an amount of 0.2-0, 4%, additives (wax / paraffin / graphite / talc) in an amount of 0.2-3.0%, ammonium nitrate up to 100%.
• thermobaric charge consisting of a metal base coated with aluminum 20-45%, nitramine and a binder.
• composition for a high-efficiency explosive charge for a single-cycle volume explosion, consisting of a metal composite consisting of metal in an amount of 30-40%, ammonium perchlorate in an amount of 15-35%, a binder in an amount of 10-15% and an explosive substance in the amount of 30-55%.
• a common disadvantage of the above analog compositions is their lack of power in TNT equivalent, usually not exceeding 2.0.
• an explosive composition for volumetric explosion containing metal fuel in an amount of 10-65%, an explosive substance in an amount of 25-40% and liquid nitrated organic fuel the rest.
• This composition was selected as a prototype.
• the prototype also has a significant drawback, since the composition has an extremely limited shelf life and storage. In fact, after a few months, the composition loses its effectiveness several times.
• the aim of this invention is to provide a composition for the production of a single-cycle volume explosion of high efficiency, which is characterized by increased stability and is able to maintain its qualities for at least 10 years.
• the objective of the invention is achieved by including in the composition, consisting of a liquid nitrated organic fuel, metal fuel and explosive structure-forming additives (structure-forming).
• the builder is a substance or several substances that (or which), when introduced into the explosive composition, physically create obstacles to the particles of activated metal fuel for the formation of aggregates and their interaction with oxygen.
• an inorganic substance with a certain particle size which can create a barrier for particles of metallic fuel, can fill the space between them and thus hold the structure.
• a binder of high molecular weight or a combination of a binder and a hardener may serve as a builder.
• the structure is created by molecules of high molecular weight substances, and the hardener helps to strengthen it.
• an object of this invention is a composition for volume explosion, which contains liquid nitrated organic fuel, metal fuel and explosive and additionally contains a structure-forming agent at this content of components, May. %:
• the inorganic substance is an inorganic substance with a particle size of 5-200 nm.
• the builder is a high molecular weight binder or a combination of a high molecular weight binder and a hardener.
• the builder is a combination of an inorganic substance with a particle size of 5-200 nm and a high molecular weight binder, or a combination of a high molecular weight binder and hardener.
• the metal fuel is aluminum or magnesium or boron or silicon powder, or any combination thereof.
• the metal fuel is activated by partially or completely removing the oxide film from its surface.
• the removal of the oxide film is carried out by known physical, chemical or physicochemical methods.
• metallic fuel consists of particles with a size of 0.1-20 microns.
• the explosive is a substance selected from nitramines, polynitroesters, inorganic nitrates, inorganic chlorates, inorganic perchlorates, as well as any combination thereof.
• the explosive is a substance selected from RDX, HMX, TEN, ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium chlorate, potassium chlorate, sodium chlorate, ammonium perchlorate, potassium perchlorate, sodium perchlorate, as well as any combination thereof.
• compositions of Examples 1-6 are obtained (indicated in May.%).
• the TNT equivalent of the compositions was determined by calculation. For this, the pressure of the shock wave was determined at a given distance from charge of the test composition and charges of TNT of various masses. The TNT equivalent was defined as the ratio of the mass of the charge of TNT, which upon its explosion gives the same pressure of the shock wave at a given distance to the mass of the charge of the composition.
• the temperature of the high-temperature zone was measured using a non-contact pyrometer.
• the existence of the VTZ was recorded by high-speed photography.
• the prototype in composition was equivalent to the composition of example 4, the results are shown in Table.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Metallurgy (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)

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Citations (18)

• 2012
  • 2012-06-19 WO PCT/UA2012/000065 patent/WO2013119191A1/fr not_active Ceased

Patent Citations (20)

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