WO2013108843A1 - 導電性粒子、導電材料及び接続構造体 - Google Patents
導電性粒子、導電材料及び接続構造体 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013108843A1 WO2013108843A1 PCT/JP2013/050822 JP2013050822W WO2013108843A1 WO 2013108843 A1 WO2013108843 A1 WO 2013108843A1 JP 2013050822 W JP2013050822 W JP 2013050822W WO 2013108843 A1 WO2013108843 A1 WO 2013108843A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J9/00—Adhesives characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced, e.g. glue sticks
- C09J9/02—Electrically-conducting adhesives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J11/00—Features of adhesives not provided for in group C09J9/00, e.g. additives
- C09J11/02—Non-macromolecular additives
- C09J11/04—Non-macromolecular additives inorganic
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K3/00—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits
- H05K3/30—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor
- H05K3/32—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits
- H05K3/321—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives
- H05K3/323—Assembling printed circuits with electric components, e.g. with resistor electrically connecting electric components or wires to printed circuits by conductive adhesives by applying an anisotropic conductive adhesive layer over an array of pads
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/08—Metals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/02—Ingredients treated with inorganic substances
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
- H05K2201/00—Indexing scheme relating to printed circuits covered by H05K1/00
- H05K2201/02—Fillers; Particles; Fibers; Reinforcement materials
- H05K2201/0203—Fillers and particles
- H05K2201/0206—Materials
- H05K2201/0221—Insulating particles having an electrically conductive coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to conductive particles that can be used, for example, for connection between electrodes, and more particularly to conductive particles having base particles and a conductive layer disposed on the surface of the base particles.
- the present invention also relates to a conductive material and a connection structure using the conductive particles.
- Anisotropic conductive materials such as anisotropic conductive paste and anisotropic conductive film are widely known.
- anisotropic conductive material conductive particles are dispersed in a binder resin.
- the anisotropic conductive material is used for connection between an IC chip and a flexible printed circuit board, connection between an IC chip and a circuit board having an ITO electrode, and the like. For example, after disposing an anisotropic conductive material between the electrode of the IC chip and the electrode of the circuit board, these electrodes can be electrically connected by heating and pressing.
- Patent Document 1 discloses base material particles, a nickel layer formed on the surface of the base material particle, and formed on the surface of the nickel layer.
- a conductive particle comprising a modified palladium layer.
- the content of phosphorus in the nickel layer is in the range of 5 to 15% by weight, and the content of palladium in the palladium layer is 96% by weight or more.
- connection resistance Can be lowered to some extent.
- An object of the present invention is to provide conductive particles capable of effectively reducing connection resistance when electrodes are electrically connected, and a conductive material and a connection structure using the conductive particles. It is.
- a limited object of the present invention is to provide conductive particles that are less likely to cause cracking of the conductive layer and peeling of the conductive layer from the surface of the base material particles when a load is applied, and a conductive material using the conductive particles And providing a connection structure.
- base particles base particles, a first conductive layer disposed on the surface of the base particles and containing nickel and phosphorus, and an outer surface of the first conductive layer And a second conductive layer containing palladium, wherein the content of phosphorus in the first conductive layer is less than 5% by weight, and the content of phosphorus in the first conductive layer
- content of the phosphorus in a said 1st conductive layer is the said 2nd conductive layer by the said base particle side in the thickness direction of a said 1st conductive layer. More than 0.5% by weight than the side.
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is 0.1 wt% or more and less than 5 wt%.
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is 3 wt% or more and less than 5 wt%.
- the conductive particle has a protrusion on the conductive surface.
- an insulating material disposed on the outer surface of the second conductive layer is provided.
- the conductive material according to the present invention includes the above-described conductive particles and a binder resin.
- connection structure includes a first connection target member, a second connection target member, and a connection portion connecting the first and second connection target members, and the connection
- the part is formed of the above-described conductive particles, or is formed of a conductive material containing the conductive particles and a binder resin.
- the conductive particles according to the present invention include base particles, a first conductive layer that is disposed on the surface of the base particles, and includes nickel and phosphorus, and an outer surface of the first conductive layer. And a second conductive layer containing palladium, and the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is less than 5% by weight, and in the first conductive layer Since the phosphorus content is greater on the substrate particle side than the second conductive layer side in the thickness direction of the first conductive layer, the connection resistance is effective when the electrodes are electrically connected. Can be lowered.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing conductive particles according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing conductive particles according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view schematically showing a connection structure using conductive particles according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a plan view for explaining the shape of the comb-shaped electrode copper pattern on the substrate used for the evaluation of the insulation resistance of Examples, Comparative Examples, and Reference Examples.
- the conductive particles according to the present invention include base particles, a first conductive layer, and a second conductive layer.
- the first conductive layer is disposed on the surface of the base particle and includes nickel and phosphorus.
- the second conductive layer is disposed on the outer surface of the first conductive layer and contains palladium.
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is less than 5% by weight.
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is greater on the substrate particle side than on the second conductive layer side in the thickness direction of the first conductive layer.
- the phosphorus in the first conductive layer is unevenly distributed in the thickness direction of the first conductive layer so that the base particle side is larger on the base particle side and the second conductive layer side. .
- connection resistance can be effectively reduced when the electrodes are electrically connected using the conductive particles.
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is 5% by weight or more
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is less than 5% by weight, so that the connection resistance is effectively reduced. Lower.
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 3% by weight, and more preferably 2.9% by weight or less.
- the content of phosphorus in the first conductive layer may be 0.1% by weight or more, may be 0.5% by weight or more, may exceed 2.9% by weight, and may be 3% by weight. % Or more.
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is In the thickness direction of the first conductive layer, it is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, more preferably 2.0% by weight or more on the substrate particle side, and more preferably 2.0% by weight or more. More preferably 0% by weight or more, particularly preferably 8.0% by weight or more.
- the absolute value of the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, more preferably 2.0% by weight or more, and still more preferably 4.0% by weight.
- the region on the base particle side where the nickel content of the first conductive layer is relatively high is larger than the region on the second conductive layer side where the nickel content of the first conductive layer is relatively low. Located inside. For this reason, the crack of a conductive layer and peeling of a conductive layer can be suppressed effectively.
- the region on the substrate particle side where the nickel content of the first conductive layer is relatively large may be a region (region A) having a thickness of 10% from the inner surface to the outer side of the first conductive layer. preferable.
- the region on the second conductive layer side where the nickel content of the first conductive layer is relatively small is a region (region B) having a thickness of 10% from the outer surface to the inside of the second conductive layer. It is preferable.
- the absolute value of the difference between the phosphorus content in region A and the phosphorus content in region B is preferably 0.5% by weight or more, more preferably 2.0% by weight or more, and still more preferably 4.0% by weight. % Or more, particularly preferably 8.0% by weight or more.
- the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer is In the thickness direction of the first conductive layer, it is preferable that the first conductive layer increases continuously or stepwise from the base particle side toward the second conductive layer side.
- the content of nickel in the first conductive layer is preferably 50% by weight or more, more preferably 60% by weight or more, still more preferably 70% by weight or more, still more preferably 80% by weight or more, and particularly preferably 90% by weight. That's it.
- the nickel content in the first conductive layer may be 97% by weight or more, 97.5% by weight or more, or 98% by weight or more.
- the content of nickel in 100% by weight of the first conductive layer is preferably 99.85% by weight or less, more preferably 99.7% by weight or less, and still more preferably 99.5% by weight or less.
- the upper limit of the palladium content in the second conductive layer is not particularly limited.
- the palladium content in the second conductive layer may be 100% by weight, less than 99% by weight, less than 98% by weight, or less than 96% by weight.
- the palladium content in the second conductive layer may be 100 wt%, It may be less than 99% by weight, less than 98% by weight, or less than 96% by weight.
- connection structure using the conductive particles according to the present invention from the viewpoint of further reducing the connection resistance, the higher the palladium content in the second conductive layer, the better.
- the palladium content in the second conductive layer is preferably 80% by weight or more, more preferably 90% by weight or more, still more preferably 96% by weight or more, particularly preferably 97% by weight or more, and most preferably 98% by weight. That's it.
- Each content of phosphorus and nickel in the first conductive layer indicates an average content in the entire first conductive layer.
- the content of palladium in the second conductive layer indicates the average content of palladium in the entire second conductive layer.
- the phosphorus content in the region A and the region B indicates the average phosphorus content in the entire region A and the entire region B.
- a method for controlling the contents of phosphorus and nickel in the first conductive layer for example, a method for controlling the pH of the nickel plating solution when forming the first conductive layer by electroless nickel plating, A method of controlling the concentration of the phosphorus-containing reducing agent when forming the first conductive layer by electrolytic nickel plating can be used. Further, in order to partially vary the phosphorus content in the first conductive layer, two stages of high phosphorus composition Ni plating and low phosphorus composition Ni plating via solid-liquid separation in the Ni plating step or A multi-stage plating method may be used.
- a method of controlling the content of palladium in the second conductive layer for example, a method of controlling the pH of a palladium plating solution when forming the second conductive layer by electroless palladium plating, and electroless palladium plating
- a method of controlling the concentration of the reducing agent when forming the second conductive layer for example, a method of controlling the concentration of the reducing agent when forming the second conductive layer.
- the method for measuring the contents of nickel, phosphorus and palladium in the first and second conductive layers is not particularly limited, and various known analytical methods can be used.
- the method for measuring the contents of nickel, phosphorus and palladium in the first and second conductive layers is not particularly limited. For example, using a focused ion beam, a thin film slice of the obtained conductive particles is prepared, Examples include a method of measuring each content of nickel, phosphorus and palladium by an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS) using a transmission electron microscope FE-TEM (“JEM-2010FEF” manufactured by JEOL Ltd.). .
- EDS energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- absorption spectrometry or spectrum analysis.
- a flame absorptiometer and an electric heating furnace absorptiometer can be used.
- the spectrum analysis method include a plasma emission analysis method and a plasma ion source mass spectrometry method.
- an ICP emission spectrometer When measuring the contents of nickel, phosphorus and palladium in the first and second conductive layers, an ICP emission spectrometer may be used. Examples of commercially available ICP emission analyzers include ICP emission analyzers manufactured by HORIBA.
- FE-TEM apparatus When measuring the contents of nickel and phosphorus in the thickness direction of the first conductive layer, it is preferable to use an FE-TEM apparatus.
- FE-TEM apparatuses include “JEM-2010FEF” manufactured by JEOL Ltd.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing conductive particles according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- the conductive particle 1 includes a base particle 2, a first conductive layer 3, a second conductive layer 4, a plurality of core substances 5, and a plurality of insulating substances 6. .
- the first conductive layer 3 is disposed on the surface of the base particle 2.
- the first conductive layer 3 covers the surface of the base particle 2.
- the second conductive layer 4 is disposed on the outer surface of the first conductive layer 3.
- the second conductive layer 4 covers the outer surface of the first conductive layer 3.
- the conductive particle 1 is a coated particle in which the surface of the base particle 2 is coated with the first and second conductive layers 3 and 4.
- the conductive particles 1 have a plurality of protrusions 1a on the conductive surface.
- the first and second conductive layers 3 and 4 have a plurality of protrusions 3a and 4a on the outer surface.
- a plurality of core substances 5 are arranged on the surface of the base particle 2.
- the plurality of core materials 5 are embedded in the first and second conductive layers 3 and 4.
- the plurality of core materials 5 are disposed between the base particle 2 and the first conductive layer 3 and between the base particle 2 and the second conductive layer 4.
- the core substance 5 is disposed inside the protrusions 1a, 3a, 4a.
- the first conductive layer 3 covers a plurality of core materials 5.
- the outer surfaces of the first and second conductive layers 3 and 4 are raised by the plurality of core materials 5 to form protrusions 1a, 3a and 4a.
- the conductive particles 1 have an insulating material 6 disposed on the outer surface of the second conductive layer 4. At least a part of the outer surface of the second conductive layer 4 is covered with an insulating material 6.
- the insulating substance 6 is made of an insulating material and is an insulating particle.
- the electroconductive particle which concerns on this invention may have the insulating substance arrange
- the conductive particles according to the present invention do not necessarily have an insulating material.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing conductive particles according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- the conductive particle 11 shown in FIG. 1 includes a base particle 2, a first conductive layer 12, and a second conductive layer 13.
- the conductive particles 11 do not have a core substance.
- the conductive particles 11 do not have protrusions on the conductive surface.
- the conductive particles 11 are spherical.
- the first and second conductive layers 12 and 13 do not have protrusions on the surface.
- the electroconductive particle which concerns on this invention does not need to have an electroconductive protrusion, and may be spherical.
- the conductive particles 11 do not have an insulating material.
- the conductive particles 11 may have an insulating material disposed on the surface of the second conductive layer 13.
- the substrate particles include resin particles, inorganic particles excluding metal particles, organic-inorganic hybrid particles, and metal particles.
- the substrate particles are preferably substrate particles excluding metal particles, and more preferably resin particles, inorganic particles excluding metal particles, or organic-inorganic hybrid particles.
- the base material particles are preferably resin particles formed of a resin.
- the conductive particles are generally compressed after the conductive particles are arranged between the electrodes.
- the substrate particles are resin particles, the conductive particles are easily deformed by compression, and the contact area between the conductive particles and the electrode is increased. For this reason, the conduction
- the resin for forming the resin particles include polyolefin resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polyisobutylene, and polybutadiene; acrylic resins such as polymethyl methacrylate and polymethyl acrylate; Alkylene terephthalate, polysulfone, polycarbonate, polyamide, phenol formaldehyde resin, melamine formaldehyde resin, benzoguanamine formaldehyde resin, urea formaldehyde resin, phenol resin, melamine resin, benzoguanamine resin, urea resin, epoxy resin, unsaturated polyester resin, saturated polyester resin, polysulfone , Polyphenylene oxide, polyacetal, polyimide, polyamideimide, poly Chromatography ether ether ketone, polyether sulfone, and polymers such as obtained by a variety of
- resin particles having any compression property suitable for conductive materials By polymerizing one or more of various polymerizable monomers having an ethylenically unsaturated group, it is possible to design and synthesize resin particles having any compression property suitable for conductive materials. .
- resin particles having any compression properties suitable for conductive materials can be designed and synthesized, and the hardness of the base particles can be easily controlled within a suitable range, so that the resin particles are formed.
- the resin is preferably a polymer obtained by polymerizing one or more polymerizable monomers having a plurality of ethylenically unsaturated groups.
- the monomer having the ethylenically unsaturated group may be a non-crosslinkable monomer or a crosslinkable monomer. And a polymer.
- non-crosslinkable monomer examples include styrene monomers such as styrene and ⁇ -methylstyrene; carboxyl group-containing monomers such as (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, and maleic anhydride; (Meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth) acrylate, lauryl (meth) acrylate, cetyl (meth) acrylate, stearyl (meth) acrylate, cyclohexyl ( Alkyl (meth) acrylates such as meth) acrylate and isobornyl (meth) acrylate; acids such as 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol (meth) acrylate, polyoxyethylene (meth) acrylate and glycidyl (meth) acrylate Atom
- crosslinkable monomer examples include tetramethylolmethane tetra (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane tri (meth) acrylate, tetramethylolmethane di (meth) acrylate, trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, and dipenta Erythritol hexa (meth) acrylate, dipentaerythritol penta (meth) acrylate, glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, glycerol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) propylene glycol di (meth) Polyfunctional (meth) acrylates such as acrylate, (poly) tetramethylene di (meth) acrylate, 1,4-butanediol di (meth) acrylate; triallyl (iso) cyanurate, tri Lil
- the resin particles can be obtained by polymerizing the polymerizable monomer having an ethylenically unsaturated group by a known method. Examples of this method include a method of suspension polymerization in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator, and a method of polymerization by swelling a monomer together with a radical polymerization initiator using non-crosslinked seed particles.
- examples of inorganic materials for forming the substrate particles include silica and carbon black. Although it does not specifically limit as the particle
- grains obtained by performing are mentioned.
- examples of the organic / inorganic hybrid particles include organic / inorganic hybrid particles formed of a crosslinked alkoxysilyl polymer and an acrylic resin.
- the substrate particles are metal particles
- examples of the metal for forming the metal particles include silver, copper, nickel, silicon, gold, and titanium.
- the substrate particles are preferably not metal particles.
- the average particle diameter of the substrate particles is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, still more preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more, particularly preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 1000 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, it is 500 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 100 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 30 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 5 ⁇ m or less, and most preferably 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the contact area between the conductive particles and the electrodes is increased, so that the conduction reliability between the electrodes is further increased and the conductive particles are connected via the conductive particles.
- the connection resistance between the electrodes is further reduced. Further, when forming the conductive layer on the surface of the base particle by electroless plating, it becomes difficult to aggregate and the aggregated conductive particles are hardly formed.
- the average particle diameter of the substrate particles is not more than the above upper limit, the conductive particles are easily compressed, the connection resistance between the electrodes is further reduced, and the interval between the electrodes is further narrowed.
- the average particle diameter of the substrate particles is particularly preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the substrate particles is in the range of 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, even when the distance between the electrodes is small and the thickness of the conductive layer is increased, small conductive particles can be obtained.
- the average particle diameter of the base particles is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m. Above, more preferably 2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 3 ⁇ m or less.
- the above average particle diameter indicates the number average particle diameter.
- the average particle diameter can be measured using, for example, a Coulter counter (manufactured by Beckman Coulter).
- the total thickness of the first conductive layer and the second conductive layer is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, still more preferably 20 nm or more, particularly preferably 50 nm or more, Preferably it is 1000 nm or less, More preferably, it is 800 nm or less, More preferably, it is 500 nm or less, Especially preferably, it is 400 nm or less, Most preferably, it is 300 nm or less.
- the thickness of the entire conductive layer is not less than the above lower limit, the conductivity of the conductive particles is further improved.
- the thickness of the entire conductive layer is not more than the above upper limit, the difference in thermal expansion coefficient between the base particle and the metal layer becomes small, and the metal layer becomes difficult to peel from the base particle.
- a method of forming the first and second conductive layers on the surface of the substrate particles a method of forming the first and second conductive layers by electroless plating, and a first and second method by electroplating. Examples include a method of forming a conductive layer.
- the first conductive layer may contain a metal other than nickel and phosphorus as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the second conductive layer may contain a metal other than palladium as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired.
- the other metal include gold, silver, platinum, palladium, zinc, iron, lead, aluminum, cobalt, indium, nickel, chromium, titanium, antimony, bismuth, thallium, germanium, cadmium, tungsten, molybdenum, and silicon.
- the first conductive layer may contain palladium.
- the second conductive layer may contain phosphorus.
- the content of the other metal in the first conductive layer and the content of the other metal in the second conductive layer are preferably respectively Is 20% by weight or less, more preferably 10% by weight or less, still more preferably 5% by weight or less, and particularly preferably 1% by weight or less.
- the conductive particles according to the present invention preferably have protrusions on the conductive surface. It is preferable that there are a plurality of protrusions. Since the core substance is embedded in the conductive layer, the conductive layer has protrusions on the outer surface. An oxide film is often formed on the surface of the electrode connected by the conductive particles. When conductive particles having protrusions are used, the oxide film is effectively eliminated by the protrusions by placing the conductive particles between the electrodes and pressing them. For this reason, an electrode and the conductive layer of electroconductive particle contact more reliably, and the connection resistance between electrodes becomes still lower.
- the conductive particles when the conductive particles have an insulating material on the surface, or when the conductive particles are dispersed in the resin and used as a conductive material (anisotropic conductive material, etc.), the conductive particles can be The resin component between the conductive particles and the electrode is effectively eliminated. For this reason, the conduction
- a method of forming protrusions on the surface of the conductive particles a method of forming a conductive layer by electroless plating after attaching a core substance to the surface of the base particles, and electroless plating on the surface of the base particles Examples include a method of forming a conductive layer by, attaching a core substance, and further forming a conductive layer by electroless plating.
- a first conductive layer is formed on the surface of the base particle, and then a core substance is disposed on the first conductive layer, and then the second conductive layer.
- a method of adding a core substance in the middle of forming the conductive layer on the surface of the base particle a method of adding a core substance in the middle of forming the conductive layer on the surface of the base particle.
- a core substance is added to the dispersion of the base particle, and the core substance is applied to the surface of the base particle by, for example, van der Waals force.
- examples thereof include a method of accumulating and adhering, and a method of adding a core substance to a container containing base particles and attaching the core substance to the surface of the base particles by a mechanical action such as rotation of the container.
- the method of making a core substance accumulate and adhere on the surface of the base particle in a dispersion liquid is preferable.
- the material constituting the core material there may be mentioned a conductive material and a non-conductive material.
- the conductive material include conductive non-metals such as metals, metal oxides, and graphite, and conductive polymers.
- the conductive polymer include polyacetylene.
- the nonconductive material include silica, alumina, and zirconia. Among them, metal is preferable because conductivity can be increased and connection resistance can be effectively reduced.
- the core substance is preferably metal particles.
- the metal examples include gold, silver, copper, platinum, zinc, iron, lead, tin, aluminum, cobalt, indium, nickel, chromium, titanium, antimony, bismuth, germanium and cadmium, and tin-lead.
- examples thereof include alloys composed of two or more metals such as alloys, tin-copper alloys, tin-silver alloys, tin-lead-silver alloys, and tungsten carbide. Of these, nickel, copper, silver or gold is preferable.
- the metal constituting the core material may be the same as or different from the metal constituting the conductive layer. It is preferable that the metal which comprises the said core substance contains nickel.
- the metal oxide include alumina, silica and zirconia.
- the shape of the core substance is not particularly limited.
- the shape of the core substance is preferably a lump.
- Examples of the core substance include a particulate lump, an agglomerate in which a plurality of fine particles are aggregated, and an irregular lump.
- the average diameter (average particle diameter) of the core substance is preferably 0.001 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.9 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the connection resistance between the electrodes can be effectively reduced.
- the “average diameter (average particle diameter)” of the core substance indicates a number average diameter (number average particle diameter).
- the average diameter of the core material is obtained by observing 50 arbitrary core materials with an electron microscope or an optical microscope and calculating an average value.
- Inorganic particles may be disposed on the surface of the core substance. It is preferable that there are a plurality of inorganic particles arranged on the surface of the core substance. Inorganic particles may be attached to the surface of the core substance. You may use the composite particle provided with such an inorganic particle and a core substance.
- the size (average diameter) of the inorganic particles is preferably smaller than the size (average diameter) of the core substance, and the inorganic particles are preferably inorganic fine particles.
- Examples of the material of the inorganic particles arranged on the surface of the core substance include barium titanate (Mohs hardness 4.5), silica (silicon dioxide, Mohs hardness 6-7), zirconia (Mohs hardness 8-9), Examples include alumina (Mohs hardness 9), tungsten carbide (Mohs hardness 9), diamond (Mohs hardness 10), and the like.
- the inorganic particles are preferably silica, zirconia, alumina, tungsten carbide or diamond, and are also preferably silica, zirconia, alumina or diamond.
- the Mohs hardness of the inorganic particles is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 6 or more.
- the Mohs hardness of the inorganic particles is preferably larger than the Mohs hardness of the conductive layer.
- the Mohs hardness of the inorganic particles is preferably larger than the Mohs hardness of the second conductive layer.
- the absolute value of the difference between the Mohs hardness of the inorganic particles and the Mohs hardness of the conductive layer, and the absolute value of the difference between the Mohs hardness of the inorganic particles and the Mohs hardness of the second conductive layer are preferably 0.1. Above, more preferably 0.2 or more, still more preferably 0.5 or more, particularly preferably 1 or more. Further, the effect of reducing the connection resistance is more effectively exhibited when the inorganic particles are harder than all the metals constituting the first and second layers.
- the average particle size of the inorganic particles is preferably 0.0001 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.005 ⁇ m or more, preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or less.
- the connection resistance between the electrodes can be effectively reduced.
- the “average particle size” of the inorganic particles indicates the number average particle size.
- the average particle diameter of the inorganic particles is obtained by observing 50 arbitrary inorganic particles with an electron microscope or an optical microscope and calculating an average value.
- the average diameter of the composite particles is preferably 0.0012 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 0.0502 ⁇ m or more, preferably Is 1.9 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1.2 ⁇ m or less.
- the average diameter of the composite particles is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the above upper limit, the connection resistance between the electrodes can be effectively reduced.
- the “average diameter (average particle diameter)” of the composite particles indicates a number average diameter (number average particle diameter).
- the average diameter of the composite particles is determined by observing 50 arbitrary composite particles with an electron microscope or an optical microscope and calculating an average value.
- the conductive particles according to the present invention preferably include an insulating material disposed on the outer surface of the second conductive layer.
- an insulating material is present between the plurality of electrodes, so that it is difficult to cause a short circuit between electrodes adjacent in the lateral direction instead of between the upper and lower electrodes. Note that the insulating material between the conductive layer of the conductive particles and the electrode can be easily eliminated by pressurizing the conductive particles with the two electrodes when connecting the electrodes.
- the insulating material between the conductive layer of the conductive particles and the electrode is more easily removed.
- the insulating material is preferably an insulating resin layer or insulating particles, and more preferably insulating particles.
- the insulating particles are preferably insulating resin particles.
- the insulating material include polyolefins, (meth) acrylate polymers, (meth) acrylate copolymers, block polymers, thermoplastic resins, crosslinked thermoplastic resins, thermosetting resins, water-soluble resins, and the like. Is mentioned.
- thermoplastic resin examples include vinyl polymers and vinyl copolymers.
- thermosetting resin an epoxy resin, a phenol resin, a melamine resin, etc.
- water-soluble resin examples include polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide, and methyl cellulose.
- the conductive particles include insulating particles attached to the surface of the conductive layer. In this case, when the conductive particles are used for the connection between the electrodes, not only the short circuit between the electrodes adjacent in the lateral direction becomes even more difficult to occur, but also the connection resistance between the connected upper and lower electrodes is further reduced. Become.
- Examples of methods for attaching insulating particles to the surface of the conductive layer include chemical methods and physical or mechanical methods.
- Examples of the chemical method include a method in which insulating particles are attached on the conductive layer of metal surface particles by a heteroaggregation method using van der Waals force or electrostatic force, and further chemically bonded as necessary.
- Examples of the physical or mechanical method include spray drying, hybridization, electrostatic adhesion, spraying, dipping, and vacuum deposition.
- a method of attaching an insulating material to the surface of the conductive layer through a chemical bond is preferable because the insulating material is difficult to be detached.
- the particle diameter of the insulating particles is preferably 1/5 or less of the particle diameter of the conductive particles. In this case, the particle diameter of the insulating particles is not too large, and the electrical connection by the conductive layer is more reliably achieved.
- the particle size of the insulating particles is 1/5 or less of the particle size of the conductive particles, the insulating particles are efficiently deposited on the surface of the conductive particles when attaching the insulating particles by the hetero-aggregation method. Adsorption is possible.
- the average diameter (average particle diameter) of the insulating substance (the insulating particles) is preferably 5 nm or more, more preferably 10 nm or more, preferably 1000 nm or less, and more preferably 500 nm or less.
- the average diameter (average particle diameter) of the insulating substance (insulating particles) is equal to or greater than the lower limit, the distance between adjacent conductive particles becomes larger than the electron hopping distance, and leakage is less likely to occur.
- the average diameter (average particle diameter) of the insulating substance (the insulating particles) is not more than the above upper limit, the pressure and the amount of heat required for thermocompression bonding are reduced.
- the “average diameter (average particle diameter)” of the insulating material indicates a number average diameter (number average particle diameter).
- the average diameter of the insulating material is obtained using a particle size distribution measuring device or the like.
- the particle size CV value of the insulating particles is preferably 20% or less.
- the CV value of the particle diameter is calculated by the following formula.
- Particle size CV value (%) standard deviation of particle size / average particle size ⁇ 100
- the particle size distribution can be measured with a particle size distribution meter or the like before coating the metal surface particles, and can be measured with an image analysis of an SEM photograph after coating.
- the coverage with the insulating material is preferably 5% or more, and preferably 70% or less.
- the coverage with the insulating material is the area of the portion covered with the insulating material in the entire surface area of the conductive layer (or the metal surface particles).
- the coverage is 5% or more, adjacent conductive particles are more reliably insulated by the insulating material.
- the coverage is 70% or less, it is not necessary to apply heat and pressure more than necessary when the electrodes are connected, and a decrease in the performance of the binder resin due to the excluded insulating material can be suppressed.
- the insulating particles are not particularly limited, but known inorganic particles and organic polymer particles can be applied.
- the inorganic particles include insulating inorganic particles such as alumina, silica, and zirconia.
- the organic polymer particles are preferably resin particles obtained by (co) polymerizing one or more monomers having an unsaturated double bond.
- the monomer having an unsaturated double bond include (meth) acrylic acid; methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate, and 2-ethylhexyl (meth).
- the insulating particles have a polar functional group in order to adhere to the conductive layer of the conductive particles by heteroaggregation.
- the polar functional group include an ammonium group, a sulfonium group, a phosphate group, and a hydroxysilyl group.
- the polar functional group can be introduced by copolymerizing a monomer having the polar functional group and an unsaturated double bond.
- Examples of the monomer having an ammonium group include N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl acrylamide, and N, N, N-trimethyl-N-2-methacryloyloxyethylammonium chloride. It is done.
- Examples of the monomer having sulfonium include phenyldimethylsulfonium methylsulfate methacrylate.
- Examples of the monomer having a phosphoric acid group include acid phosphooxyethyl methacrylate, acid phosphooxypropyl methacrylate, acid phosphooxypolyoxyethylene glycol monomethacrylate, and acid phosphooxypolyoxypropylene glycol monomethacrylate.
- Examples of the monomer having a hydroxysilyl group include vinyltrihydroxysilane and 3-methacryloxypropyltrihydroxysilane.
- a radical initiator having a polar group as an initiator when the monomer having an unsaturated double bond is polymerized.
- the radical initiator include 2,2′-azobis ⁇ 2-methyl-N- [2- (1-hydroxy-butyl)]-propionamide ⁇ , 2,2′-azobis [2- (2- Imidazolin-2-yl) propane], 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) and salts thereof.
- the conductive material according to the present invention includes the conductive particles described above and a binder resin.
- the conductive particles are preferably dispersed in a binder resin and used as a conductive material.
- the conductive material is preferably an anisotropic conductive material.
- the anisotropic conductive material includes a conductive material for conducting between the upper and lower electrodes.
- the binder resin is not particularly limited. In general, an insulating resin is used as the binder resin.
- the binder resin include vinyl resins, thermoplastic resins, curable resins, thermoplastic block copolymers, and elastomers. As for the said binder resin, only 1 type may be used and 2 or more types may be used together.
- Examples of the vinyl resin include vinyl acetate resin, acrylic resin, and styrene resin.
- examples of the thermoplastic resin include polyolefin resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and polyamide resin.
- examples of the curable resin include an epoxy resin, a urethane resin, a polyimide resin, and an unsaturated polyester resin.
- the curable resin may be a room temperature curable resin, a thermosetting resin, a photocurable resin, or a moisture curable resin.
- the curable resin may be used in combination with a curing agent.
- thermoplastic block copolymer examples include a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, a styrene-isoprene-styrene block copolymer, a hydrogenated product of a styrene-butadiene-styrene block copolymer, and a styrene-isoprene. -Hydrogenated products of styrene block copolymers.
- the elastomer examples include styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber and acrylonitrile-styrene block copolymer rubber.
- the conductive material includes, for example, a filler, an extender, a softener, a plasticizer, a polymerization catalyst, a curing catalyst, a colorant, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, and a light stabilizer.
- a filler for example, a filler, an extender, a softener, a plasticizer, a polymerization catalyst, a curing catalyst, a colorant, an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, and a light stabilizer.
- Various additives such as an agent, an ultraviolet absorber, a lubricant, an antistatic agent and a flame retardant may be contained.
- the method for dispersing the conductive particles in the binder resin is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known dispersion method can be used.
- Examples of a method for dispersing the conductive particles in the binder resin include a method in which the conductive particles are added to the binder resin and then kneaded and dispersed with a planetary mixer or the like. The conductive particles are dispersed in water. Alternatively, after uniformly dispersing in an organic solvent using a homogenizer or the like, it is added to the binder resin and kneaded with a planetary mixer or the like, and the binder resin is diluted with water or an organic solvent. Then, the method of adding the said electroconductive particle, kneading with a planetary mixer etc. and disperse
- distributing is mentioned.
- the conductive material according to the present invention can be used as a conductive paste and a conductive film.
- the conductive material according to the present invention is a conductive film
- a film not containing conductive particles may be laminated on the conductive film containing conductive particles.
- the conductive paste is preferably an anisotropic conductive paste.
- the conductive film is preferably an anisotropic conductive film.
- the conductive material is preferably a conductive paste.
- the conductive material is preferably a conductive paste and is a conductive material that is applied to the upper surface of the connection target member in a paste state.
- the content of the binder resin is preferably 10% by weight or more, more preferably 30% by weight or more, still more preferably 50% by weight or more, and preferably 90.99% by weight or less.
- the content of the binder resin is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the conductive particles are efficiently arranged between the electrodes, and the conduction reliability between the electrodes is further enhanced.
- the content of the conductive particles is preferably 0.01% by weight or more, more preferably 0.1% by weight or more, preferably 80% by weight or less, more preferably 40% by weight or less, More preferably, it is 20 weight% or less, Most preferably, it is 10 weight% or less.
- the content of the conductive particles is not less than the above lower limit and not more than the upper limit, the conduction reliability between the electrodes is further enhanced.
- connection structure can be obtained by connecting the connection target members using the conductive particles according to the present invention, or using a conductive material containing the conductive particles and a binder resin.
- connection structure includes a first connection target member, a second connection target member, and a connection part connecting the first and second connection target members, the connection part of the present invention.
- the connection structure is preferably formed of conductive particles or a conductive material (such as an anisotropic conductive material) containing the conductive particles and a binder resin.
- a conductive material such as an anisotropic conductive material
- the connection portion itself is conductive particles. That is, the first and second connection target members are connected by the conductive particles.
- FIG. 3 is a front cross-sectional view schematically showing a connection structure using conductive particles according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- a connection structure 51 shown in FIG. 3 includes a first connection target member 52, a second connection target member 53, and a connection portion 54 connecting the first and second connection target members 52 and 53.
- the connection portion 54 is formed by curing a conductive material including the conductive particles 1.
- the conductive particles 1 are schematically shown for convenience of illustration. Instead of the conductive particles 1, conductive particles 11 or the like may be used.
- the first connection target member 52 has a plurality of electrodes 52b on the upper surface 52a (front surface).
- the second connection target member 53 has a plurality of electrodes 53b on the lower surface 53a (front surface).
- the electrode 52 b and the electrode 53 b are electrically connected by one or a plurality of conductive particles 1. Therefore, the first and second connection target members 52 and 53 are electrically connected by the conductive particles 1.
- the manufacturing method of the connection structure is not particularly limited.
- the conductive material is disposed between the first connection target member and the second connection target member to obtain a laminate, and then the laminate is heated and pressurized. Methods and the like.
- the pressurizing pressure is about 9.8 ⁇ 10 4 to 4.9 ⁇ 10 6 Pa.
- the heating temperature is about 120 to 220 ° C.
- connection target member examples include electronic components such as semiconductor chips, capacitors, and diodes, and electronic components that are circuit boards such as printed boards, flexible printed boards, and glass boards.
- the connection target member is preferably an electronic component.
- the conductive particles are preferably used for electrical connection of electrodes in an electronic component.
- the electrode provided on the connection target member examples include metal electrodes such as a gold electrode, a nickel electrode, a tin electrode, an aluminum electrode, a copper electrode, a molybdenum electrode, and a tungsten electrode.
- the electrode is preferably a gold electrode, a nickel electrode, a tin electrode, or a copper electrode.
- the connection target member is a glass substrate, the electrode is preferably an aluminum electrode, a copper electrode, a molybdenum electrode, or a tungsten electrode.
- the electrode formed only with aluminum may be sufficient and the electrode by which the aluminum layer was laminated
- the material for the metal oxide layer include indium oxide doped with a trivalent metal element and zinc oxide doped with a trivalent metal element. Examples of the trivalent metal element include Sn, Al, and Ga.
- the conductive particles can be used as a conductive material for electrical connection between the upper and lower substrates constituting the liquid crystal display element.
- Conductive particles are mixed with thermosetting resin or thermosetting resin combined with heat UV, dispersed, applied in a dot pattern on one side of the substrate, and bonded to the counter substrate, and the conductive particles are mixed with the peripheral sealant
- thermosetting resin or thermosetting resin combined with heat UV, dispersed, applied in a dot pattern on one side of the substrate, and bonded to the counter substrate
- the conductive particles are mixed with the peripheral sealant
- the conductive particles according to the present invention can be applied to any of such usage forms.
- the electroconductive particle which concerns on this invention does not damage a transparent substrate etc. by the outstanding elasticity of a base particle. Conductive connection is possible.
- Example 1 Electroless Nickel Plating Step Divinylbenzene resin particles (average particle size 4 ⁇ m, CV value 5%, “Micropearl SP-204” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were prepared. The resin particles are treated with a 10 wt% solution of an ion adsorbent for 5 minutes, then treated with an aqueous 0.01 wt% palladium sulfate solution for 5 minutes, further reduced with dimethylamine borane, and then filtered and washed. As a result, resin particles having palladium attached thereto were obtained.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- 10 g of resin particles with palladium attached were added and mixed to prepare a slurry, and sulfuric acid was further added to adjust the pH of the slurry to 5.
- An initial nickel solution 52 mL containing 10% by weight of nickel sulfate, 10% by weight of sodium hypophosphite, 4% by weight of sodium hydroxide and 20% by weight of sodium succinate was prepared.
- the pH 5 slurry was brought to 80 ° C., and the obtained pre-nickel solution was continuously added dropwise to the 80 ° C. slurry at 5 mL / min and stirred for 20 minutes to allow the plating reaction to proceed. During the plating reaction, it was confirmed that there was no significant aggregation and generation of hydrogen disappeared, and the plating reaction was terminated.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- all the intermediate nickel particles obtained by solid-liquid separation were added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 9.0 with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the liquid temperature was maintained at 30 ° C.
- particles were obtained in which the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus was formed on the surface of the resin particles.
- grains was 0.1 micrometer.
- Electroless palladium plating step 10 g of the obtained particles were dispersed in 500 mL of ion-exchanged water using an ultrasonic processor to obtain a suspension.
- a plating solution having a pH of 10.0 containing 0.02 mol / L of palladium sulfate, 0.04 mol / L of ethylenediamine as a complexing agent, 0.06 mol / L of sodium formate as a reducing agent, and a crystal modifier was prepared. While stirring the obtained suspension at 50 ° C., the obtained plating solution was gradually added, and electroless palladium plating was performed to form a second conductive layer. When the thickness of the second conductive layer reached 0.04 ⁇ m, the electroless palladium plating was finished. Next, by washing and vacuum drying, conductive particles were obtained in which a second conductive layer containing palladium was formed on the outer surface of the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus.
- Example 2 Electroless nickel plating step (step of forming protrusions on the surface of the first conductive layer) 1-1) Palladium adhesion step Divinylbenzene resin particles (average particle size 4 ⁇ m, CV value 5%, “Micropearl SP-204” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were prepared. The resin particles were etched and washed with water. Next, resin particles were added to 100 mL of a palladium-catalyzed solution containing 8% by weight of a palladium catalyst and stirred. Then, it filtered and wash
- Electroless nickel plating step Through the electroless nickel plating step similar to that in Example 1, the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus is formed on the surface of the resin particles, and on the surface. Particles having protrusions were obtained. The thickness of the 1st conductive layer in the obtained particle
- Example 3 (1) Preparation of insulating particles Into a 1000 mL separable flask equipped with a four-neck separable cover, stirring blade, three-way cock, cooling tube and temperature probe, 100 mmol of methyl methacrylate and N, N, N-trimethyl Ion exchange of a monomer composition containing 1 mmol of —N-2-methacryloyloxyethylammonium chloride and 1 mmol of 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride so that the solid content is 5% by weight Added to water. Then, it stirred at 200 rpm and superposed
- insulating particles insulating resin particles having an ammonium group on the surface,
- the insulating particles were dispersed in ion exchange water under ultrasonic irradiation to obtain a 10 wt% aqueous dispersion of insulating particles.
- Example 2 10 g of conductive particles obtained in Example 1 were dispersed in 500 mL of ion-exchanged water, 4 g of an aqueous dispersion of insulating particles was added, and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. After filtration through a 3 ⁇ m mesh filter, the particles were further washed with methanol and dried to obtain conductive particles having insulating particles attached thereto.
- Example 4 Conductive particles having insulating particles attached thereto were obtained in the same manner as in Example 3, except that the conductive particles obtained in Example 1 were changed to the conductive particles obtained in Example 2. The coverage was 30%.
- Example 5 Electroless Nickel Plating Step Divinylbenzene resin particles (average particle size 4 ⁇ m, CV value 5%, “Micropearl SP-204” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were prepared. The resin particles are treated with a 10 wt% solution of an ion adsorbent for 5 minutes, then treated with an aqueous 0.01 wt% palladium sulfate solution for 5 minutes, further reduced with dimethylamine borane, and then filtered and washed. As a result, resin particles having palladium attached thereto were obtained.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- 10 g of resin particles with palladium attached were added and mixed to prepare a slurry, and sulfuric acid was further added to adjust the pH of the slurry to 6.5.
- An initial nickel solution 52 mL containing 10% by weight of nickel sulfate, 10% by weight of sodium hypophosphite, 4% by weight of sodium hydroxide and 20% by weight of sodium succinate was prepared.
- the pH 6.5 slurry was brought to 80 ° C., and the obtained nickel solution was continuously dropped into the 80 ° C. slurry at a flow rate of 5 mL / min, and stirred for 20 minutes to advance the plating reaction. During the plating reaction, it was confirmed that there was no significant aggregation and generation of hydrogen disappeared, and the plating reaction was terminated.
- a late nickel solution containing 30% by weight of nickel sulfate, 10% by weight of sodium hypophosphite and 5% by weight of sodium hydroxide was prepared. Thereafter, the pH of the solution after completion of the plating reaction with the nickel solution was adjusted to 9.0, and the temperature of the solution was lowered from 80 ° C. to 30 ° C. for the purpose of preventing aggregation.
- the late nickel solution was continuously dropped into the solution at 30 ° C. at a flow rate of 5 mL / min, and the plating reaction was carried out by stirring for 55 minutes, followed by solid-liquid separation to obtain intermediate nickel particles.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- all of the intermediate nickel particles obtained by solid-liquid separation are added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry is adjusted to 9.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the liquid temperature is set to 30. The temperature was kept as it was.
- particles were obtained in which the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus was formed on the surface of the resin particles.
- grains was 0.1 micrometer.
- Electroless palladium plating step Except for the change to the above electroless nickel plating step, a second electrode containing palladium is formed on the outer surface of the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus in the same manner as in Example 2. Conductive particles having a conductive layer formed thereon and having protrusions on the surface were obtained.
- Example 6 Electroless Nickel Plating Step Divinylbenzene resin particles (average particle size 4 ⁇ m, CV value 5%, “Micropearl SP-204” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were prepared. The resin particles are treated with a 10 wt% solution of an ion adsorbent for 5 minutes, then treated with an aqueous 0.01 wt% palladium sulfate solution for 5 minutes, further reduced with dimethylamine borane, and then filtered and washed. As a result, resin particles having palladium attached thereto were obtained.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- 10 g of resin particles with palladium attached were added and mixed to prepare a slurry, and sulfuric acid was further added to adjust the pH of the slurry to 3.5.
- An initial nickel solution 52 mL containing 10% by weight of nickel sulfate, 10% by weight of sodium hypophosphite, 4% by weight of sodium hydroxide and 20% by weight of sodium succinate was prepared.
- the pH 3.5 slurry was brought to 80 ° C., and the obtained pre-nickel solution was continuously added dropwise to the 80 ° C. slurry at 5 mL / min and stirred for 20 minutes to advance the plating reaction. During the plating reaction, it was confirmed that there was no significant aggregation and generation of hydrogen disappeared, and the plating reaction was terminated.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- all the intermediate nickel particles obtained by solid-liquid separation were added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 10.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the liquid temperature was maintained at 30 ° C.
- particles were obtained in which the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus was formed on the surface of the resin particles.
- grains was 0.1 micrometer.
- Electroless palladium plating step Except for the change to the above electroless nickel plating step, a second electrode containing palladium is formed on the outer surface of the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus in the same manner as in Example 1. The electroconductive particle in which the conductive layer of this was formed was obtained.
- Example 7 In the electroless palladium plating step, the electroconductivity was the same as in Example 1 except that the pH of the plating solution was changed to 5.5 and the temperature of the suspension to which the plating solution was added was changed to 80 ° C. Particles were obtained.
- the pH of the slurry to which the initial nickel solution is added is changed to 10.5
- the pH of the solution to which the latter nickel solution is added is changed to 10.5
- the content of nickel sulfate in the latter nickel solution was changed to 45% by weight
- the dropping rate of the late nickel solution was changed to 10 mL / min (stirring time 27 minutes)
- the pH of the slurry to which the finished nickel solution was added was changed to 10.5
- the finish Conductive particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dropping rate of the nickel solution was changed to 10 mL / min (stirring time: 2.5 minutes).
- Example 8 In the electroless nickel plating step, the pH of the slurry to which the initial nickel solution is added is changed to 10.5, the pH of the solution to which the latter nickel solution is added is changed to 10.5, the content of nickel sulfate in the latter nickel solution was changed to 45% by weight, the dropping rate of the late nickel solution was changed to 10 mL / min (stirring time 27 minutes), the pH of the slurry to which the finished nickel solution was added was changed to 10.5, and the finish Conductive particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the dropping rate of the nickel solution was changed to 10 mL / min (stirring time: 2.5 minutes).
- a 1% by weight sodium succinate solution in which sodium succinate was dissolved in 500 mL of ion-exchanged water was prepared.
- 10 g of resin particles with palladium attached were added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 6.5.
- An initial nickel solution containing 10% by weight of nickel sulfate, 10% by weight of sodium hypophosphite, 4% by weight of sodium hydroxide and 20% by weight of sodium succinate was prepared. After heating the slurry adjusted to pH 6.5 to 80 ° C., the nickel solution is continuously added dropwise to the slurry at a flow rate of 5 mL / min for 10 minutes, and the plating reaction proceeds by stirring for 20 minutes. I let you. After confirming that hydrogen was no longer generated, the plating reaction was completed.
- a late nickel solution containing 20% by weight of nickel sulfate, 20% by weight of sodium hypophosphite and 5% by weight of sodium hydroxide was prepared.
- the late nickel solution was continuously dropped at a flow rate of 10 mL / min over a period of 20 minutes to the solution after the plating reaction with the previous nickel solution, and the plating reaction was advanced by stirring. In this way, when the thickness of the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus reached 0.1 ⁇ m on the surface of the resin particles, the plating reaction was terminated to obtain plated particles.
- grains was 0.1 micrometer.
- Electroless palladium plating step 10 g of the obtained particles were dispersed in 500 mL of ion-exchanged water using an ultrasonic processor to obtain a suspension. While stirring the suspension at 50 ° C., 0.02 mol / L of palladium sulfate, 0.04 mol / L of ethylenediamine as a complexing agent, 0.06 mol / L of sodium formate as a reducing agent, and pH 10.0 containing a crystal modifier. The plating solution was gradually added and electroless palladium plating was performed to form a second conductive layer. When the thickness of the second conductive layer reached 0.04 ⁇ m, the electroless palladium plating was finished. Next, by washing and vacuum drying, conductive particles were obtained in which a second conductive layer containing palladium was formed on the outer surface of the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus.
- a 1% by weight sodium succinate solution in which sodium succinate was dissolved in 500 mL of ion-exchanged water was prepared.
- 10 g of resin particles with palladium attached were added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 7.5.
- An initial nickel solution containing 10% by weight of nickel sulfate, 6% by weight of sodium hypophosphite, 4% by weight of sodium hydroxide and 20% by weight of sodium succinate was prepared. After the slurry adjusted to pH 7.5 is heated to 80 ° C., the nickel solution is continuously dropped into the slurry at a flow rate of 5 mL / min over 10 minutes, and the plating reaction proceeds by stirring for 20 minutes. I let you. After confirming that hydrogen was no longer generated, the plating reaction was completed.
- a late nickel solution containing 20% by weight of nickel sulfate, 20% by weight of sodium hypophosphite and 5% by weight of sodium hydroxide was prepared.
- the late nickel solution was continuously dropped at a flow rate of 10 mL / min for 20 minutes into the solution that had finished the plating reaction with the previous nickel solution, and the plating reaction was advanced by stirring to form a first conductive layer.
- the plating reaction was terminated to obtain plated particles.
- grains was 0.1 micrometer.
- Electroless palladium plating step Except for the change to the above electroless nickel plating step, a second electrode containing palladium is formed on the outer surface of the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus in the same manner as in Example 2. Conductive particles having a conductive layer formed thereon and having protrusions on the surface were obtained.
- Divinylbenzene resin particles (average particle size 4 ⁇ m, CV value 5%, “Micropearl SP-204” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were prepared. The resin particles were treated with a 10% by weight solution of an ion adsorbent for 5 minutes and then treated with a 0.01% by weight aqueous solution of palladium sulfate for 5 minutes. Thereafter, dimethylamine borane was added for reduction treatment, filtration, and washing to obtain resin particles having palladium attached thereto.
- a 1% by weight sodium succinate solution in which sodium succinate was dissolved in 500 mL of ion-exchanged water was prepared.
- 10 g of resin particles with palladium attached were added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 7.5.
- An initial nickel solution containing 10% by weight of nickel sulfate, 6% by weight of sodium hypophosphite, 4% by weight of sodium hydroxide and 20% by weight of sodium succinate was prepared. After the slurry adjusted to pH 10.0 was heated to 80 ° C., the nickel solution was continuously dropped into the slurry at a flow rate of 5 mL / min for 10 minutes, and the plating reaction was advanced by stirring for 20 minutes. . After confirming that hydrogen was no longer generated, the plating reaction was completed.
- a late nickel solution containing 20% by weight of nickel sulfate, 20% by weight of sodium hypophosphite and 5% by weight of sodium hydroxide was prepared.
- the late nickel solution is continuously dropped at a flow rate of 10 mL / min for 20 minutes, and the plating reaction is carried out by maintaining the pH at 7.5 and stirring for 55 minutes. Then, solid-liquid separation was performed to obtain nickel-plated intermediate nickel particles.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- all of the intermediate nickel particles obtained by solid-liquid separation were added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 5.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the liquid temperature was adjusted to 50. The temperature was kept at ° C.
- a finished nickel solution containing 50% by weight of nickel sulfate, 5% by weight of sodium hypophosphite and 5% by weight of sodium hydroxide was prepared. Thereafter, the finishing nickel solution was continuously dropped into the slurry solution at 50 ° C. at a rate of 5 mL / min, and stirred for 5 minutes to cause a plating reaction.
- particles were obtained in which the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus was formed on the surface of the resin particles.
- grains was 0.1 micrometer.
- Divinylbenzene resin particles (average particle size 4 ⁇ m, CV value 5%, “Micropearl SP-204” manufactured by Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd.) were prepared. The resin particles were treated with a 10% by weight solution of an ion adsorbent for 5 minutes and then treated with a 0.01% by weight aqueous solution of palladium sulfate for 5 minutes. Thereafter, dimethylamine borane was added for reduction treatment, filtration, and washing to obtain resin particles having palladium attached thereto.
- a 1% by weight sodium succinate solution in which sodium succinate was dissolved in 500 mL of ion-exchanged water was prepared.
- 10 g of resin particles with palladium attached were added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 7.5.
- An initial nickel solution containing 10% by weight of nickel sulfate, 12% by weight of sodium hypophosphite, 4% by weight of sodium hydroxide and 20% by weight of sodium succinate was prepared. After the slurry adjusted to pH 7.5 was heated to 80 ° C., the nickel solution was continuously dropped into the slurry at a flow rate of 5 mL / min for 10 minutes, and the plating reaction was advanced by stirring for 20 minutes. . After confirming that hydrogen was no longer generated, the plating reaction was completed.
- a late nickel solution containing 20% by weight of nickel sulfate, 20% by weight of sodium hypophosphite and 5% by weight of sodium hydroxide was prepared.
- the late nickel solution was continuously dropped at a flow rate of 10 mL / min for 20 minutes to the solution that had finished the plating reaction with the previous nickel solution, held at PH 6.0 and stirred for 55 minutes, and then subjected to a plating reaction. Liquid separation was performed to obtain intermediate nickel particles.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- all of the intermediate nickel particles obtained by solid-liquid separation were added and mixed to prepare a slurry.
- the pH of the slurry was adjusted to 9.5 with a sodium hydroxide solution, and the liquid temperature was 30 ° C. Kept as it was.
- particles were obtained in which the first conductive layer containing nickel and phosphorus was formed on the surface of the resin particles.
- grains was 0.1 micrometer.
- Example 3 10 g of the particles obtained in the electroless nickel plating step of Example 1 were dispersed in 500 mL of ion-exchanged water using an ultrasonic treatment machine to obtain a suspension.
- the obtained plating solution is gradually added, electroless palladium plating is performed, and when the thickness of the conductive layer reaches 0.04 ⁇ m, electroless palladium plating is performed. By finishing, conductive particles were obtained.
- the second conductive layer was formed on the surface of the base particle without forming the first conductive layer.
- Comparative Example 4 Conductive particles were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the electroless palladium process was not performed. In Comparative Example 4, only the first conductive layer was formed on the surface of the base particle without forming the second conductive layer.
- a solution containing 1% by weight of sodium succinate and 500 mL of ion exchange water was prepared.
- 10 g of resin particles with palladium attached were added and mixed to prepare a slurry, and sulfuric acid was further added to adjust the pH of the slurry to 8.
- An initial nickel solution 52 mL containing 10% by weight of nickel sulfate, 15% of hydradium sulfate, 4% by weight of sodium hydroxide and 20% by weight of sodium succinate was prepared.
- the pH 8 slurry was brought to 80 ° C., and the obtained pre-nickel solution was continuously added dropwise to the 80 ° C. slurry at 5 mL / min and stirred for 20 minutes to advance the plating reaction. During the plating reaction, it was confirmed that there was no significant aggregation and generation of hydrogen disappeared, and the plating reaction was terminated.
- Respective contents of phosphorus and nickel in the first conductive layer A thin film slice of the obtained conductive particles was prepared using a focused ion beam. The section position was set at a position advanced by a distance corresponding to the radius of the conductive particles from the surface of the conductive particles toward the center of the conductive particles. Using a transmission electron microscope FE-TEM (“JEM-2010FEF” manufactured by JEOL Ltd.), each content of phosphorus and nickel in the first conductive layer was measured by an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDS). . Similarly, each average content of phosphorus and nickel in the entire first conductive layer of 10 arbitrary conductive particles was measured, and an average value of 10 measured values was calculated.
- JEM-2010FEF energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- the average content of phosphorus in the first conductive layer on the resin particle side (region A having a thickness of 10% from the inner surface to the outer side of the first conductive layer)
- the average content of phosphorus in the whole) and the average content of phosphorus in the first conductive layer on the second conductive layer side (region B having a thickness of 10% from the outer surface to the inside of the first conductive layer)
- the average content of phosphorus in the whole) was evaluated.
- the thickness of the first conductive layer was also evaluated by the above method.
- connection resistance Two substrates on which copper electrodes with L / S of 100 ⁇ m / 100 ⁇ m were formed were prepared.
- an anisotropy containing 10 parts by weight of the obtained conductive particles, 85 parts by weight of an epoxy resin (“Mitsui Chemical Co., Ltd.“ Struct Bond XN-5A ”) as a binder resin, and 5 parts by weight of an imidazole type curing agent.
- a conductive paste was prepared.
- the anisotropic conductive paste After applying the anisotropic conductive paste on the upper surface of the substrate so that the conductive particles are in contact with the copper electrode, the other substrate is laminated so that the copper electrode is in contact with the conductive particles, and is bonded to obtain a laminate. It was. Then, the anisotropic conductive paste was hardened by heating a laminated body at 180 degreeC for 1 minute, and the connection structure was obtained.
- connection resistance between the opposing electrodes of the obtained connection structure was measured by the four-terminal method, and the obtained measurement value was used as the initial connection resistance.
- connection resistance between the electrodes of the connection structure after being left standing was measured by the four-terminal method, and the obtained measured value was used as the connection resistance after the corrosion test.
- a substrate was prepared in which a nickel-plated layer and a gold-plated layer were sequentially formed on the surface of a copper electrode, and a comb-tooth electrode copper pattern with L / S of 20 ⁇ m / 20 ⁇ m was formed.
- an anisotropy containing 10 parts by weight of the obtained conductive particles, 85 parts by weight of an epoxy resin (“Mitsui Chemical Co., Ltd.“ Struct Bond XN-5A ”) as a binder resin, and 5 parts by weight of an imidazole type curing agent.
- a conductive paste was prepared.
- an alkali-free glass plate was laminated and pressure-bonded to bring the conductive particles into contact with the copper pattern.
- the anisotropic conductive paste was cured by heating at 180 ° C. for 1 minute in a state where the alkali-free glass plates were laminated, to obtain a connection structure.
- the insulation resistance between the adjacent electrodes of the obtained connection structure was measured by a four-terminal method, and the obtained measurement value was used as the initial insulation resistance.
- connection structure was left under conditions of high temperature and high humidity of 85 ° C. and 85%.
- insulation resistance between the adjacent electrodes of the connection structure after being allowed to stand was measured by the four-terminal method, and the obtained measured value was taken as the insulation resistance after the corrosion test.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係る導電材料は、上述した導電性粒子と、バインダー樹脂とを含む。上記導電性粒子は、バインダー樹脂中に分散され、導電材料として用いられることが好ましい。上記導電材料は、異方性導電材料であることが好ましい。該異方性導電材料には、上下の電極間を導通するための導電材料が含まれる。
本発明に係る導電性粒子を用いて、又は該導電性粒子とバインダー樹脂とを含む導電材料を用いて、接続対象部材を接続することにより、接続構造体を得ることができる。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
ジビニルベンゼン樹脂粒子(平均粒子径4μm、CV値5%、積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-204」)を用意した。この樹脂粒子を、イオン吸着剤の10重量%溶液で5分間処理した後、硫酸パラジウム0.01重量%水溶液で5分間処理し、更にジメチルアミンボランを加えて還元処理し、次にろ過及び洗浄することにより、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
得られた粒子10gを、超音波処理機により、イオン交換水500mLに分散させて、懸濁液を得た。硫酸パラジウム0.02mol/L、錯化剤としてエチレンジアミン0.04mol/L、還元剤として蟻酸ナトリウム0.06mol/L及び結晶調整剤を含むpH10.0のめっき液を用意した。得られた懸濁液を50℃で攪拌しながら、得られためっき液を徐々に添加し、無電解パラジウムめっきを行い、第2の導電層を形成した。第2の導電層の厚みが0.04μmになった時点で無電解パラジウムめっきを終了した。次に、洗浄し、真空乾燥することにより、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成された導電性粒子を得た。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程(第1の導電層の表面に突起を形成する工程)
1-1)パラジウム付着工程
ジビニルベンゼン樹脂粒子(平均粒子径4μm、CV値5%、積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-204」)を用意した。この樹脂粒子をエッチングし、水洗した。次に、パラジウム触媒を8重量%含むパラジウム触媒化液100mL中に樹脂粒子を添加し、攪拌した。その後、ろ過し、洗浄した。pH6の0.5重量%ジメチルアミンボラン液に樹脂粒子を添加し、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子10gをイオン交換水300mL中で3分間攪拌し、分散させて、分散液を得た。次に、金属ニッケル粒子スラリー(三井金属社製「2020SUS」、平均粒子径200nm)1gを3分間かけて上記分散液に添加し、芯物質が付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
実施例1と同様の無電解ニッケルめっき工程を経て、樹脂粒子の表面上に、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層が形成されており、かつ表面に突起を有する粒子を得た。得られた粒子における第1の導電層の厚みは0.1μmであった。
実施例1と同様な無電解パラジウムめっき工程を経て、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成された導電性粒子を得た。
(1)絶縁性粒子の作製
4ツ口セパラブルカバー、攪拌翼、三方コック、冷却管及び温度プローブが取り付けられた1000mLのセパラブルフラスコに、メタクリル酸メチル100mmolと、N,N,N-トリメチル-N-2-メタクリロイルオキシエチルアンモニウムクロライド1mmolと、2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩1mmolとを含むモノマー組成物を、固形分率が5重量%となるようにイオン交換水に添加した。その後、200rpmで攪拌し、窒素雰囲気下70℃で24時間重合を行った。反応終了後、凍結乾燥して、表面にアンモニウム基を有し、平均粒子径220nm及びCV値10%の絶縁性粒子(絶縁性樹脂粒子)を得た。
実施例1で得られた導電性粒子を実施例2で得られた導電性粒子に変更したこと以外は実施例3と同様にして、絶縁性粒子が付着した導電性粒子を得た。被覆率は30%であった。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
ジビニルベンゼン樹脂粒子(平均粒子径4μm、CV値5%、積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-204」)を用意した。この樹脂粒子を、イオン吸着剤の10重量%溶液で5分間処理した後、硫酸パラジウム0.01重量%水溶液で5分間処理し、更にジメチルアミンボランを加えて還元処理し、次にろ過及び洗浄することにより、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
上記無電解ニッケルめっき工程に変更したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成されており、かつ表面に突起を有する導電性粒子を得た。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
ジビニルベンゼン樹脂粒子(平均粒子径4μm、CV値5%、積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-204」)を用意した。この樹脂粒子を、イオン吸着剤の10重量%溶液で5分間処理した後、硫酸パラジウム0.01重量%水溶液で5分間処理し、更にジメチルアミンボランを加えて還元処理し、次にろ過及び洗浄することにより、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
上記無電解ニッケルめっき工程に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成された導電性粒子を得た。
無電解パラジウムめっき工程において、めっき液のpHを5.5に変更したこと、並びにめっき液を添加する懸濁液の温度を80℃に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、導電性粒子を得た。
無電解ニッケルめっき工程において、前期ニッケル液を添加するスラリーのpHを10.5に変更したこと、後期ニッケル液を添加する溶液のpH10.5に変更したこと、後期ニッケル液における硫酸ニッケルの含有量を45重量%に変更したこと、後期ニッケル液の滴下速度を10mL/分(撹拌時間27分)に変更したこと、仕上げニッケル液を添加するスラリーのpHを10.5に変更したこと、並びに仕上げニッケル液の滴下速度を10mL/分(撹拌時間2.5分)に変更したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、導電性粒子を得た。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
ジビニルベンゼン樹脂粒子(平均粒子径4μm、CV値5%、積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-204」)を用意した。この樹脂粒子を、イオン吸着剤の10重量%溶液により5分間処理し、次に硫酸パラジウム0.01重量%水溶液により5分間処理した。その後、ジメチルアミンボランを加えて還元処理し、ろ過し、洗浄することにより、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
得られた粒子10gを、超音波処理機により、イオン交換水500mLに分散させて、懸濁液を得た。この懸濁液を50℃で攪拌しながら、硫酸パラジウム0.02mol/L、錯化剤としてエチレンジアミン0.04mol/L、還元剤として蟻酸ナトリウム0.06mol/L及び結晶調整剤を含むpH10.0のめっき液を徐々に添加し、無電解パラジウムめっきを行い、第2の導電層を形成した。第2の導電層の厚みが0.04μmになった時点で無電解パラジウムめっきを終了した。次に、洗浄し、真空乾燥することにより、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成された導電性粒子を得た。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
ジビニルベンゼン樹脂粒子(平均粒子径4μm、CV値5%、積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-204」)を用意した。この樹脂粒子を、イオン吸着剤の10重量%溶液により5分間処理し、次に硫酸パラジウム0.01重量%水溶液により5分間処理した。その後、ジメチルアミンボランを加えて還元処理し、ろ過し、洗浄することにより、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
上記無電解ニッケルめっき工程に変更したこと以外は参考例1と同様にして、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成された導電性粒子を得た。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
硫酸ニッケル6水和物80g/L、次亜リン酸ナトリウム1水和物40g/L及びクエン酸60g/Lを含むpH8.0のニッケルめっき液600mLを用意した。実施例2で得られた芯物質が付着した樹脂粒子に蒸留水500mLを加え、ニッケルめっき液600mLを10mL/分で添加し、懸濁液のpHを8.0に保持しながら、攪拌して無電解ニッケルめっきを行った。ニッケルめっきの際に、凝集防止を目的として懸濁液の温度を30℃まで下げた。第1の導電層の厚みが0.1μmに達した時点で、めっきを終了し、めっき粒子を得た。
上記無電解ニッケルめっき工程に変更したこと以外は実施例2と同様にして、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成されており、かつ表面に突起を有する導電性粒子を得た。
無電解ニッケルメッキ工程のpHを8.8に変更したこと以外は参考例3と同様にして、ニッケルとリンを含む第1の導電層の外表面に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成されており、かつ表面に突起を有する導電性粒子を得た。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
ジビニルベンゼン樹脂粒子(平均粒子径4μm、CV値5%、積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-204」)を用意した。この樹脂粒子を、イオン吸着剤の10重量%溶液により5分間処理し、次に硫酸パラジウム0.01重量%水溶液により5分間処理した。その後、ジメチルアミンボランを加えて還元処理し、ろ過し、洗浄することにより、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
上記無電解ニッケルめっき工程に変更したこと以外は参考例1と同様にして、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成された導電性粒子を得た。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
ジビニルベンゼン樹脂粒子(平均粒子径4μm、CV値5%、積水化学工業社製「ミクロパールSP-204」)を用意した。この樹脂粒子を、イオン吸着剤の10重量%溶液により5分間処理し、次に硫酸パラジウム0.01重量%水溶液により5分間処理した。その後、ジメチルアミンボランを加えて還元処理し、ろ過し、洗浄することにより、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
上記無電解ニッケルめっき工程に変更したこと以外は参考例1と同様にして、ニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層の外表面上に、パラジウムを含む第2の導電層が形成された導電性粒子を得た。
実施例1の無電解ニッケルめっき工程にて得られた粒子10gを、超音波処理機により、イオン交換水500mLに分散させて、懸濁液を得た。硫酸パラジウム0.04mol/L、錯化剤としてエチレンジアミン0.08mol/L、還元剤として硫酸ヒドラジン0.10mol/L、及び結晶調整剤を含むpH10.0のめっき液を用意した。得られた懸濁液を50℃で攪拌しながら、得られためっき液を徐々に添加し、無電解パラジウムめっきを行い、導電層の厚みが0.04μmになった時点で無電解パラジウムめっきを終了することにより、導電性粒子を得た。なお、比較例3では、第1の導電層を形成せずに、基材粒子の表面上に第2の導電層を形成した。
無電解パラジウム工程を行わなかったこと以外に実施例1と同様にして、導電性粒子を得た。なお、比較例4では、第2の導電層を形成せずに、基材粒子の表面上に第1の導電層のみを形成した。
(1)無電解ニッケルめっき工程
実施例1と同様にして、パラジウムが付着した樹脂粒子を得た。
(1)第1の導電層におけるリン及びニッケルの各含有量
集束イオンビームを用いて、得られた導電性粒子の薄膜切片を作製した。切片位置は、導電性粒子の表面から導電性粒子の中心に向かって導電性粒子半径分の距離を進んだに位置とした。透過型電子顕微鏡FE-TEM(日本電子社製「JEM-2010FEF」)を用いて、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置(EDS)により、第1の導電層におけるリン及びニッケルの各含有量を測定した。同様に、任意の導電性粒子10個の第1の導電層全体におけるリン及びニッケルの各平均含有量を測定し、10個の測定値の平均値を算出した。また、上記第1の導電層の厚み方向において、樹脂粒子側での上記第1の導電層におけるリンの平均含有量(第1の導電層の内表面から外側に向けて厚み10%の領域A全体におけるリンの平均含有量)と、第2の導電層側での上記第1の導電層におけるリンの平均含有量(第1の導電層の外表面から内側に向けて厚み10%の領域B全体におけるリンの平均含有量)とを評価した。第1導電層の厚みも上記の方法で評価した。
集束イオンビームを用いて、得られた導電性粒子の薄膜切片を作製した。切片位置は、導電性粒子の表面から導電性粒子の中心に向かって導電性粒子半径分の距離を進んだに位置とした。透過型電子顕微鏡FE-TEM(日本電子社製「JEM-2010FEF」)を用いて、エネルギー分散型X線分析装置(EDS)により、第2の導電層におけるパラジウムの含有量を測定した。同様に、任意の導電性粒子10個の第2の導電層全体におけるパラジウムの平均含有量を測定し、10個の測定値の平均値を算出した。第2導電層の厚みも上記の方法で評価した。
L/Sが100μm/100μmの銅電極が形成された2枚の基板を用意した。また、得られた導電性粒子10重量部と、バインダー樹脂であるエポキシ樹脂(三井化学社製「ストラクトボンドXN-5A」)85重量部と、イミダゾール型硬化剤5重量部とを含む異方性導電ペーストを用意した。
図4に示すように、銅電極の表面に、ニッケルめっき層及び金めっき層が順次形成された、L/Sが20μm/20μmのくし歯電極銅パターンが形成された基板を用意した。また、得られた導電性粒子10重量部と、バインダー樹脂であるエポキシ樹脂(三井化学社製「ストラクトボンドXN-5A」)85重量部と、イミダゾール型硬化剤5重量部とを含む異方性導電ペーストを用意した。
得られた導電性粒子を用いて、300ccのガラス製ビーカーに導電性粒子1g:ジルコニアボール(直径1.0mm)45g:トルエン17gの比率で各材料を混合し、直径30mmのステンレス製羽根で400rpm/2分攪拌する条件で、導電性粒子に荷重をかけた。その後、導電層の割れ、及び導電層の基材粒子の表面からの剥離の有無を確認した。荷重試験を下記の基準で判定した。
○:導電層に割れが生じず、かつ導電層が基材粒子の表面から剥離していない
△:導電層にわずかな割れが生じたものの、導電層の少なくとも一部が基材粒子の表面から剥離した
×:導電層に割れが生じ、かつ導電層の少なくとも一部が基材粒子の表面から剥離した
1a…突起
2…基材粒子
3…第1の導電層
3a…突起
4…第2の導電層
4a…突起
5…芯物質
6…絶縁物質
11…導電性粒子
12…第1の導電層
13…第2の導電層
51…接続構造体
52…第1の接続対象部材
52a…上面
52b…電極
53…第2の接続対象部材
53a…下面
53b…電極
54…接続部
Claims (8)
- 基材粒子と、
前記基材粒子の表面上に配置されており、かつニッケルとリンとを含む第1の導電層と、
前記第1の導電層の外表面上に配置されており、かつパラジウムを含む第2の導電層とを備え、
前記第1の導電層におけるリンの含有量が5重量%未満であり、
前記第1の導電層におけるリンの含有量が、前記第1の導電層の厚み方向において、前記基材粒子側で前記第2の導電層側よりも多い、導電性粒子。 - 前記第1の導電層におけるリンの含有量が、前記第1の導電層の厚み方向において、前記基材粒子側で前記第2の導電層側よりも0.5重量%以上多い、請求項1に記載の導電性粒子。
- 前記第1の導電層におけるリンの含有量が0.1重量%以上、5重量%未満である、請求項1又は2に記載の導電性粒子。
- 前記第1の導電層におけるリンの含有量が3重量%以上、5重量%未満である、請求項3に記載の導電性粒子。
- 導電性の表面に突起を有する、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の導電性粒子。
- 前記第2の導電層の外表面上に配置された絶縁物質を備える、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の導電性粒子。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の導電性粒子と、バインダー樹脂とを含む、導電材料。
- 第1の接続対象部材と、第2の接続対象部材と、前記第1,第2の接続対象部材を接続している接続部とを備え、
前記接続部が、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の導電性粒子により形成されているか、又は該導電性粒子とバインダー樹脂とを含む導電材料により形成されている、接続構造体。
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| JP2015072898A (ja) * | 2013-09-09 | 2015-04-16 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 基材粒子、導電性粒子、導電材料及び接続構造体 |
| JPWO2013108842A1 (ja) * | 2012-01-20 | 2015-05-11 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 導電性粒子、導電材料及び接続構造体 |
| JP2016076339A (ja) * | 2014-10-03 | 2016-05-12 | 日立化成株式会社 | 導電粒子 |
| US10510821B2 (en) | 2016-06-10 | 2019-12-17 | Innovation Counsel Llp | Display device |
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| TWI740807B (zh) * | 2014-10-29 | 2021-10-01 | 日商迪睿合股份有限公司 | 導電材料、連接構造體、及連接構造體之製造方法 |
| KR102410478B1 (ko) | 2015-09-14 | 2022-06-17 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치 |
| WO2017138521A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-08 | 2017-08-17 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 導電性粒子、導電材料及び接続構造体 |
| WO2021206201A1 (ko) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-14 | 주식회사 씨앤씨머티리얼즈 | 니켈 금속층을 포함하는 전도성 폴리머 입자 |
| WO2021206202A1 (ko) * | 2020-04-10 | 2021-10-14 | 주식회사 씨앤씨머티리얼즈 | 은 금속층을 포함하는 전도성 폴리머 입자 |
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| CN103765527A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
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| CN103765527B (zh) | 2017-12-19 |
| KR101953938B1 (ko) | 2019-03-04 |
| JP6165626B2 (ja) | 2017-07-19 |
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