WO2013100068A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶表示素子、液晶表示素子の製造方法及び重合性化合物 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶表示素子、液晶表示素子の製造方法及び重合性化合物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013100068A1 WO2013100068A1 PCT/JP2012/083916 JP2012083916W WO2013100068A1 WO 2013100068 A1 WO2013100068 A1 WO 2013100068A1 JP 2012083916 W JP2012083916 W JP 2012083916W WO 2013100068 A1 WO2013100068 A1 WO 2013100068A1
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- 0 C*(NNN(*)C(C)=*NC)N(C)C Chemical compound C*(NNN(*)C(C)=*NC)N(C)C 0.000 description 8
- ZFVCTCBUQFJQQK-DWGHPKEWSA-N CC(C(ONC(/C=C/c1ccc(CCNc(cc2)ccc2C(c2ccc(C(C3)N3c3ccc(/C=C/C(N(C)OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)cc3)cc2)=O)cc1)=O)=O)=C Chemical compound CC(C(ONC(/C=C/c1ccc(CCNc(cc2)ccc2C(c2ccc(C(C3)N3c3ccc(/C=C/C(N(C)OC(C(C)=C)=O)=O)cc3)cc2)=O)cc1)=O)=O)=C ZFVCTCBUQFJQQK-DWGHPKEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYEVSMYEIBOVAD-HNPFEXMKSA-N CC(C)(/C(/C=C\C)=C/C=C)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound CC(C)(/C(/C=C\C)=C/C=C)c1ccccc1 JYEVSMYEIBOVAD-HNPFEXMKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MNWLWOMAJJONAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2)C1C(CC1)C2C(C)(CC2)C1C(C)(C)C2OC(c1cc(N)cc(N)c1)=O Chemical compound CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2)C1C(CC1)C2C(C)(CC2)C1C(C)(C)C2OC(c1cc(N)cc(N)c1)=O MNWLWOMAJJONAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEFNAWJXQXAESC-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2)C1C1C2C(C)(CCC(C2(C)C)OC(c3cc(N)cc(N)c3)=O)C2=CC1 Chemical compound CC(CCC=C(C)C)C(CC1)C(C)(CC2)C1C1C2C(C)(CCC(C2(C)C)OC(c3cc(N)cc(N)c3)=O)C2=CC1 WEFNAWJXQXAESC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAFDFCFAALOJLG-KOJZRSEWSA-N CN(C(/C=C/c(cc1)ccc1NCCc(cc1)ccc1C(c(cc1)ccc1NCCc1ccc(/C=C/C(NOC(C=C)=O)=O)cc1)=O)=O)OC(C=C)=O Chemical compound CN(C(/C=C/c(cc1)ccc1NCCc(cc1)ccc1C(c(cc1)ccc1NCCc1ccc(/C=C/C(NOC(C=C)=O)=O)cc1)=O)=O)OC(C=C)=O KAFDFCFAALOJLG-KOJZRSEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POVUMWWZGIUJMR-FWSOMWAYSA-N CN(C(CC1=C)OC1=O)C(/C=C/c(cc1)ccc1NCCc(cc1)ccc1C(c(cc1)ccc1NCCc1ccc(/C=C/C(NC(CC2=C)OC2=O)=O)cc1)=O)=O Chemical compound CN(C(CC1=C)OC1=O)C(/C=C/c(cc1)ccc1NCCc(cc1)ccc1C(c(cc1)ccc1NCCc1ccc(/C=C/C(NC(CC2=C)OC2=O)=O)cc1)=O)=O POVUMWWZGIUJMR-FWSOMWAYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BQBNIUKRQGTSQQ-QPJJXVBHSA-N CNOc1ccc(/C=C/C(O)=O)cc1 Chemical compound CNOc1ccc(/C=C/C(O)=O)cc1 BQBNIUKRQGTSQQ-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N O=C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 Chemical compound O=C(c1ccccc1)c1ccccc1 RWCCWEUUXYIKHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/10—Esters
- C08F20/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F20/30—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/52—Esters of acyclic unsaturated carboxylic acids having the esterified carboxyl group bound to an acyclic carbon atom
- C07C69/533—Monocarboxylic acid esters having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
- C07C69/54—Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
- C07C69/734—Ethers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C69/00—Esters of carboxylic acids; Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids
- C07C69/66—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety
- C07C69/73—Esters of carboxylic acids having esterified carboxylic groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and having any of the groups OH, O—metal, —CHO, keto, ether, acyloxy, groups, groups, or in the acid moiety of unsaturated acids
- C07C69/738—Esters of keto-carboxylic acids or aldehydo-carboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/30—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/66—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups
- C08G63/668—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/676—Polyesters containing oxygen in the form of ether groups derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds in which at least one of the two components contains aliphatic unsaturation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L33/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical, or of salts, anhydrides, esters, amides, imides or nitriles thereof; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L33/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters
- C08L33/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of esters of esters containing halogen, nitrogen, sulfur, or oxygen atoms in addition to the carboxy oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K19/00—Liquid crystal materials
- C09K19/52—Liquid crystal materials characterised by components which are not liquid crystals, e.g. additives with special physical aspect: solvents, solid particles
- C09K19/54—Additives having no specific mesophase characterised by their chemical composition
- C09K19/56—Aligning agents
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal display element, a method for producing a liquid crystal display element, and a polymerizable compound that can be used for producing a liquid crystal display element produced by irradiating ultraviolet rays with voltage applied to liquid crystal molecules.
- a liquid crystal display element that responds by an electric field to liquid crystal molecules that are aligned perpendicular to the substrate (also referred to as a vertical alignment method)
- ultraviolet light is applied while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal molecules during the manufacturing process.
- a photopolymerizable compound is added to a liquid crystal composition in advance and used together with a vertical alignment film such as polyimide to irradiate ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to a liquid crystal cell.
- a technique for increasing the response speed of liquid crystal for example, see Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 is known (PSA liquid crystal display).
- PSA liquid crystal display usually, the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules tilt in response to an electric field is controlled by protrusions provided on the substrate or slits provided on the display electrode, but a liquid crystal composition is added with a photopolymerizable compound.
- the ultraviolet rays applied to the liquid crystal cell may decompose the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal aligning agent that can increase the response speed even in the case of a small dose is required.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent that can sufficiently react even with long-wavelength ultraviolet rays with little fear of decomposing the liquid crystal and the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- such a request to increase the response speed is not limited to the vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element, but also exists in other types such as a twisted nematic (TN) type.
- TN twisted nematic
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the prior art, and the response speed of the liquid crystal display element is not caused to contain a polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal, and a small irradiation amount or a longer wavelength.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal display element, a method for producing a liquid crystal display element, and a polymerizable compound that can be improved even when ultraviolet rays are used.
- the present inventors introduced a structure containing an aromatic ring at the center, and further introduced a photopolymerizable group at the terminal and a structure causing photodimerization.
- the present invention has been completed by finding that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by using a liquid crystal alignment film containing a polymerizable compound (hereinafter also referred to as a specific polymerizable compound). That is, the present invention has the following gist.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent comprising a polymerizable compound represented by the following formula [1].
- C is a divalent carbocyclic group containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms and containing an aromatic ring, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the carbocyclic group are fluorine. It may be replaced with an atom or an organic group.
- S 1 and S 1 ′ are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group are a fluorine atom or an organic group It may be replaced with.
- S 1 and S 1 ′ may be substituted with —CH 2 — when any of the following groups are not adjacent to each other; —O—, —NHCO—, — CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO—.
- P and P ′ are each independently a group that causes divalent photodimerization selected from the following formulas [P-1] to [P-10], and one of the groups that cause this divalent photodimerization or A plurality of hydrogen atoms may be replaced with organic groups.
- S 2 S 2'independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group formed by 10 carbon atoms from 1 carbon atoms, one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, a fluorine atom or an organic group It may be replaced with.
- S 2, S 2' in if any of the following groups not adjacent to each other, -CH 2 - may be replaced by these groups; -O -, - NHCO -, - CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO—.
- L and L ′ each independently represents a monovalent photopolymerizable group selected from the following formulas [L-1] to [L-11]. )
- liquid crystal aligning agent according to 1, wherein L and L ′ are monovalent groups selected from the formulas [L-1], [L-2] and [L-7].
- liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 3, wherein C is a divalent group selected from the following formulas [C-1] to [C-12].
- liquid crystal aligning agent according to any one of 1 to 4, comprising a polymer that forms a liquid crystal alignment film for vertically aligning liquid crystals and a solvent.
- a liquid crystal display element comprising the liquid crystal alignment film according to 7.6.
- a liquid crystal layer is provided by contacting a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by applying the liquid crystal alignment agent according to any one of 8.1 to 5 on a substrate and firing the substrate, and applying ultraviolet voltage to the liquid crystal layer while applying a voltage.
- C represents a divalent organic group selected from the following formulas [C-2], [C-5] to [C-8] and [C-10].
- S 1 and S 1 ′ are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group are a fluorine atom or an organic group It may be replaced with. Further, S 1 and S 1 ′ may be substituted with —CH 2 — when any of the following groups are not adjacent to each other; —O—, —NHCO—, — CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO—.
- S 2'independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group formed by 10 carbon atoms from 1 carbon atoms, one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, a fluorine atom or an organic group It may be replaced with.
- P is a group that causes divalent photodimerization selected from the following formulas [P-1] to [P-3] and [P-5].
- L and L ′ are monovalent organic groups selected from the following formulas [L-1], [L-2] and [L-7]. )
- C represents a divalent organic group represented by any of the following formulas, and n represents an integer of 2 to 4.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal display element can be improved without containing a polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal, and in the case of a small irradiation amount and also under the irradiation condition of longer wavelength ultraviolet rays.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent which can be provided can be provided.
- the specific polymerizable compound used in the present invention is a novel compound that is unknown in the literature.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention contains the polymer and solvent which form the specific polymeric compound, the liquid crystal aligning film which can align a liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent is a solution for forming a liquid crystal alignment film
- the liquid crystal alignment film is a film for aligning liquid crystals in a predetermined direction, for example, a vertical direction.
- the specific polymerizable compound contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is represented by the following formula [1].
- C is a divalent carbocyclic group containing 10 to 30 carbon atoms and containing an aromatic ring, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the carbocyclic group are fluorine. It may be replaced with an atom or an organic group.
- S 1 and S 1 ′ are each independently a single bond or an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and one or more hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group are a fluorine atom or an organic group It may be replaced with.
- S 1 and S 1 ′ may be substituted with —CH 2 — when any of the following groups are not adjacent to each other; —O—, —NHCO—, — CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO—.
- P and P ′ each independently represent a group that causes divalent photodimerization selected from the following formulas [P-1] to [P-10].
- One or more hydrogen atoms of the group that causes divalent photodimerization may be replaced with an organic group.
- S 2'independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group formed by 10 carbon atoms from 1 carbon atoms, one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkylene group, a fluorine atom or an organic group It may be replaced with.
- S 2, S 2' in if any of the following groups not adjacent to each other, -CH 2 - may be replaced by these groups; -O -, - NHCO -, - CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO—.
- L and L ′ each independently represents a monovalent photopolymerizable group selected from the following formulas [L-1] to [L-11]. )
- C in the formula [1] is a core part of the polymerizable compound, and C is a divalent carbocyclic group formed of 10 to 30 carbon atoms (for example, C is 10 to 30 carbon atoms).
- the organic group include an alkyl group (—R), a hydroxyl group (—OH), an alkoxy group (—OR), a halogen group (—Cl, —Br, —I), a cyano group (—CN), and a dialkylamino.
- divalent carbocyclic group examples include divalent groups such as the following formulas [C-1] to [C-12], but are not limited thereto. Among them, a divalent group selected from the formulas [C-2], [C-5] to [C-8], and [C-10] is available, easily synthesized, and It is preferably used from the viewpoint of effect expression.
- S 1 and S 1 ′ are spacer sites that connect C, which is a core site of the polymerizable compound, and P, P ′ , which are sites that cause photodimerization, and are each a single bond or a carbon number of 1
- any hydrogen atom of this alkylene group may be replaced with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- the organic group include a hydroxyl group (—OH), an alkoxy group (—OR), a halogen group (—Cl, —Br, —I), a dialkylamino group (—NR 2 ), and an ester group (—COOR). It is done.
- the hydrogen atom to be replaced may be one place or a plurality of places.
- one or more -CH 2 in the alkylene groups - is, in if any of the following bonding groups are not adjacent to each other, -CH 2 - may be replaced by these linking groups -O-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NH-, -NHCONH-, -NH-, -CO-.
- —CH 2 — replaced by the bonding group may be at one position, and may be at a plurality of positions if the bonding groups are not adjacent to each other.
- S 1 and S 1 ′ are an alkylene group-the bonding group structure, the bonding group-alkylene group structure, an alkylene group-the bonding group-alkylene group structure, or the bonding group-alkylene group. -Means that it may contain the corresponding linking group. S 1 and S 1 ′ may have the same structure or different from each other, but synthesis is easy when they are the same.
- P and P ′ in the formula [1] represent a group that causes photodimerization selected from the above formulas [P-1] to [P-10].
- the group that causes photodimerization is a functional group that forms a dimer by reacting with light irradiation.
- these one or more hydrogen atoms may be substituted with an organic group.
- the organic group include an alkyl group (—R), a hydroxyl group (—OH), an alkoxy group (—OR), a halogen group (—Cl, —Br, —I), a cyano group (—CN), and a dialkylamino.
- Examples include a group (—NR 2 ), an ester group (—COOR), and a nitro group (—NO 2 ).
- divalent organic groups represented by the above formulas [P-1] to [P-3] and [P-5] are preferably used from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and manifestation of the effect of the present invention. It is done.
- S 2'in formula [1] is the site undergoing photo-dimerization P, 'L a photopolymerizable group, L' P is a spacer portion connecting a single bond or a carbon number 1 Is an alkylene group formed of 10 carbon atoms.
- any hydrogen atom of this alkylene group may be replaced with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- the organic group include a hydroxyl group (—OH), an alkoxy group (—OR), a halogen group (—Cl, —Br, —I), a dialkylamino group (—NR 2 ), and an ester group (—COOR). Can be mentioned.
- the hydrogen atom to be replaced may be one place or a plurality of places.
- one or more -CH 2 in the alkylene groups - is, in if any of the following bonding groups are not adjacent to each other, -CH 2 - may be replaced by these linking groups -O-, -NHCO-, -CONH-, -COO-, -OCO-, -NH-, -NHCONH-, -NH-, -CO-.
- —CH 2 — replaced by the bonding group may be at one position, and may be at a plurality of positions if the bonding groups are not adjacent to each other.
- S 2 S 2'is an alkylene group - configuration of the binding group or the bonding group - configuration of alkylene or an alkylene group - the linking group - configuration of alkylene or, the linking group - an alkylene group -Means that it may contain the corresponding linking group.
- S 2 and S 2'but may be the same or different structure, it is easy to synthesize and are identical.
- L and L ′ in the formula [1] represent a monovalent photopolymerizable group selected from the following formulas [L-1] to [L-11].
- the photopolymerizable group is a functional group that causes polymerization when irradiated with light.
- monovalent photopolymerizable groups represented by the formulas [L-1] and [L-2] are represented by the formula [L-7] from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- a monovalent photopolymerizable group is preferably used from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the method for synthesizing the specific polymerizable compound represented by the formula [1] of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method for synthesizing by the following method.
- Specific examples of the specific polymerizable compound represented by the formula [1] include polymerizable compounds represented by the following formula.
- S 1, S 1', S 2, S 2' independently represents a single bond or an alkylene group formed by carbon having 1 to 10 carbon atoms One or more hydrogen atoms of the alkylene group may be replaced with a fluorine atom or an organic group.
- S 2, S 2' in if any of the following groups not adjacent to each other, -CH 2 - may be replaced by these groups; -O -, - NHCO -, - CONH—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NH—, —CO—.
- the response speed of the liquid crystal display element is reduced without containing the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal.
- the irradiation amount it can be improved also under the irradiation condition of ultraviolet rays having a longer wavelength.
- the polymerizable compound represented by the formula [1] of the present invention has a bulky functional group containing an aromatic ring at its central part, or the absorption maximum of the polymerizable compound itself shifts to a long wavelength. It is considered that it reacts sufficiently even with longer wavelength ultraviolet rays and can fix the liquid crystal, resulting in a faster response speed. Further, the polymerizable compound represented by the formula [1] remains in the film without being sublimated even if it is exposed to a high temperature during the formation of the liquid crystal alignment film because of its bulky structure. To do. As a result, it is considered that the liquid crystal can be fixed by reacting sufficiently even with a small amount of ultraviolet rays.
- the polymer forming the liquid crystal alignment film that can align the liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can align the liquid crystal on the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the substrate.
- Examples thereof include a polyimide precursor and a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor.
- the polyimide precursor include polyamic acid (also referred to as polyamic acid) or polyamic acid ester.
- Such a polyimide precursor includes a diamine component (for example, a diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning a liquid crystal, which will be described later, or a diamine having a photoreactive side chain) and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component (for example, it can be obtained by reaction with tetracarboxylic dianhydride, tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride, tetracarboxylic acid diester, etc., which will be described later. Specifically, a polyamic acid is obtained by reaction of a diamine component and tetracarboxylic dianhydride.
- a diamine component for example, a diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning a liquid crystal, which will be described later, or a diamine having a photoreactive side chain
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component for example, it can be obtained by reaction with tetracarboxylic dianhydride,
- the polyamic acid ester can be obtained by reacting a diamine component with a tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride in the presence of a base, or reacting a tetracarboxylic acid diester with a diamine component in the presence of a suitable condensing agent or base.
- Polyimide can be obtained by dehydrating and ring-closing this polyamic acid or by heating and ring-closing the polyamic acid ester. Any of such polyamic acid, polyamic acid ester, and polyimide is useful as a polymer for obtaining a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the polymer forming the liquid crystal alignment film that can align the liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention for example, the liquid crystal on the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the substrate is aligned perpendicularly to the substrate.
- the polymer which can be made to be mentioned is mentioned.
- a polymer that can align the liquid crystal on the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the substrate perpendicularly to the substrate a polymer having a side chain that aligns the liquid crystal vertically is preferable. Examples thereof include a polyimide precursor having a side chain that is vertically aligned and a polyimide obtained by imidizing the polyimide precursor.
- the side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal is not limited as long as the liquid crystal can be aligned vertically with respect to the substrate.
- a long chain alkyl group, a ring structure or a branch in the middle of the long chain alkyl group may be used. Examples thereof include a group having a structure, a steroid group, and a group in which some or all of hydrogen atoms of these groups are replaced with fluorine atoms.
- the side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal may be directly bonded to the main chain of a polymer such as a polyimide precursor or polyimide, or may be bonded via an appropriate bonding group. Examples of the side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal include those represented by the following formula (a).
- l, m and n each independently represents an integer of 0 or 1
- R 7 represents an alkylene group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—.
- R 8 , R 9 and R 10 each independently represent a phenylene group or a cycloalkylene group
- R 11 is a hydrogen atom
- 2 carbon atoms Represents an alkyl group of 24 or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, a monovalent aromatic ring, a monovalent aliphatic ring, a monovalent heterocyclic ring, or a monovalent macrocyclic substituent comprising them.
- R 7 in the above formula (a) is preferably —O—, —COO—, —CONH—, an alkylene group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms or an ether group, from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis.
- R 8 , R 9 and R 10 in the formula (a) are l, m, n, R 8 and R 9 shown in Table 1 below from the viewpoint of easy synthesis and ability to align liquid crystals vertically. And a combination of R 10 is preferred.
- R 11 in formula (a) is preferably a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 2 to 14 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, more preferably A hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- R 11 is preferably an alkyl group having 12 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group, a monovalent aromatic ring, a monovalent aliphatic ring, a monovalent Heterocycles and monovalent macrocyclic substituents composed of them are more preferable alkyl groups having 12 to 20 carbon atoms or fluorine-containing alkyl groups.
- the amount of the side chain that vertically aligns the liquid crystal is not particularly limited as long as the liquid crystal alignment film can align the liquid crystal vertically.
- the amount of side chains that vertically align the liquid crystal is possible within a range that does not impair the display characteristics of the element such as voltage holding ratio and accumulation of residual DC voltage. As few as possible is preferable.
- the ability of a polymer having side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals to align liquid crystals vertically varies depending on the structure of the side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals, but in general, the side chains for vertically aligning liquid crystals. As the amount increases, the ability to align the liquid crystal vertically increases, and as the amount decreases, it decreases. Moreover, when it has a cyclic structure, compared with the case where it does not have a cyclic structure, there exists a tendency for the capability to orientate a liquid crystal vertically.
- the polymer forming the liquid crystal alignment film for vertically aligning the liquid crystal preferably has a photoreactive side chain.
- a photoreactive side chain is a side chain having a functional group (hereinafter also referred to as a photoreactive group) that can react by irradiation with ultraviolet rays to form a covalent bond.
- the structure is not limited.
- Examples of the photoreactive side chain include a side chain having a vinyl group, an acryl group, a methacryl group, an allyl group, a styryl group, a cinnamoyl group, a chalcone group, a coumarin group, a maleimide group, etc.
- the photoreactive side chain may be directly bonded to the main chain of a polymer such as a polyimide precursor or polyimide, or may be bonded via an appropriate bonding group.
- a polymer such as a polyimide precursor or polyimide
- Examples of the photoreactive side chain include those represented by the following formula (b).
- R 12 is a single bond or —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO—, —OCO—, —NHCO—, —CONH—, —NH—, —CH 2 O—, —N Represents any one of (CH 3 ) —, —CON (CH 3 ) —, —N (CH 3 ) CO—, and R 13 is a single bond, or unsubstituted or substituted with a fluorine atom.
- R 12 in the above formula (b) can be formed by a general organic synthetic method, but from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis, —CH 2 —, —O—, —COO—, —NHCO —, —NH— and —CH 2 O— are preferred.
- divalent carbocycle or divalent heterocycle carbocycle or heterocycle for replacing any —CH 2 — in R 13 include the following structures, but are not limited thereto. Is not to be done.
- R 14 is preferably a vinyl group, an acrylic group, a methacryl group, an allyl group, a styryl group, —N (CH 2 CHCH 2 ) 2 or a structure represented by the following formula.
- the amount of the photoreactive side chain is preferably within a range in which the response speed of the liquid crystal can be increased by reacting with ultraviolet irradiation to form a covalent bond. In order to further increase the response speed of the liquid crystal As many as possible are preferable as long as other characteristics are not affected.
- a method for producing a polymer for forming a liquid crystal alignment film for vertically aligning such liquid crystals is not particularly limited.
- a diamine component in the case of producing a polyamic acid having a side chain for vertically aligning liquid crystals, a diamine component and In a method for obtaining a polyamic acid by reaction with a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component, a diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning a liquid crystal or a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a side chain for vertically aligning a liquid crystal is copolymerized. The method is simple.
- a polymer forming a liquid crystal alignment film for vertically aligning liquid crystals contains a photoreactive side chain
- a diamine having a photoreactive side chain or a tetracarboxylic acid having a photoreactive side chain A dianhydride may be copolymerized.
- a diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal a long-chain alkyl group, a group having a ring structure or a branched structure in the middle of the long-chain alkyl group, a steroid group, a part of hydrogen atoms of these groups or
- examples thereof include a diamine having a group in which all the fluorine atoms are replaced as a side chain, such as a diamine having a side chain represented by the above formula (a). More specifically, examples include diamines represented by the following formulas (2), (3), (4), and (5), but are not limited thereto.
- a 10 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO—, or —NH—.
- a 11 represents a single bond or a phenylene group
- a represents the same structure as a side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal represented by the above formula (a)
- a ′ is represented by the above formula (a). (This represents a divalent group having a structure in which one element such as hydrogen is removed from the same structure as the side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal.)
- a 14 is an alkyl group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a fluorine atom
- a 15 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, or 1,4- A phenylene group
- a 16 is an oxygen atom or —COO— * (where a bond marked with “*” is bonded to A 3 )
- a 17 is an oxygen atom or —COO — * ( However, bond marked with "*” is (CH 2) binds to a 2.) is.
- a 1 is 0, or an integer 1
- a 2 is an integer from 2 to 10
- a 3 is 0 or an integer of 1.
- Binding positions of the two amino group (-NH 2) in equation (2) is not limited. Specifically, with respect to the linking group of the side chain, 2, 3 position, 2, 4 position, 2, 5 position, 2, 6 position, 3, 4 position on the benzene ring, 3, 4 position, 5 positions. Among these, from the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing a polyamic acid, positions 2, 4, 2, 5, or 3, 5 are preferable. Considering the ease in synthesizing the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- a 1 is an alkyl group having 2 to 24 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- a 2 represents —O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 O—, —COOCH 2 —, or —CH 2 OCO—
- 3 is an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
- a 4 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, or —CH 2 —
- a 5 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a fluorine-containing alkyl group, or a fluorine-containing alkoxy group.
- a 6 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —COOCH 2 —, —CH 2 OCO—, —CH 2 O—, —OCH 2 —, —CH 2 —, —O—, or —NH—
- a 7 represents fluorine group, cyano group, trifluoromethane group, nitro group, azo group, formyl group, acetyl group, acetoxy Group or hydroxyl group.
- a 8 is an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer. .
- a 9 is an alkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, and the cis-trans isomerism of 1,4-cyclohexylene is a trans isomer. .
- diamine represented by the formula (3) include diamines represented by the following formulas [A-25] to [A-30], but are not limited thereto.
- a 12 represents —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NHCO—, —CH 2 —, —O—, —CO—, or —NH—
- a 13 represents an alkyl group having 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a fluorine-containing alkyl group.
- diamine represented by the formula (4) examples include diamines represented by the following formulas [A-31] to [A-32], but are not limited thereto.
- the above-mentioned diamines can be used alone or in combination of two or more depending on the properties such as liquid crystal orientation, pretilt angle, voltage holding property, and accumulated charge when the liquid crystal alignment film is used.
- the diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal is preferably used in an amount of 5 to 50 mol% of the diamine component used for the synthesis of polyamic acid or the like, more preferably 10 to 40 mol of the diamine component.
- % Is a diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal, particularly preferably 15 to 30 mol%.
- a diamine having a photoreactive side chain a diamine having a photoreactive group such as a vinyl group, acrylic group, methacryl group, allyl group, styryl group, cinnamoyl group, chalconyl group, coumarin group, and maleimide group as a side chain
- the diamine which has a side chain represented by the said Formula (b) can be mentioned. More specifically, examples include diamines represented by the following general formula (6), but are not limited thereto.
- the bonding position of the two amino groups (—NH 2 ) in Formula (6) is not limited. Specifically, with respect to the linking group of the side chain, 2, 3 position, 2, 4 position, 2, 5 position, 2, 6 position, 3, 4 position on the benzene ring, 3, 4 position, 5 positions. Among these, from the viewpoint of reactivity when synthesizing a polyamic acid, positions 2, 4, 2, 5, or 3, 5 are preferable. Considering the ease in synthesizing the diamine, the positions 2, 4 or 3, 5 are more preferable.
- diamine having a photoreactive group examples include, but are not limited to, the following compounds.
- X is a single bond or a linking group selected from —O—, —COO—, —NHCO—, —NH—, Y is a single bond, or carbon that is unsubstituted or substituted by a fluorine atom. Represents an alkylene group of 1 to 20.
- the diamine having the photoreactive group depends on the liquid crystal orientation when used as a liquid crystal alignment film, the pretilt angle, voltage holding characteristics, characteristics such as stored charge, the response speed of the liquid crystal when used as a liquid crystal display element, One type or a mixture of two or more types can also be used.
- the diamine having such a photoreactive group is preferably used in an amount of 10 to 70 mol%, more preferably 20 to 60 mol%, particularly preferably diamine components used for the synthesis of polyamic acid or the like. 30 to 50 mol%.
- diamines other than the diamine having a side chain for vertically aligning the liquid crystal and the diamine having a photoreactive group are used as a diamine component. can do. If the liquid crystal is not required to be aligned vertically, the amount of diamine having a side chain that vertically aligns the liquid crystal may be reduced. If the liquid crystal is to be aligned horizontally, the liquid crystal is aligned vertically. If the diamine having the side chain to be used is not used.
- the other diamines include p-phenylenediamine, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, , 4-Dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 2,5-diaminophenol, 2,4-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diamino Benzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3′-dimethyl-4,4′-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3′-dimethoxy-4, 4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dihydroxy-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl
- the above-mentioned other diamines can be used alone or in combination of two or more according to properties such as liquid crystal orientation, pretilt angle, voltage holding property, and accumulated charge when the liquid crystal alignment film is used.
- the tetracarboxylic dianhydride to be reacted with the diamine component in the synthesis of polyamic acid is not particularly limited. Specifically, pyromellitic acid, 2,3,6,7-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid, 2, 3,6,7-anthracenetetracarboxylic acid, 1,2,5,6-anthracenetetracarboxylic acid, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetra Carboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenonetetracarboxylic acid, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone, bis (3,4-dicarboxy) Phenyl) methan
- the tetracarboxylic acid ester to be reacted with the diamine component to obtain the polyamic acid ester contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent used in the present invention is not particularly limited. Specific examples are given below.
- aliphatic tetracarboxylic acid diester examples include 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2-dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1 , 3-Dimethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2,3,4-tetramethyl-1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2, 3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydrofurantetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 3,4-dicarboxy-1 -Cyclohexyl succinic acid dialkyl ester, 3,4-dicarboxy 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthalen
- aromatic tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester examples include pyromellitic acid dialkyl ester, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,2 ′, 3,3′-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,3 ′, 4-biphenyltetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 3,3 ′, 4,4′-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,3 ′, 4-benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) ether dialkyl ester, bis (3,4-dicarboxyphenyl) sulfone dialkyl ester, 1,2,5,6-naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester, 2,3,6,7- Naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid dialkyl
- a known synthesis method can be used.
- a diamine component and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component are reacted in an organic solvent.
- the reaction between the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is advantageous in that it proceeds relatively easily in an organic solvent and no by-products are generated.
- the organic solvent used in the above reaction is not particularly limited as long as the generated polyamic acid is soluble. Furthermore, even if it is an organic solvent in which a polyamic acid does not melt
- organic solvent used in the reaction examples include N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylformamide, N-methylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2- Pyrrolidone, 2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide, N-methylcaprolactam, dimethyl sulfoxide, tetramethyl urea, pyridine, dimethyl sulfone, hexamethyl sulfoxide , ⁇ -butyrolactone, isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, dipentene, ethyl amyl ketone, methyl nonyl ketone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isoamyl ketone, methyl isopropyl ketone, methyl cellosolve, e
- the solution in which the diamine component is dispersed or dissolved in the organic solvent is stirred, and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is used as it is or in an organic solvent.
- a method of adding by dispersing or dissolving in a solvent a method of adding a diamine component to a solution in which a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is dispersed or dissolved in an organic solvent, and a tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and a diamine component.
- the method of adding alternately etc. is mentioned, You may use any of these methods.
- the diamine component or tetracarboxylic dianhydride component when they are composed of a plurality of types of compounds, they may be reacted in a premixed state, may be individually reacted sequentially, or may be further reacted individually.
- the body may be mixed and reacted to form a high molecular weight body.
- the temperature at the time of reacting the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component can be selected arbitrarily, and is, for example, in the range of ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably ⁇ 5 ° C. to 100 ° C.
- the reaction can be carried out at any concentration.
- the total amount of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component is 1 to 50% by mass, preferably 5 to 30% by mass, based on the reaction solution.
- the ratio of the total number of moles of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component to the total number of moles of the diamine component can be selected according to the molecular weight of the polyamic acid to be obtained. Similar to the normal polycondensation reaction, the molecular weight of the polyamic acid produced increases as the molar ratio approaches 1.0. If it shows a preferable range, it is 0.8 to 1.2.
- the method for synthesizing the polyamic acid used in the present invention is not limited to the above-described method, and in the same manner as the general polyamic acid synthesis method, instead of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride, a tetracarboxylic acid having a corresponding structure is used.
- the corresponding polyamic acid can also be obtained by reacting by a known method using a tetracarboxylic acid derivative such as acid or tetracarboxylic acid dihalide.
- the polyamic acid ester that is a polyimide precursor can be synthesized by the following methods (1) to (3).
- the polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by esterifying a polyamic acid obtained from tetracarboxylic dianhydride and diamine.
- the polyamic acid and the esterifying agent are reacted in the presence of an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours.
- an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours.
- the esterifying agent is preferably one that can be easily removed by purification, and N, N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide diethyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide dipropyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide Dineopentyl butyl acetal, N, N-dimethylformamide di-t-butyl acetal, 1-methyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-ethyl-3-p-tolyltriazene, 1-propyl-3-p -Tolyltriazene, 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride and the like.
- the addition amount of the esterifying agent is preferably 2 to 6 molar equivalents per 1 mol of the polyamic acid repeating unit.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N, N-dimethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of polymer solubility. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Good.
- the concentration at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is unlikely to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride and diamine in the presence of a base and an organic solvent at ⁇ 20 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 1 to 4 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
- pyridine triethylamine, 4-dimethylaminopyridine and the like can be used, but pyridine is preferable because the reaction proceeds gently.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester dichloride from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the solvent used in the above reaction is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or ⁇ -butyrolactone in view of the solubility of the monomer and polymer, and these may be used alone or in combination.
- the polymer concentration at the time of synthesis is preferably 1 to 30% by mass, and more preferably 5 to 20% by mass from the viewpoint that polymer precipitation is difficult to occur and a high molecular weight product is easily obtained.
- the solvent used for the synthesis of the polyamic acid ester is preferably dehydrated as much as possible, and it is preferable to prevent mixing of outside air in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- polyamic acid ester can be synthesized by polycondensation of a tetracarboxylic acid diester and a diamine.
- tetracarboxylic acid diester and diamine in the presence of a condensing agent, a base, and an organic solvent at 0 ° C. to 150 ° C., preferably 0 ° C. to 100 ° C., for 30 minutes to 24 hours, preferably 3 to 15 hours. It can be synthesized by reacting.
- condensing agent examples include triphenyl phosphite, dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride, N, N′-carbonyldiimidazole, dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazide.
- Nylmethylmorpholinium O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium tetrafluoroborate, O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N , N ′, N′-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate, (2,3-dihydro-2-thioxo-3-benzoxazolyl) phosphonate diphenyl, and the like.
- the addition amount of the condensing agent is preferably 2 to 3 times the molar amount of the tetracarboxylic acid diester.
- tertiary amines such as pyridine and triethylamine can be used.
- the addition amount of the base is preferably 2 to 4 times mol with respect to the diamine component from the viewpoint of easy removal and high molecular weight.
- the reaction proceeds efficiently by adding Lewis acid as an additive.
- Lewis acid lithium halides such as lithium chloride and lithium bromide are preferable.
- the addition amount of the Lewis acid is preferably 0 to 1.0 times mol with respect to the diamine component.
- the synthesis method (1) or (2) is particularly preferable.
- the polymer solution can be precipitated by injecting the polyamic acid ester solution obtained as described above into a poor solvent while stirring well. Precipitation is performed several times, and after washing with a poor solvent, a purified polyamic acid ester powder can be obtained at room temperature or by heating and drying.
- a poor solvent is not specifically limited, Water, methanol, ethanol, hexane, butyl cellosolve, acetone, toluene etc. are mentioned.
- the imidation ratio from polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester to polyimide is not necessarily 100%.
- the temperature when polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester is thermally imidized in a solution is 100 ° C. to 400 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 250 ° C., and is performed while removing water generated by the imidization reaction from the outside of the system. Is preferred.
- a basic catalyst and an acid anhydride are added to a solution of polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester and stirred at ⁇ 20 to 250 ° C., preferably 0 to 180 ° C. Can be performed.
- the amount of the basic catalyst is 0.5 to 30 mol times, preferably 2 to 20 mol times of the amic acid group, and the amount of the acid anhydride is 1 to 50 mol times, preferably 3 to 30 mol of the amido acid group. Is double.
- the basic catalyst include pyridine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tributylamine, trioctylamine and the like.
- pyridine is preferable because it has an appropriate basicity for proceeding with the reaction.
- the acid anhydride include acetic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, pyromellitic anhydride, and the like.
- use of acetic anhydride is preferable because purification after completion of the reaction is facilitated.
- the imidization rate by catalytic imidation can be controlled by adjusting the amount of catalyst, reaction temperature, and reaction time.
- the reaction solution may be poured into a poor solvent and precipitated.
- the poor solvent used for precipitation include methanol, acetone, hexane, butyl cellosolve, heptane, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, ethanol, toluene, benzene, and water.
- the polymer precipitated in a poor solvent and collected by filtration can be dried by normal temperature or reduced pressure at room temperature or by heating.
- the polymer collected by precipitation is redissolved in an organic solvent and reprecipitation and collection is repeated 2 to 10 times, impurities in the polymer can be reduced.
- the poor solvent at this time include alcohols, ketones, hydrocarbons and the like, and it is preferable to use three or more kinds of poor solvents selected from these because purification efficiency is further improved.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of this invention should just have a specific polymeric compound, the polymer which forms the liquid crystal aligning film which can align a liquid crystal, and a solvent as mentioned above, and there is especially limitation in the mixture ratio.
- the content of the specific polymerizable compound is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 30 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer forming the liquid crystal alignment film capable of aligning the liquid crystal.
- the content of the polymer forming the liquid crystal alignment film that can align the liquid crystal contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass, more preferably 3% by mass to 15% by mass, and particularly preferably 3%. ⁇ 10% by mass.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain a polymer other than the polymer forming the liquid crystal alignment film capable of aligning the liquid crystal.
- the content of the other polymer in all the polymer components is preferably 0.5% by mass to 15% by mass, more preferably 1% by mass to 10% by mass.
- the molecular weight of the polymer of the liquid crystal aligning agent is determined based on GPC (Gel Permeation Chromatography) in consideration of the strength of the liquid crystal aligning film obtained by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent, workability at the time of forming the coating film, and uniformity of the coating film.
- the weight average molecular weight measured by the above method is preferably 5,000 to 1,000,000, and more preferably 10,000 to 150,000.
- the solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it can dissolve or disperse a specific polymerizable compound or a component such as a polymer that forms a liquid crystal alignment film capable of aligning liquid crystals.
- combination of said polyamic acid can be mentioned.
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, and 3-methoxy-N, N-dimethylpropanamide are from the viewpoint of solubility.
- two or more kinds of mixed solvents may be used.
- Solvents that improve the uniformity and smoothness of the coating include, for example, isopropyl alcohol, methoxymethylpentanol, methyl cellosolve, ethyl cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, methyl cellosolve acetate, butyl cellosolve acetate, ethyl cellosolve acetate, butyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol Thor, ethyl carbitol acetate, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monoacetate, ethylene glycol monoisopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol, propylene glycol monoacetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol-tert
- the liquid crystal aligning agent may contain components other than those described above. Examples thereof include compounds that improve the film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness when a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied, and compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal aligning film and the substrate.
- Examples of compounds that improve film thickness uniformity and surface smoothness include fluorine-based surfactants, silicone-based surfactants, and nonionic surfactants. More specifically, for example, F-top EF301, EF303, EF352 (manufactured by Tochem Products), MegaFuck F171, F173, R-30 (manufactured by Dainippon Ink), Florard FC430, FC431 (manufactured by Sumitomo 3M) Asahi Guard AG710, Surflon S-382, SC101, SC102, SC103, SC104, SC105, SC106 (manufactured by Asahi Glass Co., Ltd.).
- the ratio of use thereof is preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 2 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. 1 part by mass.
- compounds that improve the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate include functional silane-containing compounds and epoxy group-containing compounds.
- a phenol compound such as 2,2′-bis (4-hydroxy-3,5-dihydroxymethylphenyl) propane or tetra (methoxymethyl) bisphenol may be added.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- liquid crystal aligning agent is added with a dielectric or conductive material for changing the electrical properties such as the dielectric constant and conductivity of the liquid crystal aligning film, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. May be.
- a liquid crystal alignment film capable of aligning liquid crystals such as a liquid crystal alignment film for vertically aligning liquid crystals can be formed by applying and baking this liquid crystal aligning agent on a substrate. Since the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a specific polymerizable compound, the response speed of the liquid crystal display element using the obtained liquid crystal aligning film can be increased without containing the polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal. . Moreover, when forming a liquid crystal aligning film using a liquid crystal aligning agent, also when baking at high temperature, the response speed of the liquid crystal display element using the obtained liquid crystal aligning film can be made quick. Of course, the response speed of the liquid crystal display element can be increased even when the specific polymerizable compound is contained in the liquid crystal or when the liquid crystal is baked at a low temperature (for example, 140 ° C. or lower).
- the substrate to be used is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, and a glass substrate, a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate, a polycarbonate substrate, or the like can be used.
- a substrate on which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode or the like for driving a liquid crystal is formed from the viewpoint of simplifying the process.
- an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used as long as the substrate is only on one side, and in this case, a material that reflects light such as aluminum can be used.
- the method for applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a screen printing method, an offset printing method, a flexographic printing method, an inkjet method, a dip method, a roll coater, a slit coater, and a spinner.
- the firing temperature of the coating film formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent is not limited, and can be performed at any temperature of, for example, 100 to 350 ° C., preferably 120 ° C. to 300 ° C., more preferably 150 to 250 ° C.
- This baking can be performed with a hot plate, a hot-air circulating furnace, an infrared furnace, or the like.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by firing is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 100 nm.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention includes two substrates disposed to face each other, a liquid crystal layer provided between the substrates, and a liquid crystal aligning agent provided between the substrate and the liquid crystal layer.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is applied onto two substrates and baked to form a liquid crystal aligning film, and the two substrates are arranged so that the liquid crystal aligning films face each other.
- the substrate used in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a highly transparent substrate, but is usually a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal is formed.
- a substrate on which a transparent electrode for driving liquid crystal As a specific example, the thing similar to the board
- a substrate provided with a conventional electrode pattern or protrusion pattern may be used, but in the liquid crystal display element of the present invention, the liquid crystal alignment of the present invention containing a specific polymerizable compound as a liquid crystal aligning agent for forming a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the agent Since the agent is used, it can operate even in a structure in which a line / slit electrode pattern of 1 to 10 ⁇ m is formed on one side substrate and no slit pattern or projection pattern is formed on the opposite substrate.
- the element can simplify the manufacturing process and obtain a high transmittance.
- a high-performance element such as a TFT type element
- an element in which an element such as a transistor is formed between an electrode for driving a liquid crystal and a substrate is used.
- a substrate In the case of a transmissive liquid crystal display element, it is common to use a substrate as described above. However, in a reflective liquid crystal display element, if only one substrate is used, an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer may be used. Is possible. At that time, a material such as aluminum that reflects light may be used for the electrode formed on the substrate.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is formed by applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention on this substrate and baking it, and the details are as described above.
- the liquid crystal material constituting the liquid crystal layer of the liquid crystal display element of the present invention is not particularly limited, and a liquid crystal material used in a conventional vertical alignment method, for example, a negative type such as MLC-6608 or MLC-6609 manufactured by Merck Liquid crystal can be used.
- a known method can be exemplified. For example, a pair of substrates on which a liquid crystal alignment film is formed is prepared, and spacers such as beads are dispersed on the liquid crystal alignment film on one substrate so that the surface on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is on the inside. Then, the other substrate is bonded, and liquid crystal is injected under reduced pressure to seal.
- a liquid crystal cell can also be produced by a method in which the other substrate is bonded to the inside so as to be inside and sealed.
- the thickness of the spacer at this time is preferably 1 to 30 ⁇ m, more preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the step of producing a liquid crystal cell by irradiating ultraviolet rays while applying a voltage to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer includes, for example, applying an electric field between the electrodes installed on the substrate to apply an electric field to the liquid crystal alignment film and the liquid crystal layer. And applying ultraviolet rays while maintaining this electric field.
- the voltage applied between the electrodes is, for example, 5 to 30 Vp-p, preferably 5 to 20 Vp-p.
- the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays is, for example, 1 to 60 J, preferably 40 J or less, and the smaller the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays, the lowering of reliability caused by the destruction of the members constituting the liquid crystal display element can be suppressed, and the irradiation time of ultraviolet rays can be reduced. This is preferable because the manufacturing efficiency is improved.
- the wavelength of the irradiated ultraviolet light is, for example, 200 nm to 400 nm.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent containing the polymerizable compound represented by the formula [1] is used, even when the ultraviolet irradiation condition is a small irradiation amount, a longer wavelength (for example, 300 The response speed of the liquid crystal display element can be improved even in the case of ultraviolet irradiation of ( ⁇ 400 nm).
- the specific polymerizable compound reacts to form a polymer, and the direction in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted is memorized by this polymer.
- the response speed of the obtained liquid crystal display element can be increased.
- liquid crystal display element prepared by including the specific polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal alignment agent for forming the liquid crystal alignment film has been described.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention also includes the specific polymerizable compound in the liquid crystal. It may be produced.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent is not only useful as a liquid crystal aligning agent for producing a liquid crystal display device such as a vertical alignment method such as a PSA type liquid crystal display or an SC-PVA type liquid crystal display, but also a rubbing treatment or a photo-alignment treatment.
- the liquid crystal alignment film produced by the method can be suitably used.
- BODA bicyclo [3,3,0] octane-2,4,6,8-tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- CBDA 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride
- 3AMPDA represented by the following formula 3,5-diamino-N- (pyridin-3-ylmethyl) benzamide
- the molecular weight measurement conditions of polyimide are as follows. Apparatus: Room temperature gel permeation chromatography (GPC) apparatus (SSC-7200) manufactured by Senshu Scientific Co., Ltd. Column: Column made by Shodex (KD-803, KD-805) Column temperature: 50 ° C Eluent: N, N′-dimethylformamide (as additives, lithium bromide-hydrate (LiBr ⁇ H 2 O) is 30 mmol / L, phosphoric acid / anhydrous crystal (o-phosphoric acid) is 30 mmol / L, Tetrahydrofuran (THF) 10ml / L) Flow rate: 1.0 ml / min.
- GPC room temperature gel permeation chromatography
- Standard sample for preparing a calibration curve TSK standard polyethylene oxide (molecular weight of about 900,000, 150,000, 100,000, 30,000) manufactured by Tosoh Corporation, and polyethylene glycol (manufactured by Polymer Laboratories) Molecular weight about 12,000, 4,000, 1,000).
- the imidation ratio of polyimide was measured as follows. Add 20 mg of polyimide powder to an NMR sample tube (NMR sampling tube standard ⁇ 5 by Kusano Kagaku Co., Ltd.), add 1.0 ml of deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO-d 6 , 0.05% TMS mixture), and apply ultrasonic waves. To dissolve completely. This solution was measured for proton NMR at 500 MHz with an NMR measuring instrument (JNW-ECA500) manufactured by JEOL Datum.
- the imidation rate is determined based on protons derived from structures that do not change before and after imidation as reference protons, and the peak integrated value of these protons and proton peaks derived from NH groups of amic acid appearing in the vicinity of 9.5 to 10.0 ppm. It calculated
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference proton
- ⁇ is the proton of the NH group of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidation rate is 0%). This is the ratio of the number of reference protons to one.
- Imidization rate (%) (1 ⁇ ⁇ x / y) ⁇ 100
- the obtained filtrate was put into a 1 L three-necked flask, 600 mL of ethanol and 250.0 g of 10 wt% KOH aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was stirred while refluxing. After completion of the reaction, the reaction system was poured into 3 L of water, neutralized with 1N HCl aqueous solution, and the precipitate was filtered. The filtrate was dried to obtain 54.1 g of the target product RM1-1 (white solid) (yield 97%).
- the obtained filtrate was placed in a 1 L four-necked flask, 600 mL of ethanol and 250.0 g of 10 wt% KOH aqueous solution were added, and the mixture was stirred while heating under reflux. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into a dilute hydrochloric acid aqueous solution obtained by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid (510 mL) to 3 L of water, and the deposited precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain RM5-1 (24.1 g, yield 72%).
- RM5-1 (24.1 g, 67.2 mmol), methanesulfonyl chloride (20 g, 174.7 mmol), triethylamine (17.8 g, 174.7 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (300 mL) were charged into a 1 L four-necked flask at 0 ° C. The mixture was stirred while cooling. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into water (2.5 L), and the precipitated crystals were separated by filtration and dried to obtain RM5-2 (34.6 g, yield 99%).
- RM5-2 (34.6 g, 67.2 mmol), methyl trans-p-coumarate (22.1 g, 134.4 mmol), potassium carbonate (55.7 g, 403.2 mmol), and dimethylformamide (500 mL) was added and stirred at 100 ° C. After completion of the reaction, water was added to the reaction mixture and extracted with ethyl acetate. After distilling off the solvent, 600 mL of ethanol and 250.0 g of a 10 wt% KOH aqueous solution were added and stirred while refluxing.
- reaction solution was poured into a dilute hydrochloric acid solution obtained by adding concentrated hydrochloric acid (510 mL) to 3 L of water, and the deposited precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain RM5-3 (35.0 g, yield 80%).
- RM5-3 (35.0 g, 53.8 mmol), 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) (21.0 g, 161.4 mmol), 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethyl Carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) (30.9 g, 161.4 mmol), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP) (0.7 g, 5.4 mmol) and dimethylformamide (600 mL) were charged and stirred at room temperature. After completion of the reaction, the reaction solution was poured into water (2 L), and the precipitated crystals were separated by filtration.
- HEMA 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate
- EDC 1- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) -3-ethyl Carbodiimide hydrochloride
- DMAP 4-dimethylaminopyridine
- dimethylformamide 600 mL
- NMP (24.0 g) was added to the obtained polyimide powder (A) (6.0 g) and dissolved by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- NMP (30.0 g) and BCS (40.0 g) were added to this solution, and the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1) was obtained by stirring at room temperature for 5 hours.
- liquid crystal aligning agent (A2) 60 mg (10 mass% with respect to solid content) of polymeric compound RM1 obtained in Example 1 was added with respect to 10.0 g of said liquid crystal aligning agent (A1), and it melt
- Liquid crystal aligning agent (A2) 60 mg (10 mass% with respect to solid content) of polymeric compound RM1 obtained in Example 1 was added with respect to 10.0 g of said liquid crystal aligning agent (A1), and it melt
- Example 4 Similarly, 60 mg (10% by mass with respect to the solid content) of the polymerizable compound RM5 obtained in Example 2 was added to 10.0 g of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A1), and dissolved by stirring for 3 hours at room temperature. A liquid crystal aligning agent (A6) was prepared.
- Example 5 Using the liquid crystal aligning agent (A2) obtained in Example 3, a liquid crystal cell was prepared according to the procedure shown below.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent (A2) obtained in Example 3 was spin-coated on the ITO surface of an ITO electrode substrate on which an ITO electrode pattern having a pixel size of 100 ⁇ m ⁇ 300 ⁇ m and a line / space of 5 ⁇ m was formed, After drying for 90 seconds on this hot plate, baking was performed in a hot air circulation oven at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes to form a liquid crystal alignment film having a thickness of 100 nm.
- a sealant (XN-1500T manufactured by Kyoritsu Chemical Co., Ltd.) was printed thereon.
- the surface of the other substrate on which the liquid crystal alignment film was formed was faced inward and bonded to the previous substrate, and then the sealing agent was cured to produce an empty cell.
- a negative type liquid crystal (MLC-6608) was injected into this empty cell by a reduced pressure injection method, and a realignment treatment was performed at 120 ° C. for 1 hour to produce a liquid crystal cell.
- the response speed of the obtained liquid crystal cell was measured by the following method. Thereafter, with an AC voltage of 20 Vp-p applied to the liquid crystal cell, UV was passed through the bandpass filter of 313 nm from the outside of the liquid crystal cell for 500 mJ or 1000 mJ, respectively. Thereafter, the response speed was measured again, and the response speed before and after UV irradiation was compared. The results are shown in Table 2.
- a liquid crystal cell was arranged between a pair of polarizing plates in a measuring device configured in the order of a backlight, a set of polarizing plates in a crossed Nicol state, and a light amount detector.
- the ITO electrode pattern in which the line / space was formed was at an angle of 45 ° with respect to the crossed Nicols.
- a rectangular wave with a voltage of ⁇ 4 V and a frequency of 1 kHz is applied to the liquid crystal cell, and the change until the luminance observed by the light amount detector is saturated is captured by an oscilloscope, and the luminance when no voltage is applied is obtained.
- a voltage of 0% and ⁇ 4 V was applied, the saturated luminance value was set to 100%, and the time taken for the luminance to change from 10% to 90% was defined as the response speed.
- Example 6 The response speed before and after UV irradiation was compared by performing the same operation as in Example 5 except that the liquid crystal aligning agent (A6) was used instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A2).
- Example 4 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent (A3) instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A2), the same operation as in Example 5 was performed to compare the response speed before and after UV irradiation.
- Example 5 Comparative Example 5 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent (A4) instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A2), the same operation as in Example 5 was performed to compare the response speed before and after UV irradiation.
- Example 7 Instead of irradiating UV through a 313 nm band pass filter from the outside of the liquid crystal cell, the same operation as in Example 5 was performed except that 20 J of UV through a 365 nm band pass filter was irradiated from the outside of the liquid crystal cell. The response speed before and after UV irradiation was compared. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 8 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent (A6) instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A2), the same operation as in Example 7 was performed to compare the response speed before and after UV irradiation.
- Example 6 Comparative Example 6 Except for using the liquid crystal aligning agent (A5) instead of the liquid crystal aligning agent (A2), the same operation as in Example 7 was performed to compare the response speed before and after UV irradiation.
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Description
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
P、P´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[P-1]~[P-10]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基であり、この2価の光二量化を起こす基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。
S2、S2´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S2、S2´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
L、L´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[L-1]~[L-11]から選ばれる1価の光重合性基を表す。)
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
S2、S2´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S2、S2´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
Pは下記式[P-1]~[P-3]及び[P-5]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、特定重合性化合物、液晶を配向させ得る液晶配向膜を形成する重合体および溶媒を含有する。なお、液晶配向剤とは液晶配向膜を作成するための溶液であり、液晶配向膜とは液晶を所定の方向、例えば垂直方向に配向させるための膜である。以下、本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される各成分について詳細に説明する。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有される特定重合性化合物は、下記式[1]で表される。
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
P、P´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[P-1]~[P-10]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基を表す。この2価の光二量化を起こす基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。
L、L´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[L-1]~[L-11]から選ばれる1価の光重合性基を表す。)
本発明の式[1]で表される特定重合性化合物を合成する方法は特に限定されないが、次にあげる方法で合成する方法などが挙げられる。
例えば、L´-S2´-P´-S1´-C-S1-P-S2-Lの構造中に、アミド結合(-CONH-)又は逆アミド結合(-HNCO-)をもつ場合には、Cもしくは、S1、S1´、もしくは、P、P´、もしくは、S2、S2´、もしくは、L、L´の末端に酸クロリド基(-COCl)が結合しているものと、Cもしくは、S1、S1´、もしくは、P、P´、もしくは、S2、S2´、もしくは、L、L´の末端にアミノ基(-NH2)が結合しているものとを、アルカリ存在下で反応させる方法が挙げられる。
本発明の液晶配向剤が含有する液晶を配向させ得る液晶配向膜を形成する重合体は、基板上に形成された液晶配向膜上の液晶を配向させることができるものであれば特に限定されず、例えば、ポリイミド前駆体や該ポリイミド前駆体をイミド化させて得られるポリイミドが挙げられる。ポリイミド前駆体としては、ポリアミック酸(ポリアミド酸とも言う)もしくはポリアミック酸エステルが挙げられる。このようなポリイミド前駆体は、ジアミン成分(例えば、後述する液晶を垂直に配向させる側鎖を有するジアミンや、光反応性の側鎖を有するジアミン等のジアミン)とテトラカルボン酸二無水物成分(例えば、後述するテトラカルボン酸二無水物、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドやテトラカルボン酸ジエステル等)との反応によって得られる。具体的には、ポリアミック酸は、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸二無水物との反応によって得られる。ポリアミック酸エステルは、ジアミン成分とテトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドを塩基存在下で反応させる、またはテトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミン成分を適当な縮合剤、塩基の存在下にて反応させることによって得られる。また、ポリイミドはこのポリアミック酸を脱水閉環させる、あるいはポリアミック酸エステルを加熱閉環させることにより得られる。かかるポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステル及びポリイミドのいずれも液晶配向膜を得るための重合体として有用である。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸二無水物とジアミンから得られるポリアミック酸をエステル化することによって合成することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジクロリドとジアミンから合成することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンを重縮合することにより合成することができる。
本発明の液晶配向剤が含有する溶媒に特に限定はなく、特定重合性化合物や、液晶を配向させ得る液晶配向膜を形成する重合体等の含有成分を溶解または分散できるものであればよい。例えば、上記のポリアミック酸の合成で例示したような有機溶媒を挙げることができる。中でもN-メチル-2-ピロリドン、γ-ブチロラクトン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、3-メトキシ-N,N-ジメチルプロパンアミドは、溶解性の観点から好ましい。勿論、2種類以上の混合溶媒を用いてもよい。
BODA:ビシクロ[3,3,0]オクタン-2,4,6,8-テトラカルボン酸二無水物
CBDA:1,2,3,4-シクロブタンテトラカルボン酸二無水物
3AMPDA:下記式で表される3,5-ジアミノ-N-(ピリジン-3-イルメチル)ベンズアミド
BEM-S:下記式で表される2-(メタクリロイロキシ)エチル3,5-ジアミノベンゾエート
BCS:ブチルセロソルブ
THF:テトラヒドロフラン
DMF:N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
EtOH: エタノール
RM1:下記式で表される重合性化合物
重合性化合物の1HNMRの測定条件は、以下の通りである。
装置:フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)INOVA-400(Varian製)400MHz
溶媒:重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6)、重水素化クロロホルム(CDCl3)
標準物質:テトラメチルシラン(TMS)
装置:センシュー科学社製 常温ゲル浸透クロマトグラフィー(GPC)装置(SSC-7200)、
カラム:Shodex社製カラム(KD-803、KD-805)
カラム温度:50℃
溶離液:N,N’-ジメチルホルムアミド(添加剤として、臭化リチウム-水和物(LiBr・H2O)が30mmol/L、リン酸・無水結晶(o-リン酸)が30mmol/L、テトラヒドロフラン(THF)が10ml/L)
流速:1.0ml/分
検量線作成用標準サンプル:東ソー社製 TSK 標準ポリエチレンオキサイド(分子量約900,000、150,000、100,000、30,000)、および、ポリマーラボラトリー社製 ポリエチレングリコール(分子量 約12,000、4,000、1,000)。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
(実施例1)RM1の合成
1H NMR (400 MHz,[D6]-DMSO):δ7.66-7.69 (d,4H), 7.60-7.64 (d,2H),7.08-7.10 (d,4H), 6.96-6.98 (d,4H), 6.80-6.83 (s,4H), 6.49-6.53 (d,2H), 6.04 (s,2H),5.07 (s,2H), 4.36-4.40 (m,8H), 4.07-4.09 (m,4H), 3.98-4.00 (m,4H), 1.85-1.88 (m,14H), 1.57 (s,6H)
1H NMR (400 MHz,[D6]-DMSO):δ7.66-7.69 (d,4H)、7.64-7.62(d,4H)、7.48(d,2H)、7.11-7.08(d,4H)、6.96-6.94(d,4H)、6.48(d,2H)、6.11(s,2H)、5.55(s,2H)、4.36-4.40 (m,8H)、4.07-4.09 (m,4H), 3.98-4.00 (m,4H),1.96(s,6H)、1.85-1.88 (m,8H)
(実施例3)
BODA(8.01g、32.0mmol)、3AMPDA(5.81g、24.0mmol)、PCH(10.66g、28.0mmol)、BEM-S(7.40g、28mmol)をNMP(123.4g)中で混合し、80℃で5時間反応させたのち、CBDA(9.26g、47.2mmol)とNMP(41.1g)を加え、40℃で10時間反応させポリアミック酸溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸溶液(204g)にNMPを加え6質量%に希釈した後、イミド化触媒として無水酢酸(20.3g)、およびピリジン(62.8g)を加え、50℃で3時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(2700ml)に投入し、得られた沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、100℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミド粉末(A)を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は60%であり、数平均分子量は16000、重量平均分子量は39000であった。
同様に、液晶配向剤(A1)10.0gに対して実施例2で得られた重合性化合物RM5を60mg(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤(A6)を調製した。
同様に、液晶配向剤(A1)10.0gに対して重合性化合物RM2を60mg(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤(A3)を調製した。
同様に、液晶配向剤(A1)10.0gに対して重合性化合物RM3を60mg(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤(A4)を調製した。
同様に、液晶配向剤(A1)10.0gに対して重合性化合物RM4を60mg(固形分に対して10質量%)添加し、室温で3時間攪拌して溶解させ、液晶配向剤(A5)を調製した。
(実施例5)
実施例3で得られた液晶配向剤(A2)を用いて下記に示すような手順で液晶セルの作製を行った。実施例3で得られた液晶配向剤(A2)を、画素サイズが100μm×300μmでライン/スペースがそれぞれ5μmのITO電極パターンが形成されているITO電極基板のITO面にスピンコートし、80℃のホットプレートで90秒間乾燥した後、200℃の熱風循環式オーブンで30分間焼成を行い、膜厚100nmの液晶配向膜を形成した。
まず、バックライト、クロスニコルの状態にした一組の偏光版、光量検出器の順で構成される測定装置において、一組の偏光版の間に液晶セルを配置した。このときライン/スペースが形成されているITO電極のパターンがクロスニコルに対して45°の角度になるようにした。そして、上記の液晶セルに電圧±4V、周波数1kHzの矩形波を印加し、光量検出器によって観測される輝度が飽和するまでの変化をオシロスコープにて取り込み、電圧を印加していない時の輝度を0%、±4Vの電圧を印加し、飽和した輝度の値を100%として、輝度が10%から90%まで変化するのにかかる時間を応答速度とした。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A6)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A3)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A4)を用いた以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
液晶セルの外側から313nmのバンドパスフィルターを通したUVを照射するかわりに、液晶セルの外側から365nmのバンドパスフィルターを通したUVを20J照射した以外は実施例5と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。結果を表3に示す。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A6)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
液晶配向剤(A2)のかわりに液晶配向剤(A5)を用いた以外は実施例7と同様の操作を行って、UV照射前後での応答速度を比較した。
Claims (10)
- 下記式[1]で表される重合性化合物を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(式[1]中、Cは炭素数10から炭素数30で形成され、芳香環を含有する2価の炭素環含有基であり、この炭素環含有基の1つまたは複数の水素原子はフッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
P、P´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[P-1]~[P-10]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基であり、この2価の光二量化を起こす基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。
(式[P-1]~[P-10]中、*はS1、S1´もしくはS2、S2´との結合位置を表す。)
S2、S2´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S2、S2´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
L、L´は、それぞれ独立に、下記式[L-1]~[L-11]から選ばれる1価の光重合性基を表す。)
(式[L-1]~[L-11]中、*はS2、S2´との結合位置を表す。) - L、L´が、式[L-1]、[L-2]及び[L-7]から選ばれる1価の基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
- P、P´が、式[P-1]~[P-3]及び[P-5]から選ばれる2価の基であることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 液晶を垂直に配向させる液晶配向膜を形成する重合体と、溶媒とを有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られることを特徴とする液晶配向膜。
- 請求項6に記載の液晶配向膜を具備することを特徴とする液晶表示素子。
- 請求項1から請求項5のいずれか一項に記載する液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し焼成して得られた液晶配向膜に接触させて液晶層を設け、この液晶層に電圧を印加しながら紫外線を照射して液晶セルを作製することを特徴とする液晶表示素子の製造方法。
- 下記式[1]で表されることを特徴とする重合性化合物。
(式中Cは下記式[C-2]、[C-5]~[C-8]及び[C-10]から選ばれるから選ばれる2価の有機基を表す。
(式[C-2]、[C-5]~[C-8]及び[C-10]中、*はS1、S1´との結合位置を表す。)
S1、S1´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S1、S1´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
S2、S2´は、それぞれ独立に、単結合または、炭素数1から炭素数10で形成されるアルキレン基であり、このアルキレン基の1つまたは複数の水素原子は、フッ素原子もしくは有機基で置き換えられていてもよい。また、S2、S2´は、次に挙げるいずれかの基が互いに隣り合わない場合において、-CH2-がこれらの基に置き換えられていてもよい;-O-、-NHCO-、-CONH-、-COO-、-OCO-、-NH-、-CO-。
Pは下記式[P-1]~[P-3]及び[P-5]から選ばれる2価の光二量化を起こす基である。
(式[P-1]~[P-3]及び[P-5]中、*はS1、S1´もしくはS2、S2´との結合位置を表す。)
L、L´は下記式[L-1]、[L-2]及び[L-7]から選ばれる1価の有機基である。)
(式[L-1]、[L-2]及び[L-7]中、*はS2、S2´との結合位置を表す。)
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| WO2018008581A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置、及び、液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
| WO2018008583A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置、及び、液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
| KR20200142270A (ko) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 벤조일기 함유 (메트)아크릴레이트 단량체의 제조방법 |
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| CN104297981B (zh) * | 2014-10-31 | 2017-03-15 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | 一种显示装置及其工作方法 |
| JP7076939B2 (ja) * | 2016-07-19 | 2022-05-30 | 株式会社ジャパンディスプレイ | 光配向膜用ワニス及び液晶表示装置 |
| CN106397136B (zh) * | 2016-08-31 | 2019-01-04 | 浙江皇马科技股份有限公司 | 一种双酚a聚四氢呋喃醚的合成方法 |
| WO2023176259A1 (ja) * | 2022-03-18 | 2023-09-21 | 日産化学株式会社 | 絶縁膜形成用感光性樹脂組成物 |
| KR102628683B1 (ko) * | 2022-03-18 | 2024-01-25 | 닛산 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | 절연막 형성용 감광성 수지 조성물 |
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| WO2018008581A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置、及び、液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
| WO2018008583A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-04 | 2018-01-11 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置、及び、液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
| CN109416484A (zh) * | 2016-07-04 | 2019-03-01 | 夏普株式会社 | 液晶显示装置及液晶显示装置的制造方法 |
| CN109416484B (zh) * | 2016-07-04 | 2021-11-09 | 夏普株式会社 | 液晶显示装置及液晶显示装置的制造方法 |
| US11034669B2 (en) | 2018-11-30 | 2021-06-15 | Nuvation Bio Inc. | Pyrrole and pyrazole compounds and methods of use thereof |
| KR20200142270A (ko) * | 2019-06-12 | 2020-12-22 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 벤조일기 함유 (메트)아크릴레이트 단량체의 제조방법 |
| KR102694341B1 (ko) | 2019-06-12 | 2024-08-13 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 벤조일기 함유 (메트)아크릴레이트 단량체의 제조방법 |
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| JPWO2013100068A1 (ja) | 2015-05-11 |
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| JP2017083880A (ja) | 2017-05-18 |
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