WO2013183774A1 - 毛様体周縁部様構造体の製造方法 - Google Patents
毛様体周縁部様構造体の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing a ciliary body periphery-like structure.
- Non-Patent Document 1 It is known that the ciliary peripheral part (Ciliary Marginal Zone) of the living retina plays an important role in the structure formation and maintenance of retinal tissue (for example, see Non-Patent Document 1).
- Rdh10 gene Non-patent document 2
- Otx1 gene Non-patent document 1
- a method for producing such a ciliary marginal-like structure from pluripotent stem cells with high efficiency has not been known.
- the present invention 1.
- a cell aggregate containing retinal tissue wherein the cell aggregate in which the proportion of Chx10-positive cells in the retinal tissue is 20% or more, in a serum-free medium or serum medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist, RPE65 gene
- the obtained “cell aggregates in which cells expressing RPE65 gene do not appear” are serum-free without Wnt signal pathway agonists
- a method for producing a cell aggregate containing a ciliary marginal-like structure (hereinafter also referred to as the production method of the present invention), which comprises a step of culturing in a medium or a serum medium; 2.
- the period until the cell expressing the RPE65 gene appears is a period in which the proportion of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue is within the range of 50% to 1%, and the cell expressing the RPE65 gene is 2.
- the production method according to item 1 above, wherein the cell aggregate that has not appeared is a cell aggregate in which the proportion of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue is in the range of 50% to 1%; 3.
- the obtained “cell aggregate in which cells expressing RPE65 gene do not appear” is a serum-free medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist until the ratio of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue reaches 50% or more.
- the method according to item 2 above, wherein the method is cultured in a serum medium; 4).
- Use of a cell aggregate containing a ciliary marginal part-like structure produced by the production method according to any one of items 1 to 4 as a biomaterial for transplantation; Etc. are provided.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention it is possible to manufacture the ciliary body periphery-like structure with high efficiency.
- the ciliary marginal part-like structure functions as a Progress zone, and is close to the ciliary marginal part-like structure.
- a continuous neural retina having a layer structure can be formed with high frequency.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a GFP fluorescence image of a Rax gene-expressing cell in a frozen section of a cell aggregate before suspension culture in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a fluorescent immunostaining image using an anti-Chx10 antibody in a frozen section of a cell aggregate before suspension culture in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist. Comparing FIG. 1 (the figure showing the presence of the whole retinal tissue cell) and FIG. 2 (the figure showing the existence of the Chx10 positive cell), the Chx10 positive cell It can be confirmed that there are about 40% of.
- FIG. 1 the figure showing the presence of the whole retinal tissue cell
- FIG. 2 the figure showing the existence of the Chx10 positive cell
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a GFP fluorescence image of a Rax gene-expressing cell in a frozen section of a cell aggregate 3 days after suspension culture in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a fluorescent immunostaining image using an anti-Chx10 antibody in a frozen section of a cell aggregate 3 days after suspension culture in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist. Comparing FIG. 3 (figure showing the whole presence of retinal tissue cells) and FIG.
- FIG. 5 shows the Rax gene in a frozen section of cell aggregates cultured in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days and then suspended in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 39 days. It is a figure which shows the GFP fluorescence image of an expression cell.
- FIG. 6 shows anti-Rdh10 in a frozen section of a cell aggregate cultured in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days and then suspended in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 39 days. It is a figure which shows the fluorescence immuno-staining image using an antibody. Comparing FIG. 5 (figure showing the total presence of retinal tissue cells) and FIG. 6 (figure showing the presence of Rdh10 positive cells), Wnt signal pathway action after adding Wnt signal pathway agonist and culturing for 3 days When cultured in a serum medium containing no substance, it can be confirmed that Rdh10-positive cells are present.
- FIG. 5 figure showing the total presence of retinal tissue cells
- FIG. 6 figure showing the presence of Rdh10 positive cells
- FIG. 7 shows the Rax gene in a frozen section of a cell aggregate cultured in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days and then suspended in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 50 days. It is a figure which shows the GFP fluorescence image of an expression cell.
- FIG. 8 shows anti-Rdh10 in a frozen section of a cell aggregate cultured in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days and then suspended in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 50 days. It is a figure which shows the fluorescence immuno-staining image using an antibody.
- FIG. 9 shows anti-Otx1 in a frozen section of a cell aggregate cultured in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days and then suspended in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 50 days. It is a figure which shows the fluorescence immuno-staining image using an antibody. Comparing FIG. 7 (the figure showing the whole presence of retinal tissue cells), FIG. 8 (the figure showing the existence of Rdh10 positive cells) and FIG.
- FIG. 10 is a stained image of a frozen section of a region containing a ciliary marginal portion-like structure contained in a cell aggregate prepared as described below.
- the cell aggregates 18 days after the start of suspension culture were suspended in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days, then suspended in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 46 days, and then The cells were cultured for 1 day in the presence of BrdU, cultured for 13 days in the absence of BrdU, and then cultured in the presence of EdU (Invitrogen) for 1 day. Frozen sections of the obtained cell aggregates were prepared, and fluorescent immunostaining with anti-Ki67 antibody (left figure) or anti-BrdU antibody (right figure) or EdU color reaction (middle figure) was performed.
- FIG. 11 is a stained image of a frozen section of a region containing a ciliary marginal portion-like structure contained in a cell aggregate prepared as described below.
- the cell aggregates 18 days after the start of suspension culture were suspended in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days, then suspended in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 46 days, and then The cells were cultured in the presence of BrdU for 1 day, cultured in the absence of BrdU for 13 days, then cultured in the presence of EdU (Invitrogen) for 1 day, and further cultured in the absence of EdU for 13 days.
- EdU EdU
- FIG. 12 shows that cell aggregates 18 days after the start of suspension culture were suspended in serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days, and then suspended in serum medium not containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 75 days. It is the figure which analyzed the cultured cell aggregate (Cell * aggregate).
- FIG. 12A is an example of a cell aggregate under the above conditions, and a phase contrast image (A, left column, upper stage) of a cell aggregate not including a ciliary marginal portion-like structure (CMZ), a ciliary margin.
- CMZ ciliary marginal portion-like structure
- CMZ ⁇ cell aggregate
- CMZ + cell aggregate
- examples of the “stem cell” include cells that maintain the same differentiation ability even after cell division, and can regenerate the tissue when the tissue is damaged.
- the “stem cell” is an embryonic stem cell (ES cell) or tissue stem cell (also referred to as tissue stem cell, tissue-specific stem cell or somatic stem cell) or induced pluripotent stem cell (iPS cell: inducedipluripotent stem cell) But is not limited to them.
- ES cell embryonic stem cell
- tissue stem cell also referred to as tissue stem cell, tissue-specific stem cell or somatic stem cell
- iPS cell inducedipluripotent stem cell
- the “pluripotent stem cell” in the present invention can be cultivated in vitro and is derived from all cells constituting the living body excluding the placenta (three germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm)) Mention may be made of stem cells that have the ability (pluripotency) to differentiate into tissues. This includes embryonic stem cells (ES cells).
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- a “pluripotent stem cell” is obtained from a fertilized egg, a cloned embryo, a germ stem cell, or a stem cell in tissue.
- Pluripotent stem cells can be prepared by a method known per se. Examples of the production method include the methods described in Cell 131 (5) pp. 861-872 (2007), Cell 126 (4) pp. 663-676 (2006), and the like.
- embryonic stem cells examples include stem cells having self-replicating ability and pluripotency (that is, pluripotency “pluripotency”), and pluripotency derived from an early embryo Mention may be made of stem cells.
- Embryonic stem cells were first established in 1981, and have been applied since 1989 to the production of knockout mice. In 1998, human embryonic stem cells were established and are being used in regenerative medicine.
- artificial pluripotent stem cell for example, differentiated cells such as fibroblasts are directly initialized by the expression of several genes such as Oct3 / 4, Sox2, Klf4, Myc, etc. to induce pluripotency Can be mentioned.
- artificial pluripotent stem cells were established in mouse cells by Yamanaka et al. (Takahashi K, Yamanaka S.Cell. 2006, 126 (4), p663-676).
- Artificial pluripotent stem cells were established in human fibroblasts in 2007 and have the same multipotency as embryonic stem cells (Takahashi K, Tanabe K, Ohnuki M, Narita M, Ichisaka T, Tomoda K, Yamanaka S .
- Pluripotent stem cells can be obtained from a predetermined institution, and commercially available products can also be purchased.
- human embryonic stem cells KhES-1, KhES-2, and KhES-3 are available from the Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Kyoto University.
- EB5 cells which are mouse embryonic stem cells, can be obtained from RIKEN, and the D3 strain can be obtained from ATCC.
- Pluripotent stem cells can be maintained and cultured by a method known per se.
- human stem cells can be maintained by culturing using Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR).
- KSR Knockout Serum Replacement
- mouse stem cells can be maintained by adding fetal calf serum (FCS) and LIF and culturing under feeder-free conditions.
- FCS fetal calf serum
- retinal tissue for example, a photoreceptor cell, a horizontal cell, a bipolar cell, an amacrine cell, a retinal node cell, a progenitor cell thereof or a retinal progenitor cell cell constituting each retinal layer in a living retina
- examples include at least a plurality of types of retinal tissues that are layered and three-dimensionally arranged. Whether each cell is a cell constituting which retinal layer can be confirmed by a known method, for example, the presence or absence of expression of a cell marker or the degree thereof.
- Rax progenitor cells of retinal
- PAX6 progenitor cells
- Chx10 neural retinal progenitor cells
- nestin expressed in progenitor cells of hypothalamic neurons but not in retinal progenitor cells
- Sox1 Expressed in the hypothalamic neuroepithelium, not in the retina
- Crx progenitor cell of photoreceptor
- Chx10 neural retinal progenitor cells or bipolar cells
- L7 bipolar cells
- Tuj1 node cells
- Brn3 n node cells
- Calretinin amacrine cells
- Calbindin horizontal cells
- Rhodopsin photocell
- Recoverin photocell
- RPE65 pigment epithelial cell
- MitfM pigment epithelial cell
- Nrl rod cell
- Rxr-gamma cone cell
- the “retinal layer” in the present invention means each layer constituting the retina. Specifically, the retinal pigment epithelium layer, photoreceptor layer, outer boundary membrane, outer granular layer, outer reticulated layer, inner granular layer, inner granular layer, Mention may be made of the reticular layer, the ganglion cell layer, the nerve fiber layer and the inner limiting membrane.
- Ciliary marginal zone (CMZ) in the present invention is, for example, a tissue existing in a boundary region between a retinal tissue (specifically, a neural retina) and a retinal pigment epithelium in a living retina. And a region containing retinal tissue stem cells (retinal stem cells).
- Examples of the marker gene for the ciliary margin include the Rdh10 gene (positive) and the Otx1 gene (positive). It is known that the peripheral part of the ciliary body plays an important role in supplying retinal progenitor cells and differentiated cells to the retinal tissue, maintaining the retinal tissue structure, and the like.
- the “Progress zone” in the present invention is, for example, an aggregate of undifferentiated cells that are localized in a part of the tissue, and continuously proliferates in the process of development and regeneration to grow the entire tissue. And an aggregate of cells having the property of contributing to the growth of surrounding tissues by secreting growth factors and the like.
- a specific example of Progress zone is an aggregate of undifferentiated cells at the tip of Limb bud.
- Examples of the “aggregate” in the present invention include a mass formed by aggregation of cells dispersed in the medium.
- the “aggregate” in the present invention includes cells dispersed at the start of suspension culture. And the aggregates already formed at the start of suspension culture are included.
- “Aggregate formation” means qualitatively uniform cells by rapidly aggregating a certain number of dispersed stem cells when cells are aggregated to form cell aggregates and suspended in culture.
- the formation of an aggregate of Experimental operations for forming aggregates include, for example, a method of confining cells in a small space using a plate with a small well (96-well plate) or a micropore, or a short centrifugation using a small centrifuge tube. Examples thereof include a method of aggregating cells.
- the “medium” used in the present invention may be prepared using a medium used for culturing animal cells as a basal medium.
- a basal medium for example, BME medium, BGJb medium, CMRL 1066 medium, Glasgow ⁇ ⁇ MEM medium, Improved MEM Zinc Option medium, IMDM medium, Medium 199 medium, Eagle MEM medium, ⁇ MEM medium, DMEM medium, Ham medium, RPMI 1640 medium , Fischer's medium, or a mixed medium thereof, which can be used for culturing animal cells.
- serum-free medium examples include a medium that does not contain unadjusted or unpurified serum.
- a medium containing purified blood-derived components or animal tissue-derived components is also included in the serum-free medium as long as it contains no unadjusted or unpurified serum.
- a serum-free medium for example, a serum-free medium (GMEM or DMEM, 0.1 mM 2-mercapto) supplemented with an appropriate amount (for example, 1-20%) of commercially available KSR is used.
- Preferred examples include ethanol, 0.1 mM non-essential amino acid Mix, 1 mM sodium pyruvate).
- the serum-free medium may contain a serum substitute.
- serum substitutes include albumin, transferrin, fatty acid, collagen precursor, trace elements, 2-mercaptoethanol or 3 'thiolglycerol, or equivalents thereof, as appropriate.
- a serum substitute may be prepared, for example, by the method described in WO98 / 30679 and the like.
- a commercially available product may be used as a serum substitute. Examples of such commercially available serum substitutes include chemically-defined Lipid concentrated (Gibco) and Glutamax (Gibco).
- the “serum-free medium” used in suspension culture includes, for example, fatty acids, lipids, amino acids (eg, non-essential amino acids), vitamins, growth factors, cytokines, antioxidants, 2-mercaptoethanol, pyruvic acid, and buffering agents.
- fatty acids for example, fatty acids, lipids, amino acids (eg, non-essential amino acids), vitamins, growth factors, cytokines, antioxidants, 2-mercaptoethanol, pyruvic acid, and buffering agents.
- amino acids eg, non-essential amino acids
- the “serum medium” in the present invention include a medium containing unadjusted or unpurified serum.
- the medium may contain fatty acids, lipids, amino acids (eg, non-essential amino acids), vitamins, growth factors, cytokines, antioxidants, 2-mercaptoethanol, pyruvic acid, buffers, inorganic salts, and the like.
- a culture performed in a medium in a non-adherent condition with respect to a cell culture vessel in a medium can be mentioned.
- the incubator used in the suspension culture is not particularly limited as long as the suspension culture of cells is possible.
- Examples of such incubators include flasks, tissue culture flasks, dishes, petri dishes, tissue culture dishes, multi dishes, micro plates, micro well plates, micro pores, multi plates, multi well plates, chamber slides, Petri dishes, tubes, trays, culture bags, roller bottles and the like can be mentioned.
- a cell non-adhesive incubator can be mentioned.
- the non-cell-adhesive incubator should use an incubator whose surface has not been artificially treated (for example, coated with an extracellular matrix or the like) for the purpose of improving adhesion to cells. Is good.
- serum for example, bovine serum, calf serum, fetal calf serum, horse serum, foal serum, horse fetal serum, rabbit serum.
- mammals such as pup rabbit serum, rabbit fetal serum, and human serum.
- the production method of the present invention is a cell aggregate containing retinal tissue, and a cell aggregate in which the presence ratio of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue is 20% or more, a serum-free medium or serum medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist
- the obtained “cell aggregates in which cells expressing the RPE65 gene do not appear” are expressed in the Wnt signaling pathway. It includes a step of culturing in a serum-free medium or serum medium not containing a substance.
- the “cell aggregates containing the ciliary marginal part-like structure” produced by the production method of the present invention are intended for use in evaluation of toxicity and drug efficacy of chemical substances, cell therapy, etc. Useful as a material for testing and treatment.
- the “cell aggregate containing retinal tissue” used as a starting material in the production method of the present invention is a cell aggregate in which the proportion of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue is 20% or more.
- the “abundance ratio of Chx10 positive cells” is preferably 40% or more, more preferably 60% or more, and particularly preferably 80% or more.
- the “cell aggregate containing retinal tissue” used as a starting material in the production method of the present invention can be prepared from, for example, pluripotent stem cells (preferably human pluripotent stem cells). Specifically, for example, it can be prepared by a method including the following steps (1) to (3).
- First step of forming pluripotent stem cell aggregates by suspension culture in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway inhibitory substance (2) Coagulation formed in the first step A second step of suspension culture of the aggregate in a serum-free medium containing a basement membrane preparation; and (3) a third step of suspension culture of the aggregate cultured in the second step in a serum medium.
- the Wnt signal pathway inhibitor used in the first step is not particularly limited as long as it can suppress signal transduction mediated by Wnt.
- Wnt signal pathway inhibitors include Dkk1, Cerberus protein, Wnt receptor inhibitor, soluble Wnt receptor, Wnt antibody, casein kinase inhibitor, dominant negative Wnt protein, CKI-7 (N- (2- Aminoethyl) -5-chloro-isoquinoline-8-sulfonamide), D4476 (4- ⁇ 4- (2,3-dihydrobenzo [1,4] dioxin-6-yl) -5-pyridin-2-yl- 1H-imidazol-2-yl ⁇ benzamide), IWR-1-endo (IWR1e), IWP-2 and the like.
- the concentration of the Wnt signal pathway inhibitor may be any concentration at which aggregates of pluripotent stem cells are formed.
- a normal Wnt signal pathway inhibitor such as IWR1e
- it is added at a concentration of about 0.1 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M, preferably about 1 ⁇ M to 10 ⁇ M, more preferably around 3 ⁇ M.
- the Wnt signal pathway inhibitor may be added to the serum-free medium before the start of suspension culture, or may be added to the serum-free medium within a few days (for example, within 5 days) after the start of suspension culture.
- the Wnt signal pathway inhibitor is added to the serum-free medium within 5 days after the start of suspension culture, more preferably within 3 days, and most preferably simultaneously with the start of suspension culture.
- the suspension culture is performed until 18 days, more preferably 12 days after the start of suspension culture, with the addition of a Wnt signal pathway inhibitor.
- Culture conditions such as culture temperature and CO 2 concentration in the first step can be set as appropriate.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 30 to 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration is, for example, about 1 to 10%, preferably about 5%.
- the concentration of pluripotent stem cells in the first step can be appropriately set by those skilled in the art so that aggregates of pluripotent stem cells can be formed more uniformly and efficiently.
- the concentration of pluripotent stem cells at the time of aggregate formation is not particularly limited as long as it is a concentration capable of forming a uniform aggregate of stem cells.
- the suspension culture time required to form the aggregate can be determined as appropriate depending on the pluripotent stem cell used as long as the cells can be rapidly aggregated, but can be formed to form a uniform aggregate. It is desirable to be as short as possible. For example, in the case of human ES cells, it is desirable to form aggregates preferably within 24 hours, more preferably within 12 hours. A person skilled in the art can appropriately adjust the time until the formation of the aggregates by adjusting a tool for aggregating cells, centrifugation conditions, and the like.
- the formation of aggregates of pluripotent stem cells is due to the size and number of the aggregates, the macroscopic morphology, the microscopic morphology and its homogeneity by tissue staining analysis, the expression and the homogeneity of differentiation and undifferentiation markers Those skilled in the art can judge based on the expression control and differentiation of differentiation markers, the reproducibility between aggregates of differentiation efficiency, and the like.
- the basement membrane preparation used in the second step includes epithelial cell-like cell morphology, differentiation, proliferation, movement, functional expression, etc. when seeding and culturing desired cells having basement membrane forming ability on it It includes a basement membrane component that has a function of controlling the function.
- the “basement membrane component” refers to a thin membrane-like extracellular matrix molecule that exists between an epithelial cell layer and a stromal cell layer in an animal tissue.
- Basement membrane preparation is prepared by removing cells with basement membrane-forming ability that adhere to the support through the basement membrane using a solution or alkaline solution that has lipid-dissolving ability of the cells. can do.
- Preferred basement membrane preparations include products that are commercially available as basement membrane components (eg, Matrigel (hereinafter sometimes referred to as Matrigel)), and known extracellular matrix molecules (eg, laminin, type IV collagen, Heparan sulfate proteoglycan, entactin and the like).
- Matrigel Matrigel
- extracellular matrix molecules eg, laminin, type IV collagen, Heparan sulfate proteoglycan, entactin and the like.
- Matrigel is a basement membrane preparation derived from Engelbreth Holm Swarn) (EHS) mouse sarcoma.
- the main components of Matrigel are type IV collagen, laminin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan and entactin.
- TGF- ⁇ , fibroblast growth factor (FGF), tissue plasminogen activator, and EHS tumor are naturally produced Growth factors are included.
- Matrigel's “growth factor reduced” (GFR) product has a lower growth factor concentration than normal Matrigel. In the present invention, the use of GFR products is preferred.
- the concentration of the basement membrane preparation added to the serum-free medium in the suspension culture in the second step is not particularly limited as long as the epithelial structure of nerve tissue (for example, retinal tissue) is stably maintained.
- nerve tissue for example, retinal tissue
- Martigel preferably a volume of 1/20 to 1/200, more preferably about 1/100 of the culture medium.
- the basement membrane preparation may already be added to the medium at the start of stem cell culture, but is preferably added to the serum-free medium within 5 days after the start of suspension culture, more preferably within 2 days after the start of suspension culture. .
- the serum-free medium used in the second step can be the same as the serum-free medium used in the first step, or can be replaced with a new serum-free medium.
- a “basement membrane preparation” may be added to the medium.
- Culture conditions such as culture temperature and CO 2 concentration in the second step can be set as appropriate.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 30 to 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration is, for example, about 1 to 10%, preferably about 5%.
- the serum medium used in the third step may be a serum medium directly added to the serum-free medium used in the second step, or a new serum medium.
- Serum is added after 7 days from the start of suspension culture, more preferably after 9 days, and most preferably after 12 days.
- the serum concentration is about 1 to 30%, preferably about 3 to 20%, more preferably around 10%.
- the production efficiency of retinal tissue can be increased by adding an Shh signal pathway agent in addition to serum.
- the Shh signal pathway agonist is not particularly limited as long as it can enhance signal transduction mediated by Shh.
- substances that act on the Shh signal pathway include proteins belonging to the Hedgehog family (for example, Shh), Shh receptors, Shh receptor agonists, Purmorphamine, and SAG.
- the concentration of the Shh signal pathway agonist used in this step is about 0.1 nM to 10 ⁇ M, preferably about 10 nM to 1 ⁇ M, more preferably around 100 nM in the case of a normal Shh signal pathway agonist such as SAG. Added.
- the retinal tissue thus produced exists so as to cover the surface of the aggregate.
- the production of retinal tissue can be confirmed by immunostaining or the like.
- the aggregate cultured in the third step is suspended in a serum medium.
- the incubator used in the suspension culture include those described above.
- Other culture conditions such as culture temperature, CO 2 concentration, and O 2 concentration in suspension culture can be set as appropriate.
- the culture temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, about 30 to 40 ° C., preferably about 37 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration is, for example, about 1 to 10%, preferably about 5%.
- the O 2 concentration is, for example, 20 to 70%, preferably 20 to 60%, more preferably 30 to 50%.
- the culture time is not particularly limited, but is usually 48 hours or longer, preferably 7 days or longer.
- the aggregate is fixed using a fixative such as a paraformaldehyde solution, and a frozen section is prepared.
- the obtained frozen section may be immunostained to confirm that the layer structure of retinal tissue is formed. Since retinal progenitor cells (visual cells, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, retinal node cells) that make up each layer are different, retinal tissue is immunized using antibodies against the above-mentioned markers expressed in these cells. By dyeing, it can be confirmed that a layer structure is formed.
- the “existence ratio of Chx10 positive cells” in the retinal tissue contained in the cell aggregate produced as described above can be examined, for example, by the following method.
- the retinal tissue region expressing the Rax gene is identified by observing with a fluorescence microscope or the like.
- the nucleus is stained using a nuclear staining reagent such as Dapi. Then, the number of cells in the retinal tissue region is measured by measuring the number of stained nuclei in the retinal tissue region expressing the Rax gene specified above.
- Chx10 protein immunostaining is performed using the same or adjacent section as the frozen section in which the retinal tissue region expressing the Rax gene is specified. The number of nuclei in Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue region identified above is counted.
- the number of nuclei in Chx10 positive cells is determined based on the number of nuclei in Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue region specified above. Divide by the number to calculate the “existence ratio of Chx10 positive cells”.
- a cell aggregate containing a retinal tissue containing a retinal tissue, and a cell aggregate in which the presence ratio of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue is 20% or more, a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist
- the cells are cultured in the serum medium only during the period until cells expressing the RPE65 gene appear.
- preferable culture include suspension culture.
- a serum-free culture medium can be mentioned, for example.
- Culture temperature culture conditions such as CO 2 concentration may be appropriately set.
- the culture temperature include a range of about 30 ° C. to about 40 ° C.
- the CO 2 concentration include a range of about 1% to about 10%.
- Preferably, for example, about 5% can be mentioned.
- the Wnt signal pathway agonist contained in the medium can enhance signal transduction mediated by Wnt.
- agents acting on the Wnt signaling pathway include proteins belonging to the Wnt family, Wnt receptors, Wnt receptor agonists, GSK3 ⁇ inhibitors (eg, 6-Bromoindirubin-3'-oxime (BIO), CHIR99021, Kenpaullone). Etc.
- the concentration of the Wnt signal pathway agonist contained in the serum-free medium or serum medium can be, for example, in the range of about 0.1 ⁇ M to 100 ⁇ M in the case of a normal Wnt signal pathway agonist such as CHIR99021. .
- a range of about 1 ⁇ M to 30 ⁇ M can be mentioned. More preferably, for example, a concentration of around 3 ⁇ M can be mentioned.
- “culturing only during the period until cells expressing the RPE65 gene appear” refers to all or part of the period until cells expressing the RPE65 gene appear. It means to cultivate as long as possible.
- the “cell aggregates containing retinal tissue” present in the culture system is cultured only for the whole period or a part thereof (arbitrary period) composed of cells that do not substantially express the RPE65 gene. What is necessary is just to employ
- the above-mentioned “cell aggregate containing retinal tissue” is used as a sample, and whether or not the RPE65 gene contained in the sample is expressed or its degree is determined using a normal genetic engineering technique. To measure. Specifically, for example, as described in Examples below, the presence or absence of RPE65 gene expression using a method of immunostaining a frozen section of the “cell aggregate containing retinal tissue” using an antibody against RPE65 protein Or the degree can be examined.
- Preferred examples of the “period until the appearance of RPE65 gene-expressing cells” include a period in which the proportion of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue is in the range of 50% to 1%.
- the obtained “cell aggregate in which cells expressing the RPE65 gene have not appeared” is a cell aggregate in which the proportion of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue is in the range of 50% to 1%.
- the number of days of “period until the appearance of cells expressing RPE65 gene” varies depending on the type of Wnt signal pathway agonist, the type of serum-free medium or serum medium, other culture conditions, etc. You can list within days.
- the period is preferably, for example, within 4 days, and more preferably, for example, 2 to 3 days.
- cell aggregates in which cells expressing RPE65 gene do not appear obtained by culturing as described above are cultured in a serum-free medium or serum medium that does not contain a Wnt signal pathway agent.
- preferable culture include suspension culture.
- a preferable culture time includes, for example, a culture time for which the presence ratio of Chx10 positive cells in the retinal tissue reaches 50% or more.
- Culture temperature culture conditions such as CO 2 concentration may be appropriately set.
- the culture temperature include a range of about 30 ° C. to about 40 ° C.
- Preferably, for example, about 37 ° C. can be mentioned.
- examples of the CO 2 concentration include a range of about 1% to about 10%, and preferably about 5%, for example.
- the above culture days until “cell aggregates containing ciliary body periphery-like structures” are obtained vary depending on the type of serum-free medium or serum medium, other culture conditions, etc., for example, within 100 days Can be mentioned.
- the culture days are preferably 20 days to 70 days, and more preferably 30 days to 60 days, for example.
- the retinal pigment epithelium and the retinal tissue are adjacent to each other in the same cell aggregate.
- the structure can be easily confirmed by microscopic observation or the like.
- a retinal tissue (specifically, a neural retina) is physically cut out from the “cell aggregate including a ciliary marginal portion-like structure” using tweezers or the like to obtain a highly pure retinal tissue (specifically It is possible to prepare a neural retina).
- High-purity retinal tissue (specifically, neural retina) can be further cultured while maintaining the tissue structure of the retinal tissue (specifically, for example, long-term culture for 60 days or more). It is. Examples of culture conditions such as culture temperature, CO 2 concentration, and O 2 concentration include those used in normal tissue culture. At this time, the culture may be performed in the presence of serum, known growth factors, additives that promote growth, chemical substances, and the like. Examples of known growth factors include EGF and FGF. Examples of additives that promote growth include N2 supplement (Invitrogen), B27 supplement (Invitrogen), and the like.
- the present invention relates to the use of a cell aggregate containing a ciliary marginal portion-like structure produced by the production method of the present invention as a reagent for evaluating toxicity and medicinal effects, and the ciliary periphery produced by the production method of the present invention.
- the use of a cell aggregate containing a part-like structure as a biomaterial for transplantation is also included.
- the cell aggregate containing the ciliary marginal part-like structure produced by the production method of the present invention can be used as a screening for therapeutic drugs for diseases based on retinal cell disorders, a disease research material, and a drug discovery material. It can also be used for toxicity studies such as phototoxicity and neurotoxicity, toxicity tests, etc. in the evaluation of toxicity and drug efficacy of chemical substances.
- the cell aggregate containing the ciliary marginal part-like structure produced by the production method of the present invention is used for replenishing the damaged tissue itself (for example, used for transplantation surgery) in a cell damage state. It can be used as a biomaterial.
- Example 1 (Example of production of cell aggregate containing retinal tissue using human ES cells, part 1)
- RAX GFP knock-in human ES cells (derived from KhES-1; Nakano, T. et al. Cell Stem Cell 2012, 10 (6), 771-785) were designated as “Ueno, M. et al. PNAS 2006, 103 (25 ), 9554-9559 ”and cultured according to the method described in“ Watanabe, K. et al. Nat Biotech 2007, 25, 681-686 ”.
- the medium used was a DMEM / F12 medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 20% KSR (Knockout Serum Replacement; Invitrogen), 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM pyruvic acid, 5-10 ng / ml bFGF.
- the ES cells thus cultured were monodispersed using 0.25% trypsin-EDTA (Invitrogen), and then the monodispersed ES cells were non-cell-adhesive 96-well culture plate (Sumilon spheroid plate, Sumitomo Bakelite Co., Ltd.) was suspended in 100 ⁇ l of serum-free medium at 9 ⁇ 10 3 cells per well, and cultured in suspension at 37 ° C.
- the serum-free medium used at that time was a serum-free medium in which 20% KSR, 0.1 mM 2-mercaptoethanol, 1 mM pyruvic acid, 20 ⁇ M Y27632, a Wnt signal pathway inhibitor (3 ⁇ M IWR1e) was added to G-MEM medium. there were. From the second day of suspension culture, 1/100 volume of GFR Matrigel (Invitrogen) was added per volume, and suspension culture was performed. On the 12th day from the start of suspension culture, 1/10 amount of fetal bovine serum and Shh signal pathway agonist (100 nM SAG) per volume were added, and suspension culture was performed for a total of 18 days.
- the cell aggregates thus produced were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and frozen sections were prepared.
- the prepared frozen section was observed with a fluorescence microscope (FIG. 1) of a GFP fluorescence image and Chx10 immunostaining (FIG. 2), which is one of the markers of neural retinal progenitor cells.
- FOG. 1 fluorescence microscope
- FIG. 2 Chx10 immunostaining
- Example 2 (Example 2 of production of cell aggregate containing retinal tissue using human ES cells) When suspension culture was performed for a longer time using the same method as in Example 1, cell aggregates containing retinal tissue in which about 80% or 90% of Chx10 positive cells were present on the 25th day from the start of suspension culture. was also obtained.
- Example 3 (Culture of cell aggregates containing retinal tissue in serum-free medium containing Wnt signal pathway agonist)
- Cell aggregates containing retinal tissue 18 days after the start of suspension culture produced by the method described in Example 1 were suspended in culture for 3 days in a serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist (3 ⁇ M CHIR99021).
- the obtained cell aggregate was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and a frozen section was prepared.
- the prepared frozen section was subjected to fluorescence microscope observation of a GFP fluorescence image (FIG. 3) and immunostaining of Chx10, which is one of the markers of neural retinal progenitor cells (FIG. 4).
- the retinal tissue contained in the cell aggregates suspended in serum-free medium containing Wnt signaling pathway agonist for 3 days contains only about 3% of Chx10 positive cells, and the proportion of Chx10 positive cells is clearly reduced. It was confirmed that this was done (see FIG. 4). At this time, cells expressing the RPE65 gene did not appear in the cell aggregate.
- Example 4 (Floating culture of “cell aggregate in which cells expressing RPE65 gene do not appear” in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist 1) Cell aggregates (of Chx10 positive cells) on the 21st day after the start of suspension culture produced by the method described in Example 1 and Example 3 (the total number of days “18 days” and “3 days” above) In a serum medium (DMEM / F12, 10% fetal bovine serum, N2 supplement, 0.5 ⁇ M retinoic acid, etc.) without Wnt signal pathway agonists under 40% O 2 conditions The suspension culture was further continued for 39 days. The obtained cell aggregate was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and a frozen section was prepared.
- DMEM / F12 10% fetal bovine serum, N2 supplement, 0.5 ⁇ M retinoic acid, etc.
- the prepared frozen section was observed with a fluorescence microscope for a GFP fluorescence image (FIG. 5) and immunostaining for Rdh10 (FIG. 6), which is one of the markers at the periphery of the ciliary body.
- a fluorescence microscope for a GFP fluorescence image FIG. 5
- immunostaining for Rdh10 FIG. 6
- the cell aggregate after 39 days of suspension culture in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist, it exists in the boundary region between the retinal tissue (specifically, the neural retina) and the retinal pigment epithelium.
- Rdh10 positive cells that is, cells expressing the Rdh10 gene, which is a marker gene of the ciliary marginal region-like structure
- Rdh10 gene which is a marker gene of the ciliary marginal region-like structure
- Example 5 (Floating culture of “cell aggregates in which cells expressing RPE65 gene do not appear” in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist 2) Cell aggregates (of Chx10 positive cells) on the 21st day after the start of suspension culture produced by the method described in Example 1 and Example 3 (the total number of days “18 days” and “3 days” above) In the same manner as in Example 4, a serum medium (DMEM / F12, 10% fetal bovine serum, N2 supplement, 0.5 ⁇ M retinoic acid, etc.) containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist is used. Suspension culture was further performed under 40% O 2 for 50 days. The obtained cell aggregate was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, and a frozen section was prepared.
- DMEM / F12 10% fetal bovine serum, N2 supplement, 0.5 ⁇ M retinoic acid, etc.
- the prepared frozen section was observed with a fluorescence microscope for a GFP fluorescence image (FIG. 7), and immunostaining of Rdh10 (FIG. 8) or Otx1 (FIG. 9), which is a marker at the periphery of the ciliary body.
- Rdh10 that is, cells expressing the Rdh10 gene, which is a marker gene of the ciliary marginal region-like structure
- FIG. 7 The prepared frozen section was observed with a fluorescence microscope for a GFP fluorescence image
- Otx1 FIG. 9
- Otx1 Positive cells that is, cells expressing the Otx1 gene, which is a marker gene of the ciliary marginal-like structure
- Otx1 Positive cells that is, cells expressing the Otx1 gene, which is a marker gene of the ciliary marginal-like structure
- Example 6 Analysis of proliferation ability of cell aggregate containing ciliary body periphery-like structure part 1
- Cell aggregates produced by the method described in Example 1 on the 18th day after the start of suspension culture were suspended in serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days, and then Example 4 and Example 5 Similarly, suspension culture was carried out in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 46 days. Thereafter, in order to label the proliferating cells, the cells were cultured in the presence of BrdU for 1 day, then cultured in the absence of BrdU for 13 days, and then cultured in the presence of EdU (Invitrogen) for 1 day.
- EdU EdU
- the obtained cell aggregate was fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde to prepare a frozen section, and the prepared frozen section was subjected to fluorescence using an anti-Ki67 antibody (FIG. 10 left figure) or an anti-BrdU antibody (FIG. 10 right figure). Immunostaining or EdU color reaction (shown in FIG. 10) was performed. As a result, it was found that the ciliary marginal-like structure was a Ki67 positive proliferating cell in the cell aggregate after 46 days of suspension culture in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist as described above. (Indicated by arrows in the left diagram of FIG. 10). Since 90% or more of Ki67-positive cells are EdU-positive (the arrow in FIG.
- Example 7 (Analysis of proliferation ability of cell aggregate containing ciliary body periphery-like structure part 2) Cell aggregates produced by the method described in Example 1 on the 18th day after the start of suspension culture were suspended in serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days, and then Example 4, Example 5 In the same manner as in Example 6, suspension culture was performed for 46 days in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist. Thereafter, in order to label the proliferating cells, the cells are cultured in the presence of BrdU for 1 day, then cultured in the absence of BrdU for 13 days, then cultured in the presence of EdU (Invitrogen) for 1 day, and further in the absence of EdU for 13 days. Cultured.
- Ki67 positive cells of the ciliary marginal edge-like structure continued to grow continuously for 27 days, and EdU and BrdU incorporated into DNA were diluted. From these results, it was found that, in the cell aggregate cultured as described above, the ciliary peripheral edge-like structure is a progress zone.
- Example 8 Analysis of morphology of neural retina in cell aggregate containing ciliary marginal structure
- Cell aggregates produced by the method described in Example 1 on the 18th day after the start of suspension culture were suspended in serum-free medium containing a Wnt signal pathway agonist for 3 days, and then Example 4, Example 5
- suspension culture was carried out in a serum medium containing no Wnt signal pathway agonist for 75 days, and the resulting cell aggregates were analyzed.
- the GFP fluorescence image (A, the right column, the lower stage) of the Crx gene expression cell of the cell aggregate containing a part-like structure is shown.
- cell aggregates (CMZ +) containing ciliary rim-like structures have a more continuous layer structure than cell aggregates (CMZ-) that do not contain ciliary rim-like structures. It was found that the proportion of cell aggregates with the isolated neural retina was high.
- the method of the present invention it is possible to produce a ciliary body periphery-like structure with high efficiency.
- the ciliary marginal part-like structure functions as a Progress zone, and is close to the ciliary marginal part-like structure.
- a continuous neural retina having a layer structure can be formed with high frequency.
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Abstract
Description
即ち、本発明は、
1.網膜組織を含む細胞凝集体であり、前記網膜組織におけるChx10陽性細胞の存在割合が20%以上である細胞凝集体を、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含む無血清培地又は血清培地中で、RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現するに至るまでの期間中に限り、培養した後、得られた「RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現していない細胞凝集体」を、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない無血清培地又は血清培地中で培養する工程を含むことを特徴とする、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体の製造方法(以下、本発明製造方法と記すこともある。);
2.RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現するに至るまでの期間が、前記網膜組織におけるChx10陽性細胞の存在割合が50%~1%の範囲内である期間であり、且つ、RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現していない細胞凝集体が、前記網膜組織におけるChx10陽性細胞の存在割合が50%~1%の範囲内である細胞凝集体であることを特徴とする前項1記載の製造方法;
3.得られた「RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現していない細胞凝集体」を、前記網膜組織におけるChx10陽性細胞の存在割合が50%以上に至るまで、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない無血清培地又は血清培地中で培養することを特徴とする前項2記載の製造方法;
4.前記網膜組織がヒト多能性幹細胞由来である前項1~3のいずれか記載の製造方法;
5.前項1~4のいずれか記載の製造方法により製造される毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体の毒性・薬効評価用試薬としての使用;
6.前項1~4のいずれか記載の製造方法により製造される毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体の移植用生体材料としての使用;
等を提供するものである。
「凝集体を形成させる」とは、細胞を集合させて細胞の凝集体を形成させて浮遊培養させる際に、「一定数の分散した幹細胞を迅速に凝集」させることで質的に均一な細胞の凝集体を形成させることをいう。
凝集体を形成させる実験的な操作としては、例えば、ウェルの小さなプレート(96穴プレート)やマイクロポアなどを用いて小さいスペースに細胞を閉じ込める方法、小さな遠心チューブを用いて短時間遠心することで細胞を凝集させる方法などが挙げられる。
尚、細胞非接着性の培養器は、培養器の表面が細胞との接着性を向上させる目的で人工的に処理(例えば、細胞外マトリクス等によるコーティング処理)されていないもの等を使用することがよい。
(1)多能性幹細胞を、Wntシグナル経路阻害物質を含む無血清培地中で浮遊培養することにより多能性幹細胞の凝集体を形成させる第一工程
(2)第一工程で形成された凝集体を、基底膜標品を含む無血清培地中で浮遊培養する第二工程、及び
(3)第二工程で培養された凝集体を、血清培地中で浮遊培養する第三工程
第一工程で用いた無血清培地をそのまま本工程に用いる場合、「基底膜標品」を培地中に添加すればよい。
例えば、第三工程で培養された凝集体を、血清培地中で浮遊培養する。浮遊培養で用いられる培養器としては、上述のものが挙げられる。浮遊培養における培養温度、CO2濃度、O2濃度等の他の培養条件は適宜設定できる。培養温度は、特に限定されるものではないが、例えば約30~40℃、好ましくは約37℃である。また、CO2濃度は、例えば約1~10%、好ましくは約5%である。一方O2濃度については、例えば20~70%、好ましくは20~60%、より好ましくは30~50%である。培養時間は特に限定されないが、通常48時間以上であり、好ましくは7日以上である。
浮遊培養終了後、凝集体をパラホルムアルデヒド溶液等の固定液を用いて固定し、凍結切片を作製する。得られた凍結切片を免疫染色し、網膜組織の層構造が形成されていることを確認すればよい。網膜組織は、各層を構成する網膜前駆細胞(視細胞、水平細胞、双極細胞、アマクリン細胞、網膜節細胞)がそれぞれ異なるため、これらの細胞に発現している上述のマーカーに対する抗体を用いて免疫染色することにより、層構造が形成されていることを確認することができる。
(1)まず、「網膜組織を含む細胞凝集体」の凍結切片を作製する。
(2)次いで、Raxタンパク質の免疫染色を、又は、Rax遺伝子を発現する細胞でGFP等の蛍光タンパク質が発現するように改変された遺伝子組換え細胞を用いた場合には前記蛍光タンパク質の発現を、蛍光顕微鏡等を用いて観察することにより、Rax遺伝子を発現する網膜組織領域を特定する。
(3)Rax遺伝子を発現する網膜組織領域が特定された凍結切片と同じ切片又は隣接する切片を試料として、Dapi等の核染色試薬を用いて核を染色する。そして、上記で特定されたRax遺伝子を発現する網膜組織領域の中において、染色された核の数を計測することにより、網膜組織領域の細胞数を測定する。
(4)Rax遺伝子を発現する網膜組織領域が特定された凍結切片と同じ切片又は隣接する切片を試料として、Chx10タンパク質の免疫染色を行う。上記で特定された網膜組織領域におけるChx10陽性細胞中の核の数を計測する。
(5)上記(3)及び(4)で計測された各々の核の数に基づいて、Chx10陽性細胞中の核の数を、上記で特定された網膜組織領域におけるChx10陽性細胞中の核の数で除することにより、「Chx10陽性細胞の存在割合」を算出する。
ここで、好ましい培養としては、例えば、浮遊培養を挙げることができる。また、好ましい培地としては、例えば、無血清培地を挙げることができる。
このような特定な期間を設定するには、前記「網膜組織を含む細胞凝集体」を試料として、当該試料中に含まれるRPE65遺伝子の発現有無又はその程度を、通常の遺伝子工学的手法を用いて測定すればよい。具体的には例えば、後述する実施例に記載されるように、前記「網膜組織を含む細胞凝集体」の凍結切片をRPE65タンパク質に対する抗体を用いて免疫染色する方法を用いてRPE65遺伝子の発現有無又はその程度を調べることができる。
ここで、好ましい培養としては、例えば、浮遊培養を挙げることができる。
本発明製造方法により製造された毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体は、網膜細胞の障害に基づく疾患の治療薬のスクリーニング、疾患研究材料、創薬材料として利用可能である。また化学物質等の毒性や薬効の評価においても、光毒性、神経毒性等の毒性研究、毒性試験等に活用可能である。
本発明製造方法により製造された毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体は、細胞損傷状態において、障害を受けた組織自体を補充する(例えば、移植手術に用いる)ため等に用いる移植用生体材料として用いることができる。
RAX::GFPノックインヒトES細胞(KhES-1由来;Nakano, T. et al. Cell Stem Cell 2012, 10(6), 771-785)を「Ueno, M. et al. PNAS 2006, 103(25), 9554-9559」 「Watanabe, K. et al. Nat Biotech 2007, 25, 681-686」に記載される方法に準じて培養した。培地には、DMEM/F12 培地(Invitrogen)に20%KSR (Knockout Serum Replacement;Invitrogen)、0.1mM 2-メルカプトエタノール、1mM ピルビン酸、5~10ng/ml bFGFを添加した培地を用いた。培養された前記ES細胞を、0.25% trypsin-EDTA (Invitrogen)を用いてES細胞を単一分散した後、単一分散されたES細胞を非細胞接着性の96穴培養プレート(スミロン スフェロイド プレート,住友ベークライト社)の1ウェルあたり9×103細胞になるように100μlの無血清培地に浮遊させ、37℃、5%CO2で浮遊培養した。その際に用いられた無血清培地は、G-MEM培地に20% KSR、0.1mM 2-メルカプトエタノール、1mM ピルビン酸、20μM Y27632、Wntシグナル経路阻害物質(3μM IWR1e)を添加した無血清培地であった。浮遊培養開始2日目から容積あたり1/100量のGFRマトリゲル(Invitrogen)を添加して浮遊培養した。浮遊培養開始12日目に容積あたり1/10量の牛胎児血清及びShhシグナル経路作用物質(100nM SAG)を添加して、合計18日間浮遊培養した。
このようにして製造された細胞凝集体を4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定し凍結切片を調製した。調製された凍結切片につき、GFP蛍光像の蛍光顕微鏡観察(図1)及び神経網膜前駆細胞のマーカーの1つであるChx10の免疫染色(図2)を行った。上記のようにして製造された細胞凝集体に含まれる網膜組織には、Chx10陽性細胞が40%程度存在していた(図2参照)。
実施例1と同様な方法を用いて、浮遊培養をより長時間行ったところ、浮遊培養開始から25日目にはChx10陽性細胞が80%程度または90%程度存在する網膜組織を含む細胞凝集体も得られた。
実施例1に記載された方法により製造された浮遊培養開始後18日目の網膜組織を含む細胞凝集体を、Wntシグナル経路作用物質(3μM CHIR99021)を含む無血清培地で3日間浮遊培養した。
得られた細胞凝集体を4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定し凍結切片を調製した。調製された凍結切片につき、GFP蛍光像の蛍光顕微鏡観察(図3)及び神経網膜前駆細胞のマーカーの1つであるChx10の免疫染色(図4)を行った。Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含む無血清培地で3日間浮遊培養した前記細胞凝集体に含まれる網膜組織には、Chx10陽性細胞が3%程度しか存在せず、Chx10陽性細胞の存在割合が明らかに減少していることが確認できた(図4参照)。このとき、前記細胞凝集体には、RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞は出現していなかった。
実施例1及び実施例3に記載された方法により製造された浮遊培養開始後21日目(上記の「18日目」と「3日間」との合計日数)の細胞凝集体(Chx10陽性細胞の存在割合:3%程度)を、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地(DMEM/F12、10%牛胎児血清、N2 supplement、0.5μM レチノイン酸等を含む)で、40% O2条件下で更に39日間浮遊培養した。
得られた細胞凝集体を4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定し凍結切片を調製した。調製された凍結切片につき、GFP蛍光像の蛍光顕微鏡観察(図5)及び毛様体周縁部のマーカーの1つであるRdh10の免疫染色(図6)を行った。上記のようにして、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地で39日間浮遊培養した後の細胞凝集体において、網膜組織(具体的には、神経網膜)と網膜色素上皮との境界領域に存在する組織の中には、Rdh10陽性細胞(即ち、毛様体周縁部様構造体のマーカー遺伝子であるRdh10遺伝子を発現する細胞)が略均一な群領域として存在しており、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体が高効率で製造されたことが確認できた(図6参照)。
実施例1及び実施例3に記載された方法により製造された浮遊培養開始後21日目(上記の「18日目」と「3日間」との合計日数)の細胞凝集体(Chx10陽性細胞の存在割合:3%程度)を、実施例4と同様に、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地(DMEM/F12、10%牛胎児血清、N2 supplement、0.5μM レチノイン酸等を含む)で、40% O2条件下で更に50日間浮遊培養した。
得られた細胞凝集体を4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定し凍結切片を調製した。調製された凍結切片につき、GFP蛍光像の蛍光顕微鏡観察(図7)、及び、毛様体周縁部のマーカーであるRdh10(図8)又はOtx1(図9)の免疫染色を行った。上記のようにしてWntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地で50日間浮遊培養した後の細胞凝集体において、網膜組織(具体的には、神経網膜)と網膜色素上皮との境界領域に存在する組織の中には、Rdh10陽性細胞(即ち、毛様体周縁部様構造体のマーカー遺伝子であるRdh10遺伝子を発現する細胞)が略均一な群領域として存在しており(図8参照)、Otx1陽性細胞(即ち、毛様体周縁部様構造体のマーカー遺伝子であるOtx1遺伝子を発現する細胞)も同様に存在していた(図9参照)。これらの結果から、当該製造方法により、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体が高効率で製造されたことが確認できた。
実施例1に記載された方法により製造された浮遊培養開始後18日目の細胞凝集体をWntシグナル経路作用物質を含む無血清培地中で3日間浮遊培養した後、実施例4及び実施例5と同様に、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地中で46日間浮遊培養した。その後、増殖細胞を標識するためにBrdU存在下で1日間培養し、次いでBrdU非存在下で13日間培養した後に、EdU(Invitrogen)存在下で1日間培養した。得られた細胞凝集体を4%パラホルムアルデヒド固定して凍結切片を作製し、作製された凍結切片につき、抗Ki67抗体(図10左図)もしくは抗BrdU抗体(図10右図)を用いた蛍光免疫染色、または、EdUの発色反応(図10中図)を行った。
その結果、上記のようにしてWntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地で46日間浮遊培養した後の細胞凝集体において、毛様体周縁部様構造体がKi67陽性の増殖細胞であることがわかった(図10左図、矢印にて示す)。Ki67陽性細胞の90%以上がEdU陽性であることから(図10中図、矢印)、1日間のEdUの取り込みにより増殖細胞の90%以上が標識できることがわかった。一方、毛様体周縁部様構造体のKi67陽性細胞ではBrdUのシグナルが弱い(図10右図、矢印)ことから、前記Ki67陽性細胞がBrdU標識後の14日間持続的に増殖し続け、DNAに取り込まれたBrdUが希釈されたと考えられた。これらの結果から、上記のようにして培養された細胞凝集体において、毛様体周縁部様構造体がProgress zone(進行帯)であることがわかった。
実施例1に記載された方法により製造された浮遊培養開始後18日目の細胞凝集体をWntシグナル経路作用物質を含む無血清培地中で3日間浮遊培養した後、実施例4、実施例5及び実施例6と同様に、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地中で46日間浮遊培養した。その後、増殖細胞を標識するためにBrdU存在下で1日間培養し、次いでBrdU非存在下で13日間培養した後に、EdU(Invitrogen)存在下で1日間培養し、さらにEdU非存在下で13日間培養した。得られた細胞凝集体の凍結切片を作製し、抗Ki67抗体(図11左図)、抗BrdU抗体(図11右図)もしくは抗Rdh10抗体(図11下図)による蛍光免疫染色、または、EdUの発色反応(図11中図)を行った。
その結果、上記のようにしてWntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地で46日間浮遊培養した後の細胞凝集体において、Rdh10陽性の毛様体周縁部様構造体(図11下図、矢印にて示す)がKi67陽性であることがわかった(図11左図)。前記毛様体周縁部様構造体のKi67陽性細胞において、EdU(図11中図)及びBrdU(図11右図)のシグナルが弱いことがわかった。従って、前記毛様体周縁部様構造体のKi67陽性細胞が27日間持続的に増殖し続け、DNAに取り込まれたEdUとBrdUが希釈されたと考えられた。これらの結果から、上記のようにして培養された細胞凝集体において、毛様体周縁部様構造体がProgress zone(進行帯)であることがわかった。
実施例1に記載された方法により製造された浮遊培養開始後18日目の細胞凝集体をWntシグナル経路作用物質を含む無血清培地中で3日間浮遊培養した後、実施例4、実施例5、実施例6及び実施例7と同様に、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない血清培地中で75日間浮遊培養し、得られた細胞凝集体を解析した。当該細胞凝集体の一例として、毛様体周縁部様構造体(CMZ)を含まない細胞凝集体の位相差像(A、左列、上段)、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含まない細胞凝集体のCrx遺伝子発現細胞のGFP蛍光像(A、左列、下段)、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体の位相差像(A、右列、上段)、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体のCrx遺伝子発現細胞のGFP蛍光像(A、右列、下段)を示す。毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体のCrx遺伝子発現細胞のGFP蛍光像(A、右列、下段)では、右下部に、毛様体周縁部様構造体に近接して、層構造をもち連続した神経網膜が存在することがわかった(矢印にて示す)。
毛様体周縁部様構造体を含まない細胞凝集体(CMZ-)と、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体(CMZ+)に関して、層構造をもち連続した神経網膜が細胞凝集体円周の10%以上存在する細胞凝集体の割合を、Crx遺伝子発現細胞の形態を指標として測定した(図12B)。その結果、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体(CMZ+)の方が、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含まない細胞凝集体(CMZ-)と比べて、層構造をもち連続した神経網膜をもつ細胞凝集体の割合が高いことがわかった。
Claims (6)
- 網膜組織を含む細胞凝集体であり、前記網膜組織におけるChx10陽性細胞の存在割合が20%以上である細胞凝集体を、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含む無血清培地又は血清培地中で、RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現するに至るまでの期間中に限り、培養した後、得られた「RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現していない細胞凝集体」を、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない無血清培地又は血清培地中で培養する工程を含むことを特徴とする、毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体の製造方法。
- RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現するに至るまでの期間が、前記網膜組織におけるChx10陽性細胞の存在割合が50%~1%の範囲内である期間であり、且つ、RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現していない細胞凝集体が、前記網膜組織におけるChx10陽性細胞の存在割合が50%~1%の範囲内である細胞凝集体であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の製造方法。
- 得られた「RPE65遺伝子を発現する細胞が出現していない細胞凝集体」を、前記網膜組織におけるChx10陽性細胞の存在割合が50%以上に至るまで、Wntシグナル経路作用物質を含まない無血清培地又は血清培地中で培養することを特徴とする請求項2記載の製造方法。
- 前記網膜組織がヒト多能性幹細胞由来である請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造される毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体の毒性・薬効評価用試薬としての使用。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法により製造される毛様体周縁部様構造体を含む細胞凝集体の移植用生体材料としての使用。
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015087614A1 (ja) * | 2013-12-11 | 2015-06-18 | 住友化学株式会社 | 毛様体周縁部様構造体の製造法 |
| WO2015107738A1 (ja) | 2014-01-17 | 2015-07-23 | 住友化学株式会社 | 毛様体周縁部幹細胞の製造方法 |
| WO2019017492A1 (ja) | 2017-07-20 | 2019-01-24 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | 連続的な上皮を含む網膜組織の成熟化方法 |
| WO2019050015A1 (ja) | 2017-09-08 | 2019-03-14 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | 網膜組織を含む細胞凝集体及びその製造方法 |
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| WO2019054514A1 (ja) | 2017-09-14 | 2019-03-21 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | 網膜組織の製造方法 |
| WO2020138430A1 (ja) | 2018-12-28 | 2020-07-02 | 国立研究開発法人理化学研究所 | 網膜系細胞又は網膜組織の障害を伴う疾患の治療薬 |
| CN113557311A (zh) * | 2019-03-13 | 2021-10-26 | 大日本住友制药株式会社 | 移植用神经视网膜的品质评价方法及移植用神经视网膜片 |
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| EP3211072B8 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2025-05-21 | RACTHERA Co., Ltd. | Production method for nerve tissue |
| EP3868873A1 (en) | 2014-10-24 | 2021-08-25 | Sumitomo Dainippon Pharma Co., Ltd. | Production method for retinal tissue |
| US12385008B2 (en) | 2015-09-08 | 2025-08-12 | Sumitomo Pharma Co., Ltd. | Method for producing retinal tissue |
| AU2017254264C1 (en) | 2016-04-22 | 2023-10-05 | Riken | Method for producing retinal tissue |
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| AU2013272548A1 (en) | 2015-01-29 |
| CN104508125B (zh) | 2020-06-16 |
| EP2860245B1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
| CA2876047C (en) | 2021-11-23 |
| JP6393614B2 (ja) | 2018-09-19 |
| US10077425B2 (en) | 2018-09-18 |
| CA3134317A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| CN104508125A (zh) | 2015-04-08 |
| AU2019229463A1 (en) | 2019-10-03 |
| CA2876047A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| EP2860245A4 (en) | 2015-12-23 |
| EP2860245A1 (en) | 2015-04-15 |
| CA3134317C (en) | 2025-08-05 |
| KR20150021567A (ko) | 2015-03-02 |
| ES2873097T3 (es) | 2021-11-03 |
| CN111607557A (zh) | 2020-09-01 |
| JPWO2013183774A1 (ja) | 2016-02-01 |
| EP3842524A1 (en) | 2021-06-30 |
| US11542471B2 (en) | 2023-01-03 |
| US20150132787A1 (en) | 2015-05-14 |
| US20180371409A1 (en) | 2018-12-27 |
| KR102210180B1 (ko) | 2021-01-29 |
| EP3842524B1 (en) | 2025-12-24 |
| AU2013272548B2 (en) | 2019-06-20 |
| AU2019229463B2 (en) | 2022-03-03 |
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