WO2013181730A1 - Equipment for the combustion of solid organic material - Google Patents

Description

 "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT". Fields of this Patent:

 • Combustion of solid organic matter that generates non-aggressive solid, liquid and gaseous effluents;

 • Suitability of solid effluents from combustion of solid organic matter for return to soil as fertilizers or as a ceramic base;

 • Combustion of solid organic matter composed of high moisture biomass.

 State of the art.

 Cities, the countryside and industry generate large amounts of solid organic matter which, despite their attractive values as a source of thermal energy or recyclable materials, is not used. The cities have a real army of recyclable materials collectors, such as cardboard, paper, various plastics such as PVC and PET and metals such as aluminum, iron, copper and others. This activity places Brazil among the countries with the highest recovery rates of these. materials. However, much of the organic matter such as paper, cardboard and plastic is mixed with household waste and deviates far from the required standards of purity and cleanliness for recycling.

 Cities also generate a large amount of human and animal waste from hospitals, veterinary clinics, dental clinics, etc., which are difficult to collect and treat, since there are no combustors of such materials that generate particulate free gases, aggressive compounds and odorless solids and odors, hence the need to collect them.

The field also generates solid organic matter in such quantities as to exceed the need to relocate it to the cropland in the form of natural manure; This is especially true in fruit and vegetable collection centers where large amounts of solid organic matter with high moisture content accumulate and offer great difficulty to be burned without major visible smoke pollution. with large amounts of particulates, gases carrying aggressive molecules like dioxin, chlorides, sulfuric and sulfuric acids etc.

In industry the problem is even more serious, because what it considers economically non-recyclable, due to the form of presentation or contamination with other products, consists of waste or garbage that is difficult and expensive to administer, since the burning itself generates gaseous and solid effluents of high aggression for the environment and human.

Even the organic matter originated from the field activity, composed mainly of biomass, with high moisture content, contains contamination caused by various plastic bottles like PVC, PET and others and also contains pesticides, oils, tallow, fats and animal feces. .

 The State of the Art consists of numerous types of equipment capable of burning such solid organic matter residues with high levels of moisture and potentially hazardous pollutants without generating gases containing aggressive particles and using their thermal energy even for cogeneration. economic power.

 However, in addition to being very expensive, such equipment requires a lot of energy to blow air at volumes and speeds sufficient for cyclone particulate collection, demand plenty of water for gas scrubbing and end up transferring the problem of gas contamination to the problems. even greater water contamination.

 In addition, they need specialized labor and the cost of transportation and accommodation to burn them in power stations, which have large capacity equipment, is also very high.

The "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" object of this Patent, due to its special features to be described below, is an innovation in the State of the Art for the disposal of various solid organic matter residues contaminated with potentially harmful pollutants. containing high levels of moisture and extremely variable composition, which is of great ecological and economic value.

 In order to solve the problems mentioned above, we can cite some patents that present alternative solutions, but none of them achieved the results obtained by the equipment built from the characteristics object of this patent.

 In the research carried out, the following documents were found and selected, as representatives of the State of the Art, which differ significantly from the equipment described in this patent:

 • JP2010058103 - "Apparatus for pyrolysis organic substance by magnetic pneumatic means".

 • JP2011 131127 - "Low temperature magnetic decomposition treatment apparatus for waste organic matter".

 • WO2008040159 - "Waste decomposing device using magnetic energy". Innovations brought to the State of the Art by the "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" object of this Patent.

 The object of this patent is a combustor for the disposal of solid organic matter contaminated by pathogenic or non-pathogenic biological materials and or chemicals of a wide range of nature, with high moisture contents and wide composition variation, which may or may not benefit from the generated thermal energy, whose gaseous waste does not carry particulates, dioxin, sulfide, sulphite, sulphate, phosphates, nitrates and NOx and which are only carbon dioxide and water vapor and whose solid waste - in about

1 to 2% of the weight and volume of the materials to be treated - are ashes that can be used immediately as fertilizers or for making ceramics.

From the point of view of respecting the environment and respecting the law, as described in the previous paragraph, we see that this equipment is fully compliant with the strictest requirements of ecological legislation and that it can be used in city centers, including the cities. hospitals themselves for the safe and hygienic disposal of hospital waste. From an economic point of view, the "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" object of this Patent enables the resolution of all cost problems pertaining to the disposal of solid organic waste, whether or not contaminated with biological or chemical waste. , with high moisture contents and variable composition, by the following characteristics:

 1 - it is low cost; \

2 - It is easy to operate, dispensing specialized professionals;

 3 - does not require the supply of gaseous or liquid fuels for starting and or aid for drying and combustion;

 4 - does not use electric energy to produce air blast combustion or refrigeration;

 5 - can totally dispense with the use of electric energy to open doors and floodgates, thus having zero energy cost;

 6 - can be constructed to process wide range of solid organic matter, thus economically adapting to the particular needs of all producers thereof.

 Regarding the State of the Art, the following innovative principles of the object of the present patent are as follows:

1 - smoldering of solid organic matter to be treated, from bottom to top, in order to allow sufficient time for drying the same in so far as it goes, by gravity, from the top of the combustor, in which is placed to its lower part, which is performed automatically by the gravitational gait of the material being treated, in a manner appropriate to its moisture content;

2 ^o - provide sufficient time and temperature for the carbonization of solid organic matter before it is reached by oxygen from the air, which is sucked in by the rising stream of hot generated gases;

3 ^o - air intake volume control holes, built according to the capacity of the equipment so that the operating temperature is always between 400 and 500 ° C; 4 - ensuring, by controlled amount of air entering into the combustor, no formation of dioxin, NOx, sulfides, sulfites, sulfates and phosphates;

5 ^o - collect the water from combustion and drying of the solid organic matter being treated so that it will, by bubbling, the gases generated by the combustor;

6 ^o maintain an ash layer at the bottom of the combustor, which acts as catalysts for the combustion of gases generated by carbonization and for adsorbing or reacting with NOx, sulfides, sulfites, sulfates, phosphates and other compounds, thus forming a ceramic chemically active granular for the initial cleaning of the gases generated in the process of thermal decomposition, carbonization and burning of the treated solid organic matter;

7 - the object of this patent uses an innovative catalysis feature that consists of passing the process air flow, containing oxygen, for a small camera, placed immediately before each of the inlet air control orifices In such cameras there are two or more permanent magnets of similar power to those used in loudspeaker power speakers common in the market.

Air oxygen is in the form of a paramagnetic diatomic molecule, that is, with two unpaired electrons on each atom, an allotropic variety known as the "Triplete Oxygen"; the effect of the magnetic fields of said magnets excites the oxygen molecules by pairing the unpaired electrons of the atoms, promoting such atoms in the form of "singlet oxygen" which is 1,500 times more reactive than the "triple oxygen".

The lower energy oxygen molecule in its ground state has two unpaired electrons in its higher energy molecular orbitals. The Singlet oxygen molecule, in turn, has two paired electrons that can be in the same orbital or different orbitals. It is an extremely reactive molecule that can be generated directly by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide (H2O ₂ ) with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCI), or indirectly by the transfer of energy from a molecule excited by visible light, ultraviolet or electromagnetic fields.

 The strong thermodynamic pressure that exists for oxygen to react with inorganic and organic substances to form oxides and release heat - in simple language - is counterbalanced or even nullified by a kinetic barrier constituted by its electronic configuration, which makes spontaneous reaction prohibited oxygen with the vast majority of substances, which are diamagnetic.

 Therefore, as an example, although there is a great thermodynamic tendency for paper to burn when exposed to oxygen, this does not occur. This reaction is extremely slow, about years, due to the "spin ban" and only occurs if started with a flame - which may be just that of a lit matchstick - to overcome the great barrier of activation of the reagents.

This is the innovative effect of magnets acting on the oxygen flow from the air entering the combustor: - promote the combustion, at low temperatures and oxygen demand, of all components of solid organic matter, without the formation of dioxin or high difficult temperatures and expensive thermal insulation.

 The operation of this "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" is as follows and is illustrated in Figure 1.

Figure 1 is a schematic sectional side view of the "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" (1), constructed from sheet metal, showing its silo (2) of organic matter to be treated, its carcass (3) ), the combustion chamber (4), which only partially occupies the interior of the housing (3), both vertically and horizontally, leaving the insulating space (5) between these parts, through which the gases originating from the process rise, being that this insulating space (5) allows the combustion chamber (4) to cool slightly, but not much, so that its temperature always remains between 400 and 500 ° C, which is the ideal temperature for the realization of the phenomena drying, charring and combustion that take place inside. We also see in this Figure the electric motor (6) which drives the worm gear (7) (8) which moves the slide holder (9) which controls the entry of organic matter into the combustion chamber (4) from silo (2);

such movement may be done manually or by pneumatic cylinder piston, in the case where the "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" (1) installation site is installed in a location with compressed air availability; We also see the inverted "U" duct (10), through which the combustion gases leave the interior of the housing (3) and are carried by said pipe to the bottom of the water tank (11), at the bottom. which gases bubble leaving their soluble compounds and the few particulates it contains, leaving the equipment through the gas exhaust duct (12), which can release them into the atmosphere or take them to other processing such as cyclones or scrubbers. This is generally unnecessary as the gases leaving the "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" (1) are composed solely of water vapor and carbon dioxide.

 Still in Figure 1 we see the ash retention grille (13) and the ash removal port (14) and, on the sides of the lower part of the housing (3), the air intake valves (15), in which part Innermost are the air inlet control holes (16), which are hit by airflow only after passing between the magnets (17).

 Such process air inlet valves (15) occur in varying numbers depending on the capability of the "AIR COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT".

SOLID ORGANIC MATTER "(1) and therefore the need for process air and the number of these may be as high as forty or more.

 The air inlet control holes (16) have their fixed diameters, preferably between 3 and 8 mm, also depending on the capacity of the equipment.

 Operation of the "COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT"

SOLID ORGANIC "(1) is as follows:

The solid organic matter - as described above - is deposited manually or by forklift trucks inside the silo (2) and when driven to The sliding door (9), in any case, by force of gravity, falls into the combustion chamber (4), which, for starting the equipment, is filled with auxiliary organic matter from the start of combustion, such as paper. or any other dry, easily combustible biomass in which a fire is set by means of a torch inserted by the ash removal door (14), which is then closed; As combustion of the auxiliary organic matter from the start of combustion progresses, process air entering the housing (3) through the process air intake valves (15) and inlet control ports (16) air passes between the magnets (17) transforming Oxygen into its "singlet" variety which oxidizes the organic matter present with heat generation which begins to dry the solid organic matter contained in the column inside the chamber of combustion (4).

This process proceeds until the material to be treated, which is closest to the combustion zone, becomes dry and lighter, when then the solid, moist organic matter placed above, having higher density, begins to descend; At the same time, the deprivation of process air abundance, the inlet of which is controlled as we have seen, causes the mass of organic matter to be treated to start the process of carbonization in air shortage and how the gases generated in the carbonization, as well as Since the combustion gases can only leave the combustion chamber (4) at its bottom, they have to pass through the lower region of the combustion chamber, where there is a flame that burns them and the gases thus formed have close contact with the ash layer that is formed and maintained on the ash trap (13) which adsorbs or reacts with aggressive gases or vapors to the atmosphere. As the ash volume is between 1 and 2% of the volume of treated solid organic matter, the excess ash removal operation on the ash retention grid (13) is performed only periodically so that the ash is always present. ^N

Thus, because the warmer region of the combustion chamber (4) is its lower part, the heat generated there, dries, chars and finally burns the solid organic matter to be treated inside the equipment, the process being always automatically controlled because if the raw material has high humidity - such as fruits and vegetables - drying takes time, although inevitably it will happen and the gravitational march of solid organic matter from top to bottom of the combustion chamber (4) has its speed naturally controlled by drying it. , loss of gases by carbonization and finally ash reduction by combustion.

The heat generated by the equipment may optionally be harnessed by a water coil circulating within the insulating space (5).

 Other Advances on the State of the Art brought by the SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT ", object of this Patent. The latest advances and features introduced on the State of the Art brought by the object of this Patent originate from the Practical experience and constant investment of the Author, which is the manufacturer of this equipment and are as follows:

 1 - Regarding the structure of the equipment.

 The equipment structure has been designed and constructed to withstand variations in the working temperature of the equipment without undergoing any dimensional variation, such as "puffing" or "withering" during equipment operation, by including more properly supported structural points. welded to the equipment structure.

 2 - Regarding the internal thermal coating.

 The equipment according to this Patent Report has an internal rockwool coating structure to prevent overheating of the equipment's internal lining sheets. After mounting the rock wool lining a steel sheet lining is mounted to protect the wool from direct contact with debris, preventing combustion.

3 - The Sealing System.

 The Equipment is designed using a rubber composite sealing system and a set of appropriately thick plates, mounted to prevent structural twisting due to friction of opening and closing, along with heat from equipment operation.

4 - The supply of equipment with solid organic matter. The supply of the equipment, object of the present patent, operates through a set of gates driven by two interdependent gearmotors, so that if one gate is open the other will be closed automatically, and these gates move through a set rack and pinion gear, made of steel, and assembled so that they are easily assembled and disassembled.

5 - Concerning the bottom cover and the ash removal system:

 For removal of the ashes, the equipment is equipped with a lower movable cover that is driven by two gearmotors, driven by a standard steel-made rack and pinion mechanical assembly, designed so that their assembly and disassembly are performed. simple operations and easy to perform.

 The ash removal system has a mechanical feature to produce vibration which consists of an assembly consisting of a motor that drives a connecting rod and shaft assembly that transfers vibratory motion to the screen where the ash is stored.

 The vibratory system is automatically activated as soon as the bottom cover is fully opened, initiating the vibration of the ash-supporting screen after the decomposition of the waste, to facilitate its exit from the interior of the equipment.

 6 - Regarding the load cell and the support structure of the equipment.

The equipment is equipped with a weight rating system that is being placed inside it; Such a load weighting system consists of four individual cells placed on each foot of the equipment, and the display of the control panel of the equipment shows the sum of the four cells, ie the total load supplied to the equipment. equipment.

 7 - As for the Control Panel.

 The Control Panel supports two ways of commanding operations:

A. Manual Control: - In this option the opening and closing commands of the covers are made by pressing the buttons on the panel. B. Remote Control: In the Remote Control position, machine commands are made through the remote control device and can be done by the operator held at a distance.

 The control panel of the equipment also has:

 C. Display for visualization of the weight of solid organic matter with which the machine is being filled;

 D. Display of average temperature inside the equipment;

E. Audible signal, which, for safety reasons, is automatically activated whenever any cover is moved.

 The Control Panel uses only 24 volt direct current voltage to protect users from any risk of electric shock.

 8 - The gas cleaning system.

 The equipment is equipped with a tower gas scrubbing system, which works through a water flow that generates the "Venturi" effect, to suck the gases from the combustion and drying that happens inside the equipment. Upon capture, such gases are flushed internally into the tower through five cleaning stages until they can be released into the atmosphere without particulates and or other chemical components other than carbon dioxide and water vapor, in accordance with strict environmental legislation.

9 - The removal of the ashes.

 After combustion of the solid organic matter, the ash formed, which corresponds, on average, to 2% of the dry weight of the same, is removed by sliding the lower lid of the equipment, being collected by a trolley of its own, moved, manually by the System operator.

 10 - As for the painting.

 To maintain the quality of the paint over time, it is recommended that the paint use polyurethane-based paint that withstands temperatures up to 250 ° C without losing its characteristics.

Thus, Figure 2 illustrates an isometric perspective view of the "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" (18), therein we see the gas treatment tower (19), the supply box (20) with the upper sliding lid (21) in the example closed; the lower sliding cover 21A, both operating in counter-phase, ie due respectively to the drive motors 21B and 21C, whenever one of these sliding covers begins to open, the other must be completely closed so that no gases escape into the environment or air enters the combustion chamber (C); We also see in this Figure 2, the 2 drive motors (22) of the lower cover opening system (23) of the equipment intended for the placement of a manual drive trolley (not shown), which receives the ashes exited from the equipment by its bottom cover and feet (24), each of which contains a load cell (25) for joint measurement and indicate on the control panel, by weight, the load mass of solid organic matter with which the equipment is being supplied.

 Figure 3 is an isometric perspective view of the bottom (27) of the "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" (18), where we see the feet (24), the vibratory system (29), motor constant and connecting rod, as previously described in this Patent Report, coupled to the vibrating screen (28), the two drive motors (22) of the lower cover opening system of the equipment, and the two inspection ports (30).

Claims

1. "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT", intended for the disposal of solid organic matter contaminated by pathogenic or non-pathogenic biological materials and / or chemicals of a wide range of nature, with high moisture contents and wide composition variations, may or may not take advantage of the thermal energy generated, the gaseous waste of which does not carry particulates, dioxin, sulfide, sulphite, sulphate, phosphates, nitrates and NOx, and which consist only of carbon dioxide and water vapor and whose solid wastes - in about 1 to 2% of the weight and volume of the materials to be treated - are ashes that can be used immediately as fertilizers or to make ceramics, which has more structural support points properly welded to the equipment structure, where the Oxygen-containing process airflow passes through a small chamber, placed just before each of the inlet control holes in such chambers, wherein in such chambers there are two or more permanent magnets and are preferably constructed of sheet metal having silo (2) for organic matter to be treated, casing (3), combustion chamber (4) occupying only partially inside said housing (3), both vertically and horizontally, leaving the insulating space (5) between these parts for the rising of the gases originating from the process, and this insulating space (5) maintains the temperature of the combustion chamber (4) between 400 and 500 ° C, characterized in that the internal thermal coating, the sealing system, the solid organic matter supply system of the equipment, the bottom cover and the ash removal system are modified to include a cell loading area near the support structure of the equipment; As well as the gas cleaning and ash removal system, the preferred embodiment of the invention is an equipment (18) consisting of a gas treatment tower (19), a supply device (20), lid upper slide (21), lower slide cover (21 A), both operating counter-phase, via the drive motors (21 B) and (2 C), two lower lid opening system drive (22), hand-operated trolley, which receives ashes from the equipment by its lower cover, feet (24) each containing a load cell (25), constant vibrating motor (29) and connecting rod coupled to the vibrating screen (28) and two inspection ports (30). "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" according to Claim 1, characterized in that the internal thermal coating includes an internal rockwool coating structure on which a steel sheet covering is mounted to protect the wool. direct contact with waste.  3. "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" according to claim 1, wherein the sealing system is mounted to prevent structural twisting due to friction of opening and closing, along with heat from equipment operation, characterized in that the sealing system is composed of a set of sheets of suitable thickness and rubber.  4. "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" according to claim 1, characterized in that the solid organic matter supply system of the equipment has a set of gates operated by two interdependent geared motors so that a gate is open the other will be closed automatically, and these gates move through a mechanical set formed by Pinion and Rack, preferably constructed of steel. 5. "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower cover and the ash removal system is provided with a lower movable cover which is driven by two gearmotors driven by one set. rack and pinion mechanic, made of steel; It also has a mechanical feature to produce vibration which consists of an assembly consisting of a motor that drives a connecting rod and shaft assembly that transfers the vibratory movement to the screen where the ashes are stored. 6. "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" according to claim 1, characterized in that the equipment is provided with a weight evaluation system of the load being placed inside it; Such a load weighting system consists of four individual cells placed on each foot of the equipment, and the display of the control panel of the equipment shows the sum of the four cells, ie the total load supplied to the equipment. equipment.  7. "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" according to claim 1, characterized by the control panel admits two ways to control operations, manually or remotely and also having display to display the weight of solid organic matter with which the machine is being supplied, display of the average temperature inside the equipment, buzzer, with automatic activation whenever any lid is moving. 8. "SOLID ORGANIC COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT" according to claim 1, characterized in that the tower gas cleaning system operates via a "Venturi" effect water flow to suck the gases from the combustion and drying that takes place inside the equipment, and such gases are flushed internally in the tower through five stages of cleaning until they can be released into the atmosphere, without particulates and or other chemicals other than carbon dioxide and water vapor. .