WO2013179526A1 - 電池、電池用セパレータおよび電池用セパレータの製造方法 - Google Patents
電池、電池用セパレータおよび電池用セパレータの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2013179526A1 WO2013179526A1 PCT/JP2013/000158 JP2013000158W WO2013179526A1 WO 2013179526 A1 WO2013179526 A1 WO 2013179526A1 JP 2013000158 W JP2013000158 W JP 2013000158W WO 2013179526 A1 WO2013179526 A1 WO 2013179526A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- nanofiber
- separator
- nanofibers
- porous
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/44—Fibrous material
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/454—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising a non-fibrous layer and a fibrous layer superimposed on one another
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/46—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
- B32B37/20—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of continuous webs only
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
- B32B37/24—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with at least one layer not being coherent before laminating, e.g. made up from granular material sprinkled onto a substrate
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
- Y10T29/49108—Electric battery cell making
- Y10T29/49115—Electric battery cell making including coating or impregnating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery, a battery separator, and a battery separator manufacturing method, and more particularly, to an improvement of a battery separator.
- Nanofibers are ultrafine fibers having a fiber diameter of several tens to several hundreds of nanometers, and exhibit different physical properties from conventional fibers when the fibers are made ultrafine. Therefore, nanofibers themselves or nanofiber products (for example, non-woven fabrics) have attracted attention in various fields such as energy, biotechnology, and healthcare. In particular, nanofiber nonwoven fabrics are expected to be used in a wide range of fields because they can be made smaller in pore diameter than conventional nonwoven fabrics due to the small fiber diameter of nanofibers.
- Nanofiber nonwoven fabrics are attracting attention in the energy field, for example, as a support for an electrolyte membrane in a fuel cell, or as a separator in a primary or secondary battery such as an alkaline battery or a lithium battery.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that a separator made of a porous layer containing nanofibers formed by an electrospinning method is joined and integrated with an electrode surface.
- a porous layer is formed by spraying and spinning a polymer solution constituting a nanofiber on the substrate surface of an electrode.
- a nanofiber porous layer is formed by directly electrospinning an electrode substrate. In such a method, nanofibers are deposited on the substrate as the polymer solution is jetted.
- the nanofibers in contact with the surface of the substrate are crushed slightly as the shape of the surface of the substrate is transferred as the nanofibers are deposited. Since the crushed nanofiber has a large maximum fiber diameter in the surface direction of the nanofiber nonwoven fabric, the contact area with the surface of the substrate becomes large. As a result, since the contact resistance at the contact surface between the substrate and the porous layer is increased, the battery performance is likely to deteriorate.
- the nanofiber nonwoven fabric is once formed on a substrate by electrospinning or the like, and then peeled off from the substrate. Therefore, as in the case of Patent Document 1, in the porous layer, the fiber state is different between the surface in contact with the base material and the surface opposite to the base material, and as a result, the characteristics are also different. Occurs.
- the nanofiber When such a nanofiber nonwoven fabric is used as a separator, the nanofiber is slightly crushed and the surface of the nanofiber nonwoven fabric in a state where the maximum fiber diameter is increased comes into contact with either one of the electrodes. For this reason, the contact resistance increases, and as a result, the battery characteristics are degraded.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a battery having reduced contact resistance at the contact surface between the separator and the electrode, a battery separator capable of reducing contact resistance with the electrode, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- One aspect of the present invention comprises a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte, the separator having a nanofiber matrix structure formed by electrospinning, And it has the sheet
- the average Ds1 of the maximum fiber diameter of the nanofibers in the vicinity of the first surface and the average Ds2 of the maximum fiber diameter of the nanofibers in the vicinity of the second surface are The present invention relates to a battery that is smaller than the average Dc of the maximum fiber diameters of nanofibers.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a sheet-shaped battery separator having a nanofiber matrix structure formed by electrospinning and having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface.
- Still another aspect of the present invention is that (i) a step of supplying a base material sheet to the nanofiber formation space, and (ii) a static electricity from a raw material liquid containing a solvent and a resin raw material dissolved in the solvent in the nanofiber formation space.
- the surfaces that were in contact with the main surface of the base sheet are joined to face each other, and the surfaces that are not in contact with the main surface of the base sheet of the pair of porous sheets are the first surface and the opposite side, respectively.
- Another aspect of the present invention conveys the long first and second base sheets from upstream to downstream of the first and second lines, respectively, and upstream of the first and second base sheets.
- a method for producing a battery separator comprising forming a first porous sheet and a second porous sheet on a surface and joining the first and second porous sheets facing each other on the downstream side, wherein (i) the first and the second A step of transporting the second base sheet to the nanofiber formation space upstream of the first and second lines, and (ii) in the nanofiber formation space, the static electricity from the raw material liquid containing the solvent and the resin raw material dissolved in the solvent.
- the first and second porous sheets having a nanofiber matrix structure are formed by generating nanofibers by force and depositing the generated nanofibers on the main surfaces of the first and second substrate sheets to be conveyed. (Iii) removing the first and second base sheets from the conveyed first and second porous sheets downstream of the first and second lines, and (iv) first Nanofibers that are joined further with the surfaces of the first and second porous sheets conveyed in contact with the main surfaces of the first and second substrate sheets facing each other on the further downstream side of the first and second lines. And a process for forming a sheet.
- Yet another aspect of the present invention is a nanofiber sheet having a matrix structure of nanofibers formed by electrospinning and having a first surface and a second surface opposite thereto.
- the average of the maximum fiber diameters in the surface direction of the nanofiber sheet is compared between the vicinity of the first surface and the vicinity of the second surface and the central portion in the thickness direction of the nanofiber sheet, the maximum of the nanofibers in the vicinity of the first surface
- the average fiber diameter Ds1 and the average maximum fiber diameter Ds2 of the nanofiber near the second surface are smaller than the average maximum fiber diameter Dc of the nanofiber at the center in the thickness direction of the nanofiber sheet.
- the separator has a nanofiber matrix structure formed by an electrospinning method
- the average of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers in the surface direction of the separator is in the vicinity of both surfaces of the separator. It can be made smaller than the average of the maximum fiber diameters at the center in the thickness direction. Therefore, in the battery, the contact resistance at the contact surface between the separator and the electrode can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view schematically showing a cylindrical battery according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows schematically the structure of the manufacturing system for enforcing the manufacturing method of the nanofiber sheet (or battery separator) which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention.
- FIG. 4 is a top view schematically showing a configuration of a porous sheet forming apparatus 40 in FIG. 3.
- 6 is a top view schematically showing another aspect of the configuration of the porous sheet forming apparatus 40.
- the battery includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and an electrolyte.
- the separator has a nanofiber matrix structure formed by electrospinning and has a sheet shape having a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface (hereinafter also simply referred to as a nanofiber sheet). Is used.
- the average of the maximum fiber diameters in the surface direction of the nanofiber sheet of the nanofiber was compared between the vicinity of the first surface and the vicinity of the second surface, and the central portion in the thickness direction of the nanofiber sheet.
- the average Ds1 of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers near the first surface and the average Ds2 of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers near the second surface are the averages of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers at the center in the thickness direction of the separator It is smaller than Dc.
- Nanofiber sheet A nanofiber nonwoven fabric is conventionally produced by depositing nanofibers on a substrate by electrospinning or the like. Therefore, the nanofibers in contact with the surface of the base material are in a state of being slightly crushed after the shape of the surface of the base material is transferred. Thereby, as for the nonwoven fabric obtained, the fiber of the surface of the side in contact with a base material will be in a flat state.
- this nonwoven fabric having a flat fiber surface is used as a battery separator, the flat fiber surface is in contact with the electrode, and the contact area increases, so that the contact resistance increases. As a result, battery characteristics such as charge / discharge characteristics are degraded.
- the nanofiber nonwoven fabric as described above is bonded to the crushed surfaces of the fibers to form a nanofiber sheet. Therefore, although the nanofiber sheet is formed by the electrospinning method, the nanofibers in the vicinity of both surfaces of the nanofiber sheet are not in a slightly crushed state as in the conventional case.
- the nanofiber sheet of the present invention is a porous sheet (nanofiber nonwoven fabric) having a matrix structure of nanofibers, for example, by depositing nanofibers on the main surface of the base sheet by electrospinning. Forming a pair of porous sheets peeled from the main surface of the base sheet, and joining the pair of porous sheets with the surfaces in contact with the main surface of the base sheet facing each other, Obtainable. Details of the manufacturing method of the nanofiber sheet will be described later.
- the average of the maximum fiber diameter in the surface direction of the nanofiber sheet of the nanofiber is compared between the vicinity of the first surface and the vicinity of the second surface, and the central portion in the thickness direction of the nanofiber sheet, the vicinity of the first surface
- the average Ds1 of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers in 1a and the average Ds2 of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers in the vicinity of the second surface are in the vicinity of the joint surface 3a of the nanofiber sheet 1 (specifically, the central part in the thickness direction). ) 3 is smaller than the average Dc of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers.
- the contact area can be suppressed. Therefore, since the increase in contact resistance is suppressed, the deterioration of battery characteristics can be suppressed.
- the nanofiber sheet since the fibers near both surfaces of the nanofiber sheet are not crushed, in addition to the fact that many gaps are maintained between the fibers, the nanofiber sheet generally has a high porosity, so When used, the electrolyte can be absorbed quickly and a large amount of electrolyte can be retained in the voids. Thereby, since high ionic conductivity can be ensured, charge / discharge characteristics can be improved.
- the nonwoven fabric usually has a high porosity, pinholes are likely to occur.
- the present invention can effectively prevent the generation of pinholes due to the nanofiber matrix structure.
- Nanofiber refers to a filamentous material having a fiber diameter of 50 to 800 nm made of a polymer material such as a polymer.
- the maximum fiber diameter in the surface direction of the nanofiber sheet is the largest fiber width in the surface direction of the nanofiber sheet when the fiber cross section (cross section in the fiber width direction) of one nanofiber is viewed. Means.
- the average of the maximum fiber diameter means the average value of the maximum fiber diameters of a plurality of arbitrarily selected (for example, 10) nanofibers in the cross section in the thickness direction of the nanofiber sheet. Note that the maximum fiber diameter in the surface direction of the nanofiber sheet may be simply referred to as the maximum fiber diameter.
- the average maximum fiber diameter Dc is the average of the maximum fiber diameters of nanofibers in the vicinity of a plane parallel to the surface of the nanofiber sheet (or the bonding surface of the porous sheet) that passes through the center of the nanofiber sheet in the thickness direction. Mean value.
- the vicinity of a plane parallel to the surface of the nanofiber sheet passing through the center in the thickness direction of the nanofiber sheet as indicated by reference numeral 3 in FIG. 1 is, for example, the entire sheet centered on this plane. It means a region having a thickness of 10 to 30% of the thickness.
- the average Dc of the maximum fiber diameter is, for example, 60 nm to 2 ⁇ m, preferably 100 nm to 1.2 ⁇ m, and more preferably 200 to 1000 nm.
- the nanofiber sheet has relatively small average Ds1 and Ds2 of the maximum fiber diameter of the nanofibers in the vicinity of both surfaces thereof. Therefore, very fine pores are uniformly formed, and when the separator is interposed between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the electrolyte distribution at the interface becomes extremely uniform. Therefore, contact resistance can be reduced for both electrodes. That is, since relatively constant properties are easily obtained on both surfaces of the sheet, battery characteristics can be stabilized.
- the average Ds1 of the maximum fiber diameter and the average Ds2 of the maximum fiber diameter preferably satisfy 0.9 ⁇ Ds1 / Ds2 ⁇ 1.1, and 0.95 ⁇ Ds1 / Ds2 ⁇ 1.05. It is more preferable to satisfy When Ds1 and Ds2 satisfy such a relationship, it is advantageous because the physical properties of both surfaces of the nanofiber sheet can be made more uniform.
- Ds1 and Dc satisfy the relationship of 1.1 ⁇ Dc / Ds1 ⁇ 2.5, preferably 1.2 ⁇ Dc / Ds1 ⁇ 2.2, and more preferably 1.3 ⁇ Dc / Ds1 ⁇ 2.
- Ds2 and Dc have a relationship of, for example, 1.1 ⁇ Dc / Ds2 ⁇ 2.5, preferably 1.2 ⁇ Dc / Ds2 ⁇ 2.2, and more preferably 1.3 ⁇ Dc / Ds2 ⁇ 2. Satisfy. When the nanofiber sheet satisfies such a maximum fiber diameter relationship, when used as a separator, the contact resistance with the electrode can be more effectively reduced.
- olefin resin, fluororesin, polyamide resin, and polyimide resin are particularly preferable.
- Such a polymer is advantageous in that the permeability of the electrolyte can be increased when the nanofiber sheet is used as a battery separator.
- polyamide resin, polyimide resin, and the like have high heat resistance, when they are used as battery separators, they can more effectively suppress internal short circuit due to low heat shrinkage.
- the positive electrode active material a known non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery positive electrode active material can be used, and among them, a lithium transition metal oxide having a crystal structure belonging to a hexagonal crystal, a spinel structure or an olivine structure is preferably used. .
- a positive electrode active material can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- lithium transition metal oxide examples include Li x M a 1-y M b y O 2 (0.9 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.1, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.7, M a is Ni, Co, Mn, Fe, at least one selected from the group consisting of Ti or the like, M b other such as at least one metal element) other than M a, and the like LiMn 2 O 4, LiFePO 4, LiCoPO 4, LiMnPO 4 .
- binder examples include fluorine resins such as PVDF; acrylic resins such as polymethyl acrylate and ethylene-methyl methacrylate copolymer; and rubbery materials such as styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylic rubber, and modified products thereof.
- the ratio of the binder is, for example, 0.1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 5 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the positive electrode active material.
- Non-aqueous solvents include cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate (EC); chain carbonates such as diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate; cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone Examples thereof include carboxylic acid esters.
- cyclic carbonates such as propylene carbonate and ethylene carbonate (EC); chain carbonates such as diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC) and dimethyl carbonate
- cyclic esters such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and ⁇ -valerolactone Examples thereof include carboxylic acid esters.
- lithium salt examples include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiC (SO 2 CF 3 3 ).
- a lithium salt can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types.
- the concentration of the lithium salt in the nonaqueous electrolyte is, for example, 0.5 to 1.8 mol / L.
- a cylindrical battery can be obtained by caulking the opening end of the battery case 11 inward.
- a long base sheet may be conveyed from the upstream side of the line to the nanofiber formation space.
- the step (a) for example, the long first from the upstream to the downstream of the first and second lines, respectively. You may convey the 1st and 2nd base material sheet.
- the first and second porous sheets are respectively formed on the main surfaces of the first and second base sheets on the upstream side of the line.
- the step (B) on the downstream side of the line The first and second porous sheets may be joined to face each other.
- the porous sheet can be formed by an electrospinning method. Specifically, in the step (A) of forming the porous sheet, nanofibers are generated by electrostatic force from a raw material liquid containing a polymer material such as a resin raw material (the exemplified polymer) in a nanofiber formation space. At the same time, it may be a step of depositing the produced nanofibers on the main surface of the base sheet to form a porous sheet having a nanofiber matrix structure.
- a polymer material such as a resin raw material (the exemplified polymer)
- nanofibers are generated by an electrostatic stretching phenomenon.
- the solvent gradually evaporates from the raw material liquid that has flowed into the charged space while flying through the space.
- the volume of the raw material liquid in flight gradually decreases, but the charge imparted to the raw material liquid remains in the raw material liquid.
- the charge density of the raw material liquid in flight through the space gradually increases.
- the charge density of the raw material liquid increases and the repulsive Coulomb force generated in the raw material liquid exceeds the surface tension of the raw material liquid, a phenomenon occurs in which the raw material liquid is explosively stretched linearly. .
- This phenomenon is an electrostatic stretching phenomenon. According to the electrostatic stretching phenomenon, nanofibers having a fiber diameter of sub-micron to nano order can be efficiently manufactured.
- the fiber diameter of the nanofiber to be generated varies depending on the state of the raw material liquid, the configuration of the emitter, the magnitude of the electric field formed by the charging means, and the like. Therefore, in the step of forming the porous sheet, a plurality of electrospinning units can be used to generate different nanofibers in each unit. For example, a plurality of types of nanofibers having different fiber diameters may be sequentially deposited on the main surface of the base sheet. Further, the fiber diameters of the nanofibers deposited on the main surface may be sequentially reduced from the base sheet side. Examples of a method for providing such gradation include a method using a plurality of electrospinning units that generate nanofibers having different fiber diameters.
- the nanofiber may be formed by using the first electrospinning unit disposed on the upstream side of the line and the second electrospinning unit disposed on the downstream side of the line.
- the nanofiber may be formed by using the first electrospinning unit disposed on the upstream side of the line and the second electrospinning unit disposed on the downstream side of the line.
- the fiber diameter of the nanofiber generated by the first electrospinning unit arranged on the upstream side may be intentionally larger than the fiber diameter of the nanofiber generated by the second electrospinning unit. it can.
- the fiber diameter of the nanofiber generated by the first electrospinning unit arranged on the upstream side can be intentionally made smaller than the fiber diameter of the nanofiber generated by the second electrospinning unit.
- the fiber diameter tends to increase in the vicinity of the boundary between the base sheet and the porous layer formed of nanofibers. Therefore, when changing the fiber diameter of the porous layer, it is easier to achieve the intended structure by generating nanofibers having a larger fiber diameter on the upstream side.
- the method for producing a nanofiber sheet may include a step (a2) of removing the base sheet in the step (A) or after the step (A).
- the kind of base sheet is not limited.
- the main surface of the base material sheet may be subjected to a known release treatment such as coating with a release agent or roughening so that the porous sheet is easily peeled off.
- Porous sheet joining step The formed porous sheet is subjected to a joining step (B).
- the bonding step (B) the pair of porous sheets are bonded in a state where the surfaces that have been in contact with the main surface of the base sheet are opposed to each other, thereby forming a nanofiber sheet.
- the first porous sheet and the separately formed second porous sheet may be joined with the surfaces in contact with the main surfaces of the respective base material sheets facing each other.
- first and second porous sheets may be formed in parallel, and the surfaces that have been in contact with the main surfaces of the respective base material sheets may be faced and bonded to each other continuously.
- first and second porous sheets are conveyed from the upstream side in the first and second lines, respectively, and the main surface of the substrate sheet of the first and second porous sheets conveyed
- the contacting surfaces may be joined to face each other on the downstream side of the line.
- the bonding is performed before the nanofibers are completely solidified in the vicinity of the surface of at least the main surface of the base sheet of the pair of porous sheets.
- the nanofibers of one porous sheet and the nanofibers of the other porous sheet may be fused.
- bonding is performed in a state where the nanofiber contains a solvent in the vicinity of the surface of the pair of porous sheets that are in contact with at least the main surface of the base sheet.
- the nanofiber of the sheet and the nanofiber of the other porous sheet may be welded.
- the pair of porous sheets may be joined by a known joining method using thermocompression bonding or an adhesive.
- the manufacturing method of the nanofiber sheet is, for example, (I) supplying a base sheet to the nanofiber formation space; (Ii) In the nanofiber formation space, nanofibers are generated by electrostatic force from a raw material solution containing a solvent and a resin raw material dissolved in the solvent, and the generated nanofibers are deposited on the main surface of the base sheet, Forming a porous sheet having a matrix structure of: (Iii) A pair of porous sheets joined with the surfaces that were in contact with the main surface of the base sheet facing each other, and the surfaces that were not in contact with the main surface of the base sheet of the pair of porous sheets Forming a nanofiber sheet as a first surface and a second surface opposite to the first surface, respectively.
- the pair of porous sheets are joined in a state where at least the surface of the pair of porous sheets in contact with the main surface of the base sheet contains a solvent, You may weld a fiber and the nanofiber of the other porous sheet.
- the charging means includes a voltage applying device 43 that applies a voltage to the emitter 42 and a counter electrode 44 that is installed in parallel with the second transport conveyor 41.
- the counter electrode 44 is grounded. Thereby, a potential difference (for example, 20 to 200 kV) corresponding to the voltage applied by the voltage application device 43 can be provided between the emitter 42 and the counter electrode 44.
- the configuration of the charging unit is not particularly limited.
- the counter electrode 44 may not necessarily be grounded.
- the belt portion of the second conveyor 41 may be a dielectric.
- the nanofibers tend to be concentrated slightly on the collector portion near the discharge port of the emitter 42. From the viewpoint of more uniformly dispersing the nanofibers in the collector portion, it is more desirable to form the belt portion of the second conveyor 41 with a dielectric.
- the counter electrode 44 may be brought into contact with the inner peripheral surface of the belt portion (the surface opposite to the surface in contact with the base sheet S). Due to such contact, dielectric polarization occurs inside the belt portion, and a uniform charge is generated on the contact surface with the base sheet S. Thereby, the possibility that nanofibers concentrate and deposit on a part of the main surface Sa of the base sheet S is further reduced.
- FIG. 4A is a top view schematically showing the configuration of the porous sheet forming apparatus 40.
- the emitter 42 is installed so as to be perpendicular to the moving direction of the base sheet S (the direction of the white arrow in FIG. 4A).
- the emitting body 42 has a longitudinal direction of the base material due to the second support body 49 extending downward from the first support body 48 parallel to the moving direction of the base material sheet S installed above the porous sheet forming apparatus 40.
- the sheet S is supported so as to be parallel to the main surface Sa.
- FIG. 3 only one porous sheet forming apparatus 40 is provided and the number of the emitters 42 included in one porous sheet forming apparatus 40 is two.
- the number and the number of emitters 42 included in one porous sheet forming apparatus 40 are not particularly limited.
- a manufacturing system 200 in which two porous sheet forming apparatuses 40 are continuously provided may be configured. That is, a set of two porous sheet forming apparatuses 40 may function as one electrospinning mechanism.
- the electrospinning mechanism can be considered to have a first electrospinning unit 40A disposed on the upstream side of the line and a second electrospinning unit 40B disposed on the downstream side of the line.
- the porous structure can be composed of nanofibers having a large fiber diameter, and the side opposite to the base material sheet S can be composed of nanofibers having a small fiber diameter.
- the average Dc of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers at the center portion in the thickness direction of the nanofiber sheet is further increased.
- the average Ds1 and Ds2 of the maximum fiber diameters of the nanofibers in the vicinity of the first and second surfaces can be further reduced.
- the number of different fiber layers is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 to 5 layers, more preferably 2 to 3 layers.
- the porous sheet P1 When the porous sheet P1 is formed on the surface of the base sheet S in the porous sheet forming apparatus 40, the porous sheet P1 is transported to the next step in the direction of the arrow in the figure, and the base sheet S Is peeled from the porous sheet P1 and collected on the supply reel 22 of the base sheet S.
- the occurrence of a spark that may occur when the base sheet S and the roll of the second transport conveyor 41 are peeled is suppressed at a position where the base sheet S and the second transport conveyor 41 are separated (peeled).
- a static eliminator that neutralizes the base sheet S may be provided.
- a suction duct that sucks nanofibers in the vicinity of the window between the porous sheet forming device 40 and each device adjacent thereto so that the nanofibers generated in the nanofiber forming space are not released to the outside. May be provided.
- the porous sheet (first porous sheet) P1 carried out from the porous sheet forming apparatus 40 is transferred to the porous sheet joining apparatus 50 arranged on the further downstream side.
- the porous sheet P1 is transferred such that the surface on the side not in contact with the base sheet S1 is in contact with the peripheral surface of the pressure roller 51a among the pair of pressure rollers 51a and 51b.
- the porous sheet bonding apparatus 50 moves the second porous sheet P2 in the direction of the arrow in the figure so as to cover the surface of the conveyed porous sheet P1. Supply in between.
- the 1st porous sheet P1 and the 2nd porous sheet P2 are supplied so that it may be in the state where the surfaces which were contacting each base material sheet were made to oppose.
- the first porous sheet P1 is preferably in a state where the surface is dry and the base sheet S side is slightly moistened.
- the 1st porous sheet P1 and the 2nd porous sheet P2 pass through the gap between a pair of joining rollers 51a and 51b in the state where it laminated, and the 1st porous sheet P1 and the 2nd porous sheet P2 is pressed and integrated to complete the nanofiber sheet.
- the fibers on the surface of the first porous sheet P1 When the porous sheets P1 and P2 are pressure-bonded, when the vicinity of the surface of the first porous sheet P1 contains a solvent, the fibers on the surface of the first porous sheet P1 Two fibers on the surface of the porous sheet P2 are welded.
- the vicinity of the surface of the second porous sheet P2 may also contain a solvent.
- the pressure bonding by the joining rollers 51a and 51b can be performed while heating.
- the completed nanofiber sheet F is collected by the collection device 70 via the conveyance roller 71.
- the collection device 70 has a built-in collection reel 72 that scrapes the conveyed nanofiber sheet F.
- the collection reel 72 is rotationally driven by a motor 74.
- the motor 74 that rotates the base material sheet supply device 20 and the recovery device 70 that recovers the nanofiber sheet is used to transport the base material sheet S passing through the manufacturing line, and the porous material.
- the rotation speed is controlled so that the sheet conveyance speed is constant. Thereby, the base material sheet S and the porous sheet are conveyed while maintaining a predetermined tension.
- Such control is performed by a control device (not shown) provided in the manufacturing system 100.
- the control device is configured to control and manage each device constituting the manufacturing system 100 in an integrated manner.
- nanofiber sheet manufacturing system is merely an example of a manufacturing system that can be used to carry out the method of manufacturing the nanofiber sheet (or battery separator) of the present invention.
- a nanofiber is generated in a nanofiber formation space and deposited on a main surface of a base sheet to form a porous sheet having a nanofiber matrix structure; As long as it has the process of making the surface which contacted the base material sheet of the quality sheet face each other, joining, and forming a nanofiber sheet, it is not specifically limited.
- the step of supplying the base sheet to the nanofiber formation space is not limited to the step of rolling out the roll-shaped base sheet S by the base sheet supply device and supplying the base sheet S to the uppermost stream of the production line.
- a production line integrated with an apparatus for producing the base sheet S can also be used. In that case, you may supply the base material sheet S immediately after manufacture to a porous sheet forming apparatus as it is.
- the emitter may be formed into a hollow annular body such as a bicycle tire tube, and the raw material liquid may be accommodated in the hollow. If a plurality of discharge ports are provided along the outer peripheral surface of the hollow annular body and the annular body is rotated around the center, the raw material liquid can be discharged from the discharge port by centrifugal force. In that case, if the moving direction of the raw material liquid in the space is controlled by air blowing or the like, nanofibers can be deposited on a predetermined collector portion.
- the step of joining the first and second porous sheets may be performed by any method.
- the method for producing a nanofiber sheet of the present invention is particularly suitable for producing a battery separator, but can also be used for producing a nanofiber sheet used for various other applications.
- the nanofiber sheet conveys the long first and second substrate sheets from the upstream to the downstream of the first and second lines, respectively, and on the upstream side, the main fibers of the first and second substrate sheets It can also be manufactured by a manufacturing method in which the first and second porous sheets are formed on the surfaces and the first and second porous sheets are opposed to each other on the downstream side.
- Such a manufacturing method is, for example, (I) conveying the first and second substrate sheets to the nanofiber formation space upstream of the first and second lines; (Ii) In the nanofiber formation space, nanofibers are generated by electrostatic force from a raw material liquid containing a solvent and a resin raw material dissolved in the solvent, and the main of the first and second substrate sheets conveyed with the generated nanofibers Forming first and second porous sheets having a matrix structure of nanofibers, each deposited on a surface; (Iii) removing the first and second substrate sheets from the conveyed first and second porous sheets on the downstream side of the first and second lines; (Iv) On the further downstream side of the first and second lines, the surfaces of the first and second porous sheets to be conveyed that are in contact with the main surfaces of the first and second substrate sheets are opposed to each other. And forming a nanofiber sheet.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing a configuration of a manufacturing system for carrying out a method for manufacturing a battery separator (or nanofiber sheet) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the base sheet supply device 20A is provided in the uppermost stream of the first line
- the base sheet supply device 20B is provided in the uppermost stream of the second line.
- the manufacturing system 300 does not supply the second porous sheet P2 from the supply reel 52a of the porous sheet joining apparatus 50 in the manufacturing system 100 of FIG.
- the manufacturing system 100 is the same as the manufacturing system 100 of FIG.
- the second porous sheet P2 is formed in the same manner as the first porous sheet P1. Specifically, it is formed as follows. First, the base sheet supply apparatus 20B supplies the second base sheet S2 wound around the supply reel 22b to the first transport conveyor 21b by the rotation of the supply reel 22b by the motor 24b. The first conveyor 21b transfers the second base sheet S2 that has been spun out to the porous sheet forming apparatus 80 located downstream of the base sheet supplying apparatus 20B in the second line, and the porous sheet forming apparatus In 80, a porous sheet (second porous sheet P2) is formed by the same mechanism as the porous sheet forming apparatus 40.
- the first and second porous sheets P1 and P2 are respectively formed by the conveyors 41 and 81, respectively. Supplied to the process. Then, the first and second base sheets S1 and S2 are removed from the porous sheets P1 and P2, respectively, and collected on the supply reels 22a and 22b.
- a porous sheet joining apparatus 50A is disposed further downstream of the first and second lines.
- the first porous sheet P1 conveyed from the porous sheet forming apparatus 40 in the first line and the second porous sheet P2 conveyed from the porous sheet forming apparatus 80 in the second line are first and second. It is supplied between the pair of joining rollers 51a and 51b so that the surfaces that have been in contact with the main surfaces S1a and S2a of the base sheets S1 and S2 face each other.
- the first and second porous sheets pass through the gap between the pair of bonding rollers 51a and 51b. P1 and P2 are pressed and integrated to complete a nanofiber sheet.
- the completed nanofiber sheet F is recovered by the recovery device 70 in the same manner as in FIG. Also in the manufacturing system as shown in FIG. 6, according to the case of FIG. 3, the conveyance speed of the base sheets S1 and S2, the porous sheets P1 and P2, etc. may be controlled to be constant by a control device (not shown). In addition, a preliminary recovery unit may be disposed between the porous sheet bonding apparatus 50A and the nanofiber sheet recovery apparatus 70 in the same manner as described above.
- nanofiber sheet is suitable for a battery separator because it has excellent surface properties and there is no significant difference between the properties of both surfaces.
- nanofiber sheets are useful in various fields such as filters, ion exchange membranes, medical materials, sensors, catalysts, and reinforcing materials.
- 1 nanofiber sheet
- 1a first surface
- 1b near first surface
- 2a second surface
- 2b near second surface
- P1 first porous sheet
- P2 second porous sheet
- 3a Bonding surface
- 3 Center part of nanofiber sheet in thickness direction
- 40, 80 porous sheet forming apparatus
- 40A first electrospinning unit
- 40B second electrospinning unit
- 42, 82 discharge body
- 42a discharge port
- 43, 83 Voltage application device
- 44, 84 Counter electrode
- 45a, 85a Raw material liquid tank
- 48, 88 First support
- 49, 89 Second support
- 50, 50A Porous sheet joining apparatus
- 51a, 51b joining roller
- 52a supply reel
- 52b transport roller
- 71 transport roller
- 72 collection reel
- S base material sheet
- S1 first base material sheet
- S2 second base material sheet
- Sa main surface of base material sheet
- S1a main surface of first base material sheet
- S2a first base material sheet Main surface
- P1 first porous sheet
- P2 second porous sheet
- F nanofiber sheet (battery separator)
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Cell Separators (AREA)
- Secondary Cells (AREA)
Abstract
Description
電池は、正極と、負極と、正極および負極の間に介在するセパレータと、電解質とを具備する。そして、セパレータとして、電界紡糸法により形成されたナノファイバのマトリックス構造を有し、かつ第1表面およびその反対側の第2表面を有するシート形状を有するもの(以下、単にナノファイバシートともいう)を用いる。
ナノファイバ不織布は、従来、電界紡糸法などにより、基材上にナノファイバを堆積させることにより作製される。そのため、基材の表面に接するナノファイバは、基材の表面の形状が転写されて、少し押し潰された状態になる。これにより、得られる不織布は、基材に接する側の表面の繊維が平らな状態となる。この平らな状態の繊維表面を有する不織布を、電池用セパレータとして用いると、平らな状態の繊維表面が電極と接した状態となり、接触面積が大きくなるので、接触抵抗が大きくなる。その結果、充放電特性などの電池特性が低下する。
図1に示されるように、ナノファイバシート1は、第1表面1aと、第1表面1aとは反対側の第2表面2aとを有しており、第1多孔質シートP1と第2多孔質シートP2とを貼り合わせた構造を有している。第1多孔質シートP1と、第2多孔質シートP2とは、基材シートの主面に接触していた表面同士を対向させて接合される。そのため、接合面3aの近傍(具体的には、ナノファイバシート1の厚さ方向の中心部)3では、繊維が少し押し潰された状態となっている。
ナノファイバシートの面方向における最大繊維径とは、1本のナノファイバの繊維断面(繊維の幅方向の断面)を見たときに、ナノファイバシートの面方向における繊維幅のうち、最も大きなものを意味する。最大繊維径の平均とは、ナノファイバシートの厚さ方向の断面において、任意に選択した複数本(例えば、10本)のナノファイバの最大繊維径の平均値を意味する。なお、ナノファイバシートの面方向における最大繊維径を、単に、最大繊維径と称する場合がある。
最大繊維径の平均Dcは、例えば、60nm~2μm、好ましくは100nm~1.2μm、さらに好ましくは200~1000nmである。
ナノファイバシートにおいて、第1表面近傍における空隙率Ps1と、第2表面近傍における空隙率Ps2とは、0.9≦Ps1/Ps2≦1.1を満たすのが好ましく、0.95≦Ps1/Ps2≦1.05を満たすのがさらに好ましい。Ps1およびPs2がこのような関係を満たす場合、ナノファイバシートの両表面の物性を、より均一にすることができるため、有利である。
ナノファイバシートのマトリックス構造において、ナノファイバ同士は、接点において、互いに接着した状態であってもよく、接着することなく分離していてもよい。ナノファイバ同士は、マトリックス構造中、ランダムに接着していてもよい。
ナノファイバシートでは、両表面の近傍よりも、厚さ方向の中心部近傍において、ナノファイバ同士の接着が多くなっていてもよい。
溶融ポリマーを用いた電界紡糸では、ナノファイバが堆積する際に、完全に固化していないナノファイバ同士が接触した状態で固化すると、接点において、ナノファイバ同士が融着した状態となる。
ナノファイバは、必要に応じて、ポリマー以外に、公知の添加剤を含んでもよい。添加剤の含有量は、例えば、ナノファイバシートの5質量%以下である。
電池の種類は、特に制限されず、マンガン乾電池、アルカリ乾電池、リチウム一次電池などの一次電池;ニッケルカドミウム電池、ニッケル水素電池、リチウムイオン電池などの二次電池が例示できる。ナノファイバシートは、表面の接触抵抗が小さいことにより充放電性の低下を抑制できるため、特に、二次電池用セパレータとして使用するのに適している。二次電池の中でも、特に、リチウムイオン電池が好ましい。
電池の電極、電極活物質、電解質などは、電池の種類に応じて、適宜選択できる。
以下に、リチウムイオン電池を例に挙げて、電池の構成要素を説明する。
リチウムイオン電池において、正極は、リチウムイオンの吸蔵および放出が可能な正極活物質を含み、負極は、リチウムイオンの吸蔵および放出が可能な負極活物質を含む。正極および負極は、電池の形状に応じて、それぞれ、各活物質を含むペレットであってもよく、シート状の集電体と、この表面に形成された、各活物質を含む活物質層とを有してもよい。ペレット状の電極や活物質層は、活物質と、結着剤とを含有してもよい。
正極集電体の材質としては、例えば、ステンレス鋼、アルミニウム、アルミニウム合金、チタンなどが挙げられる。正極集電体は、無孔の導電性基板または複数の貫通孔を有する多孔性の導電性基板であってもよい。正極集電体の厚さは、例えば、3~50μmの範囲から選択できる。
上記式のリチウム遷移金属酸化物のうち、LiNi1/2Mn1/2O2、LiNiO2、LiNi1/2Fe1/2O2、LiNi0.8Co0.15Al0.05O2、LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2、LiCoO2、LiMnO2などが好ましい。
結着剤の割合は、正極活物質100質量部当たり、例えば、0.1~10質量部、好ましくは1~5質量部である。
負極集電体としては、例えば、銅箔、銅合金箔などが例示できる。負極集電体は、無孔性であってもよく、多孔性であってもよい。負極集電体の形状および厚さは、正極集電体の場合と同様である。
負極活物質としては、リチウムイオンを可逆的に吸蔵および放出し得る各種材料、例えば、黒鉛型結晶構造を有する材料、易黒鉛化炭素、難黒鉛化炭素などの炭素質材料;ケイ素;ケイ素酸化物などのケイ素含有化合物;Sn、Al、Znおよび/またはMgなどを含むリチウム合金などが例示できる。これらの負極活物質は、1種を単独でまたは2種以上を組み合わせて使用できる。
負極活物質として黒鉛型結晶構造を有する材料などの炭素質材料を用いる場合、その粒子は、セルロース誘導体、ポリアクリル酸、ポリビニルアルコールなどの水溶性高分子で被覆してもよい。
負極活物質層は、負極集電体の一方の表面に形成してもよく、両方の表面に形成してもよい。負極の厚さは、例えば、100~250μmである。
リチウムイオン電池において、電解質は、リチウムイオン伝導性を有する非水電解質である。
非水電解質は、非水溶媒と、非水溶媒に溶解したリチウム塩とを含む。
リチウムイオン電池は、電池の形状などに応じて、公知の方法により製造できる。円筒型電池または角型電池では、例えば、正極と、負極と、これらの間に配されるセパレータとを捲回して電極群を形成し、電極群および非水電解質を電池ケースに収容することにより製造できる。
円筒型電池は、円筒型電池ケース11内に、電極群14および図示しない電解質を収容し、電池ケース11の開口部を、封口板12で封口することにより製造できる。
ナノファイバシートは、電界紡糸法により、基材シートの主面にナノファイバを堆積させて多孔質シートを形成する工程(A)と、一対の多孔質シートの基材シートの主面と接触していた表面同士を対向させて接合する工程(B)とを経ることにより製造できる。
ナノファイバシートの製造方法は、さらに、工程(A)に先だって、基材シートを、ナノファイバを形成させる空間(ナノファイバ形成空間)に配置または供給する工程(a)、および/または、工程(B)の後に、完成したシートを回収する工程(C)を有していてもよい。
多孔質シートは、電界紡糸法により形成できる。多孔質シートを形成する工程(A)は、具体的には、ナノファイバ形成空間において、樹脂原料(前記例示のポリマー)などの高分子物質を含む原料液から、静電気力によりナノファイバを生成させるとともに、生成したナノファイバを基材シートの主面に堆積させて、ナノファイバのマトリックス構造を有する多孔質シートを形成する工程であってもよい。
溶媒は、樹脂原料を溶解可能で、揮発などにより除去可能なものであれば特に制限されず、樹脂原料の種類に応じて、適宜選択できる。溶媒としては、各種有機溶媒、例えば、アセトンなどのケトン;アセトニトリルなどのニトリル;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドなどのアミド;テトラヒドロフランなどのエーテル;ジメチルスルホキシドなどのスルホキシド;NMPなどが例示できる。非プロトン性極性溶媒が好ましい。
基材シートの種類は限定されない。基材シートの主面には、多孔質シートが剥離しやすいように、離型剤のコーティング、粗面化などの公知の離型処理が施されていてもよい。
形成された多孔質シートは、接合工程(B)に供される。接合工程(B)では、一対の多孔質シートが、基材シートの主面と接していた表面同士を対向させた状態で接合され、ナノファイバシートが形成される。
また、一対の多孔質シートは、熱圧着や接着剤などを用いた公知の接合方法により、接合させてもよい。
ナノファイバシートの製造方法は、例えば、
(i)基材シートをナノファイバ形成空間に供給する工程と、
(ii)ナノファイバ形成空間において、溶媒および溶媒に溶解した樹脂原料を含む原料液から静電気力によりナノファイバを生成させるとともに、生成したナノファイバを基材シートの主面に堆積させて、ナノファイバのマトリックス構造を有する多孔質シートを形成する工程と、
(iii)一対の多孔質シートを、基材シートの主面と接触していた表面同士を対向させて接合し、一対の多孔質シートの基材シートの主面と接触していなかった表面をそれぞれ第1表面およびその反対側の第2表面とするナノファイバシートを形成する工程と、を有する。
図3の製造システム100は、ナノファイバシートを製造するための製造ラインを構成している。製造システム100では、基材シートSが製造ラインの上流から下流に搬送される。搬送途中の基材シートSには、多孔質シートP1の形成が随時行われる。
本発明のナノファイバシートの製造方法は、特に、電池用セパレータの製造に適しているが、他の様々な用途に使用されるナノファイバシートの製造にも利用できる。
(i)第1および第2基材シートを、第1および第2ラインの上流側のナノファイバ形成空間に搬送する工程と、
(ii)ナノファイバ形成空間において、溶媒および溶媒に溶解した樹脂原料を含む原料液から静電気力によりナノファイバを生成させるとともに、生成したナノファイバを搬送される第1および第2基材シートの主面にそれぞれ堆積させて、ナノファイバのマトリックス構造を有する第1および第2多孔質シートを形成する工程と、
(iii)第1および第2ラインの下流側で、搬送される第1および第2多孔質シートから第1および第2基材シートを除去する工程と、
(iv)第1および第2ラインの更に下流側で、搬送される第1および第2多孔質シートの第1および第2基材シートの主面と接触していた表面同士を対向させて接合してナノファイバシートを形成する工程と、を有する。
図6の製造システム300は、第1ラインの最上流に、基材シート供給装置20Aが設けられているとともに、第2ラインの最上流に、基材シート供給装置20Bが設けられている。製造システム300は、図3の製造システム100において、第2多孔質シートP2を、多孔質シート接合装置50の供給リール52aから供給せずに、第1多孔質シートと並行して同様に製造しながら、連続的に、一対の接合ローラ51a,51b間に供給する以外は、図3の製造システム100と同様である。
図6に示すような製造システムでも、図3の場合に準じて、図示しない制御装置により、基材シートS1およびS2、多孔質シートP1およびP2などの搬送速度を一定に制御してもよい。また、多孔質シート接合装置50Aと、ナノファイバシート回収装置70との間に、上記と同様に、予備回収部を配置してもよい。
20,20A,20B:基材シート供給装置、21,21a,21b:第1搬送コンベア、22,22a,22b:供給リール、
70:回収装置、71:搬送ローラ、72:回収リール、
Claims (14)
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極および前記負極の間に介在するセパレータと、電解質と、を具備し、
前記セパレータが、電界紡糸法により形成されたナノファイバのマトリックス構造を有し、かつ第1表面およびその反対側の第2表面を有するシート形状を有し、
前記ナノファイバの前記セパレータの面方向における最大繊維径の平均を、前記第1表面近傍および前記第2表面近傍と、前記セパレータの厚さ方向の中心部とで比較したとき、前記第1表面近傍における前記ナノファイバの最大繊維径の平均Ds1および前記第2表面近傍における前記ナノファイバの最大繊維径の平均Ds2が、前記セパレータの厚さ方向の中心部における前記ナノファイバの最大繊維径の平均Dcより小さくなっている、電池。 - 1.1≦Dc/Ds1≦2.5、および1.1≦Dc/Ds2≦2.5の関係を充足する、請求項1記載の電池。
- 前記セパレータの平均の空隙率Pが、50~95%である、請求項1または2記載の電池。
- 前記最大繊維径の平均Dcが、60nm~2μmである、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電池。
- 前記最大繊維径の平均Ds1と、前記最大繊維径の平均Ds2とが、0.9≦Ds1/Ds2≦1.1を満たし、前記第1表面近傍における前記セパレータの空隙率Ps1と、前記第2表面近傍における前記セパレータの空隙率Ps2とが、0.9≦Ps1/Ps2≦1.1を満たす、請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の電池。
- 前記セパレータの厚さ方向の中心を境界にして、前記セパレータを前記第1表面側の第1領域と、前記第2表面側の第2領域とに区分するとき、前記第1領域と前記第2領域は、前記境界に対して対称な構造を有する、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電池。
- 前記マトリックス構造において、前記ナノファイバ同士がランダムに溶着している、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電池。
- 前記ナノファイバは、オレフィン樹脂、フッ素樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、およびポリイミド樹脂よりなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電池。
- 前記正極が、リチウムイオンの吸蔵および放出が可能な正極活物質を含み、
前記負極が、リチウムイオンの吸蔵および放出が可能な負極活物質を含み、
前記電解質が、リチウムイオン伝導性を有する非水電解質である、請求項1~8のいずれか1項に記載の電池。 - 電界紡糸法により形成されたナノファイバのマトリックス構造を有し、かつ第1表面およびその反対側の第2表面を有するシート形状の電池用セパレータであって、
前記ナノファイバの前記セパレータの面方向における最大繊維径の平均を、前記第1表面近傍および前記第2表面近傍と、前記セパレータの厚さ方向の中心部とで比較したとき、前記第1表面近傍における前記ナノファイバの最大繊維径の平均Ds1および前記第2表面近傍における前記ナノファイバの最大繊維径の平均Ds2が、前記セパレータの厚さ方向の中心部における前記ナノファイバの最大繊維径の平均Dcより小さくなっている、電池用セパレータ。 - (i)基材シートをナノファイバ形成空間に供給する工程と、
(ii)前記ナノファイバ形成空間において、溶媒および前記溶媒に溶解した樹脂原料を含む原料液から静電気力によりナノファイバを生成させるとともに、前記生成したナノファイバを前記基材シートの主面に堆積させて、ナノファイバのマトリックス構造を有する多孔質シートを形成する工程と、
(iii)一対の前記多孔質シートを、前記基材シートの主面と接触していた表面同士を対向させて接合し、前記一対の多孔質シートの前記基材シートの主面と接触していなかった表面をそれぞれ第1表面およびその反対側の第2表面とする電池用セパレータを形成する工程と、を有する、電池用セパレータの製造方法。 - 前記工程(iii)において、前記一対の多孔質シートの少なくとも前記基材シートの主面と接触していた表面近傍が前記溶媒を含んだ状態で、前記一対の多孔質シートを接合し、一方の前記多孔質シートのナノファイバと、他方の前記多孔質シートのナノファイバとを溶着させる、請求項11記載の電池用セパレータの製造方法。
- 第1および第2ラインの上流から下流にそれぞれ長尺の第1および第2基材シートを搬送し、上流側で、前記第1および第2基材シートの主面にそれぞれ第1および第2多孔質シートを形成し、下流側で、前記第1および第2多孔質シートを対向させて接合する、電池用セパレータの製造方法であって、
(i)前記第1および第2基材シートを、前記第1および第2ラインの上流側のナノファイバ形成空間に搬送する工程と、
(ii)前記ナノファイバ形成空間において、溶媒および前記溶媒に溶解した樹脂原料を含む原料液から静電気力によりナノファイバを生成させるとともに、前記生成したナノファイバを搬送される前記第1および第2基材シートの主面にそれぞれ堆積させて、ナノファイバのマトリックス構造を有する第1および第2多孔質シートを形成する工程と、
(iii)前記第1および第2ラインの下流側で、搬送される前記第1および第2多孔質シートから前記第1および第2基材シートを除去する工程と、
(iv)前記第1および第2ラインの更に下流側で、搬送される前記第1および第2多孔質シートの前記第1および第2基材シートの主面と接触していた表面同士を対向させて接合してナノファイバシートを形成する工程と、を有する、電池用セパレータの製造方法。 - 前記工程(iv)において、前記第1および第2多孔質シートの少なくとも前記第1および第2基材シートの主面と接触していた表面近傍が前記溶媒を含んだ状態で、前記第1および第2多孔質シートを接合し、前記第1多孔質シートのナノファイバと、前記第2多孔質シートのナノファイバとを溶着させる、請求項13記載の電池用セパレータの製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201380000997.4A CN103582964B (zh) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-01-16 | 电池、电池用隔膜及电池用隔膜的制造方法 |
| JP2013526020A JP5355828B1 (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-01-16 | 電池、電池用セパレータおよび電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
| US14/110,419 US9059453B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-01-16 | Battery, battery separator and method for producing battery separator |
| US14/708,590 US20150243951A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2015-05-11 | Battery, battery separator and method for producing battery separator |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012123712 | 2012-05-30 | ||
| JP2012-123712 | 2012-05-30 |
Related Child Applications (2)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US14/110,419 A-371-Of-International US9059453B2 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-01-16 | Battery, battery separator and method for producing battery separator |
| US14/708,590 Division US20150243951A1 (en) | 2012-05-30 | 2015-05-11 | Battery, battery separator and method for producing battery separator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2013179526A1 true WO2013179526A1 (ja) | 2013-12-05 |
Family
ID=49672761
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/000158 Ceased WO2013179526A1 (ja) | 2012-05-30 | 2013-01-16 | 電池、電池用セパレータおよび電池用セパレータの製造方法 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US9059453B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP5355828B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN103582964B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013179526A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10396351B2 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2019-08-27 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Negative electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method of producing negative electrode active material particles |
| US12340496B2 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2025-06-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Inspection system and inspection method for secondary battery |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2015140902A1 (ja) * | 2014-03-17 | 2015-09-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 非水電解質二次電池および電池パック |
| KR20200058600A (ko) | 2014-06-26 | 2020-05-27 | 이엠디 밀리포어 코포레이션 | 개선된 먼지 포집 능력을 갖는 필터 구조 |
| CA2911742C (en) * | 2014-11-19 | 2017-10-31 | Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method of manufacturing the same |
| WO2016103758A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-25 | 2016-06-30 | 住友化学株式会社 | セパレータ製造方法及びスリット方法 |
| CN104716287A (zh) * | 2015-03-19 | 2015-06-17 | 博裕纤维科技(苏州)有限公司 | 一种堆积式纤维层电池隔膜生产装置 |
| JP6381652B2 (ja) | 2016-04-15 | 2018-08-29 | 住友化学株式会社 | 多孔質セパレータ長尺、その製造方法、捲回体及びリチウムイオン電池 |
| JP6848051B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-28 | 2021-03-24 | 株式会社東芝 | 電極構造体および二次電池 |
| US12186713B2 (en) | 2017-07-21 | 2025-01-07 | Merck Millipore Ltd. | Non-woven fiber membranes |
| CN110016723A (zh) * | 2019-04-08 | 2019-07-16 | 深圳先进技术研究院 | 一种介电复合材料、其制备方法及平板型电容器 |
| WO2025240557A1 (en) * | 2024-05-15 | 2025-11-20 | AM Batteries, Inc. | System for dual side dry powder coating battery electrode fabrication |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11126595A (ja) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-05-11 | Nippon Glass Fiber Co Ltd | アルカリ電池セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2002124242A (ja) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-26 | Daiwabo Co Ltd | 電池用セパレータとその製造方法およびこれを組み込んだ電池 |
| JP2010500717A (ja) * | 2006-08-07 | 2010-01-07 | コリア インスティテュート オブ サイエンス アンド テクノロジー | 耐熱性超極細繊維状分離膜及びそれを利用した二次電池 |
| WO2010007762A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Fukuhara Yasuhiro | 合成樹脂製不織布を含む異種材料の積層方法 |
| JP2010504444A (ja) * | 2006-09-20 | 2010-02-12 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 改良されたナノウェブ |
| WO2010027063A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-11 | ダイワボウホールディングス株式会社 | 繊維集合物、導電性基材と繊維集合物との複合体及びそれらの製造方法 |
| WO2012008559A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-19 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータ及びそれを用いてなるリチウムイオン二次電池 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US7063917B2 (en) * | 2001-02-21 | 2006-06-20 | Ahlstrom Mount Holly Springs, Llc | Laminated battery separator material |
| CN100380534C (zh) * | 2003-03-28 | 2008-04-09 | 住友化学株式会社 | 高分子电解质膜的连续制造方法及其制造装置 |
| KR20050119661A (ko) * | 2003-03-28 | 2005-12-21 | 스미또모 가가꾸 가부시키가이샤 | 고분자 전해질 막의 연속적 제조 방법 및 그 제조 장치 |
| DE102006021273A1 (de) * | 2006-05-05 | 2007-11-08 | Carl Freudenberg Kg | Separator zur Anordnung in Batterien und Batterie |
| AU2007282415B2 (en) * | 2006-08-10 | 2011-02-17 | Mitsui Chemicals Asahi Life Materials Co. Ltd. | Separator for energy device and energy device having the same |
| DE112008000379T5 (de) * | 2007-02-21 | 2010-01-07 | Panasonic Corporation, Kadoma-shi | Nanofaser-Herstellungseinrichtung |
| JP2008218125A (ja) * | 2007-03-02 | 2008-09-18 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | リチウムイオン二次電池用負極およびリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JP2010225809A (ja) | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-07 | Mitsubishi Paper Mills Ltd | 電気化学素子用セパレータ電極一体型蓄電素子およびそれを用いてなる電気化学素子 |
| CN201495384U (zh) * | 2009-08-10 | 2010-06-02 | 常州市久联蓄电池材料有限公司 | 一种连续生产纳米纤维膜的装置 |
| KR20120109258A (ko) * | 2011-03-28 | 2012-10-08 | 삼성전기주식회사 | 이차 전지 섬유상 분리막 및 그 제조 방법 |
-
2013
- 2013-01-16 WO PCT/JP2013/000158 patent/WO2013179526A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-01-16 JP JP2013526020A patent/JP5355828B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-01-16 CN CN201380000997.4A patent/CN103582964B/zh active Active
- 2013-01-16 US US14/110,419 patent/US9059453B2/en active Active
-
2015
- 2015-05-11 US US14/708,590 patent/US20150243951A1/en not_active Abandoned
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH11126595A (ja) * | 1997-10-21 | 1999-05-11 | Nippon Glass Fiber Co Ltd | アルカリ電池セパレータおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2002124242A (ja) * | 2000-10-13 | 2002-04-26 | Daiwabo Co Ltd | 電池用セパレータとその製造方法およびこれを組み込んだ電池 |
| JP2010500717A (ja) * | 2006-08-07 | 2010-01-07 | コリア インスティテュート オブ サイエンス アンド テクノロジー | 耐熱性超極細繊維状分離膜及びそれを利用した二次電池 |
| JP2010504444A (ja) * | 2006-09-20 | 2010-02-12 | イー・アイ・デュポン・ドウ・ヌムール・アンド・カンパニー | 改良されたナノウェブ |
| WO2010007762A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-15 | 2010-01-21 | Fukuhara Yasuhiro | 合成樹脂製不織布を含む異種材料の積層方法 |
| WO2010027063A1 (ja) * | 2008-09-04 | 2010-03-11 | ダイワボウホールディングス株式会社 | 繊維集合物、導電性基材と繊維集合物との複合体及びそれらの製造方法 |
| WO2012008559A1 (ja) * | 2010-07-14 | 2012-01-19 | 三菱製紙株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータ及びそれを用いてなるリチウムイオン二次電池 |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US10396351B2 (en) * | 2014-01-16 | 2019-08-27 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Negative electrode material for non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and method of producing negative electrode active material particles |
| US12340496B2 (en) | 2021-08-27 | 2025-06-24 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Inspection system and inspection method for secondary battery |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9059453B2 (en) | 2015-06-16 |
| CN103582964A (zh) | 2014-02-12 |
| JPWO2013179526A1 (ja) | 2016-01-18 |
| CN103582964B (zh) | 2017-03-22 |
| US20140227602A1 (en) | 2014-08-14 |
| JP5355828B1 (ja) | 2013-11-27 |
| US20150243951A1 (en) | 2015-08-27 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP5355828B1 (ja) | 電池、電池用セパレータおよび電池用セパレータの製造方法 | |
| US9065122B2 (en) | Electrospinning for integrated separator for lithium-ion batteries | |
| US9346066B2 (en) | Non-woven polymer fiber mat for use in a lithium ion battery electrochemical cell | |
| US9028565B2 (en) | Composite separator for use in a lithium ion battery electrochemical cell | |
| US9138932B2 (en) | Electrode-separator integral segment for a lithium ion battery | |
| JP5529148B2 (ja) | 非水系電池用セパレータ及びそれを用いた非水系電池、ならびに非水系電池用セパレータの製造方法 | |
| JP5924540B2 (ja) | 耐熱性、高強度超極細繊維状分離膜およびその製造方法およびこれを利用した2次電池 | |
| US12272811B2 (en) | Method of manufacturing battery electrode | |
| US20120219841A1 (en) | Lithium ion cell design apparatus and method | |
| JP2013510389A5 (ja) | ||
| JP2006092829A (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池用セパレータおよびその製造方法とリチウムイオン二次電池 | |
| WO2015045533A1 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法、リチウムイオン二次電池の製造装置およびリチウムイオン二次電池 | |
| JP5984047B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン電池用セパレータ、リチウムイオン電池用の電極−セパレータ接合体、およびリチウムイオン電池 | |
| JP5909685B2 (ja) | ナノファイバシート、キャパシタ用セパレータ、キャパシタ、およびキャパシタ用セパレータの製造方法 | |
| JP5919554B2 (ja) | 高分子電解質膜、膜電極接合体、高分子電解質型燃料電池、および高分子電解質膜の製造方法 | |
| KR20200033511A (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 음극 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 이차전지 | |
| JP6081333B2 (ja) | リチウムイオン二次電池の製造方法およびリチウムイオン二次電池の製造装置 | |
| WO2012131972A1 (ja) | 非水電解質電池 | |
| KR102922381B1 (ko) | 리튬 이차전지용 세퍼레이터 및 이를 구비한 리튬 이차전지 | |
| JP2022116582A (ja) | 塗工体の製造方法および塗工体の製造装置 | |
| Pebenito et al. | c12) Patent Application Publication | |
| Clara et al. | c12) Patent Application Publication |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2013526020 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 14110419 Country of ref document: US |
|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 13797507 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 13797507 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |