WO2013170672A1 - Motor with concentrated winding, generator, and electric motor - Google Patents

Description

 Concentrated winding motor, generator and motor

 [Technical Field]

 The present invention relates to a permanent magnet motor for concentrated windings, and more particularly to a concentrated winding motor, a generator and an electric motor.

【Background technique】

 The rotor of a permanent magnet motor generally uses a rare earth permanent magnet, such as a neodymium iron boron permanent magnet. Rare earth permanent magnet materials are becoming scarcer and increasingly expensive, so it is necessary to reduce the amount of permanent magnets and increase the utilization rate of permanent magnets.

 The permanent magnet motor with concentrated winding can significantly improve the force energy index of the permanent magnet motor, such as: winding utilization rate, efficiency, power to volume ratio, torque volume ratio, etc., as well as improving the motor manufacturing process.

 However, the large positioning torque is still a problem of the concentrated winding permanent magnet motor. The better number of poles and the number of slots can suppress the positioning torque, so that there are very few options for the concentrated winding permanent magnet motor. The invention patent ZL200780009121.0 proposes a large, medium and small tooth stator structure to suppress the positioning torque; ZL200920204762.8 proposes that the optimal number of magnetic poles cooperate with the number of slots of the large and small teeth to suppress the positioning torque; The stator punching piece must adopt the block structure. After the block is wound, it is assembled into a stator body, or the small teeth are taken off and wound, and the small teeth are assembled. These methods are not able to achieve direct automatic winding, increasing the risk of process costs and process errors.

The ratio of the permanent magnet motor of the concentrated winding to the permanent magnet motor of the conventional distributed winding is at least three times less than the number of slots of the stator, that is, the number of slots of the permanent magnet motor of the concentrated winding is small and the slot distance is large, and the barrel motor can be The manufacturing process, but also makes the concentrated winding permanent magnet motor lose the possibility of using a slot pitch to effectively suppress the positioning torque, because the mechanical angle and electrical angle of the concentrated winding permanent magnet motor inclined by one slot are too large. Therefore, the most effective measures for suppressing the positioning torque of the traditional distributed winding permanent magnet motor, the concentrated winding permanent magnet motor can not be used, and the large positioning torque of the concentrated winding permanent magnet motor is still a big problem. [Summary of the Invention]

 In view of the above, the present invention provides a concentrated winding motor, a generator and an electric motor, which adopts a gap-type magnetic steel, saves materials, and uses the numerical optimization of the magnetic steel gap and the slot clearance to improve the positioning torque frequency and suppress the positioning. Torque amplitude, and by using the high-order waveform of the stator air gap surface, further increase the positioning torque frequency, achieve the purpose of homogenizing the air gap reluctance and suppress the positioning torque.

 The invention provides a concentrated winding motor, wherein a rotor block is affixed with a 2P block of Sm and a magnetic steel having a phase distribution of S, and the stator core is provided with Z slots and Z stator teeth, and the concentrated winding The size of the notch width Sc between two adjacent stator teeth of the motor and the distance Sm between two adjacent magnetic steels satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc= (0.83 ~ 1.3); the width of the magnetic steel τηι and The ratio of the pole distance τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ≥(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole distance τ=360 2Ρ, Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor; the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is The convex one concave one convex, the double convex wave shape or the convex one concave one convex one concave one convex, the three convex wave shape.

 According to the concentrated winding motor of the present invention, the motor is an inner rotor concentrated winding motor or an outer rotor concentrated winding motor.

 According to the concentrated winding motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2 Ρ=10, the number of slots Ζ=12, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex, biconvex sinusoidal waveform, amplitude of sine wave It is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor.

 According to the concentrated winding motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2 Ρ=10, the number of slots Ζ=12, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sinusoidal waveform, sine The amplitude of the wave is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor.

 According to the concentrated winding motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2Ρ=40, the number of slots is Ζ=36, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex, biconvex sinusoidal waveform, amplitude of sine wave It is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor.

According to the concentrated winding motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2 Ρ=40, the number of slots Ζ=36, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sine wave waveform, sine The amplitude of the wave is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. According to the concentrated winding motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2P=16, the number of slots Z=18, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sine wave waveform, sine The amplitude of the wave is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor.

 The invention also provides a generator, the rotor yoke is affixed with 2P blocks of Sm, N, S magnetically distributed magnetic steel, the stator core is provided with Z slots and Z stator teeth, the generator The size of the notch width Sc between two adjacent stator teeth and the distance Sm of two adjacent magnetic steels satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc=(0.83 - 1.3); the width of the magnetic steel τηι and the pole The ratio to τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ>(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole distance τ=360 2Ρ, Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor; the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex One concave and one convex, double convex wave shape or convex one concave one convex one concave one convex, three convex wave shape.

 According to the generator of the present invention, the generator is an inner rotor concentrated winding generator or an outer rotor concentrated winding generator.

 According to the generator of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2Ρ=10, and the number of slots is Ζ=12. The air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex, biconvex sinusoidal waveform, and the amplitude of the sine wave is The minimum air gap length δ of the motor is 0.3 to 1.5 times.

 According to the generator of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2 Ρ=10, the number of slots Ζ=12, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sinusoidal waveform, sine wave The amplitude is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor.

 According to the generator of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2Ρ=40, the number of slots is Ζ=36, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex, biconvex sinusoidal waveform, and the amplitude of the sine wave is The minimum air gap length δ of the motor is 0.3 to 1.5 times.

 According to the generator of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2 Ρ=40, the number of slots Ζ=36, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sinusoidal waveform, sine wave The amplitude is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor.

According to the generator of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2Ρ=16, the number of slots is Ζ=18, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sinusoidal waveform, sine wave The magnitude of the motor is the most The small air gap length δ is 0.3 to 1.5 times.

 The invention also provides an electric motor, the rotor yoke is affixed with a 2P block N and S polar magnetic steel with a spacing of Sm, the stator core is provided with Z slots and Z stator teeth, and the two motors The size of the notch width Sc between adjacent stator teeth and the spacing Sm of two adjacent magnetic steels satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc= (0.83 - 1.3); the width of the magnetic steel τηι and the pole distance τ Ratio, satisfying the constraint relationship: τηι/τ>(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole distance τ=360 2Ρ, Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor; the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex and concave A convex, double convex wave shape or convex one concave one convex one concave one convex, three convex wave shape.

 According to the electric motor of the present invention, the generator is an inner rotor concentrated winding generator or an outer rotor concentrated winding generator.

 According to the motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2Ρ=10, and the number of slots is Ζ=12. The air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex, biconvex sinusoidal waveform, and the amplitude of the sine wave is the motor. The minimum air gap length δ is 0.3 to 1.5 times.

 According to the motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2Ρ=10, and the number of slots is Ζ=12. The air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sinusoidal waveform, sine wave The amplitude is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor.

 According to the motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2Ρ=40, the number of slots is Ζ=36, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex, and the shape of the sinusoidal wave is the motor of the sine wave. The minimum air gap length δ is 0.3 to 1.5 times.

 According to the motor of the present invention, the number of poles of the motor is 2Ρ=40, the number of slots Ζ=36, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sinusoidal waveform, sine wave The amplitude is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor.

The concentrated winding motor of the invention uses the inter-type magnetic steel to save the magnetic steel, and the slot width Sc between the two teeth of the concentrated winding motor stator and the distance Sm of the two adjacent magnetic steels satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/ Sc= (0.83 ~ 1.3), different from the design concept of the traditional permanent magnet motor. The conventional permanent magnet motor design considers that the smaller the slot width Sc and the distance Sm of the magnetic steel, the smaller the positioning torque. The invention strengthens and utilizes magnetic The abrupt change of the magnetic field strength of the two edges of the steel pitch and the abrupt change of the magnetic resistance of the two edges of the slot, under the interaction of the two, double the frequency of the positioning torque. In general, the harmonic frequency is doubled and the harmonic amplitude is at least doubled. Therefore, the present invention increases the positioning torque frequency and can suppress the positioning torque amplitude. At the same time, the slot width Sc of the motor can be given by the artificial design, so that the motor slot can fully meet the requirements of direct automatic winding. The ratio of the width τηι of the magnetic steel to the pole distance τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ≥(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole distance τ=360 2Ρ, Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor, so that the amount of magnetic steel of the motor can be selected. The sinusoidality of the magnetic field of the concentrated winding motor is optimized to keep the torque constant.

 At the same time, in order to further suppress the positioning torque, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is designed to have a double convex wave shape, and the double convex wave shape here is equivalent to increasing the frequency of the magnetoresistance change of one stator tooth to 2Ζ. The frequency of the stator teeth; or the design is a three-convex wave shape, then the three-convex wave shape is equivalent to increasing the frequency of the magnetoresistance change of the stator teeth to the frequency of 3 stator teeth. The equivalent of the positioning torque period is changed to: Τσ=360/ ( 2Px2Z/c ) or Τσ=360/ ( 2Px3Z/c ), where c is the common divisor of 2ΡχΖ. Therefore, the air gap of the motor of the present invention is a high-order waveform, and a double convex wave or a triple convex wave shape is used here, and the positioning torque Τσ is preferably maximized in order to obtain the best effect of suppressing the positioning torque.

[Description of the Drawings]

 In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly described below. It is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings may be obtained based on these drawings without any creative work.

 1 is a front view of a stator punch and a rotor of an embodiment of a concentrated winding motor according to the present invention, wherein an air gap surface of the stator teeth has a biconvex sinusoidal waveform;

 2A is a partial exploded view showing the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator punching piece of FIG. 1;

 2Β is a partial exploded view showing the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator punching piece in FIG. 1 in a three-convex sinusoidal waveform;

Figure 3 is a front elevational view of a stator punch and a rotor of another embodiment of the concentrated winding motor of the present invention, The air gap surface of the sub-tooth has a double convex sinusoidal waveform;

 4A is a partial exploded view showing the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator punch of FIG. 3;

 4B is a partially exploded perspective view showing the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator punch of FIG. 3 in a three-convex sinusoidal waveform;

 Fig. 5 is a front elevational view showing a stator punch and a rotor of still another embodiment of the concentrated winding motor of the present invention. 【detailed description】

 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by a person of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative work are within the scope of the present invention.

 As shown in FIG. 1, a concentrated winding motor 100 of the present invention has a rotor block yoke 10 with a 2P block N and S pole-distributed magnetic steel 20 with a pitch of Sm, and a stator core 30 provided with Z slots 31. And Z stator teeth 32. From the conventional theoretical analysis and experiments, the period of the positioning torque of the permanent magnet motor matched with the number of poles and the number of slots is: Τσ=360/ ( 2PxZ/c ), and c is the greatest common divisor of 2ΡχΖ. The concentrated winding motor 100 can be used as a high performance servo motor, torque motor, electric vehicle motor and direct drive wind turbine.

 The slot width Sc between two adjacent stator teeth 32 of the concentrated winding motor 100 and the distance Sm between two adjacent magnets 20 satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc=(0.83 ~ 1.3). This is different from the design concept of the conventional permanent magnet motor. The conventional permanent magnet motor design considers that the smaller the slot width Sc and the distance Sm of the magnetic steel, the smaller the positioning torque. The present invention doubles the frequency of the positioning torque by the abrupt change of the magnetic strength between the two edges of the magnetic steel 20 and the abrupt change of the two edges of the notch. In general, the harmonic frequency is doubled and the harmonic amplitude is at least doubled. Therefore, the present invention improves the positioning torque frequency and can suppress the positioning torque amplitude. At the same time, the slot width Sc of the motor can be given by the artificial design, so that the motor slot can fully meet the requirements of direct automatic winding.

The ratio of the width τηι of the magnetic steel 20 to the pole distance τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ≥(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole distance τ=360 2Ρ, Ρ is the logarithm of the magnetic pole of the motor. Therefore, the amount of magnetic steel of the motor can be selected, and The sinusoidal magnetic field of the concentrated winding motor 100 is optimized to keep the torque constant. Thereby, the concentrated winding motor 100 designed according to the above two constraints has a good sinusoidality of the air gap magnetic field, and the positioning torque of the motor is relatively small.

 As shown in FIG. 2, in order to further suppress the positioning torque, the air gap surface 321 of the stator teeth 32 of the stator core 30 is designed to be convex, concave, and convex, that is, a double convex wave shape, and the air gap surface 321 of the stator teeth 32 is The double convex wave shape is equivalent to increasing the frequency of the magnetoresistance change of the Z stator teeth 32 to the frequency of 2Z stator teeth; or designing the air gap surface 321 of the stator teeth 32 to be convex, concave, convex, concave, convex, and third. The convex wave shape, the air gap surface 321 of the stator teeth 32 has a three-convex wave shape corresponding to increasing the frequency of the magnetoresistance change of the Z stator teeth 32 to the frequency of 3Z stator teeth. The equivalent of the positioning torque period is: Τσ=360/ ( 2Px2Z/c ) or Τσ=360/ ( 2Px3Z/c ), where c is the common divisor of 2ΡχΖ. Thus, the features of the present invention are formed: The motor air gap is in a high order waveform. Here, a double convex wave or a three convex wave shape is used, and the positioning torque Τσ is maximized to obtain the best effect of suppressing the positioning torque. For example, 2Ρ=8, Ζ=9, if the motor adopts a double convex wave shape, since the common value c becomes larger, the positioning torque period Τσ=360/ ( 2Px2Z/c ) =360/ ( 8x2x9/2 ) =5 , positioning The torque period is unchanged. If the three convex wave shape is adopted, the positioning torque period is Τσ=360/ ( 2Px3Z/c ) = 5/3 , the positioning torque period is reduced by 3 times, and the frequency is increased by 3 times. The harmonic frequency is increased by 3 times, and the harmonic amplitude is reduced by at least 3 times, thereby increasing the positioning torque frequency and suppressing the positioning torque amplitude.

 The concentrated winding motor 100 of the present invention may be an inner rotor concentrated winding motor as shown in Fig. 1 or an outer rotor concentrated winding motor as shown in Figs.

In Fig. 1, the concentrated winding motor 100 is an inner rotor concentrated winding motor, the number of motor poles is 2 Ρ = 10, the number of slots Ζ = 12, and the air gap surface 321 of the 12 stator teeth 32 of the stator core 30 is convex and concave. Convex, biconvex sinusoidal waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor, and its specific size is set according to the size of the motor. The waveform of the air gap surface 321 of the stator teeth 32 can cancel out the second harmonic or the third harmonic in the positioning torque waveform, thereby suppressing the positioning torque amplitude. Open the schematic. Obviously, the gas of the stator teeth 32 of the stator pole piece of the 10-pole 12-slot inner rotor motor 100 The gap surface 321 can also be set as a three-convex sinusoidal waveform. The specific structure is as shown in FIG. 2B. The air gap surface 321 of the twelve stator teeth 32 of the stator core 30 is convex, concave, convex, concave and convex. Convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor, and its specific size is set according to the size of the motor.

 In FIG. 3, the concentrated winding motor 100 is an outer rotor concentrated winding motor, the number of motor poles is 2Ρ=40, the number of slots is Ζ=36, and the air gap surface 321 of the 30 stator teeth 32 of the stator core 30 is convex and concave. Convex, biconvex sinusoidal waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor, and its specific size is set according to the size of the motor. Open the schematic. Obviously, the air gap surface 321 of the stator teeth 32 of the stator pole piece of the 40-pole 36-slot outer rotor motor 100 can also be set as a three-convex sinusoidal waveform. The specific structure is shown in FIG. 4A, and the 36 stators of the stator core 30 are shown. The air gap surface 321 of the tooth 32 is convex-concave-convex-convex-concave-convex, three-convex sinusoidal waveform, and the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor, and the specific size is determined according to the size of the motor. Settings.

 In FIG. 5, the concentrated winding motor 100 is an outer rotor concentrated winding motor, the number of motor poles is 2Ρ=16, the number of slots is Ζ=18, and the air gap surface 321 of the 18 stator teeth 32 of the stator core 30 is convex and concave. Convex-concave-convex, three-convex sinusoidal waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 to 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor, and its specific size is set according to the size of the motor. It will be apparent that the air gap surface 321 of the stator teeth 32 of the 16-pole 18-slot outer rotor motor 100 stator punch can also be configured as a double convex sinusoidal waveform.

The invention also provides a generator, the rotor yoke is affixed with 2P blocks of Sm, N, S magnetically distributed magnetic steel, the stator core is provided with Z slots and Z stator teeth, the generator The size of the notch width Sc between two adjacent stator teeth and the distance Sm of two adjacent magnetic steels satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc=(0.83 - 1.3); the width of the magnetic steel τηι and the pole The ratio to τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ>(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole distance τ=360 2Ρ, Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor; the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex One concave and one convex, double convex wave shape or convex one concave one convex one concave one convex, three convex wave shape. The specific structure of the generator of the present invention is consistent with the concentrated winding motor 100, and is no longer defective here. Said.

 The invention also provides an electric motor, the rotor yoke is affixed with a 2P block N and S polar magnetic steel with a spacing of Sm, the stator core is provided with Z slots and Z stator teeth, and the two motors The size of the notch width Sc between adjacent stator teeth and the spacing Sm of two adjacent magnetic steels satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc= (0.83 - 1.3); the width of the magnetic steel τηι and the pole distance τ Ratio, satisfying the constraint relationship: τηι/τ>(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole distance τ=360 2Ρ, Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor; the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex and concave A convex, double convex wave shape or convex one concave one convex one concave one convex, three convex wave shape. The specific structure of the motor of the present invention is the same as that of the concentrated winding motor 100, and will not be described herein.

 In summary, the concentrated winding motor of the present invention uses the inter-mode magnetic steel to save the magnetic steel, and the size of the notch width Sc between the two teeth of the stator of the concentrated winding motor and the distance Sm between two adjacent magnetic steels are satisfied. Constraint relationship: Sm/Sc= (0.83 ~ 1.3), different from the design concept of the traditional permanent magnet motor. The traditional permanent magnet motor design considers that the smaller the slot width Sc and the distance Sm of the magnetic steel, the smaller the positioning torque. The invention doubles the frequency of the positioning torque by strengthening and utilizing the abrupt change of the magnetic field strength of the two edges of the magnetic steel and the abrupt change of the two edges of the notch. In general, the harmonic frequency is doubled and the harmonic amplitude is at least doubled. Therefore, the present invention increases the positioning torque frequency and suppresses the positioning torque amplitude. At the same time, the slot width Sc of the motor can be given by the artificial design, so that the motor slot can fully meet the requirements of direct automatic winding. The ratio of the width τηι of the magnetic steel to the pole distance τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ>(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole distance τ=360 2Ρ, Ρ is the number of magnetic poles of the motor, so that the amount of magnetic steel of the motor can be selected. The sinusoidality of the magnetic field of the concentrated winding motor is optimized to keep the torque constant.

At the same time, in order to further suppress the positioning torque, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is designed to have a double convex wave shape, and the double convex wave shape here is equivalent to increasing the frequency of the magnetoresistance change of one stator tooth to 2Ζ. The frequency of the stator teeth; or the design is a three-convex wave shape, then the three-convex wave shape is equivalent to increasing the frequency of the magnetoresistance change of the stator teeth to the frequency of 3 stator teeth. Corresponding to the change of the positioning torque period is: Τσ=360/ ( 2Px2Z/c ) or Τσ=360/ ( 2Px3Z/c ), where c is the common divisor of 2ΡχΖ. Therefore, the air gap of the motor of the present invention has a high-order waveform, and the double convex wave or the three convex wave shape is used here. First, the positioning torque Τσ is maximized in order to obtain the best effect of suppressing the positioning torque. The description of the examples is only for helping to understand the method of the present invention and its core ideas; at the same time, for those of ordinary skill in the art, according to the idea of the present invention, there will be changes in specific embodiments and application scopes. The description is not to be construed as limiting the invention.

Claims

Rights request 1. A concentrated winding motor, the rotor yoke of which is attached with 2P pieces of magnet steel with N and S polarities alternately distributed at a distance of Sm, and the stator core is provided with Z slots and Z stator teeth, which is characterized by: The notch width Sc between two adjacent stator teeth of the concentrated winding motor and the size of the spacing Sm between two adjacent magnets satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc= (0.83 ~ 1.3); The ratio of the width τηι of the magnet to the pole pitch τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ≥(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole pitch τ=360 2Ρ, and Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor; The air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core has a convex-concave-convex shape, a double-convex wave shape, or a convex-concave-convex-concave-convex shape, or a triple-convex wave shape. 2. The concentrated winding motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the motor is an inner rotor concentrated winding motor or an outer rotor concentrated winding motor. 3. The concentrated winding motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=10, the number of slots Z=12, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex, concave and convex, double convex. Sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 4. The concentrated winding motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=10, the number of slots Z=12, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-concave. Convex, three-convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 5. The concentrated winding motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=40, the number of slots Z=36, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex, concave and convex, double convex. Sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 6. The concentrated winding motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=40, the number of slots Z=36, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-concave. Convex, three-convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 7. The concentrated winding motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=16, the number of slots Z=18, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-concave. Convex, three-convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 8. A generator, the rotor yoke of which is attached with 2P blocks of magnetic steel with N and S polarity alternately distributed at a distance of Sm, and the stator core is provided with Z slots and Z stator teeth, which is characterized by: The notch width Sc between two adjacent stator teeth of the generator and the size of the spacing Sm between two adjacent magnets satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc= (0.83 ~ 1.3); The ratio of the width τηι of the magnet to the pole pitch τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ≥(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole pitch τ=360 2Ρ, and Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor; The air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core has a convex-concave-convex shape, a double-convex wave shape, or a convex-concave-convex-concave-convex shape, or a triple-convex wave shape. 9. The generator according to claim 8, wherein the generator is an inner rotor concentrated winding generator or an outer rotor concentrated winding generator. 10. The generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=10, the number of slots Z=12, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex, concave and convex, biconvex sinusoidal Waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 11. The generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=10, the number of slots Z=12, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-concave-convex. , three-convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 12. The generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=40, the number of slots Z=36, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex, concave and convex, biconvex sinusoidal Waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 13. The generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=40, the number of slots Z=36, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-concave-convex. , three-convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 14. The generator according to claim 8, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=16, the number of slots Z=18, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-concave-convex. , three-convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 15. An electric motor whose rotor yoke has 2P blocks with N and S polarities distributed alternately at a distance of Sm. Magnetic steel, the stator core is provided with Z slots and Z stator teeth, which is characterized by: The notch width Sc between two adjacent stator teeth of the motor and the size of the spacing Sm between two adjacent magnets satisfy the constraint relationship: Sm/Sc= (0.83 ~ 1.3); The ratio of the width τηι of the magnet to the pole pitch τ satisfies the constraint relationship: τηι/τ≥(0.75 ~ 0.9), where the pole pitch τ=360 2Ρ, and Ρ is the number of magnetic pole pairs of the motor; The air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core has a convex-concave-convex shape, a double-convex wave shape, or a convex-concave-convex-concave-convex shape, or a triple-convex wave shape. 16. The electric motor according to claim 15, wherein the generator is an inner rotor concentrated winding generator or an outer rotor concentrated winding generator. 17. The motor according to claim 15, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=10, the number of slots Z=12, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex, concave and convex, a biconvex sine wave. Waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 18. The motor according to claim 15, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=10, the number of slots Z=12, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-concave-convex, Three-convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor 19. The motor according to claim 15, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=40, the number of slots Z=36, and the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex, concave and convex, a biconvex sine wave. Waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor. 20. The motor according to claim 15, characterized in that the number of motor poles 2P=40, the number of slots Z=36, the air gap surface of the stator teeth of the stator core is convex-concave-convex-concave-convex, Three-convex sine wave waveform, the amplitude of the sine wave is 0.3 ~ 1.5 times the minimum air gap length δ of the motor