Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
  • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
  • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
  • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
  • F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
  • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
  • B09B3/40—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless involving thermal treatment, e.g. evaporation
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B11/00—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive
  • F26B11/02—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles
  • F26B11/04—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis
  • F26B11/0463—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall
  • F26B11/0477—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum
  • F26B11/0481—Machines or apparatus for drying solid materials or objects with movement which is non-progressive in moving drums or other mainly-closed receptacles rotating about a horizontal or slightly-inclined axis having internal elements, e.g. which are being moved or rotated by means other than the rotating drum wall for mixing, stirring or conveying the materials to be dried, e.g. mounted to the wall, rotating with the drum the elements having a screw- or auger-like shape, or form screw- or auger-like channels
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F26—DRYING
  • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
  • F26B2200/00—Drying processes and machines for solid materials characterised by the specific requirements of the drying good
  • F26B2200/04—Garbage
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
  • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

• the present invention relates to an improved continuous process of treating wholly or predominantly organic waste with high wet load, resulting in the generation of high calorific dry biomass which may be intended for use as raw material in various industrial processes or in power generation systems by burning them.
• the process of the present invention has ideal application in a household waste treatment system by obtaining dry biomass as its end product and optionally calcium carbonate as a by-product.
• the resulting dry biomass has a high calorific value, making the process a renewable, clean and sustainable energy matrix.
• the calorific power of dry biomass obtained by the process of the present invention which is around 3,500 Kcal per kilogram of dry biomass, is much higher than the calorific value of sugarcane bagasse or wood chips or chips, for example, whose calorific value is between 1,800 and 2,200 Kcal.
• the untreated organic waste presents high contamination and usually contain between 40 and 70% of wet load and calorific power in average of only 1,400 Kcal, and demand for its burning or incineration the expenditure of very high energy, and by known processes only partial incineration is achieved in practice, which makes these processes unsatisfactory and economically unviable, as well as other drawbacks, such as the high chlorine emission rate, which are overcome by the process of the present invention.
• Waste dumps consist of the simple deposition of untreated waste in a certain area, directly on the ground, in the open, not obeying any control norms without any measure of protection to public health. and the environment, including the presence of individuals who engage in the highly unhealthy activity of collecting recyclable materials, known as "garbage collectors".
• landfills which are classified into two types, sanitary and controlled, although proving to be a better option than dumps, they do not represent a satisfactory and definitive solution to the problem.
• Incineration is an option that is being applied to harness heat through burning and generating power. However , it is an unsatisfactory solution because it generates high-chloro rate dioxins, furans and C0 2, and subsequently burned in most existing systems, about 70% of the waste, with the resulting scum (residues) from 30% to will have to be discarded, thus not eliminating the need for new dumps or landfills. Full incineration of waste is only achieved by using very high temperatures in some plasma systems at extremely high costs.
• the process of the present invention provides for the use of wet organic waste, which in the waste household waste are mixed with dry or almost dry organic waste such as paper, cardboard, sticks, dried leaves, etc., turning this waste set into dry and sterile biomass without burning any of these wastes during the process, which constitutes It is a unique feature of the process and represents one of its great advantages over the prior art.
• An additional advantage of the process of the present invention is that the drying is carried out in two steps, the second stage requiring less calorific power that can be supplied by burning part of the dry biomass obtained by the process itself.
• non-organic waste present in household waste is separated by conventional procedures, and then the organic waste is drained of the slurry as well. by conventional procedures which is collected into a collection box for further treatment, which operation is not within the scope of the process of the present invention.
• the material to be treated consisting of solid organic waste, the wet with its varying degrees of humidity and the dry, are subjected to a still preliminary stage of the grinding process, performed by a conventional shredder, thus the waste prepared to be subjected to the process of the present invention itself, which will perform its sterilization and drying and ultimately its transformation into dry biomass.
• the process itself begins with a sterilization and pre-drying step of the previously prepared organic waste as described above, which is preferably conveyed by a slotted conveyor to a first rotary dryer internally provided with steering fins. , through which they transit with residence time between 12 and 35 minutes, depending on the sizing of the system on which the process will be operated.
• this first dryer the wet and non-wet waste, whose total wet load is between 40 and 70%, are subjected to sterilization and pre-drying at controlled temperatures between 280 ° C and 300 ° C at the inlet of the dryer and between 90 ° C and 100 ° C at the exit, and at this stage most of the wet load and bacteriological agents are eliminated.
• the waste leaving the first dryer is dumped on a conveyor belt in which an intermediate partial cooling step is in transit, and then continuously dumped in a second rotary dryer, which characteristics are the same as the first dryer, which will be finalized. the process with the second stage of drying.
• the second rotary dryer operates at controlled temperatures between 180 ° C and 200 ° C at the dryer inlet and between 75 ° C and 85 ° C at the outlet.
• the heat required to perform the process for generating heated air flow is supplied in its initial stage by combustion of LPG or other conventional fuel source by a furnace coupled to the first dryer inlet; and in the second stage heat is supplied by burning in a furnace coupled to the second dryer inlet part of the dry biomass obtained by the process itself at its end, thus generating a very low level of energy consumption for the operation of the process.
• the process of the present invention may be complemented by a process of controlling the emission of gases and particulate matter resulting from furnace burning and drying in rotary dryers, in which gases, predominantly carbon dioxide, are sucked into conventional equipment. for their treatment which may include, but are not limited to, concomitantly or non-decontamination and transformation into calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate.
• Both the dry biomass obtained by the process of the present invention and the calcium or sodium carbonate resulting from the treatment of the emitted gases represent great economic value, whereas the process of the present invention is an option of a clean, renewable and sustainable energy matrix. and contributive in solving the final destination of household waste and organic industrial waste, avoiding their disposal in dumps and landfills.
• the process in a preferred embodiment is considered an equipment configuration in which the two cylindrical rotary dryers each will be 12 meters long and 2 meters in diameter, being interconnected by a conveyor and cooler whose length will be between 15 and 20 meters. , with the objective of treating an approximate load of 10 tons / hour of predominantly organic wastes containing in their entirety 40 to 70% wet load, previously separated from the slurry and non-organic materials, selected by means of a series of sieves and finally shredded, and the treatment of these shredded wastes for the purpose of processing. in dry and sterile biomass.
• the waste load to be subjected to the process is initially continuously dumped on a conveyor belt through which it is dumped at the entrance of the first finned dryer and then driven for a transit or residence time of between 20 to 30 minutes at temperatures between 280 ° C and 300 ° C. ° C and 300 ° C at the inlet of the dryer which progressively decays to temperatures between 90 ° C and 100 ° C at its outlet, at which stage between 20 and 35% of the existing wet load (about 50% of the total wet load) is removed. waste, said temperatures being produced by the hot air produced by a furnace coupled to the dryer inlet. Due to the high temperatures required for this first step the furnace must be powered by high calorific fuel, which can be LPG or natural gas.
• a depressed hot air flow (negative pressure) is produced inside the dryer.
• the flow is activated by a power exhaust fan positioned at the outlet of the first dryer.
• a power exhaust fan positioned at the outlet of the first dryer.
• wet load present in the waste in the form of vapor being present in the same carbon dioxide and other suspended gases and microparticles, are conducted by an exhaust duct to a gas scrubber and then continuously to a parallel and complementary process step. which consists of the treatment of gases aiming at their transformation into a by-product (calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate).
• Temperatures in the first dryer are controlled from a temperature sensor positioned at the dryer outlet, the temperature sensor acting through a computerized control means over the furnace electronic flame burner.
• depression is obtained by using 12.5 hp exhaust fans operating in both dryers in a 24 m 3 environment (estimated burner volume at a rate of 2 m 3 / HP.
• Said vacuum (negative pressure) is critical for the implementation of the purpose of the process of the present invention because it keeps the oxidant gas rate (oxygen) for about 5 to 7% of the total volume of oxygen gas are preferable rate 6%, preventing the burning of waste subjected to high temperatures.
• the semi-dry waste load is dumped at the first dryer outlet on a conveyor belt in which said load will be continuously conveyed at room temperature for about 8 to 12 partially cooled down and at the end of the conveyor belt are dumped in the second rotary dryer in which the remaining 15 to 35% or 20 to 35% of the remaining wet load (about 50% of total wet load) will be removed, completing the drying.
• the second dryer in the same characteristics as the first dryer, being provided with fins directing the pre-drying residues, whose transit time or residence in the second dryer will be between 20 to 30 minutes, under temperatures between 180 ° C to 200 ° C at the inlet of the dryer which progressively decays to temperatures between 75 ° C and 85 ° C at its outlet, at which stage the remainder of the wet load remaining in the waste is removed, said temperatures being produced by the hot air produced by a furnace coupled to the inlet. of the dryer. Due to the lower temperatures required for this second stage the furnace can be fed by part of the resulting dry biomass at the end of the process.
• a depressed hot air flow (negative pressure) is produced inside the dryer, the flow being activated by a power exhaust fan positioned at the outlet of the second dryer, this hot air flow acting to release wet charge present in the vapor-shaped waste, being present in the same carbon dioxide and other gases and suspended micro particles that are conducted by a exhaust to a gas scrubber and then continuously to a parallel and complementary step in the process of treating the gases for transformation into by-products (calcium carbonate or sodium carbonate).
• the temperatures in the second dryer are controlled from a temperature sensor positioned at its outlet, the temperature sensor acting through a computerized control means over the furnace electronic flame burner.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
• Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

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Publications (1)

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Family Applications (1)

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Cited By (3)

Citations (4)

• 2012
  • 2012-05-07 BR BRBR102012010726-0A patent/BR102012010726A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
• 2013
  • 2013-05-07 WO PCT/BR2013/000155 patent/WO2013166571A1/fr not_active Ceased
  • 2013-05-07 BR BR112014027926A patent/BR112014027926A8/pt active Search and Examination

Patent Citations (4)

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