WO2013154067A1 - 検査装置、及び撮像素子 - Google Patents
検査装置、及び撮像素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013154067A1 WO2013154067A1 PCT/JP2013/060600 JP2013060600W WO2013154067A1 WO 2013154067 A1 WO2013154067 A1 WO 2013154067A1 JP 2013060600 W JP2013060600 W JP 2013060600W WO 2013154067 A1 WO2013154067 A1 WO 2013154067A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8803—Visual inspection
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/8851—Scan or image signal processing specially adapted therefor, e.g. for scan signal adjustment, for detecting different kinds of defects, for compensating for structures, markings, edges
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/9501—Semiconductor wafers
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/956—Inspecting patterns on the surface of objects
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an inspection apparatus for inspecting defects generated on a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer, and an image sensor used in the inspection apparatus.
- inspection device that detects defects generated on a substrate such as a semiconductor wafer.
- light inspection light
- Type inspection device Light (inspection light) is irradiated onto the substrate surface, scattered light generated from the substrate surface due to the irradiation is detected, and a defect is detected on the substrate based on the detection result.
- this kind of inspection device When this kind of inspection device is applied to, for example, a defect inspection device that inspects defects generated on a semiconductor wafer, it occurs on a bare wafer such as a mirror surface wafer whose surface is mirror-finished in a polishing process due to a difference in use.
- a surface inspection apparatus for inspecting a defect and a pattern inspection apparatus for inspecting a defect generated on a patterned wafer on which a circuit pattern is formed are roughly classified.
- the inspection device detects the scattered light generated from the illumination spot irradiated with the light on the substrate by the photodetector, and the scattered light detection signal corresponding to the detection amount. It is the composition which obtains.
- an image sensor having a plurality of sensor pixels is used for the photodetector.
- an illumination spot that receives light irradiation is scanned on the substrate by moving and / or rotating the substrate that is an inspection sample.
- each sensor pixel forming the image sensor of the photodetector that is, each pixel output
- each sensor pixel of the image sensor of the photodetector it is desirable that the size of each sensor pixel of the image sensor of the photodetector, that is, each pixel size is equal to the optical resolution of the defect (defect image size).
- the pixel size is too large compared to the optical resolution of the defect even if the SN ratio of the pixel output is a high value capable of detecting a minute defect.
- the position of the defect on the substrate cannot be detected unless the illumination spot having an illuminance distribution of Gaussian distribution is overscanned, and the inspection time also increases.
- the inspection apparatus when the pixel size and the defect image size of the image sensor of the photodetector are the same, the data processing amount can be minimized on the system configuration, and the defect image is detected. In the case where no defect image is detected, it is possible to maximize both the optical resolution detection image and the SN ratio on the substrate.
- the inspection apparatus directly moves the illumination spot as the inspection location on the substrate on the substrate. Instead of scanning, the substrate that is the inspection sample is moved and / or rotated so that the substrate is relatively moved and scanned.
- the passing position of the defect image with respect to the sensor pixel changes in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction, the pixel output also changes, and the SN ratio of the defect detection image also changes.
- the center of the defect image does not coincide with the center of the sensor pixel of the image sensor, and the center of the defect image coincides with the boundary between the sensor pixel and the adjacent sensor pixel, but only a part of the defect image.
- the SN ratio of the pixel output of this sensor pixel is reduced to a maximum of 1 ⁇ 2.
- the SN ratio of the pixel output of each sensor pixel is 1 / ( ⁇ by performing the adjacent pixel averaging process for obtaining the pixel output by averaging the pixel outputs of the adjacent sensor pixels.
- the optical resolution of the defect is halved, and the size of the resolved defect becomes twice the actual size.
- the passing position of the defect image on the sensor pixel of the image sensor is related to the scanning of the illumination spot on the substrate. If a pixel cracking phenomenon occurs that shifts in the vertical direction with respect to the image sensor, the defect detection sensitivity of the image pickup device and the inspection apparatus is lowered, and the detection reproducibility of the defect detection image is impaired. This pixel cracking phenomenon is an undesired phenomenon for inspection and is a big problem in the performance of the inspection apparatus. However, the conventional technology has not been sufficiently considered in this regard.
- the inspection apparatus of the present invention irradiates the substrate surface with inspection light, and at that time, the scattered light generated from the illumination spot on the substrate surface irradiated with the inspection light is detected by the image sensor, and based on the output from the image sensor
- An inspection apparatus for detecting defects generated on a substrate wherein the image sensor is configured by arranging a plurality of sensor pixels in a direction perpendicular to a main scanning direction of an illumination spot of inspection light on the substrate.
- Each sensor pixel has at least one of a pair of sensor pixel boundary sides facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the main scanning direction among a plurality of sensor pixel boundary sides forming an outer edge portion of the sensor pixel. It is characterized in that it is inclined with respect to the main scanning direction, which is the passing direction of the defect image.
- An image sensor of the present invention is an image sensor configured by arranging a plurality of sensor pixels in a predetermined direction in order to detect scattered light generated from an illumination spot on a substrate surface irradiated with inspection light.
- a pixel is a defect image in which at least one of a plurality of sensor pixel boundary sides that form the outer edge of the sensor pixel is perpendicular to a predetermined direction. Inclined with respect to the passing direction.
- a highly sensitive inspection can be performed.
- FIG. 1 It is a schematic block diagram of the defect inspection apparatus which concerns on the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a block diagram of the image sensor of the photodetector applied to the defect inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 1, and an explanatory view of a defect detection method by this defect inspection apparatus. It is explanatory drawing of the signal feature addition process of the pixel output of the adjacent sensor pixels which an adjacent image integration part performs. 3 shows a modification of the sensor pixel having an isosceles triangle shape applied to the image sensor shown in FIG. 2. It is explanatory drawing of the modification which reduces the signal processing scale of a defect information calculation process part.
- the inspection apparatus and the imaging device according to the present invention are applied to inspection of a flat inspection sample such as a semiconductor wafer, a semiconductor mask, an array substrate of a liquid crystal panel, a sapphire substrate or a ceramic substrate used for sensors, LEDs, and the like. be able to.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a defect inspection apparatus for inspecting defects such as foreign matter and scratches on a wafer surface of a semiconductor wafer according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
- the defect inspection apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes an illumination light source 10, an illumination optical system 20 (20L, 20H), a stage mechanism 40, and an imaging optical system 50 (50L, 50H).
- the light detector 60 (60L, 60H), the detection signal processing unit 70, and the control signal generation unit 80 are configured.
- the illumination light source 10 generates light (inspection light) for detecting defects such as ultrafine foreign matter existing on the semiconductor wafer 30.
- the illumination light source 10 is constituted by, for example, a laser light source that emits UV (Ultraviolet) light or DUV (Deep Ultraviolet) light from which intense scattered light can be obtained from these microscopic defects.
- the laser light source oscillates a laser beam having a wavelength ⁇ of 355 nm.
- the illumination optical system 20 (20L, 20H) irradiates the semiconductor wafer 30 as an inspection sample with illumination light from the illumination light source 10.
- the illumination optical system 20 includes an illumination shaping optical system 21 and an irradiation optical system 25 (25L, 25H).
- the illumination light from the illumination light source 10 is adjusted to a desired beam diameter by the beam expander 22 of the illumination shaping optical system 21 and converted into an illumination beam having a desired polarization state by the polarizing element 23.
- the illumination beam is linearly polarized light that oscillates in a plane including the normal line set on the wafer surface 31 of the semiconductor wafer 30 held by the stage mechanism 40 and the traveling direction of the illumination light.
- the illumination beam shaped by the illumination shaping optical system 21 is provided to the irradiation optical systems 25L and 25H by a movable mirror 28 provided so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the illumination optical path on the output side of the illumination shaping optical system 21.
- a movable mirror 28 provided so as to be able to advance and retreat with respect to the illumination optical path on the output side of the illumination shaping optical system 21.
- One of them is supplied in accordance with the operation of the switching mechanism 29.
- the irradiation optical system 25L has a low angle (oblique) with the wafer surface 31 of the semiconductor wafer 30, and the irradiation optical system 25H has an illumination shaped by the illumination shaping optical system 21 perpendicular to the wafer surface 31 of the semiconductor wafer 30, respectively. Irradiate the beam.
- the illumination optical path with respect to the wafer surface 31 can be arbitrarily selected at a low angle (obliquely) or vertically according to the operation of the switching mechanism 29 attached to the mov
- the incident light is obliquely incident at an illumination elevation angle, for example, a Brewster angle with respect to crystalline silicon (Si).
- the wafer surface 31 portion irradiated with the illumination beam of the semiconductor wafer 30 corresponds to the illumination spot 32.
- the illuminance distribution of the illumination spot 32 on the wafer surface 31 is not a Gaussian distribution shape but a flat shape in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction.
- the stage mechanism 40 includes a stage (not shown) on which a semiconductor wafer 30 as an inspection sample is mounted and a stage moving mechanism (not shown) for moving the stage during inspection.
- the stage mechanism 40 is controlled by a stage control unit (not shown) based on a preset type of inspection sample, inspection method, and the like during inspection.
- the stage moving mechanism has a stage horizontal moving mechanism that moves the stage straightly in a one-dimensional or two-dimensional direction within a plane along the sample mounting surface, and if necessary, moves the stage to the sample mounting surface.
- the stage has a stage rotating mechanism that rotates in a plane along the surface, and a stage vertical moving mechanism that moves and displaces the stage in a direction perpendicular to the sample mounting surface.
- the stage mechanism 40 is configured so that the stage rotation mechanism is the semiconductor wafer 30 during inspection. Is rotated at a constant angular velocity, and the stage horizontal movement mechanism is synchronized with the rotation of the stage by the stage rotation mechanism, while being synchronized with the rotation of the stage along the radial direction of the semiconductor wafer 30 that is rotating the stage. It can move straight on the pitch.
- the illumination spot 32 corresponding to the irradiation position of the illumination beam on the semiconductor wafer 30 by the irradiation optical system 25 is annularly scanned or spirally scanned on the wafer surface 31, and the entire wafer surface or scanning region.
- the partial image can be picked up by the photodetector 60 (60L, 60H) via the imaging optical system 50 (50L, 50H).
- the scanning of the illumination spot 32 of the illumination beam on the semiconductor wafer 30 is performed along the wafer rotation direction (R direction) of the illumination spot 32 on the semiconductor wafer 30 rotated by the operation of the stage rotation mechanism.
- the relative movement is referred to as main scanning of the illumination spot 32, and the wafer spot direction of the illumination spot 32 on the semiconductor wafer 30 moved straight along the wafer radius direction (r direction) by the operation of the stage horizontal movement mechanism ( The relative straight movement in the r direction is referred to as sub-scanning of the illumination spot 32.
- the stage mechanism 40 has a stage horizontal movement mechanism at the time of inspection.
- the stage on which the semiconductor wafer 30 is mounted moves straight along the one chip arrangement direction (X direction) of a plurality of chips arranged in a lattice pattern on the wafer surface 31, and this one chip arrangement While moving in synchronization with the straight movement of the stage in the direction (X direction), it can also move straight along the other chip arrangement direction (Y direction).
- the illumination spot 32 corresponding to the irradiation position of the illumination beam on the semiconductor wafer 30 by the irradiation optical systems 25L and 25H is two on the wafer surface 31 along the arrangement direction (XY direction) of the plurality of chips. It is possible to cause the photodetectors 60L and 60H to image the whole surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 or the scanning region portion through the imaging optical systems 50L and 50H. In this case, the illumination on the semiconductor wafer 30 that has been linearly moved along one chip arrangement direction (X direction) by the operation of the stage horizontal movement mechanism in connection with the scanning of the illumination spot 32 of the illumination beam on the semiconductor wafer 30.
- the relative movement along the X direction of the spot 32 is referred to as main scanning of the illumination spot 32, and is performed on the semiconductor wafer 30 that is linearly moved along the other chip arrangement direction (Y direction) by the operation of the stage horizontal movement mechanism.
- the relative movement of the illumination spot 32 along the Y direction is referred to as sub-scanning of the illumination spot 32.
- the stage mechanism 40 moves the stage according to the thickness of the semiconductor wafer 30 of the inspection sample mounted on the stage. It is also possible to adjust the height position of the wafer surface 31 of the semiconductor wafer 30 relative to the irradiation optical systems 25L and 25H and the imaging optical systems 50L and 50H by moving and displacing in the height direction (Z direction).
- a stage mechanism 40 In such a stage mechanism 40, the movement amount or movement position of the stage moved straight by the operation of the stage horizontal movement mechanism or the stage vertical movement mechanism is detected, or the stage rotated by the operation of the stage rotation mechanism is detected.
- a position detection encoder 41 In order to detect the rotation amount or the rotation position, a position detection encoder 41 is provided. The position detection encoder 41 sends these detection results to the control signal generation unit 80 with encoder pulses.
- the imaging optical system 50 and the light detector 60 include a plurality of detector units 50L, 60L, 50H, and 60H with different azimuth angles with respect to the illumination spot 32 and detection elevation angles with respect to the wafer surface 31. It is configured.
- the imaging optical systems 50L and 50H have detection lenses 51L and 51H, polarizing elements (not shown), and imaging lenses (not shown).
- the imaging optical systems 50L and 50H are such that the detection lenses 51L and 51H can efficiently capture the scattered light with respect to minute foreign matters that follow Rayleigh scattering, and the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 held by the stage mechanism 40. 31 is arranged so that the detected elevation angle or the detected azimuth angle or both are different.
- the numerical aperture (NA: numerical aperture) of the detection lenses 51L and 51H is set to a predetermined value according to the optical resolution (defect image size) of a desired detectable defect.
- the polarizing element reduces scattered light (referred to as “roughness scattered light”) generated from minute irregularities on the wafer surface 31 in order to enable detection of finer defects.
- the imaging optical systems 50L and 50H condense light scattered from the wafer surface portion of the illumination spot 32 irradiated with the illumination beam on the semiconductor wafer 30 by the detection lenses 51L and 51H as objective lenses, and polarizing elements Then, an image of the wafer surface portion illuminated by the illumination spot is formed on the detection surfaces of the photodetectors 60L and 60H via the imaging lens.
- the photodetectors 60L and 60H detect the scattered light collected by the detection lenses 51L and 51H of the imaging optical systems 50L and 50H, convert it into an electrical signal corresponding to the detected amount, and output it as a scattered light detection signal.
- the photodetectors 60L and 60H include an image sensor having a detection surface formed by arranging a plurality of sensor pixels (photoelectric conversion sensors) that output an electrical signal (light amount signal) having a magnitude corresponding to the amount of received light.
- Examples of the imaging device include CCD (Charge Coupled Device Imager), TDI (Time Delayed Integration), MPPC (Multi-Pixel Photon Counter), and the sensor pixels include PD (Photo Diode), APD (Avalanche). Photo Diode) is used.
- the configuration of the image sensor applied to the photodetectors 60L and 60H of the defect inspection apparatus 1 of the present embodiment will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of an image sensor of a photodetector applied to the defect inspection apparatus shown in FIG. 1 and an explanatory diagram of a defect detection method by this defect inspection apparatus.
- the image sensors 61 provided in the photodetectors 60 ⁇ / b> L and 60 ⁇ / b> H are perpendicular to the main scanning direction of the illumination spot 32 on the wafer surface 31, that is, on the wafer surface 31.
- at least two or more sensor pixels P (P0, P1, P2, P3, P4,... In the illustrated example) are arranged.
- the pixel size of each sensor pixel P is configured to be equal to the optical resolution (defect image size) of the defect in order to increase the SN ratio value of the pixel output.
- an arrow ms indicates a direction in which a defect image df of a defect generated on the semiconductor wafer 30 imaged by the imaging optical systems 50L and 50H corresponding to the main scanning of the illumination spot 32 with respect to the sensor pixel P. It corresponds to.
- the x axis corresponds to the main scanning direction of the illumination spot 32 in the passing direction ms with respect to the sensor pixel P of the defect image df.
- the y-axis corresponds to the sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32 in the direction perpendicular to the passage direction ms.
- the pixel size of the sensor pixel P is equal to the optical resolution of the defect (defect image size), and is much finer than the size of the entire wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30, so that the defect inspection apparatus 1 is either a surface inspection device or a pattern inspection device, that is, the main scanning direction of the illumination spot 32 is the wafer rotation direction (R direction) or one of the lattice-like chip arrangement directions (X direction) Regardless of the difference, the passing state of the defect image df with respect to the sensor pixel P is substantially the same.
- Each sensor pixel P has a configuration in which the detection surface outline of the sensor pixel P is defined by at least three sensor pixel boundary sides q. Among at least three or more sensor pixel boundary sides q of one sensor pixel P, at least one sensor pixel boundary side q is configured to also serve as the sensor pixel boundary side q of the adjacent sensor pixel P.
- the sensor pixel P1 since each sensor pixel P has a triangular shape, for example, the sensor pixel P1 has sensor pixel boundary sides q1, q2, and q3, and the sensor pixel boundary side q3 therein includes adjacent sensor pixels.
- the sensor pixel boundary side q1 of P2 is also used.
- At least one of the paired sensor pixel boundary sides q is inclined with respect to the main scanning direction (R direction or X direction) of the illumination spot 32.
- each sensor pixel P0, P1, P2, P3,... Of each image sensor 61 is a base parallel to a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms with respect to the sensor pixel P of the defect image df.
- the isosceles triangle shape and the size of each sensor pixel P are determined when the center of the defect image df of the optical resolution passes through the center of the base of the sensor pixel P having the isosceles triangle shape along the height direction of the triangle.
- the defect image df is temporarily inscribed with the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 or all the sensor pixel boundary sides q1, q2 and q3 forming a pair of oblique sides on the pixel surface of the sensor pixel P.
- the shape and size of the defect image df entirely overlaps the pixel surface of the sensor pixel P.
- the image sensor 61 has such isosceles triangular sensor pixels P1, P2, P3,...
- a plurality of arrays are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms of the defect image df with respect to the sensor pixel P corresponding to the sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32.
- the image sensors 61 of the photodetectors 60L and 60H are configured based on the drive signal (sensor pixel scanning signal) supplied from the control signal generator 80.
- the pixel outputs of each of the plurality of sensor pixels P are scanned and extracted at a predetermined sampling rate, and the pixel outputs (light amount signals) of the sensor pixels P are sent to the detection signal processing unit 70 as scattered light detection signals.
- the sampling rate of the pixel output of the sensor pixel P given by the drive signal (sensor pixel scanning signal) is the same as the defect image df of optical resolution (defect size) synchronized with the scanning of the illumination spot 32 (main scanning).
- the time Tp required for passing over the sensor pixel P that is, the sampling time of the defect image df, is significantly shorter. Thereby, in the sensor pixel P, the passage state change of the defect image df passing over the sensor pixel P with respect to the pixel surface can be sequentially detected as the pixel output.
- the control signal generator 80 is mounted on the stage of the stage mechanism 40 based on an encoder pulse supplied from a position detection encoder 41 attached to the stage mechanism 40 whose drive is controlled by a stage controller (not shown). While monitoring the scanning position of the illumination spot 32 on the semiconductor wafer 30, a drive signal is supplied to the photodetectors 60L and 60H, and a sampling control signal is sent to the detection signal processing unit 70 to control each operation. .
- the detection signal processing unit 70 includes an A / D converter 71, a signal feature extraction unit 72, a defect information calculation processing unit 73, and a calculation basic data storage unit 74.
- the scattered light detection signals supplied from the devices 60L and 60H are processed to detect defects generated on the semiconductor wafer 30.
- the A / D converter 71 receives the scattered light detection signal that is sent from the photodetectors 60L and 60H and is composed of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P of the image sensor 61, and performs A / D conversion to extract signal features. To the unit 72.
- the signal feature extraction unit 72 takes in the digitized scattered light detection signal sequentially supplied from the A / D converter 71 and accumulates the pixel outputs of the plurality of sensor pixels P separately for each sensor pixel P. On the other hand, the signal feature extraction unit 72 performs the pixel feature detection for each sensor pixel P based on the sampling control signal supplied from the control signal generation unit 80 in parallel with the accumulation of the pixel output for each sensor pixel P described above. From the accumulated output, a new set of pixel outputs corresponding to the sampling time of the defect image df, ie, the transit time Tp required for the defect image df of optical resolution (defect size) to pass over one sensor pixel P, is newly created.
- Extraction is performed in synchronism with the capture of the pixel output, and signal features C (P) of the pixel output for each sensor pixel P are sequentially generated.
- the signal feature extraction unit 72 generates the signal feature C (P) of the pixel output for each sensor pixel P for each sensor pixel P.
- the signal feature extraction unit 72 sequentially supplies the generated signal feature C (P) of the pixel output for each sensor pixel P to the defect information calculation processing unit 73.
- the sensor pixel boundary side q1 in which the defect image df of the optical resolution (defect size) forms a pair of oblique sides on the pixel surface of the sensor pixel P. , Q3, and an example of a passing state of the defect image df when passing without inscribed temporarily, and pixel output signals of the sensor pixels P1 to P4 generated by the signal feature extraction unit 72 at the time of passing Features C (P1) to C (P4) are shown.
- the defect image df is temporarily inscribed with the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 forming a pair of oblique sides on the pixel surface of the sensor pixel P, and at the same time the sensor pixel boundary side.
- the signal features C (P1) to C (P4) of the pixel outputs of the pixels P1 to P4 are shown.
- the center of the defect image df is inclined with respect to the passing direction ms on the pixel surface of the defect image df.
- the sensor pixel boundary side q3 is shown in a state where it passes through the center in the length direction, that is, the center in the passing direction ms.
- the defect information calculation processing unit 73 includes a symmetry determination unit 75, a coordinate calculation unit 76, and an adjacent image integration unit 77, and each unit is configured to perform processing as described below.
- the symmetry determination unit 75 is based on the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P sequentially supplied from the signal feature extraction unit 72, and the pixels of the sensor pixels P that include the defect image df therein. It is determined whether or not there is an output signal feature C (P), and the signal feature C (P) of the pixel output of each sensor pixel P including the defect image df is extracted. The symmetry determining unit 75 determines the symmetry of the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs between the pixel features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P including the defect image df.
- the signal feature C (P) is extracted.
- the symmetry determination unit 75 determines the symmetry of the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P including the defect image df, for example, both include the defect image df and are arranged in the arrangement direction. Further, the determination is made based on whether or not a peak (maximum) portion of the output is included in the signal feature C (P) of the pixel output of each of the plurality of sensor pixels P.
- the sensor pixels P0, P1, P2,... Of the isosceles triangle shape shown in FIG. 2 have the height directions of the adjacent sensor pixels P opposite to each other, and the sensor pixel P of the defect image df.
- the image pickup device 61 configured by arranging a plurality in the direction perpendicular to the passage direction ms with respect to the signal characteristic C (P) of the pixel output of each of the sensor pixels P arranged continuously including the defect image df as follows. Judge symmetry between each other.
- the center of the defect image df shown in the column 210 is not temporarily inscribed with the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 that form a pair of oblique sides facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms.
- the sensor pixels arranged continuously including the defect image df The signal output characteristics C (P1), C (P2), C (P3), and C (P4) of the pixel outputs of P1, P2, P3, and P4 all include a peak (maximum) portion of the pixel output.
- the symmetry of the signal features C (P1), C (P2), C (P3), and C (P4) of the pixel output can be determined.
- the peak (maximum) portion of the pixel output is included in all the signal features C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P1, P2, and P3 that are continuously arranged including the defect image df. Is included, it is possible to determine the symmetry between the signal characteristics C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) of the pixel output.
- the defect image df center shown in the column 230 is not inscribed temporarily with the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 forming a pair of oblique sides facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms.
- the defect region df is included in a row.
- the pixel output signal features C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) of each of the sensor pixels P1, P2, and P3 include the peak (maximum) portion of the pixel output, The symmetry of signal features C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) can be judged.
- the center of the defect image df is the center in the length direction of one of the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 forming a pair of oblique sides facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms.
- the defect image df passes through the defect image df in the passage direction entrance side, but the defect image df is included even when the center of the defect image df is omitted from the drawing in the opposite passage direction exit side.
- the signal feature C (P) of the pixel output of each sensor pixel P connected in a line is only symmetrical in shape with respect to the central portion in the length direction of the sensor pixel boundary side q, as in the cases 2 and 3 described above.
- the defect image df is included.
- the signal feature C (P) of each of the sensor pixels P continuously provided in step S is supplied from the symmetry determination unit 75 to the coordinate calculation unit 76.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 confirms the symmetry by the symmetry determination unit 75, and stores the signal features C (P) of the sensor pixels P arranged continuously including the defect image df in the calculation basic data storage unit 74.
- the coordinate position of the defect corresponding to the defect image df on the semiconductor wafer 30 is calculated in comparison with the data table stored as.
- the coordinate position data is relative to the distance r in the wafer radial direction with the rotation center of the semiconductor wafer 30 as the origin and the reference rotation position. If it is calculated with a circular coordinate (r- ⁇ coordinate) consisting of a declination angle ⁇ and applied to a pattern inspection apparatus, an orthogonal coordinate (xy coordinate) on the wafer surface with a predetermined position as the origin ).
- the sensor pixels P0, P1, P2,... Of the isosceles triangle shape shown in FIG. 2 have the height directions of the adjacent sensor pixels P opposite to each other, and the sensor pixel P of the defect image df.
- the coordinates of the defect corresponding to the defect image df on the wafer surface can be calculated as follows, for example.
- Signal feature C (P) of the sensor pixel P is a signal feature of each pixel output of the sensor pixel P in the sampling timing state in which the center position in the passing direction of the defect image df of the sensor pixel P and the center position of the defect image df coincide.
- C (P) is a signal feature of each pixel output of the sensor pixel P in the sampling timing state in which the center position in the passing direction of the defect image df of the sensor pixel P and the center position of the defect image df coincide.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 determines from the sampling timing defined by the sampling rate and sampling time when the signal features C (P1) to C (P4) whose symmetry has been confirmed by the symmetry determination unit 75 are extracted. Coordinate position data ( ⁇ or x) in the main scanning direction (R direction or X direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 can be acquired for the defect corresponding to the defect image df.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 is the signal characteristics C (P1) to C
- the center of the defect image is the sensor pixel boundary side q1 or q3 of which sensor pixel P is in which position in the passing direction of the defect image df, that is, which sampling rate It can be acquired by detecting whether it passes at the sampling timing.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 confirms the symmetry by the symmetry determination unit 75, and all of the pixel outputs signal features C (P1) of the sensor pixels P1 to P4 connected in the arrangement direction including the defect image df. ) To C (P4) based on the mutual correlation, the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 is obtained. For example, in cases 1, 2, and 3 as indicated by columns 210, 220, and 230 in FIG.
- the center of the defect image df shown in the column 210 is not temporarily inscribed with the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 that form a pair of oblique sides facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms.
- the defect image df of optical resolution is Regarding the time lapse t1 / 2 that is half the time lapse t0 to t1 corresponding to the passage time Tp required to pass over the sensor pixel P, the signal feature C (P2) of the pixel output of the sensor pixel P2 and the pixel of the sensor pixel P3 It can be expressed as a waveform between the output signal feature C (P3) or between the signal feature C (P1) of the pixel output of the sensor pixel P1 and the signal feature C (P4) of the pixel output of the sensor pixel P4. Line to each other's pixel output characteristics Referred correlation occurs.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 has signal characteristics C (P1) to C (P4) of the pixel outputs of the plurality of sensor pixels P1 to P4 connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 is based on the sampling timing at which the signal features C (P1) to C (P4) of the pixel outputs are acquired and the above-described correlation calculation result between the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 can be calculated.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df is, for example, the center of each of the sensor pixels P2 and P3 at this sampling timing. It can be calculated by a method such as averaging the scanning positions in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface.
- the center of the defect image df passes through the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 that form a pair of oblique sides facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 has signal characteristics C (P1) to C (P3) of pixel outputs of the plurality of sensor pixels P1 to P3 connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 is based on the sampling timing at which the signal features C (P1) to C (P3) of the pixel outputs are acquired and the above-described correlation calculation result between the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 can be calculated.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df is, for example, the wafer surface at the center of the sensor pixel P2 at this sampling timing. It can be calculated from the scanning position in the upper sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction).
- the center of the defect image df indicated by the column 230 is not temporarily inscribed with the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 that form a pair of oblique sides facing each other in the direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms.
- the sensor pixel boundary side q that is inclined with respect to the passing direction ms on the pixel surface passes from the central portion in the length direction toward the entrance side in the passing direction, the pixels of the sensor pixels P1, P2, and P3 respectively.
- Each of the output signal features C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) does not have a special correlation as in the case 1 or 2 described above, and the pixel output signal features C (P1), The relationship between the sizes of C (P2), C (P3), C (P4), and the signal characteristics C (P1), C (P2), C (P3), and C (P4) of the pixel output are described above. The relationship has changed with respect to the case 1 or 2 having a correlation.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 has signal characteristics C (P1) to C (P4) of the pixel outputs of the plurality of sensor pixels P1 to P4 connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface. , The correlation calculation of the signal features C (P) and the signal features C (P) is performed. As a result, the coordinate calculation unit 76 acquires the sampling timing at which the signal features C (P1) to C (P4) of the pixel outputs are acquired, the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs, and the signal features C (P).
- the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 is calculated. Can do.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df is, for example, each of the sensor pixels P1, P2, and P3 at this sampling timing.
- Pixel output signal characteristics C (P1), C (P2), C (P3) and pixel output signal characteristics C (P1), C ( The change rate of the correlation between P2) and C (P3) is calculated, and the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface at the center of the sensor pixel P2 at this sampling timing according to this change rate ) Can be calculated by correcting the scanning position.
- the center of the defect image df is the center in the length direction of one of the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 forming a pair of oblique sides facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms.
- the case 2 described above is passed. 3 coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df can be calculated.
- a plurality of adjacent image integration units 77 are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the main scanning direction of the illumination spot 32 on the wafer surface 31, that is, in the sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32 on the wafer surface 31.
- Sensors sequentially supplied from the signal feature extraction unit 72 to the defect information calculation processing unit 73 in relation to the sensor pixel P (P0, P1, P2,... In the illustrated example) of the image sensor 61 of each of the photodetectors 60L and 60H.
- the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the adjacent sensor pixels P are added (in the example shown, C (P0) and C ( P1), C (P1) and C (P2), C (P2) and C (P3),.
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of signal feature addition processing of pixel outputs between adjacent sensor pixels performed by the adjacent image integration unit.
- the adjacent image integration unit 77 performs signal processing C (P2), C (P3) of the pixel outputs of the adjacent sensor pixels P2, P3 as an example. ) Are added to each other, and the signal feature C (P2 + P3) of the adjacent sensor pixels P2 and P3 is integrated. 3, the same components as those in FIG. 2 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the calculation basic data storage unit 74 calculates the processing program executed by each unit 75 to 77 of the defect information calculation processing unit 73, the theoretical value data and the actual measurement value data used in the execution, and the like. Stored as basic data. For example, in relation to the calculation processing of the coordinate position data on the wafer surface by the coordinate calculation unit 76 for the defect, a theoretical or actual measurement value is previously associated with each coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction on the wafer surface 31.
- the calculation table in which the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the plurality of sensor pixels P connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df obtained by the above passes on the pixel surface is stored in advance as calculation basic data.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 can easily calculate the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect in the sub-scanning direction by data matching with the calculation table.
- the specific contents of the calculation basic data tabulated above are merely examples, and various modifications are possible.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 calculates the coordinate position of the defect corresponding to the defect image df on the semiconductor wafer 30 as well as a plurality of sensors connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface.
- Various modifications can be made based on the characteristics described in the above cases 1 to 3 with respect to the signal characteristics C (P) of the pixel output of each pixel P.
- the defect information calculation processing unit 73 including the symmetry determination unit 75, the coordinate calculation unit 76, and the adjacent image integration unit 77, the defect corresponding to the defect image df calculated by the coordinate calculation unit 76.
- the coordinate position data on the wafer surface and the total detected light amount of each adjacent sensor pixel calculated by the adjacent image integration unit 77 are supplied as defect information to a defect review apparatus (not shown) and used for defect determination processing.
- the defect inspection apparatus 1 and the image sensor 61 according to the present embodiment are configured. Next, the operation and effect will be described.
- the image sensor 61 has the isosceles triangular sensor pixels P1, P2, P3,... Arranged in the sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32 with the direction of the height direction between the adjacent sensor pixels P reversed.
- a plurality of the defect images df are arranged in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms with respect to the sensor pixel P of the defect image df.
- the pixel size of each sensor pixel P is also configured to be equal to the optical resolution of the defect (defect image size) in order to increase the SN ratio of the pixel output.
- the defect image df is in a direction perpendicular to the passage direction ms with respect to the passage direction ms of the defect image df, that is, the illumination spot 32.
- the center of the defect image df passes through the sensor pixel boundary side q inclined in the sub-scanning direction.
- the detection signal processing unit 70 determines symmetry based on the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P sequentially supplied by the signal feature extraction unit 72.
- the unit 75 confirms the symmetry of the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P arranged continuously including the defect image df, and the coordinate calculation unit 76 outputs the pixel outputs of the confirmed sensor pixels P.
- the coordinate position of the defect corresponding to the defect image df on the semiconductor wafer 30 can be detected using the correlation between the signal features C (P).
- the passing position of the defect image df with respect to the sensor pixel P on the image sensor 61 is changed in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction (passing direction of the defect image) (main scanning direction of the illumination spot 32), and the illumination beam is changed. Even if the amount of light detected by one sensor pixel P of scattered light generated from a defect having an irradiated optical resolution (defect size) changes, the coordinates on the semiconductor wafer 30 of the defect corresponding to the defect image df The position can be detected with high accuracy.
- the center of the defect image df is between these adjacent sensor pixels P from the signal feature (detection signal waveform) C (P) of the adjacent sensor pixels P on both sides.
- the state of passing through the center of the sensor pixel P can be determined, and the signal reproducibility (detection signal waveform) C (P) of the sensor pixel P between the adjacent sensor pixels P provides detection reproducibility of the defect image and the detection signal waveform of the defect. improves.
- the center of the defect image df is the scanning direction of the sensor pixel P from the signal feature (detection signal waveform) C (P) of the sensor pixels P adjacent to each other, as in the case 1 shown by the column 210 in FIG.
- the state of passing through the center of the defect image can be determined, and the defect signal and the defect detection signal waveform in the state where the center of the defect image df passes through the center of the sensor pixel P in the scanning direction (passing direction of the defect image) Can be reproduced and detection reproducibility is improved.
- the center of the defect image df is not inscribed at the same time as the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 with the adjacent sensor pixels P on both sides. Even when the sensor pixel P does not pass through the center in the scanning direction (passing direction of the defect image), the defect image and the detection signal waveform of the defect are displayed on the adjacent sensor pixels P on both sides or between these adjacent sensor pixels P. This is the ratio of signal components to background noise components (scattered light components and white noise caused by the roughness of the wafer surface) included in each of the scattered light detection signals from the photodetectors 60L and 60H from the sensor pixels P.
- the coordinate position of the defect corresponding to the defect image df on the semiconductor wafer 30 can be obtained and the defect image and the detection signal waveform of the defect can be reproduced mainly by the pixel P having the maximum SN ratio. It is improved defect detection sensitivity.
- FIG. 4 shows a modification of the isosceles triangular sensor pixel applied to the image sensor shown in FIG.
- the sensor pixel P has a size that circumscribes the defect image df, in which a defect image df having a diffraction-limited optical resolution (optical resolution; 0.61 * ⁇ / NA, ⁇ : illumination wavelength, NA: lens numerical aperture) can be inscribed. It is a regular triangle shape or an isosceles triangle shape.
- Both are inscribed in the bottom side q2 in addition to the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 that form a pair of oblique sides on the pixel surface of the sensor pixel P, and are the ratio of the background noise component to the signal component.
- the S / N ratio is maximized.
- the sensor pixel P when a plurality of sensor pixels P are arranged in the direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms of the defect image df with respect to the sensor pixel P, that is, in the sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32, the sensor pixel P is a pixel.
- the detection surface length of the image sensor 61 along the direction perpendicular to the passage direction ms can be increased without increasing the number or reducing the SN ratio.
- the sensor pixel P in FIG. 4B has a transit time Tp required for the defect image df having the optical resolution (defect size) to pass over one sensor pixel P in synchronization with the scanning of the illumination spot 32 (main scanning). That is, the sampling time of the defect image df can be increased.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a modified example for reducing the signal processing scale of the defect information calculation processing unit.
- the signal performed by the adjacent image integration unit 77 of the defect information calculation processing unit 73 In the processing, a configuration is shown in which the signal feature extraction unit 72 outside the defect information calculation processing unit 73 can perform the processing of adding the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the adjacent sensor pixels P.
- the digitized scattered light detection signal supplied from the A / D converter 71 by the signal feature extraction unit 72 is sequentially captured, and the pixel output of each of the plurality of sensor pixels P is displayed for each sensor pixel P.
- the configuration divided into the plurality of sensor pixels P is expressed by each of the plurality of sensor pixels P.
- an adder (adder circuit) 79 for adding the pixel outputs of adjacent sensor pixels P (m) and P (m + 1) to each other is provided in the signal feature extraction unit 72. It has become. Accordingly, the signal feature extraction unit 72 performs the defect information calculation processing unit on the signal feature C (Pm + Pm + 1) of each adjacent sensor pixel in the same manner as the signal feature C (P) of the pixel output between the adjacent sensor pixels P. 73 can be supplied.
- the adder 79 is used in the signal feature extraction unit 72 of the detection signal processing unit 70 to add the pixel outputs of the adjacent sensor pixels P (m) and P (m + 1).
- an adder is similarly provided on the side of the photodetectors 60L and 60H that transmit the scattered light detection signal composed of the pixel output of each sensor pixel P. It is also possible.
- FIG. 6 is a configuration diagram of an image sensor of a photodetector applied to the defect inspection apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention, and an explanatory diagram of a defect detection method by this defect inspection apparatus.
- the defect inspection apparatus is similar to the defect inspection apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the illumination light source 10, the illumination optical systems 20 ⁇ / b> L and 20 ⁇ / b> H, the stage mechanism 40, The imaging optical systems 50L and 50H, the photodetectors 60L and 60H, the detection signal processing unit 70, and the control signal generation unit 80 are configured, and the imaging elements 61 of the photodetectors 60L and 60H are provided. Only the configuration is different. Therefore, in the description, the same and similar configurations are denoted by the same reference numerals as those of the defect inspection apparatus 1 according to the first embodiment, and redundant description is omitted.
- each of the sensor pixels P0, P1, P2, P3,... Of the image sensor 61 is the sensor pixel P0, P1, P2, P3,. .. Basic configuration (arrangement direction of sensor pixels P perpendicular to the passing direction ms with respect to the sensor pixel P of the defect image df on the sensor pixel in at least three sensor pixel boundary sides q of one sensor pixel P
- the shape of each sensor pixel P is It has a parallelogram shape.
- four sensor pixel boundary sides q that define one sensor pixel P of a parallelogram shape are a pair of opposite sides q2 parallel to a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms with respect to the sensor pixel P of the defect image df.
- q4 and a pair of opposite sides q1 and q3 that are inclined with respect to the passing direction ms with respect to the sensor pixel P of the defect image df on the sensor pixel are formed.
- each sensor pixel P and its size are such that the length of each pair of opposite sides q2 and q4 parallel to the direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms of the defect image df to the sensor pixel P is a defect image having an optical resolution. It is equal to the width dimension (diameter dimension) Ddf in the same direction of df, that is, the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) of the illumination spot 32, and one of the pair of diagonal lines is parallel to the passage direction ms. .
- the symmetry determining unit 75 determines the symmetry between the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P arranged continuously including the defect image df.
- the center of the defect image df shown in the column 610 passes on a diagonal line parallel to the passing direction ms of the defect image df of the sensor pixel P2 having a parallelogram shape, that is, passes through the center of the sensor pixel P2.
- the peak (maximum) portion of the pixel output is included in all of the signal features C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P1, P2, and P3 that are continuously arranged including the defect image df. Is included, it is possible to determine the symmetry between the signal characteristics C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) of the pixel output.
- the peak (maximum) portion of the pixel output is present in the signal features C (P1) and C (P2) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P1 and P2 that are continuously arranged including the defect image df.
- the pixel characteristics are all included in the signal features C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P1, P2, and P3 that are continuously provided including the defect image df. Since the output peak (maximum) portion is included, it is possible to determine the symmetry of the signal features C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) of the pixel output.
- the defect image df is omitted even when the center of the defect image df is shifted to the entrance side in the opposite direction.
- the defect image df is included.
- the signal feature C (P) of each of the sensor pixels P continuously provided in step S is supplied from the symmetry determination unit 75 to the coordinate calculation unit 76.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 confirms the symmetry by the symmetry determination unit 75, and stores the signal features C (P) of the sensor pixels P arranged continuously including the defect image df in the calculation basic data storage unit 74.
- the coordinate position of the defect corresponding to the defect image df on the semiconductor wafer 30 is calculated in comparison with the data table stored as.
- the coordinate position data is relative to the distance r in the wafer radial direction with the rotation center of the semiconductor wafer 30 as the origin and the reference rotation position. If it is calculated with a circular coordinate (r- ⁇ coordinate) consisting of a declination angle ⁇ and applied to a pattern inspection apparatus, an orthogonal coordinate (xy coordinate) on the wafer surface with a predetermined position as the origin ).
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 can calculate the coordinates on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df, for example, as follows.
- the symmetry determination unit 75 confirms the symmetry, and all of the pixel outputs of the plurality of sensor pixels P arranged in the array direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface.
- Signal feature C (P) of the sensor pixel P is a signal feature of each pixel output of the sensor pixel P in the sampling timing state in which the center position in the passing direction of the defect image df of the sensor pixel P and the center position of the defect image df coincide.
- C (P) is a signal feature of each pixel output of the sensor pixel P in the sampling timing state in which the center position in the passing direction of the defect image df of the sensor pixel P and the center position of the defect image df coincide.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 determines from the sampling timing defined by the sampling rate and sampling time when the signal features C (P1) to C (P3) whose symmetry has been confirmed by the symmetry determination unit 75 are extracted. Coordinate position data ( ⁇ or x) in the main scanning direction (R direction or X direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 can be acquired for the defect corresponding to the defect image df.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 is the signal characteristics C (P1) to C
- the center of the defect image is the sensor pixel boundary side q1 or q3 of which sensor pixel P is oblique, at which position in the passing direction of the defect image df, that is, at what sampling rate. It can be acquired by detecting whether it passes at the sampling timing.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 confirms the symmetry by the symmetry determination unit 75, and all of the pixel output signals of the sensor pixels P1 to P3 connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface. Based on the correlation between the features C (P1) to C (P3), the coordinate position data (r in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 of the defect corresponding to the defect image df. Alternatively, y) is acquired as follows in cases 1, 2, and 3 as indicated by columns 610, 620, and 630 in FIG. 6, for example.
- the center of the defect image df passes through the diagonal line parallel to the passing direction ms of the defect image df of the sensor pixel P2 having the parallelogram shape in the center of the defect image df.
- the signal feature C (P1) of the pixel output of the sensor pixel P1 and the signal feature C (P3) of the pixel output of the sensor pixel P3, which are arranged on both sides of the pixel P2, respectively, are defective in optical resolution (defect size).
- a line-symmetric correlation occurs between the pixel output characteristics that can be expressed as a waveform with respect to the signal feature C (P3) of the pixel output of P3.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 has signal characteristics C (P1) to C (P3) of pixel outputs of the plurality of sensor pixels P1 to P3 connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 is based on the sampling timing at which the signal features C (P1) to C (P3) of the pixel outputs are acquired and the above-described correlation calculation result between the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 can be calculated.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 uses the coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df, for example, as the sensor pixel at this sampling timing. It can be calculated from the scanning position in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface at the center of P2.
- a time lapse t1 / 2 that is half the time lapse t0 to t1 corresponding to the transit time Tp required for the defect image df of optical resolution (defect size) to pass over the sensor pixel P.
- the pixel output characteristics that can be expressed as a waveform are line-symmetrically correlated. Comes to occur.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 has signal characteristics C (P1) to C (P3) of pixel outputs of the plurality of sensor pixels P1 to P3 connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 is based on the sampling timing at which the signal features C (P1) to C (P3) of the pixel outputs are acquired and the above-described correlation calculation result between the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 can be calculated.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df is, for example, the center of each of the sensor pixels P2 and P3 at this sampling timing. It can be calculated by a method such as averaging the scanning positions in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface.
- the signal features C (P1), C (P2), and C (P3) of the pixel outputs of the sensor pixels P1, P2, and P3 are as in the case 1 and the case 2 described above, respectively.
- the pixel output signal features C (P1), C (P2), C (P3), and the pixel output signal features C (P1), C (P2), C (P3) The mutual relationship is a changed relationship with respect to the case 1 or 2 having the above correlation.
- the coordinate calculation unit 76 outputs signal features C (P1) to C (P3) of each of the plurality of sensor pixels P1 to P3 connected in the arrangement direction in which the defect image df passes on the pixel surface. , The correlation calculation of the signal features C (P) and the signal features C (P) is performed. As a result, the coordinate calculation unit 76 obtains the sampling timing at which the signal features C (P1) to C (P3) of the pixel outputs are acquired, the signal features C (P) of the pixel outputs, and the signal features C (P).
- the coordinate position data (r or y) of the defect corresponding to the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the semiconductor wafer 30 is calculated. Can do.
- the coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df is, for example, each of the sensor pixels P1, P2, and P3 at this sampling timing.
- Pixel output signal characteristics C (P1), C (P2), C (P3) and pixel output signal characteristics C (P1), C ( The change rate of the correlation between P2) and C (P3) is calculated, and the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface at the center of the sensor pixel P2 at this sampling timing according to this change rate ) Can be calculated by correcting the scanning position.
- the center of the defect image df is the center in the length direction of one of the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q3 forming a pair of oblique sides facing each other in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms.
- the case 2 described above is passed. 3 coordinate position data (r or y) in the sub-scanning direction (r direction or Y direction) on the wafer surface of the defect corresponding to the defect image df can be calculated.
- the sensor pixel P on the image sensor 61 is the same as the defect inspection apparatus 1 and the image sensor 61 according to the first embodiment. From the defect of the optical resolution (defect size) irradiated with the illumination beam, the passing position of the defect image df with respect to is changed in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction (passing direction of the defect image) (sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32). Even if the amount of light detected by the sensor pixel P of the generated scattered light changes, the coordinate position of the defect corresponding to the defect image df on the semiconductor wafer 30 can be detected with high accuracy. Further, the detection reproducibility of the defect image and the detection signal waveform of the defect is improved, and the defect detection sensitivity is also improved.
- the detection signal processing unit 70 includes an A / D converter 71, a signal feature extraction unit 72, and a defect information calculation processing unit 73.
- the signal feature extraction unit 72 is further provided with a noise threshold storage unit 78. .
- the signal feature extraction unit 72 is supplied as a scattered light detection signal from the photodetectors 60 ⁇ / b> L and 60 ⁇ / b> H when supplying the signal feature of the pixel output for each sensor pixel P to the defect information calculation processing unit 74.
- the noise threshold THn stored in the noise threshold storage unit 78 is used. The background noise component is removed from the pixel output of each sensor pixel P acquired by sequentially acquiring through the AD converter 71, and the signal feature C (P) of the pixel output for each sensor pixel P is generated. .
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of a background noise component removal process for removing a background noise component from each pixel output of the sensor pixel P performed by the signal feature extraction unit.
- the signal feature C (P) of the pixel output from which the background noise component is removed for each sensor pixel P is the signal feature C of the pixel output for each sensor pixel P before removing the noise component, as shown in FIG. .. (P1), C (P2), C (P3),... are obtained by removing signal feature portions less than or equal to the noise threshold THn, and the noise in the pixel output of the sensor pixel P before the background noise component is removed.
- the pixel output portion exceeds the threshold value.
- FIG. 8 is a configuration diagram of an image sensor applied to the defect inspection apparatus according to the present embodiment.
- the defect inspection apparatus has the same configuration as that of the defect inspection apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 except for the configuration of sensor pixels of the image sensor 61.
- any sensor pixel P of the image sensor applied to the defect inspection apparatus 1 is the parallelogram sensor pixel P of the image sensor 61 shown in FIG.
- a defect image df having a diffraction-limited optical resolution can be inscribed, and is parallel to the size of the defect image df. It has a quadrilateral shape.
- the sensor pixel P shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C has a defect image df when the defect image df of optical resolution (defect size) passes on the pixel surface along the passage direction ms shown in the drawing.
- the defect image df has all the sensor pixel boundary sides q1 and q2 as in the case of the sensor pixel P having an isosceles triangle shape shown in FIG. , Q3, q4 are temporarily inscribed, and at the time of inscribed, the defect image df has a shape and a size that are entirely overlapped on the pixel surface of the sensor pixel P.
- the defect image df is inscribed, in the case of the parallelogram shaped sensor pixels P shown in FIGS. 8A to 8C, they are perpendicular to the passing direction ms and face each other in the passing direction ms. Since the paired sensor pixel boundary sides q2 and q4 are also in contact with each other, the center of the defect image df coincides with the center of the pixel surface of the sensor pixel P.
- the imaging element 61 is arranged in the passing direction ms.
- the passing position of the center of the defect image df in the sub-scanning direction deviates from the inscribed position along the vertical direction, that is, the sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32
- the pixel output of one sensor pixel P is set to a shift amount. It can be changed accordingly. Thereby, the feeding of the illumination spot 32 in the sub-scanning direction can be accelerated.
- the sensor pixel P shown in FIG. 8B has a plurality of sensor pixels P arranged in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms of the defect image df with respect to the sensor pixel P, that is, in the sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32.
- the SN ratio that is the ratio between the background noise component and the signal component is maximized.
- the center of the sensor pixel P is defined as the defect image df.
- the optical resolution (defect size) is not limited as long as the defect image df can be inscribed between the pair of opposite sides q2 and q4 parallel to the direction perpendicular to the passage direction ms. ) Of the defect image df passing through the one sensor pixel P in synchronization with the scanning of the illumination spot 32 (main scanning), that is, the sampling time of the defect image df can be increased.
- FIG. 9 is an explanatory diagram of an embodiment for reducing the signal processing scale of the defect inspection apparatus.
- FIG. 9 shows the defect image df in which the sensor pixels P0, P1, P2,... In the isosceles triangle shape shown in FIG.
- the defect inspection apparatus 1 having the photodetectors 60L and 60H provided with the image pickup element 61 arranged in a direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms with respect to the sensor pixel P of the parallel pixel shape shown in FIG. ..
- the device functions as the defect inspection apparatus 1.
- the defect inspection apparatus 1 has a configuration similar to that of the defect inspection apparatus 1 shown in FIG. 1 and includes the isosceles triangular sensor pixels P0, P1, P2,.
- Photodetection provided with an image sensor 61 that is configured by arranging a plurality of adjacent sensor pixels P in the direction perpendicular to the passing direction ms of the defect image df with respect to the sensor pixels P, with the height directions of the adjacent sensor pixels P being opposite to each other.
- the configuration for transmitting the scattered light detection signal to the detection signal processing unit 70 is different.
- the photodetectors 60L and 60H are provided with an adder 63 for adding the pixel outputs of adjacent sensor pixels P as shown in FIG. Thereby, the sensor pixels P0, P1, P2,... In the isosceles triangle shape are parallel to each other by using the adjacent isosceles triangle sensor pixels P0, P1, P2,.
- FIG. 10 is an explanatory diagram applied to a defect inspection apparatus having a photodetector having a single-pixel imaging device whose sensor pixel size is larger than the optical resolution (defect size).
- the sensor pixels P ⁇ b> 0 and P ⁇ b> 1 having two right-angled triangles are arranged in the direction of passage ms with respect to the sensor pixel P of the defect image df, with the height directions of the adjacent sensor pixels P being opposite to each other. It has an image sensor 61 arranged in a vertical direction.
- the pixel surfaces of the sensor pixels P0 and P1 are larger than the optical resolution (defect size).
- the configuration and operation of the defect inspection apparatus 1 are the same as the configuration and operation of the defect inspection apparatus 1 of the first embodiment, except that the photodetectors 60L and 60H having the image sensor 61 described above are different.
- the defect inspection apparatus 1 and the image sensor 61 according to the first embodiment are similar to those on the image sensor 61. Even if the passing position of the defect image df with respect to the sensor pixel P in this case changes in the direction perpendicular to the scanning direction (passing direction of the defect image) (sub-scanning direction of the illumination spot 32), the defect corresponding to the defect image df The coordinate position on the semiconductor wafer 30 can be detected with high accuracy. Further, the detection reproducibility of the defect image and the detection signal waveform of the defect is improved, and the defect detection sensitivity is also improved.
- the coordinate position of the defective semiconductor wafer 30 can be detected with high accuracy, so the illuminance distribution is made Gaussian. There is no need to overscan the illumination spot, and inspection throughput, detection reproducibility, and detection sensitivity can be improved.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a first comparative example.
- the image sensor 611 has a configuration in which a plurality of square sensor pixels P are arranged.
- the passing position of the defect image df with respect to the sensor pixel P on the image sensor 611 is perpendicular to the scanning direction.
- the pixel output also changes, and the SN ratio of the defect detection image also changes.
- the center of the defect image df does not coincide with the center of the sensor pixel P of the image sensor 611, and the center of the defect image df coincides with the boundary between the sensor pixel P1 and the adjacent sensor pixel P2.
- the SN ratio of the pixel output of the sensor pixel P is reduced to 1/2 at maximum.
- FIG. 12A is a diagram showing a second comparative example.
- the pixel size dimension ry along the direction perpendicular to the passing direction of the defect image df is set to a half dimension ry / 2 and adjacent to each other.
- the pixel output of the sensor pixel is averaged to perform an adjacent pixel averaging process for obtaining the pixel output.
- the SN ratio of the pixel output of each sensor pixel P is improved to 1 / ( ⁇ 2).
- the optical resolution of the defect is halved, and the size of the resolved defect is the actual size. It will be twice the size.
- the image sensor 611 is a single sensor pixel, even if the SN ratio of the pixel output is a high value at which a minute defect can be detected, the pixel size ry is If it is too large compared to the optical resolution of the defect, the position of the defect df on the wafer surface cannot be detected unless the illumination spot 32 having an illuminance distribution of Gaussian distribution is overscanned, and the inspection time also increases. .
- the image sensor is configured by arranging a plurality of sensor pixels in a predetermined direction.
- the sensor pixels of the image sensor are opposed to each other in the arrangement direction among a plurality of sensor pixel boundary sides forming the outer edge of the sensor pixel. It is sufficient that at least one of the pair of sensor pixel boundaries is inclined with respect to the passing direction of the defect image perpendicular to the predetermined direction, and the specific shape may be various specific shapes such as a trapezoidal shape. Shape is applicable.
- the inspection apparatus is not limited to the semiconductor wafer appearance inspection apparatus, and the processing configuration of the detection signal processing unit 70 can be modified in accordance with the specific configuration of the imaging element.
- 1 defect inspection apparatus 10 illumination light source, 20, 20L, 20H illumination optical system, 21 illumination shaping optical system, 22 beam expander, 23 polarizing element, 25, 25L, 25H irradiation optical system, 26, 26L, 26H reflection mirror, 27, 27L, 27H illumination lens, 30 semiconductor wafer, 31 wafer surface, 32 illumination spot, 40 stage mechanism, 41 position detection encoder, 50, 50L, 50H imaging optical system, 51, 51L, 51H detection lens, 60, 60L, 60H photodetector, 61 image sensor, 63 adder, 70 detection signal processing unit, 71 A / D converter, 72 signal feature extraction unit, 73 Defect information calculation processing unit, 74 Calculation basic data storage unit 75 Symmetry determination unit, 76 Coordinate calculation unit, 77 Adjacent image integration unit 78 Noise threshold value storage unit, 79 Adder, 80 Control signal generation unit, ms Main scanning direction, P sensor pixel, q sensor pixel boundary side, df Defect image All publications, patents and patent applications cited in this specification are
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の第1の実施の形態に係る、半導体ウェハのウェハ表面の異物、傷等の欠陥を検査する欠陥検査装置の概略構成図である。
図6は、本発明の第2の実施の形態に係る欠陥検査装置に適用される光検出器の撮像素子の構成図、及びこの欠陥検査装置による欠陥検出方法の説明図である。
欄620で示した、欠陥像dfの中心が、センサ画素P2(P3)の、欠陥像dfの画素面上の通過方向msに対して傾斜しているセンサ画素境界辺q3(q1)の長さ方向中央部を通過するケース2では、欠陥像dfを含んで連設したセンサ画素P1,P2それぞれの画素出力の信号特徴C(P1),C(P2)に画素出力のピーク(極大)部分が含まれていることで、画素出力の信号特徴C(P1),C(P2)同士の対称性判断を行える。
図1において、第1,第2の実施の形態に係る欠陥検査装置1では、検出信号処理部70は、A/D変換器71と、信号特徴抽出部72と、欠陥情報演算処理部73と、演算基本データ記憶部74とを有する構成であったのに対し、本実施の形態に係る欠陥検査装置1では、信号特徴抽出部72に、さらにノイズしきい値記憶部78が付設されている。
図8は、本実施の形態に係る欠陥検査装置に適用される撮像素子の構成図である。
図9は、欠陥検査装置の信号処理規模を低減する一実施の形態の説明図である。
図10は、センサ画素サイズが光学解像度(欠陥サイズ)に対し大きい単画素の撮像素子を備えた光検出器を有する欠陥検査装置に適用した説明図である。
図11は、第1の比較例を示した図である。
図12(A)は、第2の比較例を示した図である。
図12(B),(C)は、第3の比較例を示した図である。
21 照明整形光学系、22 ビームエキスパンダ、23 偏光素子、
25,25L,25H 照射光学系、26,26L,26H 反射ミラー、
27,27L,27H 照明レンズ、30 半導体ウェハ、31 ウェハ表面、
32 照明スポット、40 ステージ機構、41 位置検出エンコーダ、
50,50L,50H 結像光学系、51,51L,51H 検出レンズ、
60,60L,60H 光検出器、61 撮像素子、63 加算器、
70 検出信号処理部、71 A/D変換器、72 信号特徴抽出部、
73 欠陥情報演算処理部、74 演算基本データ記憶部
75 対称性判断部、76 座標算出部、77 隣接画像積分部
78 ノイズしきい値記憶部、79 加算器、80 制御信号発生部、
ms 主走査方向、P センサ画素、q センサ画素境界辺、df 欠陥像
本明細書で引用した全ての刊行物、特許および特許出願をそのまま参考として本明細書にとり入れるものとする。
Claims (3)
- 基板表面に検査光を照射し、その際、検査光が照射された基板表面の照明スポットから発生する散乱光を撮像素子によって検出し、撮像素子からの出力を基に、基板上に生じた欠陥を検出する検査装置であって、
撮像素子は、基板上での検査光の照明スポットの主走査方向に対しての垂直方向に、複数のセンサ画素を配列して構成され、各センサ画素は、センサ画素の外縁部を形成する複数のセンサ画素境界辺の中、主走査方向に対しての垂直方向に相対向する一対のセンサ画素境界辺の中の少なくとも一方が、欠陥像の通過方向である主走査方向に対して傾斜していることを特徴とする検査装置。 - 検査光が照射された基板表面の照明スポットから発生する散乱光を検出するため、複数のセンサ画素を所定方向に配列して構成された撮像素子であって、
各センサ画素は、センサ画素の外縁部を形成する複数のセンサ画素境界辺の中、配列方向に相対向する一対のセンサ画素境界辺の中の少なくとも一方が、所定方向に対して垂直な、欠陥像の通過方向に対して傾斜していることを特徴とする撮像素子。 - 前記センサ画素の大きさは、欠陥の光学解像度の欠陥像と同等サイズに構成されていることを特徴とする請求項2記載の撮像素子。
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| KR20147028197A KR20140126774A (ko) | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-08 | 검사 장치 및 촬상 소자 |
| US14/391,338 US9791380B2 (en) | 2012-04-09 | 2013-04-08 | Inspection device and image capture element |
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| JP2012-088733 | 2012-04-09 |
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| JP5944850B2 (ja) * | 2013-03-11 | 2016-07-05 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 欠陥検査方法及びこれを用いた装置 |
| US10955361B2 (en) | 2017-07-18 | 2021-03-23 | Hitachi High-Tech Corporation | Defect inspection apparatus and pattern chip |
| JPWO2022163143A1 (ja) * | 2021-01-26 | 2022-08-04 | ||
| CN115713482B (zh) * | 2022-09-23 | 2025-08-29 | 深圳市亚略特科技股份有限公司 | 一种图像完整度判断方法、装置、电子设备及介质 |
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| JPS61104243A (ja) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 異物検出方法及びその装置 |
| JPS61104658A (ja) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体固体撮像素子アレイ |
| JPS61104244A (ja) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体ウエハ異物検出装置 |
| JPS61104242A (ja) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体ウェハ異物検査装置 |
| JPS61117433A (ja) * | 1984-11-14 | 1986-06-04 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体ウェハ異物検出方法及びその装置 |
| JPH09266517A (ja) * | 1996-01-24 | 1997-10-07 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 固体撮像素子および画像読取装置 |
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| US4740079A (en) | 1984-10-29 | 1988-04-26 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Method of and apparatus for detecting foreign substances |
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| US7009163B2 (en) * | 2001-06-22 | 2006-03-07 | Orbotech Ltd. | High-sensitivity optical scanning using memory integration |
| JP4807154B2 (ja) * | 2006-06-19 | 2011-11-02 | パナソニック株式会社 | 欠陥検出方法 |
| JP5100247B2 (ja) | 2007-08-09 | 2012-12-19 | 株式会社ケー・デー・イー | 光学的欠陥検出装置および検出方法 |
| KR100998781B1 (ko) | 2008-03-14 | 2010-12-06 | 오므론 가부시키가이샤 | 광학식 센서 장치 |
| JP5308327B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-28 | 2013-10-09 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 光学式磁気ディスク欠陥検査方法及びその装置 |
| JP5417205B2 (ja) | 2010-01-29 | 2014-02-12 | 株式会社日立ハイテクノロジーズ | 欠陥検査装置及び欠陥検査方法 |
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2012
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2013
- 2013-04-08 WO PCT/JP2013/060600 patent/WO2013154067A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2013-04-08 US US14/391,338 patent/US9791380B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JPS61104243A (ja) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 異物検出方法及びその装置 |
| JPS61104658A (ja) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体固体撮像素子アレイ |
| JPS61104244A (ja) * | 1984-10-29 | 1986-05-22 | Hitachi Ltd | 半導体ウエハ異物検出装置 |
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| JPH09266517A (ja) * | 1996-01-24 | 1997-10-07 | Fuji Xerox Co Ltd | 固体撮像素子および画像読取装置 |
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| JP2013217774A (ja) | 2013-10-24 |
| JP5927010B2 (ja) | 2016-05-25 |
| US20150109434A1 (en) | 2015-04-23 |
| US9791380B2 (en) | 2017-10-17 |
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