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WO2013144265A1 - Dispensing closure and spout - Google Patents

Dispensing closure and spout Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013144265A1
WO2013144265A1 PCT/EP2013/056633 EP2013056633W WO2013144265A1 WO 2013144265 A1 WO2013144265 A1 WO 2013144265A1 EP 2013056633 W EP2013056633 W EP 2013056633W WO 2013144265 A1 WO2013144265 A1 WO 2013144265A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
closure
spout
product
dispensing
discharge direction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2013/056633
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Mark D KIEL
Richard J PAGE
Thomas O'connor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Obrist Closures Switzerland GmbH
Original Assignee
Obrist Closures Switzerland GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Obrist Closures Switzerland GmbH filed Critical Obrist Closures Switzerland GmbH
Publication of WO2013144265A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013144265A1/en
Priority to US14/496,735 priority Critical patent/US20150014370A1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/08—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures
    • B65D47/0804—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having articulated or hinged closures integrally formed with the base element provided with the spout or discharge passage
    • B65D47/0833—Hinges without elastic bias
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C17/00—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces
    • B05C17/005—Hand tools or apparatus using hand held tools, for applying liquids or other fluent materials to, for spreading applied liquids or other fluent materials on, or for partially removing applied liquids or other fluent materials from, surfaces for discharging material from a reservoir or container located in or on the hand tool through an outlet orifice by pressure without using surface contacting members like pads or brushes
    • B05C17/00503—Details of the outlet element
    • B05C17/00516—Shape or geometry of the outlet orifice or the outlet element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/12—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures
    • B65D47/127—Snap-on caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65D—CONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D47/00—Closures with filling and discharging, or with discharging, devices
    • B65D47/04—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps
    • B65D47/06—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages
    • B65D47/12—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures
    • B65D47/14—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures and closure-retaining means
    • B65D47/147—Closures with discharging devices other than pumps with pouring spouts or tubes; with discharge nozzles or passages having removable closures and closure-retaining means for snap-on caps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to a dispensing closure and particularly a dispensing closure for a flowable product.
  • dispensing closures for dispensing products such as liquids, gels, pastes, semi-solid products and the like.
  • the direction in which the product is discharged is constant and linear. This means that if it is required to produce a pattern using the product then the entire pack must be moved to cause a variation in discharge direction.
  • the present invention seeks to address the shortcomings of known dispensing closures. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a dispensing closure for a flowable product, the closure comprising means for causing a varying product discharge direction.
  • a dispensing closure for a flowable product comprising means for causing a varying, non-linear product discharge direction.
  • Dispensing closures formed according to the present invention are therefore configured to introduce deliberate variation in the discharge direction. This allows, for example, non-linear discharge without the need to have off-linear movement of the closure.
  • the discharge direction may be caused to be partly sinuous.
  • a "squiggle" pattern may be established by a closure which forces a change in direction of the product as it is discharged.
  • the closure may comprise a spout.
  • Spouts forming an integral part of a closure are envisaged, as are separate spouts which are attached or attachable to a closure body.
  • the spout may be formed from the same or a different material as the rest of a closure.
  • spouts may be formed from 'soft' material.
  • Elastomeric materials such as thermoplastic elastomers or silicone may be used.
  • the spout may include one or more interior flow-directing surfaces, for example one or more ramps arranged in a spiral pattern. Where a plurality of ramps are provided they may be discrete. Additionally or alternatively the spout may comprise one or more flow-directing slots.
  • the spout itself is fixed so that flow-directing surfaces are used to introduce variation in the discharge direction.
  • the spout may be movable, for example in response to product flow therethrough.
  • the closure may be movable between an open and a closed position.
  • the closure may therefore include a dispensing passage which can be blocked or unblocked depending on the configuration of the closure.
  • part of the closure can be rotated to move the closure between the open and closed positions.
  • the present invention also provides a condiment dispensing closure comprising a closure as described herein.
  • the present invention may find particular utility with condiments such as mustards, ketchups and the like.
  • a closure as described herein in combination with a container is provided.
  • a dispensing pack comprising a dispensing closure and a suitable container is therefore envisaged.
  • a discharge spout for a dispensing closure comprising means for causing a varying product discharge direction therefrom.
  • the spout described herein may therefore be used as part of the dispensing closure described herein.
  • a spout with one or more integral flow-directing means to cause a varying, non-linear product discharge direction for a flowable product passing through the spout.
  • Figure 1 is an illustration of a dispensing closure formed according to the present invention in use
  • Figure 2 is a perspective view of a dispensing closure formed according to the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a perspective magnified view of a spout region of a closure of the type shown in Figure 2;
  • Figure 5 is a magnified view of the spout region of a closure of the type shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a side view of a closure formed according to an alternative embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a perspective view of the closure Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of the closure of Figure 6 and 7 shown with a dust cap removed;
  • Figure 9 is a side view of the closure of Figures 6 to 8 shown attached to a container; and
  • Figure 10 is an illustration of a closure formed according to an alternative embodiment and shown in use.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a dispensing closure generally indicated 10 and connected to a container 15.
  • the closure 10 is, in this embodiment, a flip top closure including a base 20 and a lid 25 connected together by a hinge 30.
  • the base 20 includes a spout or nozzle 35 through which product (in this embodiment mustard) 40 is discharged.
  • product in this embodiment mustard
  • FIG 2 shows a closure 1 10 of the same general type as the closure 10 shown in Figure 1 .
  • the closure 1 10 includes a discharge spout 135 for causing the varying product discharge direction.
  • Figure 3 shows a closure 210 with a discharge spout 235.
  • the closure 1 10 of Figure 2 operates using the principles described in relation to Figure 4.
  • Figure 4 shows a closure base 320 including a dispensing orifice 350 which terminates with a dispensing spout 335.
  • the spout 335 is generally cylindrical and in this embodiment is formed from a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) .
  • TPE thermoplastic elastomer
  • the interior surface 336 of the spout 335 is provided with four circumferentially spaced spiral ramps 337 which project radially inwardly.
  • product In use, product is forced through the orifice 350 and into the interior of the spout 335 whereupon it passes over the ramps 337. This prevents the product from following a simple linear flow path and instead introduces a vortex-like effect causing the fluid to spiral as it exits the spout to cause a varying product discharge direction.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which a base 420 is again provided with a spout 435.
  • the spout 435 is again generally cylindrical and in this case is provided with four mutually spaced, separate spiral slots 438 extending from its free end.
  • the slots are generally longitudinal i.e. they run along the length of the spout in the general direction of product flow. There is only one discrete ramp on the interior of each part of the nozzle i.e. the ramps do no contact each other or extend from each other and each forms less than a complete turn.
  • the slots 438 function in a similar way to the ramps 337 of the closure nozzle 335 in as much as they force a nonlinear flow path into discharging product.
  • Figures 6 to 8 show a closure 510 formed according to an alternative embodiment.
  • the closure base 520 is provided with a central nozzle 522 which defines a dispensing passageway that terminates with a discharge spout 535.
  • the spout 535 is provided with flow direction control means (not shown).
  • the nozzle 522 is rotatable with respect to the base 520 as illustrated by arrow B in Figure 7 to cause an internal dispensing passage to be opened and closed by rotation in the clockwise and anti-clockwise directions.
  • the closure 510 is further provided with a removable cap 555.
  • a closure 610 formed according fo an alternative embodiment.
  • the closure 610 comprises a base 620 wifh a turret-like upstand 624 from which extends a generally tubular discharge spouf 635.
  • the spout 635 is formed from a TPE material and is thus flexible and resilient. Due to fhe length of fhe spout 635 and fhe thickness of fhe material from which if is formed if is not enfirely self-supporting; in other words if has a tendency fo move.
  • product is forced through the spouf 635 it is caused fo oscillate in direction C so product is dispensed in a sinuous pattern 645.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Closures For Containers (AREA)

Description

DISPENSING CLOSURE AND SPOUT
The present invention relates generally to a dispensing closure and particularly a dispensing closure for a flowable product.
There are a huge variety of dispensing closures for dispensing products such as liquids, gels, pastes, semi-solid products and the like. In known dispensing closures the direction in which the product is discharged is constant and linear. This means that if it is required to produce a pattern using the product then the entire pack must be moved to cause a variation in discharge direction.
The present invention seeks to address the shortcomings of known dispensing closures. According to a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a dispensing closure for a flowable product, the closure comprising means for causing a varying product discharge direction.
According to an alternative aspect of the present invention there is provided a dispensing closure for a flowable product, the closure comprising means for causing a varying, non-linear product discharge direction.
Dispensing closures formed according to the present invention are therefore configured to introduce deliberate variation in the discharge direction. This allows, for example, non-linear discharge without the need to have off-linear movement of the closure.
In use, the discharge direction may be caused to be partly sinuous. For example a "squiggle" pattern may be established by a closure which forces a change in direction of the product as it is discharged.
The closure may comprise a spout. Spouts forming an integral part of a closure are envisaged, as are separate spouts which are attached or attachable to a closure body. The spout may be formed from the same or a different material as the rest of a closure. For example, in some embodiments spouts may be formed from 'soft' material. Elastomeric materials such as thermoplastic elastomers or silicone may be used.
The spout may include one or more interior flow-directing surfaces, for example one or more ramps arranged in a spiral pattern. Where a plurality of ramps are provided they may be discrete. Additionally or alternatively the spout may comprise one or more flow-directing slots.
In some embodiments the spout itself is fixed so that flow-directing surfaces are used to introduce variation in the discharge direction. Alternatively or additionally the spout may be movable, for example in response to product flow therethrough.
The closure may be movable between an open and a closed position. The closure may therefore include a dispensing passage which can be blocked or unblocked depending on the configuration of the closure. In some embodiments, for example, part of the closure can be rotated to move the closure between the open and closed positions.
The present invention also provides a condiment dispensing closure comprising a closure as described herein. The present invention may find particular utility with condiments such as mustards, ketchups and the like.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a closure as described herein in combination with a container. A dispensing pack comprising a dispensing closure and a suitable container is therefore envisaged.
According to a further aspect of the present invention there is provided a discharge spout for a dispensing closure, the spout comprising means for causing a varying product discharge direction therefrom.
The spout described herein may therefore be used as part of the dispensing closure described herein.
According to a further aspect of the present invention, there is provided a spout with one or more integral flow-directing means to cause a varying, non-linear product discharge direction for a flowable product passing through the spout.
Further particular and preferred aspects of the present invention are set out in the accompanying independent and dependent claims. Features of the dependent claims may be combined with the features of the independent claims as appropriate, and in combination other than those explicitly set out in the claims. The present invention will now be more particularly described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Figure 1 is an illustration of a dispensing closure formed according to the present invention in use;
Figure 2 is a perspective view of a dispensing closure formed according to the present invention; Figure 3 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention;
Figure 4 is a perspective magnified view of a spout region of a closure of the type shown in Figure 2; Figure 5 is a magnified view of the spout region of a closure of the type shown in Figure 3;
Figure 6 is a side view of a closure formed according to an alternative embodiment; Figure 7 is a perspective view of the closure Figure 6;
Figure 8 is a perspective view of the closure of Figure 6 and 7 shown with a dust cap removed; Figure 9 is a side view of the closure of Figures 6 to 8 shown attached to a container; and
Figure 10 is an illustration of a closure formed according to an alternative embodiment and shown in use.
Referring first to Figure 1 there is shown a dispensing closure generally indicated 10 and connected to a container 15. The closure 10 is, in this embodiment, a flip top closure including a base 20 and a lid 25 connected together by a hinge 30. The base 20 includes a spout or nozzle 35 through which product (in this embodiment mustard) 40 is discharged. As described in more detail below, when the closure 10 is used to discharge product it can be moved in a generally linear direction A whilst producing a generally sinuous or "squiggle" pattern 45. Figure 2 shows a closure 1 10 of the same general type as the closure 10 shown in Figure 1 . The closure 1 10 includes a discharge spout 135 for causing the varying product discharge direction. Similarly, Figure 3 shows a closure 210 with a discharge spout 235. The closure 1 10 of Figure 2 operates using the principles described in relation to Figure 4. Figure 4 shows a closure base 320 including a dispensing orifice 350 which terminates with a dispensing spout 335.
The spout 335 is generally cylindrical and in this embodiment is formed from a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) . The interior surface 336 of the spout 335 is provided with four circumferentially spaced spiral ramps 337 which project radially inwardly.
In use, product is forced through the orifice 350 and into the interior of the spout 335 whereupon it passes over the ramps 337. This prevents the product from following a simple linear flow path and instead introduces a vortex-like effect causing the fluid to spiral as it exits the spout to cause a varying product discharge direction.
The closure 210 of Figure 3 operates using the principles described in relation to Figure 5. Figure 5 illustrates an alternative embodiment in which a base 420 is again provided with a spout 435. In this embodiment the spout 435 is again generally cylindrical and in this case is provided with four mutually spaced, separate spiral slots 438 extending from its free end. The slots are generally longitudinal i.e. they run along the length of the spout in the general direction of product flow. There is only one discrete ramp on the interior of each part of the nozzle i.e. the ramps do no contact each other or extend from each other and each forms less than a complete turn. The slots 438 function in a similar way to the ramps 337 of the closure nozzle 335 in as much as they force a nonlinear flow path into discharging product.
Figures 6 to 8 show a closure 510 formed according to an alternative embodiment. The closure base 520 is provided with a central nozzle 522 which defines a dispensing passageway that terminates with a discharge spout 535. The spout 535 is provided with flow direction control means (not shown).
The nozzle 522 is rotatable with respect to the base 520 as illustrated by arrow B in Figure 7 to cause an internal dispensing passage to be opened and closed by rotation in the clockwise and anti-clockwise directions.
The closure 510 is further provided with a removable cap 555. Referring now fo Figure 10 there is shown a closure 610 formed according fo an alternative embodiment. The closure 610 comprises a base 620 wifh a turret-like upstand 624 from which extends a generally tubular discharge spouf 635. The spout 635 is formed from a TPE material and is thus flexible and resilient. Due to fhe length of fhe spout 635 and fhe thickness of fhe material from which if is formed if is not enfirely self-supporting; in other words if has a tendency fo move. When product is forced through the spouf 635 it is caused fo oscillate in direction C so product is dispensed in a sinuous pattern 645.
Although illustrative embodiments of fhe invention have been disclosed in detail herein, with reference fo the accompanying drawings, if is understood that fhe invention is nof limited fo the precise embodiments shown and that various changes and modifications can be effecfed therein by one skilled in fhe art without departing from fhe scope of fhe invention as defined by fhe appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1 . A dispensing closure for a flowable product, the closure comprising means for causing a varying product discharge direction.
2. A dispensing closure for a flowable product, the closure comprising means for causing a varying, non-linear product discharge direction.
3. A closure as claimed in Claim 1 or Claim 2, in which, in use, the discharge direction is caused to be at least partly sinuous.
4. A closure as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the closure comprises a spout.
5. A closure as claimed in Claim 4, in which the spout includes one or more interior flow-directing surfaces.
6. A closure as claimed in Claim 5, in which the surfaces comprise one or more ramps.
7. A closure as claimed in Claim 5 or Claim 6, in which the surfaces are arranged in a spiral pattern.
8. A closure as claimed in any of Claims 4 to 7, in which the spout comprises one or more flow-directing slots.
9. A closure as claimed in any of Claims 4 to 8, in which the spout is movable.
10. A closure as claimed in any of Claims 4 to 9, in which the spout is a movable in response to product flow therethrough.
1 1 . A closure as claimed in any preceding claim, in which the closure is movable between an open position and a closed position.
12. A condiment dispensing closure comprising a closure as claimed in any preceding claim.
13. A closure as claimed in any preceding claim in combination with a container.
14. A closure as claimed in any of claims 1 to 1 1 , wherein the flowable product is a condiment.
15. A discharge spout for a dispensing closure, the spout comprising means for causing a varying product discharge direction therefrom.
16. A spout with one or more integral flow-directing means to cause a varying, non- linear product discharge direction for a flowable product passing through the spout.
17. A spout as claimed in Claim 16, in which, in use, the discharge direction is caused to be at least partly sinuous.
18. A spout as claimed in Claim 1 6 or 1 7, further including one or more interior flow- directing surfaces.
19. A spout as claimed in Claim 18, in which the surfaces comprise one or more ramps.
20. A spout as claimed in Claim 18, in which the surfaces are arranged in a spiral pattern.
21 . A spout as claimed in any of Claims 16 to 20, further comprising one or more flow-directing slots.
PCT/EP2013/056633 2012-03-29 2013-03-27 Dispensing closure and spout Ceased WO2013144265A1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US14/496,735 US20150014370A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2014-09-25 Dispensing closure and spout

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1205637.0 2012-03-29
GB1205637.0A GB2500686B (en) 2012-03-29 2012-03-29 A dispensing closure

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US14/496,735 Continuation-In-Part US20150014370A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2014-09-25 Dispensing closure and spout

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013144265A1 true WO2013144265A1 (en) 2013-10-03

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PCT/EP2013/056633 Ceased WO2013144265A1 (en) 2012-03-29 2013-03-27 Dispensing closure and spout

Country Status (3)

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US (1) US20150014370A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2500686B (en)
WO (1) WO2013144265A1 (en)

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US11292642B2 (en) 2018-12-21 2022-04-05 H. J. Heinz Company Brands Llc Container, closure, and methods for manufacture
USD889260S1 (en) 2018-12-21 2020-07-07 H.J. Heinz Company Brands Llc Closure for a container
MX2021007360A (en) 2018-12-21 2021-12-15 Heinz Co Brands H J Llc Container, closure, and methods for manufacture.
GB201911619D0 (en) 2019-08-14 2019-09-25 Lm Wind Power As Wind turbine blade assembly and method for producing a wind turbine blade
CN115135583B (en) 2019-09-20 2025-01-07 H.J.海因茨品牌有限责任公司 Container, closure and method of manufacturing

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US20150014370A1 (en) 2015-01-15
GB2500686B (en) 2018-08-08
GB2500686A (en) 2013-10-02

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