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WO2013038343A1 - Indicateur de haute tension - Google Patents

Indicateur de haute tension Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013038343A1
WO2013038343A1 PCT/IB2012/054735 IB2012054735W WO2013038343A1 WO 2013038343 A1 WO2013038343 A1 WO 2013038343A1 IB 2012054735 W IB2012054735 W IB 2012054735W WO 2013038343 A1 WO2013038343 A1 WO 2013038343A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
indicator
high voltage
detection system
voltage indicator
head
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2012/054735
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Adriaan Stephanus LUYT
Dusko DUDIC
Vladimir DJOKOVIC
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
University of the Free State
Original Assignee
University of the Free State
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by University of the Free State filed Critical University of the Free State
Publication of WO2013038343A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013038343A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R19/00—Arrangements for measuring currents or voltages or for indicating presence or sign thereof
    • G01R19/145—Indicating the presence of current or voltage
    • G01R19/155—Indicating the presence of voltage

Definitions

  • THIS invention relates to a high voltage indicator.
  • HV high voltage
  • HV indicators that operate without batteries and are based on the application of high efficiency gas lamps. Such gas lamps give a relatively weak continuous light signal during the indication period when a high voltage is present on a line. Some of these indicators are currently still on the market (e.g., CATU cl-8-36).
  • LEDs light emitting diodes
  • HV indicators with a battery supply thus give an indication of a high voltage being present on a line by means of either a continuous or a discontinuous signal.
  • transistor oscillators are used for the reason that these oscillators provide a simple means to control the duration of the pulse.
  • LEDs with high energy efficiency became available, which resulted in the introduction of electronic HV indicators operating without batteries but still making use of light indication.
  • a drawback of these HV indicators is that they are not sufficiently energy efficient without batteries in order to provide simultaneous light and sound indication. Also, these indicators produce longer duration light impulses, which results in a weaker intensity light indication.
  • a high voltage indicator comprising an indicator head in which is housed circuitry comprising a charging system and a detection system, wherein the charging system is embedded in a networked polymer and the detection system is embedded in a semiconducting composite thereby to limit current leakages and allow for the proper distribution of an electrical field in the indicator head when brought in close proximity of a high voltage line, thus resulting in stable operation of the indicator.
  • the charging system comprises a bridge rectifier connected between a high voltage point of the indicator and a near ground point, a capacitor connected in parallel with the bridge rectifier and a triggering device which, together with the detection system, is connected in parallel with both the bridge rectifier and the capacitor.
  • the triggering device may be a diac or a four-layer diode which in use allows a current impulse to flow to the detection system.
  • the detection system is a combination of a light emitting indicator, comprising one or more LEDs, and an auditory indicator.
  • the detection system may be selected from one of the following: one or more LEDs connected in series with a piezo buzzer, one or more LEDs in a parallel connection, connected in series with a piezo buzzer, one or more LEDs in a series connection, connected in parallel with a piezo buzzer.
  • the high voltage indicator head is manufactured from low density polyethylene (LDPE).
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • the networked polymer is a polymer with high mechanical strength, with good hydrophobic characteristics and which is a good electrical isolator.
  • the networked polymer may be polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (with a high processing toxicity) or polyurea (with a low processing toxicity).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • polyurea with a low processing toxicity
  • the composite layer has a large electrical resistivity in order for low voltage operations in the detection system not to be disturbed.
  • the electrical resistivity of the composite layer should typically be at least 10 9 ⁇ /cm.
  • the composite layer may be an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and carbon composite.
  • the near ground point of the bridge rectifier is connected to a foil layer which lines the lower internal part of the indicator head.
  • the high voltage indicator has a telescopic arm which is used to move the indicator head from a retracted position to an extended position.
  • the telescopic arm is preferably also manufactured from an insulation material, such as isotactic polypropylene (iPP).
  • iPP isotactic polypropylene
  • Figure 1 is a pictorial view of a high voltage indicator in accordance with an example embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2 shows the high voltage indicator of Figure 1 with its indicator head in an extended position
  • Figure 3 shows the high voltage indicator of Figure 1 with its indicator head in a retracted position
  • Figure 4 shows the bottom or lower end, in particular a detection system, of the indicator head of the high voltage indicator of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 5 is an electrical circuit diagram of a charging system and a detection system of the high voltage indicator of Figure 1 ;
  • FIG. 6 is electrical circuit diagrams of various embodiments of the detection system in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a pictorial diagram of a section of an example indicator head of the high voltage indicator of Figure 1 ;
  • Figure 8 is an electrical circuit diagram of a further embodiment of a high voltage indicator which embodiment includes a battery, in accordance with the invention. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
  • HV high voltage
  • the HV indicator 10 is shown in use when held up by a person 12 against a high voltage line 14.
  • the HV indicator 10 comprises an indicator head 16 which on one end terminates in a contact point 18, typically a metal contact point. On the other end of the indicator head 16 is provided a recess 20 (best shown in Figure 4) in which is embedded a detection system 22. As will be described in more detail below, the indicator head 16 houses the circuitry of the HV indicator 10.
  • the HV indicator 10 also comprises a telescopic arm shown as telescopic arms 24a and 24b which allow the indicator head 16 to be moved from an extended position (shown in Figure 2) to a retracted position (shown in Figure 3) by maneuvering the telescopic handle 26.
  • a stop 28 Towards the distal end of the telescopic arm 24 is provided a stop 28 to restrict the movement of a user's hand towards the telescopic head 16 and in particular, the contact point 18 in close proximity to the HV line 14.
  • a preferred material for the telescopic arm, particularly the arms 24a and 24b, is isotactic polypropylene (iPP), or another suitable insulating material.
  • Figure 4 shows the various indicators of the detection system 22 of the HV indicator 10 located in the recess 20 of the indicator head 16.
  • the indicators forming the detection system 22 are, in one embodiment, three LEDs 30a, 30b and 30c and an audible alarm 32 described below as a piezo buzzer.
  • a testing button 34 located in the recess is a testing button 34 which may be pressed by a user in order to check whether all the LEDs 30a to 30c and the audible alarm 32 are still operational.
  • an electrical circuit diagram 40 is shown indicating the circuitry of one example embodiment of the HV indicator 10 of Figure 1.
  • the circuitry comprises two systems: a charging system and a detection system.
  • the charging system provides electrical power to the detection system, in order for the detection system to provide an indication to a user that a high voltage has been detected by the HV indicator 10.
  • the charging system comprises a bridge rectifier 42, a capacitor 44 and a triggering device 46.
  • the bridge rectifier 42 is connected between a high voltage point 48 of the indicator and a near ground point 50.
  • the near ground point 50 is connected to the indicator head manufactured from an insulator material, i.e., a plastic part of the device.
  • a maximum possible distance is provided from the high voltage point 48.
  • the capacitor 44 is connected in parallel with the bridge rectifier 42, while the triggering device 46 is connected in series with the detection system 52, which series connection is connected in parallel with both the bridge rectifier 42 and the capacitor 44.
  • the triggering device 46 is a diac or a four- layer diode which in use sends a current impulse to the detection system 52.
  • the detection system 46 may be a combination of a light emitting indicator comprising one or more LEDs and an auditory indicator.
  • the detection system may be one or more LEDs 54a connected in series with a piezo buzzer 56a; one or more LEDs 54b in a parallel connection, connected in series with a piezo buzzer 56b; or one or more LEDs 54c in a series connection, connected in parallel with a piezo buzzer 56c.
  • the electrical components and their geometry in the HV indicator head 16 are designed in such a way as to maximize the current that flows from the high voltage line 14 to the bridge rectifier 42. As will be described later in this document, certain polymers are also used to limit the leakage currents that flow around the rectifier 42. This is necessary as leakage-currents reduce the sensitivity of the indicator 10.
  • a very small alternating current flows through the bridge rectifier 42 which charges the capacitor 44.
  • AC current alternating current
  • the capacitor 44 partially discharges through the triggering device 46 which allows a current impulse to flow to the detection system 52.
  • the triggering device 46 interrupts the current impulse and the capacitor 44 starts charging again until the next impulse.
  • the voltage at which the current impulse flows or is interrupted is determined by the properties of the triggering device 46.
  • the direct current (DC) resistivity of the capacitor 44 should be higher than 10 10 ⁇ and the leakage current of the triggering device 46 should be less than 0.5 ⁇ .
  • the intensity of the indication is highly dependent on the energy efficiency of the LEDs and piezo buzzer forming the detection system 52.
  • An increase in the DC resistivity of the detection system 52 increases the potential difference at the AC contacts of the rectifier bridge 42, but this DC resistivity is negligible with respect to the resistivity of the entire system, which means that the current through the rectifier bridge 42 is virtually constant. Since higher DC resistivity induces higher operation voltage on the rectifier bridge 42, the detection system 52 gets higher power (due to the constant current through the rectifier bridge).
  • the charging system (which comprises the rectifier bridge 42, the capacitor 44 and the triggering device 46) is embedded in a networked polymer 60.
  • the detection system 52 is in turn embedded in a semiconducting composite 62. This layout prevents current leakages and also allows for the proper distribution of the electrical field in the indicator head 16 when it is brought in close proximity with a high voltage line. Ultimately, this results in the stable operation of the system and its components.
  • the high voltage indicator head 16 is manufactured from low density polyethylene (LDPE). Other suitable materials such as polycarbonate (PC) could alternatively be used.
  • LDPE low density polyethylene
  • PC polycarbonate
  • the indicator head 16 is typically in the form of a hollow cylinder in which is secured the HV indicator circuitry, embedded in the networked polymer 60 and semiconducting composite 62. Through a bottom of the head 16 extend the LEDs 64 and other indicators as described above with specific reference to Figure 4.
  • the networked polymer 60 is selected to provide high mechanical strength and good hydrophobic characteristics, while it should also be a good electrical isolator.
  • the networked polymer may, for example, be polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) (with a high processing toxicity) or polyurea (with a low processing toxicity).
  • PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
  • polyurea with a low processing toxicity
  • the composite layer 62 is selected to have a large electrical resistivity in order for low voltage operations in the detection system not to be disturbed.
  • the electrical resistivity of the composite layer 62 should typically be at least 10 9 ⁇ /cm.
  • the composite layer 62 is an ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and carbon composite.
  • the near ground point of the bridge rectifier 50 is connected to a foil layer 66 which lines the lower part of the indicator head 16.
  • FIG. 8 shows another example embodiment of the invention where the circuitry includes an additional battery circuit.
  • a rectifier diode In this circuit a rectifier diode
  • a relay solenoid 74 is connected between the collector of the transistor 72 and the connection point between the triggering device 46 and detection system 52.
  • a 9 volt battery is connected between points 76 and 78. In operation, current flows from the base to the emitter of the transistor 72 when the capacitor 44 discharges. This activates the flow of current from the positive battery pole 76 through the relay solenoid 74 to the collector of the transistor 72. With current flowing through the solenoid, the relay is in an operational or ON (closed) state, with the battery thereby powering the detection system 52.
  • the present invention provides an HV indicator with sufficient energy efficiency to provide both light and sound indication without an additional power supply. Also, a large number of materials and indicator head geometries were tested to come up with an efficient product that solves a large number of technical problems such as the prevention of current leakages, the distribution of the electric field across the head indicator, the determination of the resistance of the materials thereby to provide an HV indicator that functions properly.
  • the purpose of the HV indicator of the present invention which is the detection of the small electrical currents flowing from high voltage lines to points at lower potentials is therefore achieved by the present invention.
  • This current flow exists in the air and in the insulating material in the vicinity of HV lines.
  • These currents are quite small (about 10 "7 - 10 "9 A) and the HV indicator of the present invention is able to detect these currents without the use of an additional battery. This is in contrast with the prior art where the use of an additional battery supply is necessary to detect the currents as they are too small to activate the prior art detection systems.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Current Or Voltage (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un indicateur de haute tension (10) comprenant une tête d'indicateur (16) dans laquelle est logé un circuit comprenant un système de chargement et un système de détection (22), le système de chargement étant intégré dans un polymère en réseau (60) et le système de détection (52) étant intégré dans un composite semi-conducteur (62) pour limiter ainsi des fuites de courant et permettre la distribution correcte d'un champ électrique dans la tête d'indicateur lorsqu'elle est amenée à proximité d'une ligne de haute tension (14), conduisant ainsi à un fonctionnement stable de l'indicateur.
PCT/IB2012/054735 2011-09-13 2012-09-12 Indicateur de haute tension Ceased WO2013038343A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA201106691 2011-09-13
ZA2011/06691 2011-09-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013038343A1 true WO2013038343A1 (fr) 2013-03-21

Family

ID=47882693

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2012/054735 Ceased WO2013038343A1 (fr) 2011-09-13 2012-09-12 Indicateur de haute tension

Country Status (2)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2013038343A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA201401649B (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3407346A4 (fr) * 2016-01-22 2019-08-21 Patlite Corporation Unité d'avertisseur et voyant d'indicateur de signal
CN110687321A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2020-01-14 国网山东省电力公司 一种高压接近指示器及其使用方法
US12287357B2 (en) 2023-06-23 2025-04-29 John C. Atherton Power cord voltage indicator

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4814933A (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-03-21 Reinhard Filter Potential indicating device
US5563976A (en) * 1993-12-17 1996-10-08 Bicc Public Limited Company Semiconductive linear element including partially pyrolised polyacrylonitrile
US5814997A (en) * 1994-08-05 1998-09-29 Societe Anonyme Des Ets Catu Single-pole voltage detector, in particular for overhead electrical lines
WO2000060367A1 (fr) * 1999-04-02 2000-10-12 Lindsey Manufacturing Co. Capteur de courant a support isolant
US6998832B1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2006-02-14 Hd Electric Company High-voltage indicating apparatus and method

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4814933A (en) * 1988-02-25 1989-03-21 Reinhard Filter Potential indicating device
US5563976A (en) * 1993-12-17 1996-10-08 Bicc Public Limited Company Semiconductive linear element including partially pyrolised polyacrylonitrile
US5814997A (en) * 1994-08-05 1998-09-29 Societe Anonyme Des Ets Catu Single-pole voltage detector, in particular for overhead electrical lines
WO2000060367A1 (fr) * 1999-04-02 2000-10-12 Lindsey Manufacturing Co. Capteur de courant a support isolant
US6998832B1 (en) * 2004-02-26 2006-02-14 Hd Electric Company High-voltage indicating apparatus and method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3407346A4 (fr) * 2016-01-22 2019-08-21 Patlite Corporation Unité d'avertisseur et voyant d'indicateur de signal
CN110687321A (zh) * 2019-09-11 2020-01-14 国网山东省电力公司 一种高压接近指示器及其使用方法
CN110687321B (zh) * 2019-09-11 2021-08-31 国网山东省电力公司 一种高压接近指示器及其使用方法
US12287357B2 (en) 2023-06-23 2025-04-29 John C. Atherton Power cord voltage indicator

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ZA201401649B (en) 2016-01-27

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