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WO2013038044A1 - Connecteur intelligent à usage domestique et industriel pour réseaux électriques intelligents - Google Patents

Connecteur intelligent à usage domestique et industriel pour réseaux électriques intelligents Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013038044A1
WO2013038044A1 PCT/ES2012/070647 ES2012070647W WO2013038044A1 WO 2013038044 A1 WO2013038044 A1 WO 2013038044A1 ES 2012070647 W ES2012070647 W ES 2012070647W WO 2013038044 A1 WO2013038044 A1 WO 2013038044A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
unit
plug
power
smart
smart plug
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2012/070647
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Humberto Campanella Pineda
Jaume ESTEVE TINTÓ
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Original Assignee
Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC filed Critical Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas CSIC
Publication of WO2013038044A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013038044A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/12—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load
    • H02J3/14—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks for adjusting voltage in AC networks by changing a characteristic of the network load by switching loads on to, or off from, network, e.g. progressively balanced loading
    • H02J13/12—
    • H02J13/38—
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D2204/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of tariff-metering apparatus
    • G01D2204/10—Analysing; Displaying
    • G01D2204/12—Determination or prediction of behaviour, e.g. likely power consumption or unusual usage patterns
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D2204/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of tariff-metering apparatus
    • G01D2204/40—Networks; Topology
    • G01D2204/45—Utility meters networked together within a single building
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01D—MEASURING NOT SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR A SPECIFIC VARIABLE; ARRANGEMENTS FOR MEASURING TWO OR MORE VARIABLES NOT COVERED IN A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS; TARIFF METERING APPARATUS; MEASURING OR TESTING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01D2204/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of tariff-metering apparatus
    • G01D2204/40—Networks; Topology
    • G01D2204/47—Methods for determining the topology or arrangement of meters in a network
    • H02J13/14—
    • H02J2105/42—
    • H02J2105/55—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J9/00—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting
    • H02J9/005—Circuit arrangements for emergency or stand-by power supply, e.g. for emergency lighting using a power saving mode
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B70/00—Technologies for an efficient end-user side electric power management and consumption
    • Y02B70/30—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for improving the carbon footprint of the management of residential or tertiary loads, i.e. smart grids as climate change mitigation technology in the buildings sector, including also the last stages of power distribution and the control, monitoring or operating management systems at local level
    • Y02B70/3225—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S20/00—Management or operation of end-user stationary applications or the last stages of power distribution; Controlling, monitoring or operating thereof
    • Y04S20/20—End-user application control systems
    • Y04S20/222—Demand response systems, e.g. load shedding, peak shaving
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S50/00—Market activities related to the operation of systems integrating technologies related to power network operation or related to communication or information technologies
    • Y04S50/10—Energy trading, including energy flowing from end-user application to grid

Definitions

  • the field of the present invention relates to energy, and more specifically to the distribution of domestic and industrial energy, and is applicable to all users whose objective is the optimization of power consumption and the prioritization of cheaper energy sources and efficient. More specifically, the present invention relates to electronic systems and circuits and their application to energy saving systems.
  • a first group of devices develops the concept of what is known as an intelligent meter.
  • the e-CLiPs device which is a smart energy-saving plug designed by Woods and Fitz at the University of Essex, United Kingdom [Woods].
  • the e-CLiPs is a domestic outlet capable of transmitting statistical data on the power consumption of the devices connected to it in a domestic installation, which are centralized and displayed on a central control panel.
  • the main difference between the smart plug object of the present invention and the e-CLiPs is that our intelligent socket, in addition to sensing power as the e-CLiPs does, additionally performs control actions and selects the most convenient power supply network according to energy cost criteria.
  • the systems and devices of the second group execute control actions at the user's premises, measuring, activating or deactivating the connections to the appliances
  • the Smart Wire-Devices is an energy management system conceived by Masters et al. which integrates electronic circuits to measure the consumption of electrical power and transmits the data remotely to a signal processor [Master].
  • the SWD is remotely controlled and can be installed in a domestic micro-grid (grid) and includes a management node that operates a switch or relay following remote control instructions to change the electrical power delivered to the connected device.
  • the main difference between the smart plug object of the present invention and the SWD is that our smart socket senses and controls locally the connection of the device to a power source from a variety of available networks, while the SWD operates on the basis of One source
  • Another example is the intelligent current attenuator for energy conservation in devices, by Heilman et al, where a network of devices that has at least one device, an energy controller, at least one intelligent regulator and an intelligent adapter, and a communications network that couples said components with the purpose of saving energy on a time programming basis, by activating or deactivating the devices according to operational tasks, such as cooking times, washing times, etc.
  • a network of devices that has at least one device, an energy controller, at least one intelligent regulator and an intelligent adapter, and a communications network that couples said components with the purpose of saving energy on a time programming basis, by activating or deactivating the devices according to operational tasks, such as cooking times, washing times, etc.
  • the intelligent electrical sockets and associated electrical networks of Chapel et al. allow the intelligent execution of blackouts, voltage drops, other control actions regarding quality control of the energy delivered to the devices, and their remote control [Chapel].
  • the main difference between the smart plug object of the present invention and that of Chapel et al. is that our smart plug switches between multiple networks to select the most convenient, while Chapel's is limited to analyzing the quality of a single given network.
  • the client-server architecture allows the activation or deactivation of electrical appliances connected to the smart plug by building a hierarchy in which slave devices are deactivated if the master device is turned off or operated in stand-by, for example.
  • the main difference between the smart plug object of the present invention and those of Chang et al. is that our smart socket is not hierarchical, that is, the connected devices are independent of each other, and what is controlled is the connection to the power sources, and not the connection scheme of the device and other devices in the network.
  • the apparatus, system and methods for reducing energy consumption in a Cohen [Cohen] network are composed of a management system and the apparatus, each consisting of a measurement unit, a processing unit, a unit (optional) of communications and a control unit, so that each device is connected to an electrical outlet and is associated with one or a group of appliances.
  • the Cohen system measures the electrical parameters at the outlet of the outlet, and the processing unit analyzes the measured electrical parameters, detecting various characteristics of the connected appliances and managing the power consumption of the network.
  • the main difference between the smart plug object of the present invention and the Cohen system is that our smart socket has power source selection and multi-network management capabilities to select the most convenient power supply network, while Cohen It manages the energy consumption of a single network.
  • the monitoring and control device by Sharood et al. is coupled with the connected appliance or device to monitor its energy consumption, provide data on the measured power and take control actions on its operation.
  • the main difference between the smart plug object of the present invention and the Sharood device is that our smart socket has power source selection and multi-network management capabilities to select the most convenient power supply network, while the Sharood system focuses on monitoring and management of devices in a single network.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent plug capable of connecting household appliances and / or industrial equipment through one or more sockets, detecting the power consumption of the connected devices, communicating through the control and communication units to the internal and external components of power supply control of devices, and select through an internal electronic switching mechanism the most convenient power source from a set of conventional and unconventional power supply sources, in order to optimize energy resources, giving priority to the most convenient sources of energy, according to criteria such as the cost or availability of the energy supplied.
  • the present invention provides an intelligent plug, thus enabling the concepts of intelligent power supply networks, both domestic and industrial. Therefore, for the preferred embodiment of the invention, the intelligent plug for domestic and industrial use in intelligent electrical networks comprises:
  • an autonomous command unit which in turn comprises means for measuring power consumption
  • the autonomous command unit decides and performs based on data received from the external controller through the data connection, for each device connection, a connection between each device connection and a selected connection between the main connection and the at least one secondary connection, where previously, the autonomous command unit measures the power consumption of each external device connected to the set of device connections and sends said consumption measurement to the external controller. That is, the smart plug object of the present invention first selects to which power supply network the smart plug itself connects and secondly to which network each of the external power consumption devices connects (for example: washing machine, personal computer, high power consumption machinery, motors, etc.) that are connected to the smart plug. Said decision can be called “switching decision" and is carried out only and exclusively by the autonomous command unit based on parameters received by external controllers. Therefore, external controllers do not decide which network the smart plug has to select.
  • the autonomous command unit additionally comprises: a signal processing unit, a detection unit, an electronic switching unit, a communications unit and a control unit, such that all the units are connected and communicated with each other in a way selected between direct communication between two units and indirect communication through at least one unit of the rest of the units included in the autonomous command unit.
  • the signal processing unit additionally comprises at least: a local input-output unit that transmits and receives data to / from other units comprised in the autonomous command unit; a digital signal processor that calculates specialized logical and arithmetic operations, executes algorithms, calculates comparisons of the power consumption of external devices connected to the set of device connections and calculates the available energies delivered by the power supply networks connected to the smart plug ; a memory unit that stores some data, where said data is at least: power consumption data of the external device and available energy to be delivered over the networks, calibration and self-diagnostic data, operation records, operational statistics and combination of the same; and, a calibration and self-diagnostic unit to perform at least the following functions: automatic test routines, commissioning, power calibration for signal processing, communication tests, and combinations thereof.
  • the detection unit additionally comprises at least: a fuse; a power detection circuit that measures the power consumption of the external power consumption device connected to a connection of the device connection set; a signal handling circuit to perform analog to digital conversion and data format; a buffer circuit for recording and transmission of data to the signal processing unit and the control unit; an optoelectronic detection decoupler that: a) protects the rest of the elements included in the autonomous command unit against power or short-circuit overloads; and, b) operates in a mode selected between analog and digital; such that in analog mode, the Optoelectronic decoupler connects the fuse with the signal handling circuit, and in digital mode, the optoelectronic decoupler connects the fuse with the power detection circuit.
  • the energy detection circuit is a solid state analog electronic circuit comprising semiconductor devices, power regulators and comparator amplifiers, such that said power detection circuit calculates the power consumption real of the connected external device, and encodes it in an analog waveform of magnitude proportional to energy.
  • the energy detection circuit is a digital electronic circuit, such that said energy detection circuit calculates the actual power consumption of the connected device and encodes it in the form of a binary word.
  • the electronic switching unit additionally comprises at least: a switching administrator that manages the connection with the signal processing unit, moderates communications and data transfer, and receives switching orders from the control unit; a switching controller, which is a logical control and coding unit that operates a set of electronic switches; an optoelectronic switching decoupler that isolates the digital circuits from the main and secondary power supply lines; a power supply line manager that protects the internal circuits of the smart plug against power saturation or short circuit, in the event of a fuse failure; and, the set of electronic switches to open or close the power lines according to commands of the power lines manager.
  • a switching administrator that manages the connection with the signal processing unit, moderates communications and data transfer, and receives switching orders from the control unit
  • a switching controller which is a logical control and coding unit that operates a set of electronic switches
  • an optoelectronic switching decoupler that isolates the digital circuits from the main and secondary power supply lines
  • a power supply line manager that protects the internal circuits of the smart plug
  • the communications unit additionally comprises at least: a communications interface that physically connects the smart plug with local or remote control devices and networks; a transceiver unit for transmitting and receiving data to / from internal and external controllers; and, a network administration agent that provides an interface for remote control and intelligent plug management by an external network administrator, and notifies the operations administrator or user through network management protocols and procedures.
  • the control unit additionally comprises at least: an operating system that is the basic resource management unit of the smart plug managing all its components and units; a control processor that runs the operating system and control applications; an internal control memory that stores data from the units included in the autonomous command unit and from at least one external controller; a statistics unit that stores selected historical data among: use of the smart plug, available deliverable power, command registers, and combinations thereof; and, a device manager that addresses and commands the units included in the autonomous command unit.
  • an operating system that is the basic resource management unit of the smart plug managing all its components and units
  • a control processor that runs the operating system and control applications
  • an internal control memory that stores data from the units included in the autonomous command unit and from at least one external controller
  • a statistics unit that stores selected historical data among: use of the smart plug, available deliverable power, command registers, and combinations thereof
  • a device manager that addresses and commands the units included in the autonomous command unit.
  • control unit additionally comprises at least: a start-up controller; and, a command and event recorder.
  • the autonomous command unit additionally comprises: a power line connection port, such that the secondary connection connecting the smart plug with at least one secondary AC AC supply line is carried out by said power line connection port; a power supply; a male plug, such that the main connection between the smart plug and the main AC power supply line is carried out by said male plug; at least one female plug, such that where each device connection connecting the smart plug with the external power consumption device is carried out by said female plug; a protection unit; electrical interconnection lines of the units included in the autonomous command unit; and, a communications port, such that the data connection connecting the autonomous command unit with an external controller is carried out by means of said communications port, and where additionally, said communications port is selected from a communication port by cable and a wireless communication port.
  • the present invention aims to provide a method by which it is described how the autonomous command unit, and therefore, the smart plug, performs the "switching decision", that is, how the autonomous command unit decides which line of AC power supply connects with each device connected to the smart plug.
  • the operation procedure, in its preferred embodiment, of the intelligent plug in intelligent electrical networks and for any of the possible embodiments of the intelligent plug described above, is characterized in that it comprises:
  • ignition routine that initializes all the units included in the autonomous command unit, once that said autonomous command unit has been connected to the main AC power supply line, such that the ignition routine provides plug operating parameters;
  • ii) execute a calibration and self-diagnosis procedure according to an operation scheme called "calibration mode" whereby the signal processing unit and the control unit define and execute at least one called “calibration routine” to calibrate and measure the power consumption of the smart plug and a routine for self-diagnosis, such that the autonomous command unit connects the smart plug with an AC power supply network selected between the main AC power supply line and the at least a secondary AC AC supply line;
  • iii) execute an operating procedure according to an operation scheme called "operating mode" whereby the signal processing unit and the control unit of the autonomous command unit define and execute at least one routine called “operating routine "which performs a switching selection for the electronic switching unit to connect each of the external power consumption devices through the set of device connections with a selected supply line between the main alternating current supply line AC and the at least one secondary AC AC supply line; where said switching selection is based on information sent to the electronic unit of switching by the detection unit and the external controller through the data connection and from there to the communications unit.
  • operating mode an operation scheme called "operating mode” whereby the signal processing unit and the control unit of the autonomous command unit define and execute at least one routine called “operating routine "which performs a switching selection for the electronic switching unit to connect each of the external power consumption devices through the set of device connections with a selected supply line between the main alternating current supply line AC and the at least one secondary AC AC supply line; where said switching selection is based on information sent to the electronic unit of switching by the detection unit and the external
  • the operating procedure additionally comprises:
  • the autonomous command unit defines and executes at least one routine called “standby routine", by means of which the following actions are performed sequentially: a) periodically perform measurements of powers consumed in the device connections; b) generate an indication of zero power consumption of the device when it is detected that the sum of the values of said power measurements is equal to zero or below a preset value, indicating that there are no external power consumption devices connected to the plug; c) inform the control unit and the other internal units that make up the autonomous command unit that the plug will operate in a sleep mode; d) inform the external controller via the data connection that the plug has entered a sleep mode; Y,
  • shutdown mode an operation scheme called "shutdown mode” that stops all active processes and control actions and disconnects the autonomous command unit from the external controller, when the plug is connected, activated and the calibration and self-diagnosis routines and is operating in the operating mode or standby mode; by means of said shutdown mode, the autonomous command unit defines and executes at least one routine called “shutdown routine", by means of which the following actions are performed sequentially: a) detecting a shutdown command from the external controller or by direct action of the user over the smart plug; b) send the operation values and statistics stored in memory to the external controller; c) terminate the connection between the autonomous command unit and the external controller; d) stop the operation of all the components of the autonomous command unit; F) stop the operating system; and, g) remove the power supply to all the internal circuits of the smart plug.
  • shutdown routine an operation scheme called "shutdown mode” that stops all active processes and control actions and disconnects the autonomous command unit from the external controller, when the plug is connected, activated and the calibration and self-diagnos
  • the "ignition routine” that is executed in the “ignition mode” comprises: a) detecting the power supply to the plug via the main connection; b) energize the internal circuits; c) load the operating system; d) initialize the other components of the control unit and the other internal units that make up the autonomous command unit; e) connect the autonomous command unit with the external controller via the data connection; f) initiate the exchange of data between the autonomous command unit and the external controller to obtain plug operating parameters; g) load said parameters into the internal memories of the different components of the autonomous command unit to start the plug operation;
  • the "calibration routine" that is executed in the calibration mode comprises: a) loading in the RAM type volatile memory the power consumption reference value of the smart plug without charging previously stored in a non-volatile ROM type memory; b) measure the real power consumption of the smart plug by means of the detection circuit connected to the power supply; c) compare the reference value of power consumption and the real power consumption of the smart plug by means of an internal logic unit, thus generating a difference value, or offset; d) store in memory and transfer said offset value to the digital signal processor; e) execute the power network selection algorithm taking as input parameters said offset value, measured power consumption, and available and deliverable energy values for each of the AC supply lines available in the installation; f) generate selected network identifier; g) inform the calibration and self-diagnosis unit if the calibration routine has been successfully completed or not based on a binary cost identifier; h) end the calibration routine when the binary cost indicator has a positive value previously defined by the designer and informed to the control unit, to start the operation mode of the smart plug
  • the present invention manages to reduce energy waste and gives priority to the use of cheaper energy sources, which reduces the costs and energy impact of the growing demand for electricity at the domestic level and industrial.
  • the present invention thus relates to an intelligent plug for the supply of electricity to electrical appliances in home and industry, and more specifically to an improved intelligent socket capable of selecting the network or source of electricity supply from an available number from conventional and / or unconventional sources, automatically and without interruptions.
  • the field of the present invention relates to energy, and more specifically to distribution of domestic and industrial energy, and is applicable in those cases in which the user intends to optimize energy consumption and prioritize cheaper sources.
  • FIGURES Figure 1 is a block diagram showing the connection of the intelligent plug of the present invention with external elements as well as the interconnection of the internal elements included in the intelligent plug.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the smart plug in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating the modes of operation of the smart plug, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the signal processing unit of the smart plug, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is a flow chart of the intelligent plug operation routine in calibration mode, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 6 is a flow chart of the operation routine of the smart plug in operating mode, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a block diagram of the intelligent plug detection unit, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a block diagram of the electronic switching unit of the smart plug, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a block diagram of the intelligent plug communication unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram of the intelligent plug control unit, in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an intelligent plug capable of connecting household appliances and / or industrial equipment through one or more sockets, detecting the power consumption of the connected devices, communicating through the control and communication units to the Internal and external components of power control appliances, and select through an internal electronic switching mechanism the most convenient power source from a set of conventional and unconventional electric power sources, in order to optimize energy resources, giving priority to energy efficiency and cheaper energy sources.
  • the smart plug is a key component of a smart grid.
  • the assembly of a power system of Figure 1 comprises at least one smart plug 1 comprising an autonomous command unit A that physically connects the power lines to the main AC AC power supply network a through the main connection B and "N" secondary power networks CAI -CAN through "N" secondary connections Cl-CN.
  • This assembly involves an electrical energy management system composed of the main AC AC network, which is the reference for power supply and calibration; at least one smart plug 1 such as that of the object of the present invention, plugged into an AC power outlet (not shown) or any other similar means for obtaining power, at least to an AC power supply network secondary CAI -CAN, an autonomous command unit A, a communications and management network H to physically access the intelligent plugs connected to the mentioned electrical energy management system, and an external controller F to command at least one intelligent plug 1 and collect operational data from said smart plug.
  • the connection between the autonomous command unit A and the communications and management network is made through the data connection D.
  • Figure 1 also shows the set of device connections that have "M" connections called El to EM that connect the plug Smart with "M” Gl-GM external power consumption devices
  • the smart plug is contained in a box, physically separated from the electrical installation to facilitate its administration and connection to it.
  • the principle of operation of the system is an intelligent scheme of energy measurement to initiate control actions from the power consumption measurement data to select the most convenient source of electricity at the discretion of the user, of a group of primary and secondary energy networks, including those from conventional and / or unconventional power generation sources such as wind, solar, and / or electromagnetic. Therefore, the intelligent power control scheme incorporates selection of the power supply through at least one of said intelligent sockets, said assembly of an energy system and said electrical energy management system.
  • the scheme provides for independent and non-hierarchical control and operation of each device connected to each outlet in homes and / or industrial facilities through said smart plug.
  • One of the objectives of this architecture is to improve the reliability of the power supply, due to the physical and functional independence of the installed smart plugs.
  • each of the smart plugs installed is controlled and managed independently.
  • companies or individual users can independently select and control the power supplies that supply electrical power to the devices connected to the smart plugs, through local or remote user interfaces. In this way, users can autonomously configure domestic and / or industrial installations as customized smart electrical networks of reduced size.
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of the smart plug 1, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the object of the present invention.
  • the main components of the smart plug are a signal processing unit 2 for controlling and operating signals, including the selection of the most convenient power source among the networks connected to the connection ports, a detection unit 3 for measuring the power consumption of each device connected to each outlet and to handle data for processing purposes, an electronic switching unit 4 to connect each device connected to each socket to one of the available power line ports, a communications unit 5 for transmit and receive data from internal and external controllers and to manage connections to networks and communications protocols; a control unit 6 to deal with the remote command, resource management, network management procedures, administration of operational statistics, and the general command of the smart plug and the units that comprise it, including its activation or partial deactivation or total, and a power line connection port 7 to connect to conventional power networks and not conventional.
  • a signal processing unit 2 for controlling and operating signals, including the selection of the most convenient power source among the networks connected to the connection ports
  • a detection unit 3 for measuring the power consumption
  • the smart plug also includes a box containing all its internal units, where said box offers one or more electrical, female and male power sockets, for power supply and connection of user electrical appliances, power line connections , and the wireless or wired physical interfaces for data communication and control through external controllers.
  • the smart plug 1 also needs a power supply 8 to supply power to all electronic circuits contained in the box containing it.
  • the power supply 8 performs AC / DC conversion to adapt the AC power grid to DC voltages appropriate to current integrated circuit technologies (IC) and other electronic components, and protects all internal electronics from instabilities in the main power grid AC through fuses to the connections of the smart plug units.
  • the smart plug also has an internal plug connector 9 to connect it to the jack sockets currently installed in the user's premises and connected to the AC network, at one end, and to the power supply 8, by its second end Such an internal plug connector 9 supplies power to the smart plug quickly, thus preventing the modification of the connections to the available AC electrical installation and the costly related civil works.
  • the smart plug 1 further comprises at least one power jack socket
  • the power jack 10 is the physical means for connecting household or industrial appliances to the power network selected by the signal processing unit 2 and / or the control unit 6 of said smart plug 1.
  • This protection unit 1 1 is an electronic switch, fuse, or electromechanical relay, and is connected to the power jack 10, at one of its ends, and to one of the power lines 12 available at the output of the connection port of power lines 7 after the line is selected by a mechanism that controls the electronic switching unit 4.
  • Each power line connection port 7 is connected to the selected power network by means of previously existing power lines in the user's electrical installation.
  • the power line connection port 7 is connected to the available AC networks, conventional and / or unconventional, at one of its ends, and the protection unit 11, at its second end.
  • the power line connection port 7 connects each power line to one and only one supply network by a selection mechanism controlled by the electronic switching unit 4, which makes it impossible connect at the same time a device to more than one network from among the networks available in the electrical installation.
  • the power line connection port 7 has commutable power lines commanded by a demultiplexing and selection mechanism controlled by the electronic switching unit 4, thus closing the wired circuit between the output of the connection port of power lines 7 and protection unit input 1 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart describing the modes of operation of the smart plug, in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • the control unit 6 controls the smart plug to operate in five operating modes, namely the ignition mode 310, the calibration mode 31 1, the operation mode 312, the stand-by mode 313, and the mode of operation off 314. Such modes of operation define the different interactions between the units that make up the smart plug 1.
  • the control unit 6 executes at least one routine called ignition (310R), calibration and self-diagnosis (31 IR), operating (312R), standby (313R) and shutdown
  • the power mode defines routines for starting all units after connection to an AC power supply for power supply to power all electronic circuits contained in the smart plug box 1.
  • the calibration mode defines routines to calibrate and measure the real power consumption of the smart plug 1, to perform self-diagnosis, and execute, in general, all actions aimed at ensuring that future supply network selection decisions are suitable when external power consumption devices are connected to the plug.
  • the operating mode defines routines to operate on the smart plug 1 in its stable state, once the calibration routines have been turned on and completed and, at the same time, when it happens that a device is connected and switched on to the power jack 10.
  • the stand-by mode defines routines to operate the smart plug 1 in its stable state, once the calibration routines are turned on and completed, and at the same time, when it happens that no device is connected to the power jack 10, or each once it is connected but turned off, so it does not consume power and does not require power from the available power sources connected to the smart plug 1.
  • the shutdown mode defines routines for disconnecting smart plug 1, automatically or by action of the user, thus stopping all active processes, applications and the operating system.
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram of the signal processing unit 2 of the smart plug, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the signal processing unit 2 is connected to the detection unit 3, the electronic switching unit 4, and the control unit 6.
  • the signal processing unit 2 comprises a local input-output unit 21 for transmitting and receiving data to and / or from other units within the intelligent plug 1, including the control unit 6, the detection unit 3, the electronic unit switching 4 and communication unit 5, and external controllers if available; a digital signal processor 22 to perform specialized logic and arithmetic operations and execute algorithms, in general, and to compare the power consumption of the devices connected to the smart plug 1 and the available energies delivered by the power supply networks connected to the plug smart 1; a memory unit 23 for storing data useful for the processing and administration of the plug, including data on power consumption and available energy to be delivered over the networks, calibration and self-diagnostic data, operation records, operational statistics and other obvious functions for the operation of the smart plug 1, and a calibration and self-diagnostic unit 24 to perform the automatic test, start-up, power calibration for signal processing, communication tests, and other functions inherent to the operation of the smart plug 1.
  • the local input-output unit 21 is a digital electronic circuit with buffer storage, time control, recording and data transfer capabilities.
  • the local input-output unit 21 controls the communication of the signal processing unit 2 with other external and internal units, including the transfer of data to and from the memory unit 23 and the calibration and self-diagnostic unit 24, and administers the protocols within the signal processing unit 2 such as the start-up of the calibration routines, the activation or deactivation of the processing, the memory startup and other obvious processes to the signal processing unit 2.
  • the digital signal processor 22 is a digital electronic hardware unit on which the calibration, control and decision algorithms for selecting power supply networks are executed.
  • the digital signal processor 22 is a general purpose microprocessor, digital signal microprocessor (DSP), microcontroller, programmable logic device, programmable door array, application specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other digital technology suitable for performing its operational functions.
  • DSP digital signal microprocessor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • the digital signal processor 22 performs calculations on the basis of calibration data, the power consumption data of the connected device, the available energies delivered by the existing (connected) supply networks, standards, standards and thresholds of energy production for assign the most convenient network to service a given device, allocation / switching algorithms, network priority algorithms, better network service algorithms, and other algorithms suitable for selecting the power supply network more suitable to serve the connected device, in the event that the use of cheaper energy sources is prioritized, or at the user's discretion.
  • the digital signal processor 22 executes the algorithms and compares the calibration data of the calibration and self-diagnostic unit 24, the energy delivery data from the control unit 6 and the power consumption data of the connected device from the detection unit 3, through the control unit 6, to select the best service network.
  • the digital signal processor 22 transfers the calculation results, through the local input-output unit 21, to the electronic switching unit 4 to control the power lines, and to the control unit 6 to Perform statistics and management.
  • the memory unit 23 transfers data from / to the digital signal processor 22 and the calibration and self-diagnostic unit 24.
  • the memory unit 23 is a volatile, random access memory (RAM), where the processing instructions, registers, functions and other suitable data are loaded from a local, non-volatile memory, from the commissioning and loading of processes of the smart plug 1.
  • the calibration and self-diagnosis unit 24 performs local control of the calibration routine 31 IR and tests during calibration mode 31 1 that starts the control unit 6, and transfer the results of said calibration back to the control unit 6, through the local input-output unit 21. Therefore, and based on independent calibrated measurements, a power consumption reference value is extracted from the plug 241, which is previously loaded into a non-volatile memory and which is accessible by the control unit 6 and the signal processing unit 2, and which is used as input of the calibration routine IR 31.
  • the actual power consumption 242 of the smart plug is measured by a detection circuit connected to the power supply 8.
  • the reference value of power consumption 241 and the actual power consumption of the smart plug 242 are the input of a comparator of power 243, thus generating a difference value, or offset.
  • the offset value is used for compensation and correction 244 of the subsequent consumption measurements that are made during operating mode 312, generating a compensation value 245.
  • This compensation value 245 is then stored in memory and transferred to the signal processor. digital 22 to execute the power network selection.
  • the compensation value 245, the actual power consumption 242, the energy available in the main AC network 246 and the energies available in the secondary AC networks 247 are the input parameters of a better server network algorithm 248 executed by the digital signal processor 22.
  • the output of the best server network algorithm 248 is a selected network identifier 249, wherein the digital signal processor 22 performs a cost analysis 250, comparing the selected network identifier 249 against a reference network identifier 251.
  • the result of the cost analysis 250 is a binary cost indicator 252 that informs the calibration and self-diagnostic unit 24 if the calibration routine 31 IR has been successfully completed. Therefore, the calibration routine 31 IR ends when the binary cost indicator 252 has a positive value previously defined by the designer and informed to the control unit 6, to start the operation mode 312 of the smart plug 1.
  • a negative or null value of the binary cost indicator 252 informs the calibration and self-diagnostic unit 24 that another compensation and correction cycle is required to complete the calibration mode 31 1, until the binary cost indicator 252 is a positive number, in order to achieve an adequate calibration, thus informing the control unit 6 and leaving the calibration mode 31 1.
  • FIG. 7 shows the detection unit 3 of the smart plug 1, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the unit has a fuse 31 for the protection of the smart plug 1 against improper handling of the power jack 10 or the device connected to it, an optoelectronic detection decoupler 32 for protection of the internal circuits of the smart plug 1 against overloads. power or short circuit, in case of damage to the fuse 31, a power detection circuit 33 to measure the power consumption of the device connected to the power jack 10, a signal handling circuit 34 to perform analog to digital conversion and data format, and a buffer circuit 35 for recording and transmission of data to the signal processing unit 2 and the control unit 6.
  • Fuse 31 is an electronic, fuse, or electromechanical relay switch, which connects to the power jack 10, at one of its ends, and to the optoelectronic detection decoupler 32, at its second end.
  • the optoelectronic detection decoupler 32 is an analog solid state optoelectronic circuit consisting of semiconductor devices that electrically separates the power signal from the fuse 31 and subsequent circuits inside the detection unit 3.
  • the detection unit 3 is prepared to operate in two modes, according to user preferences and subsequent configuration, namely the analog detection mode and the digital detection mode.
  • the optoelectronic detection decoupler 32 When operating in the analog detection mode, the optoelectronic detection decoupler 32 connects to the fuse 31, at one of its ends, and to the power detection circuit 33, at its second end.
  • the optoelectronic detection decoupler 32 is connected to the fuse 31 at one of its ends, and to the signal handling circuit 34, at its second end.
  • the power detection circuit 33 When operating in the analog detection mode, the power detection circuit 33 is a solid state analog electronic circuit consisting of semiconductor devices, power regulators and comparator amplifiers. In this mode, the power detection circuit 33 is connected to the optoelectronic detection decoupler 32, at one of its ends, and to the signal handling circuit 34, at its second end. The power detection circuit 33 calculates the actual power consumption of the connected apparatus, and encodes it in an analog waveform of magnitude proportional to the energy.
  • the power detection circuit 33 When operating in the digital detection mode, the power detection circuit 33 is a digital electronic circuit consisting of logic circuits, comparators, displacement registers, and other digital circuits. In this digital mode, the power detection circuit 33 is connected to the signal handling circuit 34, at one of its ends, and to the buffer circuit 35, at its second end. Therefore, the power detection circuit 33 calculates the actual power consumption of the connected device and encodes it in the form of a binary word.
  • the signal handling circuit 34 is an electronic mixed signal circuit consisting of analog to digital converters, clocks and synchronization circuits, shift registers, and other digital circuits.
  • the signal handling circuit 34 performs the analog to digital conversion and signal conditioning of its input signal, and delivery to the buffer circuit 35 or to the power detection circuit 33, depending on whether the detection unit 3 operates in the analog detection mode or the digital detection mode, respectively.
  • the buffer circuit 35 is a digital electronic circuit consisting of logic circuits, comparators, shift registers, and other digital circuits.
  • the buffer circuit 35 is connected at one of its ends to the output of the signal handling unit 34 and / or to the power detection unit 33, depending on whether the detection unit 3 operates in the analog detection mode or the digital detection mode, respectively, and to the control unit 6, at its second end.
  • the buffer circuit 35 stores the power consumption data encoded in binary form, and delivers them to the control unit 6 and / or the signal processing unit 2 after enabling and / or activating the control signals of the control unit. control 6.
  • FIG. 8 shows a block diagram of the electronic switching unit
  • a switching manager 41 to connect to the signal processing unit 2, to moderate communications and data transfer, and to receive orders of switching of the control unit 6, a switching controller 42, which is a logic control and coding unit for operating the set of electronic switches, an optoelectronic switching decoupler 43 to isolate the digital circuits from the power lines, an administrator of the power lines 44 to protect the internal circuits of the smart plug 1 against power saturation or short circuit, in the event of a fuse failure, and a set of electronic switches 45 to open or close the power power lines according to commands from the power line manager 44.
  • a switching controller 42 which is a logic control and coding unit for operating the set of electronic switches
  • an optoelectronic switching decoupler 43 to isolate the digital circuits from the power lines
  • an administrator of the power lines 44 to protect the internal circuits of the smart plug 1 against power saturation or short circuit, in the event of a fuse failure
  • a set of electronic switches 45 to open or close the power power lines according to commands from the power line manager 44.
  • Switching manager 41 is a digital circuit with buffer storage, time control, recording and data transfer capabilities to connect to other circuits and receive commands from control unit 6. Switching manager 41 connects to the control unit 6, by one of its ends, and to the switching controller 42, by its second end. In this way, the switching administrator 41 passes a parallel or serial binary word with logical meaning to the switching controller 42, representing in an appropriate format the power line to be activated and / or selected.
  • Switching controller 42 is a logic circuit with demultiplexing and / or binary decoding capabilities to generate a binary word with a single logical value "1" with significant value, and which represents electronic switch 45 which has to be activated, and therefore the power line that will be activated / connected according to the commands of the control unit 6, after the signal processing unit 2 has executed and solved the algorithm for selecting the better supply network and the respective power line.
  • the switching controller 42 is connected to the switching manager 41, at one of its ends, and to the optoelectronic switching decoupler 43, at its second end.
  • Each bit of the binary word generated by switching controller 42 encodes each available power line, and has a logical value "0" if the corresponding power line must be deactivated and / or disconnected, and a logical value "1" if the line corresponding power must be selected, thus closing the electronic switch 45 corresponding to the power line in question and, as a consequence, delivering power to the connected device through the power jack 10.
  • the optoelectronic switching decoupler 43 is an optoelectronic solid state circuit composed of semiconductor devices. It is connected to the switching controller 42, at one of its ends, and to the power line manager 44, at its second end, and electrically decouples the low power electronic signals and circuits of the switching controller 42 and the subsequent electronic circuits of power of the administrator of the power lines 44.
  • the power line manager 44 is an electronic solid state power circuit connected to the optoelectronic switching decoupler 43, at one of its ends, and to the set of electronic switches 45, at its second end.
  • the power line manager 44 performs the signal handling to adapt the low power binary signals from the optoelectronic switching decoupler 43 to binary power signals to control the electronic switches 45.
  • Each of the electronic switches 45 is a binary solid state power or electromechanical relay switch.
  • An electronic switch 45 has a conduction port that is connected to the output of one of the available ports of the power line manager 44, a connection port switched to one of the power lines from the connection port of power lines. power 7, and a second switched port that connects the corresponding line to the input port of the protection unit 1 1.
  • Each electronic switch 45 opens or closes the contacts electrical connections between the lines connected to its switched ports depending on the value of the binary signal in its conduction port.
  • Figure 9 shows a block diagram of the communication unit 5 of the smart plug 1, according to an embodiment of the invention, the unit comprising a communication interface 51 for physically connecting the smart plug 1 to local control devices and networks or remote, a transceiver unit 52 for transmitting and receiving data to / from internal and external controllers, and a network management agent 53 to provide an interface for remote control and management of the smart plug 1 by an external network administrator, and to notify the operations manager or user through network management protocols and procedures.
  • a communication interface 51 for physically connecting the smart plug 1 to local control devices and networks or remote
  • a transceiver unit 52 for transmitting and receiving data to / from internal and external controllers
  • a network management agent 53 to provide an interface for remote control and management of the smart plug 1 by an external network administrator, and to notify the operations manager or user through network management protocols and procedures.
  • the communication interface 51 is a wired and / or wireless interface that connects the smart plug 1 to the physical transmission medium, at one of its ends, and to the transceiver unit 52, at its second end.
  • the transceiver unit 52 is a mixed signal circuit constructed in accordance with standard communication systems and has reception and transmission capabilities to communicate. It is connected to the communication interface 51, at one of its ends, and the control unit 6, at its second end.
  • the transceiver unit 52 performs the processing of communication signals, treating standard baseband and / or radio frequency communication signals and protocols, according to the communication interface 51 enabled.
  • the network management agent 53 is a software unit that resides in a non-volatile internal memory, which is activated by the control unit 6 after the start-up of the smart plug 1.
  • FIG. 10 shows a block diagram of the control unit 6 of the smart plug 1, according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • the main function of the control unit 6 is to receive available and deliverable data from external controllers by various power supply networks, and which are required by the signal processing unit 2 to be able to execute the selection algorithms of network and, in general, to accept and manage commands from external controllers for the purpose of operation, installation, interconnection, statistics, network management, and remote or local registration, among others.
  • the control unit 6 further comprises an operating system 61 which is the basic resource management unit of the intelligent plug 1 managing all its components and units, a control processor 62 for executing the operating system 61 and the control applications, a memory control unit 63 for storing data from different units within smart plug 1 and from external controllers, a statistics unit 64 for storing historical data relating to the use of smart plug 1, available deliverable power, command registers, and other events related to the operation of the smart plug 1, and a device manager 65 to address and command the internal units of the smart plug 1.
  • the control unit 6 has a start-up controller 66, and a data logger. Commands and events 67.
  • the operating system 61 is a software unit that resides in a non-volatile internal memory, which is activated after commissioning to manage all the resources of the smart plug 1 including its internal units and external controllers via remote control, since that all are treated as peripheral devices of the smart plug 1.
  • the operating system 61 supports software applications for statistics, network management and control of the smart plug 1, and runs on a hardware platform defined by the realization of the control processor 62, when it is loaded into local memory after startup.
  • the control processor 62 is a digital electronic hardware unit on which the operating system 61 and the top-level statistics, network management and device controller applications of the smart plug 1 run.
  • the control processor 62 is a microprocessor General purpose, microcontroller, programmable logic device, programmable door array, specific application integrated circuit (ASIC), or any other digital technology suitable for performing its operational functions.
  • the internal control memory 63 is a volatile, random access memory (RAM) that stores process data from commands of the control processor 62.
  • RAM random access memory
  • the statistics unit 64 is a secondary, non-volatile and rewritable memory, where a statistics application controlled by the operating system 61 accesses, writes, reads, deletes and / or manages operational data.
  • the device manager 65 is a software interface for the command of the signal processing unit 2, the detection unit 3, the electronic switching unit 4, the communication unit 5, the power supply 8 and the control unit. detection inside, and other internal units of the smart plug 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)

Abstract

L'objet de la présente invention est de fournir un connecteur intelligent qui permet le raccordement d'appareils électroménagers et/ou de dispositif industriels par une ou de plusieurs prises, et qui est capable de détecter la consommation d'électricité des appareils connectés, de communiquer avec des composants internes et avec des appareils externes de commande d'alimentation par l'intermédiaire d'unités de commande et de communication, et de sélectionner, au moyen d'un mécanisme de commutation électronique interne, la source d'énergie la plus adaptée parmi un ensemble de sources d'alimentation en énergie électrique conventionnelles et non conventionnelles, afin d'optimiser les ressources énergétiques, en donnant la priorité aux sources d'énergies les mieux adaptées conformément à des critères de coût de l'énergie.
PCT/ES2012/070647 2011-09-14 2012-09-12 Connecteur intelligent à usage domestique et industriel pour réseaux électriques intelligents Ceased WO2013038044A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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ESP201131491 2011-09-14
ES201131491A ES2401825B1 (es) 2011-09-14 2011-09-14 Enchufe inteligente para uso doméstico e industrial en redes eléctricas inteligentes

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2142545A1 (fr) * 1994-02-15 1995-08-16 Graham S. Lee Compteur pour appareils electriques
ES2204104T3 (es) * 1998-02-20 2004-04-16 Wrap S.P.A. Sistema, dispositivo y metodo para monitorizar una serie de equipos de consumo, particularmente aparatos domesticos.
US20090150509A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-11 Industrial Technology Research Institute Smart client-server socket
US20100145536A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-06-10 Masters Gilbert J Smart Electrical Wire-Devices and Premises Power Management System
US20110121648A1 (en) * 2009-11-22 2011-05-26 Yang Pan Power Supply System Including Alternative Sources

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA2142545A1 (fr) * 1994-02-15 1995-08-16 Graham S. Lee Compteur pour appareils electriques
ES2204104T3 (es) * 1998-02-20 2004-04-16 Wrap S.P.A. Sistema, dispositivo y metodo para monitorizar una serie de equipos de consumo, particularmente aparatos domesticos.
US20090150509A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2009-06-11 Industrial Technology Research Institute Smart client-server socket
US20100145536A1 (en) * 2008-09-25 2010-06-10 Masters Gilbert J Smart Electrical Wire-Devices and Premises Power Management System
US20110121648A1 (en) * 2009-11-22 2011-05-26 Yang Pan Power Supply System Including Alternative Sources

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