WO2013035248A1 - シリコン単結晶中窒素濃度算出方法および抵抗率シフト量算出方法 - Google Patents
シリコン単結晶中窒素濃度算出方法および抵抗率シフト量算出方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013035248A1 WO2013035248A1 PCT/JP2012/005024 JP2012005024W WO2013035248A1 WO 2013035248 A1 WO2013035248 A1 WO 2013035248A1 JP 2012005024 W JP2012005024 W JP 2012005024W WO 2013035248 A1 WO2013035248 A1 WO 2013035248A1
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- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
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- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
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- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/834—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge further characterised by the dopants
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- G01N27/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating impedance by investigating resistance
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for calculating a nitrogen concentration in a nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal and a method for calculating a resistivity shift amount, and in particular, a method for calculating a nitrogen concentration in a nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal grown by the Czochralski method (CZ method). And a method for calculating the resistivity shift amount.
- CZ method Czochralski method
- nitrogen may be doped for the purpose of controlling crystal defects or for controlling oxygen precipitates called BMD.
- BMD oxygen precipitates
- SIMS secondary ion mass spectrometry
- FT-IR method Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- Non-Patent Document 1 Nitrogen in silicon is supposed to take various forms such as NN, NNO, and NNOO. In general, the absorption in the infrared region due to these various vibration modes is measured by the FT-IR method. These forms have been reported to vary with processing temperature. By observing all these various absorption peaks to increase sensitivity, or by removing background noise due to oxygen-derived donors (oxygen donors) as in Patent Document 1, the detection sensitivity is improved. Yes.
- Non-Patent Document 1 reports that the detection sensitivity of infrared absorption by these NN, NNO, and NNOO is 1 ⁇ 10 14 atoms / cc by combining various measurement techniques.
- Patent Document 2 As a method for obtaining a lower concentration, in Patent Document 2, focusing on the formation of a donor by nitrogen, first, a nitrogen-derived donor (nitrogen oxygen donor) is erased by heat treatment at 1000 ° C. or higher, and then 500-800. A nitrogen-derived donor is formed by heat treatment at 0 ° C., and the nitrogen concentration is obtained from the resistivity change that occurs at that time.
- a nitrogen-derived donor nitrogen oxygen donor
- Non-Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 disclose the nitrogen-oxygen donor in a low nitrogen concentration region in more detail.
- the nitrogen concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 14 / cm 3 or less, it takes a different form of ONO instead of the form of NN, NNO, or NNOO described above, and this acts as a donor.
- the amount of nitrogen oxygen donors is measured by far-infrared absorption at a very low temperature (liquid He temperature).
- the nitrogen concentration and the nitrogen-oxygen donor are 1: 1. Therefore, there is a possibility that the nitrogen concentration can be quantitatively measured by applying this technique.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a method for obtaining the nitrogen concentration from the state of defects.
- Examples of the defect include a Grown-in defect and BMD.
- Patent Documents 1-4 and the like are cited as methods for obtaining the nitrogen concentration.
- a nitrogen-derived donor is a nitrogen-oxygen donor related to oxygen (hereinafter sometimes referred to as NO donor). Therefore, the concentration of nitrogen-oxygen donor should depend not only on nitrogen but also on oxygen concentration. Therefore, the method of Patent Document 2 cannot be used as it is when the oxygen concentration is different, and a calibration curve for each oxygen concentration should be separately required as described in Patent Document 2, which is versatile. There is no such thing.
- Non-Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 if the oxygen concentration changes greatly, for example, if the oxygen concentration becomes low, it can be imagined that there is nitrogen that cannot form a nitrogen-oxygen donor due to insufficient oxygen concentration.
- the nitrogen concentration is 1 ⁇ 10 14 / cm 3 or more, the nitrogen concentration and the nitrogen oxygen donor deviate from a 1: 1 correlation.
- the nitrogen that cannot form the nitrogen oxygen donor forms the above-mentioned NN and the like. I imagined that. That is, even if the technique disclosed here is applied, it is estimated that an accurate nitrogen concentration cannot be obtained if the oxygen concentration is different.
- Patent Document 4 it is also known that the grown-in defect and the defect occurrence state of BMD depend on the oxygen concentration.
- BMD is an abbreviation for Bulk Micro Defect and means a precipitate of oxygen.
- Crystal defects such as BMD and OSF (Oxygen Induced Stacking Fault) are defects related to oxygen, and it is known that if the oxygen concentration is high, it becomes large and high density.
- a Grown-in defect also called a void defect, is said to have an oxide film (inner wall oxide film) inside the defect. According to our knowledge, the density depends on the oxygen concentration. I know that. However, in Patent Document 4, no quantitative consideration is given regarding the degree of influence of the oxygen concentration.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and a method for calculating the nitrogen concentration in a silicon single crystal that can determine the value of the nitrogen concentration even when the oxygen concentration is different.
- the purpose is to provide. It is another object of the present invention to provide a method for calculating a resistivity shift amount by heat treatment for erasing a nitrogen-oxygen donor.
- the present invention is a method for calculating the nitrogen concentration in a nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal, the resistivity of the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal after heat treatment for erasing oxygen donors, and A correlation between the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] obtained from the difference from the resistivity after heat treatment for erasing the nitrogen-oxygen donor, the oxygen concentration [Oi], and the nitrogen concentration [N] is obtained in advance, and the correlation Based on the relationship, an unknown nitrogen concentration [N] in the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal is calculated and obtained from the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] and the oxygen concentration [Oi].
- Provided is a method for calculating medium nitrogen concentration.
- the unknown nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal is obtained using the carrier concentration difference, it can be calculated corresponding to the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal having various oxygen concentrations. Since the oxygen concentration is also taken into consideration, the nitrogen concentration can be obtained more accurately than in the past. Moreover, since the nitrogen concentration can be calculated and obtained from the carrier concentration difference and the oxygen concentration based on the correlation obtained in advance, it is simple.
- the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal may be grown by the Czochralski method.
- CZ crystal it is said that the effect of nitrogen doping can be sufficiently obtained even at a low nitrogen concentration that is difficult to measure by SIMS or FT-IR, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 14 / cm 3 or less.
- the present invention is effective in determining the nitrogen concentration of a CZ crystal that is useful even if the nitrogen concentration is low, as well as the CZ crystal having a nitrogen concentration that can be measured by SIMS or the like.
- the present invention which can be measured without the influence is effective.
- the present invention also relates to a method of calculating a resistivity shift amount in a nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal, wherein the resistivity and nitrogen-oxygen donor after the heat treatment for erasing the oxygen donor in the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal are calculated.
- a correlation between a carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] obtained from a difference from the resistivity after heat treatment to be erased, an oxygen concentration [Oi], and a nitrogen concentration [N] is obtained in advance, and based on the correlation
- an unknown carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] in the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal is calculated from the nitrogen concentration [N] and the oxygen concentration [Oi], and the nitrogen concentration is calculated from the calculated carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n].
- a resistivity shift amount calculation method characterized by obtaining a resistivity shift amount by a heat treatment for erasing an oxygen donor.
- the carrier concentration difference can be calculated more easily and accurately than before, corresponding to nitrogen-doped silicon single crystals with various oxygen concentrations, and the resistivity shift due to heat treatment to erase the nitrogen-oxygen donor The amount can be determined.
- the resistivity shift amount can be obtained without performing the heat treatment for nitrogen-oxygen donor erasure.
- ⁇ [n] ⁇ [N] ⁇ [Oi] from the nitrogen concentration [N] and the oxygen concentration [Oi] . It can be calculated using a correlation equation with 5 to 3.5 + ⁇ (where ⁇ and ⁇ are constants). Thus, it can be easily calculated using the correlation equation.
- the constants ⁇ and ⁇ can be appropriately determined according to measurement conditions such as oxygen concentration.
- the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal may be grown by the Czochralski method.
- the present invention is effective because it contains a large amount of oxygen and can determine the nitrogen concentration of a CZ crystal that is useful even if the nitrogen concentration is a low concentration that is difficult to measure.
- the nitrogen concentration in a single crystal can be calculated and determined corresponding to nitrogen-doped silicon single crystals having various oxygen concentrations.
- the resistivity shift amount resulting from the heat treatment for nitrogen-oxygen donor erasure can be obtained. Moreover, it can be obtained more easily and accurately than in the past.
- the carrier concentration difference (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as carrier concentration difference) obtained from the difference between the resistivity after the heat treatment for erasing the oxygen donor and the resistivity after the heat treatment for erasing the nitrogen oxygen donor is used. Therefore, when the unknown nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal is obtained, the nitrogen oxygen donor depends on the oxygen concentration. Therefore, if the oxygen concentration changes, a method such as Patent Document 2 generates a calibration curve for each oxygen concentration. Need to ask.
- a correlation between the above three of the carrier concentration difference, oxygen concentration, and nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal is obtained in advance. If the nitrogen concentration is unknown and the carrier concentration difference and oxygen concentration in the single crystal to be measured are obtained by measurement or the like, and the nitrogen concentration is calculated based on the correlation, the nitrogen concentration corresponds to various oxygen concentrations.
- the present inventors have found that can be easily obtained, and have completed the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a flowchart showing an example of a process.
- the process is largely divided into a preliminary test and a main test.
- the preliminary test the correlation between the carrier concentration difference, the oxygen concentration, and the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal is investigated and obtained from the sample for the preliminary test.
- the nitrogen concentration is unknown
- the carrier concentration difference and the oxygen concentration are obtained, and these values are applied to the correlation obtained in the preliminary test to calculate the nitrogen concentration. To do.
- FIG. 1 (A) a sample for obtaining a correlation among a carrier concentration difference, an oxygen concentration, and a nitrogen concentration in a nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal is prepared.
- the number of samples is not particularly limited and can be determined each time.
- the carrier concentration difference, oxygen concentration, and nitrogen concentration ranges in each sample are not particularly limited, but can be determined according to, for example, the expected nitrogen concentration value in the single crystal actually evaluated in this test. In this test, an appropriate number of samples in the range of each element can be prepared so that the nitrogen concentration can be obtained more accurately.
- a sample for a preliminary test and a silicon single crystal grown while nitrogen-doped by the CZ method will be described as an example of an evaluation object in a later-described main test. Is not particularly limited. What is necessary is just to be able to obtain the correlation of each element as a preliminary test sample.
- the crystal growth by the CZ method is not particularly limited, and for example, a method similar to the conventional method can be used. Crystals by the CZ method contain a large amount of oxygen and are useful even when the nitrogen concentration is so low that it is difficult to measure with SIMS, etc., so the nitrogen concentration of such a CZ crystal is calculated. In doing so, the present invention is particularly effective.
- This step mainly includes a heat treatment for erasing the oxygen donor, the subsequent measurement of resistivity, a heat treatment for erasing the nitrogen-oxygen donor, and a subsequent resistivity measurement. That is, oxygen donors and nitrogen oxygen donors are present in the crystal of the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal grown by the CZ method, but the heat treatment for erasing the oxygen donor is relatively low temperature as will be described later. To erase the oxygen donor from the crystal and measure the resistivity. At this time, since the nitrogen-oxygen donor still remains in the crystal, the resistivity here is the resistivity in the state where there is no oxygen donor and there is a nitrogen-oxygen donor.
- the heat treatment for erasing the nitrogen-oxygen donor is at a relatively high temperature, and the nitrogen-oxygen donor in the crystal is erased by the heat treatment. Therefore, it is possible to measure the resistivity in the absence of oxygen donor and nitrogen oxygen donor. Then, the carrier concentration difference caused by the nitrogen-oxygen donor can be obtained from the difference in resistivity.
- the heat treatment for oxygen donor erasure and the heat treatment for nitrogen oxygen donor erasure will be described in more detail. Since the oxygen donor is generated in a relatively low temperature region around 450 ° C., such a low temperature thermal history is not received on the bottom side of the CZ crystal, and almost no oxygen donor is generated. On the other hand, a large amount of oxygen donors are generated on the top side of the crystal because it passes sufficiently through this thermal history region. With the recent increase in crystal length, this tendency becomes more prominent, and a large amount of oxygen donors are present on the top side and almost no oxygen donors are present on the bottom side.
- This oxygen donor is known to be erased by a slight heat treatment at 650 ° C. for about 20 minutes, for example.
- Various other heat treatments for erasing the oxygen donor have been proposed. For example, there is a high temperature short time treatment using RTA (Rapid Thermal Anneal), and the temperature and time are not particularly specified here. Any heat treatment capable of erasing oxygen donors generated due to oxygen may be used.
- the nitrogen-oxygen donor is extinguished by heat treatment at a relatively high temperature such as 900 ° C. in Patent Document 3, 1000 ° C. in Patent Document 2, and 1050 ° C. in International Publication No. 2009/025337.
- the generation temperature of this nitrogen-oxygen donor is described as 500-800 ° C. in Patent Document 2 and 600-700 ° C. in Patent Document 3, and is generated at a higher temperature than that of an oxygen donor.
- the amount of generation is saturated by a relatively short heat treatment. For this reason, compared with the case where oxygen donors are formed at a high density on the top side of the crystal, nitrogen oxygen donors are generated relatively uniformly.
- the influence is relatively small, and the amount of nitrogen-oxygen donor greatly differs depending on the growth conditions.
- the resistivity is measured after performing a slight heat treatment at, for example, about 650 ° C., the carrier concentration calculated therefrom is obtained, and then the heat treatment for nitrogen oxygen donor erasure is performed.
- the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] resulting from the nitrogen-oxygen donor can be obtained from the difference.
- an Irvin curve may be used.
- the measuring method of a resistivity is not specifically limited, For example, it can carry out by the four probe method etc.
- the oxygen concentration [Oi] can be determined by, for example, the FT-IR method at room temperature.
- Oi Oi is described because oxygen atoms are present at interstitial positions in the silicon crystal, and the infrared absorption at these positions is measured and expressed as oxygen concentration. Because it is.
- Oxygen in which oxygen precipitation heat treatment is performed and oxygen atoms form oxygen precipitates (BMD) does not cause absorption as [Oi], but the oxygen concentration referred to here is naturally not in the state of precipitation heat treatment. Is.
- the FT-IR method is used when the sample has a normal resistivity, but infrared light is absorbed when the sample is a low resistivity crystal, and the FT-IR method cannot be used. Therefore, the oxygen concentration may be measured by a gas fusion method.
- resistivity measurement and oxygen concentration measurement are the most basic tasks for guaranteeing and evaluating CZ silicon, and are simple and versatile evaluation methods.
- Nitrogen doping in CZ silicon single crystal production is generally a method in which a nitrogen dopant is introduced into a crucible and dissolved together with a silicon raw material. As long as the amount of the initial dopant is clear, it is introduced into the silicon crystal according to the segregation phenomenon, so that the nitrogen concentration can be calculated.
- the present inventors conducted intensive research and analysis, and obtained these correlations obtained based on the actually obtained carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n], oxygen concentration [Oi], and nitrogen concentration [N].
- ⁇ [n] is proportional to the first power of [N] and approximately the third power of [Oi].
- various samples with varying nitrogen concentration [N] and oxygen concentration [Oi] are prepared, the oxygen donor is erased, and the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [ n].
- the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] is proportional to the first power of the nitrogen concentration [N] when the oxygen concentration [Oi] is fixed, and the carrier concentration difference when the nitrogen concentration is fixed.
- ⁇ [n] is proportional to the third power of the oxygen concentration [Oi]. This is a result suggesting that the nitrogen-oxygen donor is formed from one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms. Furthermore, when various data were taken and analyzed, it was found that the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] was proportional to the oxygen concentration [Oi] in the range of 2.5 to 3.5. Which of these 2.5 to 3.5 powers is to be determined is determined based on preliminary test data (carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n], oxygen concentration [Oi], nitrogen concentration [N]). It ’s fine.
- the constants ⁇ and ⁇ are constants determined by each measurement condition.
- the oxygen concentration is measured by the FT-IR method, and the oxygen concentration is converted from the absorbance obtained by subtracting the reference from the absorption peak.
- the conversion coefficient varies depending on the reference, varies depending on the measuring instrument, and varies depending on the manufacturer. Therefore, even if the same sample is measured, it depends on which conversion factor is used.
- nitrogen concentration between manufacturers is not correlated, and even if it is the same value on the display, the concentration may actually differ.
- the resistivity measurement is simple and there is no difference between manufacturers, but variable factors such as donor killer heat treatment conditions are added.
- ⁇ and ⁇ values can be determined in the in-house fixed process, but ⁇ and ⁇ are different in other processes. Value is likely. Therefore, here, the numbers are defined as constants, not fixed values, as they depend on the process.
- FIG. 1D A nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal grown by the CZ method whose nitrogen concentration is unknown is prepared, and a carrier concentration difference and an oxygen concentration are obtained by measurement or the like. The determination here can be performed by the same method as the preliminary test. In the subsequent process, the nitrogen concentration in this test is calculated based on the correlation between the carrier concentration difference, oxygen concentration, and nitrogen concentration obtained from the preliminary test, so the carrier concentration difference and oxygen concentration are the same processes as in the preliminary test. It is good to ask through. Thereby, a more accurate nitrogen concentration can be calculated and obtained.
- Such a nitrogen concentration calculation method of the present invention can cope with a change in oxygen concentration [Oi] and can easily calculate the nitrogen concentration.
- the influential oxygen concentration is taken into account when determining the nitrogen concentration, it is possible to calculate a more accurate nitrogen concentration.
- the method for obtaining the unknown nitrogen concentration in the case where the evaluation target is an unknown nitrogen concentration has been described above.
- a method for obtaining the resistivity shift amount by heat treatment for erasing the nitrogen-oxygen donor will be described.
- the carrier concentration difference due to the nitrogen oxygen donor in the grown crystal can be calculated by obtaining the oxygen concentration in the silicon single crystal, and further the resistivity The shift amount can be obtained.
- the oxygen donor can be erased at a relatively low temperature as described above, it is customary to measure the resistivity after erasing the oxygen donor and use the resistivity as a guaranteed value.
- the existence of nitrogen-oxygen donors is known, but there is no clear rule regarding the guarantee method, and the resistivity measured just by erasing the oxygen donor is used as the guarantee value. There seems to be some.
- the nitrogen-oxygen donor is erased and a resistivity value shift occurs. That is, the value shown as the guaranteed value is different from the resistance value of the process such as device, which may cause a problem in device operation. Therefore, if the silicon crystal has a known nitrogen concentration, it is possible to estimate the resistivity shift amount after the device only by measuring the oxygen concentration.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of steps in the present invention.
- the process is largely divided into a preliminary test and a main test.
- the preliminary test the correlation between the carrier concentration difference, the oxygen concentration, and the nitrogen concentration in the nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal is investigated and obtained from the sample for the preliminary test.
- the carrier concentration difference is unknown
- the carrier concentration difference is calculated by applying the measured oxygen concentration and nitrogen concentration values to the correlation obtained in the preliminary test. Further, the resistivity shift amount is obtained.
- ⁇ and ⁇ are the same as above.
- ⁇ and ⁇ determined under a specific condition are preferably used as constants. Unless there is any particular change, it is the same value as obtained above. In the unlikely event that the process conditions change significantly, such as by changing the conversion coefficient, it is possible to re-determine or use a correction coefficient.
- FIG. 2 (D) A nitrogen-doped silicon single crystal grown by the CZ method, which is the object of evaluation, is prepared, and the oxygen concentration and nitrogen concentration are obtained. The determination here can be performed by the same method as the preliminary test.
- the heat treatment conditions for nitrogen oxygen donor erasure are determined in the same manner as the heat treatment at 900 ° C. or higher during the wafer process or the device process, the amount of resistivity shift after the device process or the like can be estimated.
- Example 1 The calculation method of the nitrogen concentration in the silicon single crystal in the present invention was carried out. First, a preliminary test was performed to determine the correlation among the carrier concentration difference, oxygen concentration, and nitrogen concentration. Swing the target nitrogen concentration level to 3 ⁇ 10 13 to 12 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 3 and the oxygen concentration level to 2.5 ⁇ 10 17 to 12 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 (ASTM'79). Samples of various nitrogen-doped silicon single crystals were prepared.
- the CZ method has a quartz crucible filled with a melt and a heater arranged so as to surround the crucible. After immersing the seed crystal in the crucible, the rod-shaped single crystal is pulled up from the melt. The crucible can be moved up and down in the direction of the crystal growth axis, and the crucible is raised so as to compensate for the lowering of the melt level that is reduced by crystallization during crystal growth. An inert gas is flowed on the side of the crystal to rectify the oxidizing vapor generated from the silicon melt. Since the quartz crucible containing the melt is composed of silicon and oxygen, oxygen atoms are eluted into the silicon melt. The oxygen atoms move in the silicon melt by convection and eventually evaporate from the surface of the melt. At this time, most of the oxygen evaporates, but part of the oxygen is taken into the crystal and becomes interstitial oxygen Oi.
- the convection flow in the silicon melt by changing the number of revolutions of the crucible or crystal, or by changing the magnetic field application conditions in the magnetic field application CZ (MCZ) method. Since the amount of oxygen evaporated from the surface can be controlled by adjusting the gas flow rate or controlling the pressure in the furnace, the oxygen concentration in the single crystal can be controlled.
- an oxygen concentration level of 2.5 ⁇ 10 17 to 12 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 (ASTM'79) could be prepared over a fairly wide range.
- ASTM'79 it was possible to prepare a sample on the low oxygen concentration side, which was considered not to be evaluated much in the prior art.
- Nitrogen doping was performed by preparing a wafer with a nitride film and introducing it into a crucible together with a silicon raw material and melting it.
- the nitrogen doping amount was calculated from the film thickness of the nitride film and the weight of the wafer. Since the initial dope amount is known, the nitrogen concentration at the position where the sample was cut out by segregation calculation was calculated, and the value was used as the nitrogen concentration of each sample. Thus, samples having a nitrogen concentration level of 3 ⁇ 10 13 to 12 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 3 were prepared.
- FIG. 3 shows the results of selecting and plotting four levels from which there are 18 samples in total and the oxygen concentration is substantially the same and the nitrogen concentration is fluctuating.
- the oxygen concentration range at this time is 6.0 ⁇ 10 17 to 6.7 ⁇ 10 17 atoms / cm 3 (ASTM'79).
- the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] (/ cm 3 ) is proportional to the nitrogen concentration [N] (/ cm 3 ).
- FIG. 4 shows the results of selecting and plotting the four levels with the same nitrogen concentration and varying oxygen concentration.
- the nitrogen concentration range at this time is 3.0 ⁇ 10 13 to 3.7 ⁇ 10 13 / cm 3 .
- the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] (/ cm 3 ) is very strongly dependent on the oxygen concentration [Oi] (atoms / cm 3 (ASTM'79)). It is.
- the curve in FIG. 4 is shown as the third power of the oxygen concentration, but each data is almost in the form of it.
- the carrier concentration due to the nitrogen oxygen donor is of course proportional to the nitrogen concentration, but is more strongly affected by the oxygen concentration and here is proportional to the cube of the oxygen concentration. I understood. It can be seen that the contribution of oxygen concentration, whose effect has not been clearly clarified in the prior art, is very large.
- the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] was plotted on the horizontal axis using the product [N] ⁇ [Oi] 3 of the first power of nitrogen concentration and the third power of oxygen concentration using a total of 18 samples. The result is shown in FIG. All 18 samples were almost linear.
- ⁇ and ⁇ are not universal values, and are obtained as such values under the conditions used in Example 1. If the measurement conditions are different, various numbers are taken, and it is not limited to this value.
- the measured carrier concentration difference value (15.4 ⁇ 10 12 (/ cm 3 )) is the carrier concentration difference value (7.8 ⁇ 10 12 (7.8) in the evaluation target in the main test of Example 1. / Cm 3 )
- the nitrogen concentration was simply estimated to be twice that of the evaluation target of Example 1 without considering the influence of the oxygen concentration. That is, twice the 4.3 ⁇ 10 13 (/ cm 3 ), 8.6 ⁇ 10 13 (/ cm 3) and was estimated.
- the target nitrogen concentration of the crystal at the sampling position of the evaluation target was 4.3 ⁇ 10 13 (/ cm 3 ). That is, it was the same value as the evaluation target of Example 1.
- the nitrogen concentration was actually the same value as the evaluation target of Example 1, but the double value was estimated without considering the oxygen concentration. Is an estimation error because it is assumed that is proportional to the nitrogen concentration. Even if the nitrogen concentration is the same, if the oxygen concentration is different, it can be said that even if the difference in oxygen concentration is not so large, the required carrier concentration difference is greatly different.
- Example 2 As an evaluation object of this test, the same evaluation object as in Comparative Example 1 was prepared and the carrier concentration difference and the oxygen concentration were measured.
- the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] 15.4 ⁇ 10 12 (/ cm 3 ),
- the target nitrogen concentration at the sampling position of the evaluation target of the crystal is 4.3 ⁇ 10 13 (/ cm 3 ), so that almost the same result is obtained unlike Comparative Example 1. I was able to.
- Example 4 The calculation method of the resistivity shift amount in the present invention was performed.
- the preliminary test is the same as in Example 1, the same correlation equation (1) can be used, and a modified version of this is the following correlation equation (1) ′.
- ⁇ [n] 2.76 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 55 ⁇ [N] ⁇ [Oi] 3 + 1.18 ⁇ 10 12
- the resistivity of this wafer after heat treatment for oxygen donor erasure was 156 ⁇ cm.
- the wafer was subjected to thermal simulation simulating a device process. This thermal simulation imitates the thermal history when a device is manufactured, and the temperature is 750 ° C. to 1000 ° C., and the processing time is about 30 hours in total. Since the maximum temperature is 1000 ° C., it is estimated that the resistivity changes if there is a nitrogen-oxygen donor.
- the carrier concentration difference [n] attributed to the nitrogen-oxygen donor was calculated using the correlation equation (1) ′.
- the carrier concentration difference ⁇ [n] 1.3 ⁇ 10 13 (/ cm 3 ) was calculated. Since it is a P type, the resistivity after the thermal simulation was calculated from the value obtained by adding the carrier concentration difference to the carrier concentration corresponding to 156 ⁇ cm. As a result, the resistivity decreased to 135 ⁇ cm, and the resistivity shift amount was expected to be ⁇ 21 ⁇ cm.
- the resistivity of the sample was measured again.
- the resistivity was 138 ⁇ cm
- the resistivity shift amount was ⁇ 18 ⁇ cm. This substantially coincided with the resistivity (135 ⁇ cm) and the resistivity shift amount ( ⁇ 21 ⁇ cm) predicted by the present invention before the thermal simulation. Therefore, it can be said that the calculation of the resistivity shift amount after the heat treatment according to the present invention was appropriate.
- the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.
- the above-described embodiment is an exemplification, and the present invention has substantially the same configuration as the technical idea described in the claims of the present invention, and any device that exhibits the same function and effect is the present invention. It is included in the technical scope of the invention.
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Abstract
Description
この中で簡便な方法ではないが極低温(液体He温度)の遠赤外吸収により窒素酸素ドナー量を測定している。窒素濃度が1×1014/cm3以下では窒素濃度と窒素酸素ドナーが1:1となっているので、この技術を応用すれば窒素濃度を定量測定できる可能性が考えられる。
しかし、V.V.Voronkov et al. J.Appl.Phys.89(2001)4289などに示されている様に、窒素起因ドナーは、酸素とも関連した窒素酸素ドナー(以下、NOドナーと表記することがある)であることが知られている。従って窒素酸素ドナーの濃度は窒素だけでなく、酸素濃度にも依存するはずである。
したがって、特許文献2の方法では酸素濃度が異なる場合にはそのまま利用できず、特許文献2中に記載されているように別個に酸素濃度ごとの検量線が必要となるはずであり、汎用性があるとはいえない。
これらの文献で、窒素濃度が1×1014/cm3以上で、窒素濃度と窒素酸素ドナーが1:1の相関からずれるのは、窒素酸素ドナーを形成できない窒素が前述のNN等を形成するためと想像される。つまりここで開示されている技術を応用したとしても、酸素濃度が異なると正確な窒素濃度を求めることができないと推定される。
しかしながら、これらの従来技術の中では酸素濃度の影響度に関する言及がなかったり、酸素濃度が異なるとすぐには対応できないという問題点があった。
このように、上記相関関係式を用いて簡単に算出することができる。なお、定数α、βは酸素濃度等の測定条件に応じて適宜決定することができる。
CZ結晶においては、例えば1×1014/cm3以下というSIMSやFT-IR法での測定が困難な低窒素濃度であっても、窒素ドープの効果が十分に得られるとされている。SIMS等で測定可能な窒素濃度を有するCZ結晶はもちろんのこと、窒素濃度が低濃度であっても有用とされるCZ結晶の窒素濃度を求める際に本発明は有効である。また、CZ結晶は大量に酸素を含有するので、その影響を排除して測定できる本発明が有効である。
このように、上記相関関係式を用いて簡単に算出することができる。なお、定数α、βは酸素濃度等の測定条件に応じて適宜決定することができる。
本発明では、大量に酸素を含有するとともに、たとえ窒素濃度が測定が困難な低濃度であっても有用とされるCZ結晶の窒素濃度を求めることができて有効である。
上記のように、酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理後の抵抗率と窒素酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理後の抵抗率との差から求められるキャリア濃度差分(以下、単にキャリア濃度差分ということがある)を用いて窒素ドープシリコン単結晶中の未知の窒素濃度を求めるとき、窒素酸素ドナーは酸素濃度に依存しているため、酸素濃度が変化すると、特許文献2のような方法では酸素濃度ごとに検量線を求める必要がある。
そこで、まず、予め、窒素ドープシリコン単結晶における上記キャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度の三者の相関関係を求めておく。そして、窒素濃度が未知で測定対象の単結晶における上記キャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度を測定等により求め、上記相関関係に基づき窒素濃度を算出するのであれば、様々な酸素濃度に対応して窒素濃度を簡単に求めることができることを本発明者らは見出し、本発明を完成させた。
図1は工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。工程は、予備試験と本試験とに大きく分かれている。予備試験によって、予備試験用のサンプルから、窒素ドープシリコン単結晶におけるキャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度の相関関係を調査して求める。そして、本試験では、評価対象の窒素ドープシリコン単結晶(窒素濃度が未知)について、キャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度を求め、それらの値を、予備試験で求めた相関関係に当てはめて窒素濃度を算出する。
(予備試験)
(相関関係を求めるためのサンプルを用意する:図1(A))
最初に、窒素ドープシリコン単結晶におけるキャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度の相関関係を求めるためのサンプルを用意する。
サンプル数は特に限定されず、その都度決定することができる。また、各サンプルにおけるキャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度の範囲も特に限定されないが、例えば本試験で実際に評価する単結晶中の予想される窒素濃度の値に応じて決定することができる。本試験において、より正確に窒素濃度を得られるように適切な数、各要素の範囲のサンプルを用意することができる。
次に、用意したサンプルについてのキャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度を求める。
まず、キャリア濃度差分の求め方について説明する。
この工程においては、主に、酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理、その後の抵抗率の測定、さらに窒素酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理、その後の抵抗率の測定からなる。すなわち、CZ法により育成した窒素ドープシリコン単結晶の結晶中には酸素ドナーと窒素酸素ドナーとが存在しているが、酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理は後述するように比較的低温であり、該熱処理によって、結晶中から酸素ドナーを消去し、抵抗率を測定する。このとき、窒素酸素ドナーはまだ結晶中に残存しているので、ここでの抵抗率は、酸素ドナーは存在せず、窒素酸素ドナーが存在する状態における抵抗率となる。
そして、これらの抵抗率の差から窒素酸素ドナー起因のキャリア濃度差分を求めることができる。
酸素ドナーは450℃前後の比較的低温領域で生成されるため、CZ結晶のボトム側ではこのような低温熱履歴を受けず、ほとんど酸素ドナーが発生しない。逆に結晶のトップ側では充分にこの熱履歴領域を通過するため多くの酸素ドナーが生成される。近年の結晶長尺化に伴い、この傾向は一層顕著となり、トップ側では大量の酸素ドナーが存在し、ボトム側には酸素ドナーがほとんど存在しない、と言うような状況となっている。
なお、抵抗率の測定方法は特に限定されず、例えば四探針法等により行うことができる。
酸素濃度[Oi]は、例えば、室温のFT-IR法によって求めることが可能である。[Oi]でOiと記載しているのは酸素原子がシリコン結晶中ではインタースティシャルの位置に存在しているためであり、その位置での赤外吸収を測定して酸素濃度と表記しているためである。酸素析出熱処理を行い、酸素原子が酸素析出物(BMD)を形成した酸素は、[Oi]としての吸収を起こさないが、ここで言及している酸素濃度は当然析出熱処理をしていない状態のものである。
CZシリコン単結晶製造における窒素ドープは、窒素ドープ剤をルツボに投入し、シリコン原料とともに溶解する方法が一般的である。初期のドープ剤の量さえ明確になっていれば、あとは偏析現象に従ってシリコン結晶中に導入されていくので、窒素濃度を計算で求めることが可能である。
以上のようにして、サンプルに関してキャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度を求めた後、これらの相関関係を求める。相関関係の求め方は特に限定されず、上記三者の相関関係を適切に求めることができれば良い。
本発明者らは、調査・解析により、特に重要な傾向として、Δ[n]が、[N]の一乗、[Oi]のおよそ3乗に比例する点を見いだした。
上述した工程のように、窒素濃度[N]及び酸素濃度[Oi]を振った様々なサンプルを用意して、酸素ドナーを消去し、その窒素酸素ドナー消去前後の抵抗率からキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]を求めた。それらのデータを解析したところ、酸素濃度[Oi]を固定した場合にはキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]は窒素濃度[N]の1乗に比例し、窒素濃度を固定した場合にはキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]は酸素濃度[Oi]のおよそ3乗に比例していることを突き止めた。これは窒素酸素ドナーが窒素原子1つと酸素原子3つから形成されているのではないかということを示唆する結果である。さらに種々のデータを取って解析したところ、キャリア濃度差分Δ[n]は酸素濃度[Oi]の2.5乗から3.5乗の範囲で比例していることが分かった。この2.5~3.5乗のうち、どの乗数とするかは、予備試験でのデータ(キャリア濃度差分Δ[n]、酸素濃度[Oi]、窒素濃度[N])を基にして求めれば良い。
Δ[n]=α[N]×[Oi]2.5~3.5+β (ここでα、βは定数)
である。そして、その相関関係式の変形から窒素濃度[N]を求める式を完成させた。すなわち、
[N]=(Δ[n]-β)/α[Oi]2.5~3.5 (ここでα、βは定数)
である。
またβは、NOドナーが窒素原子一つと酸素原子三つからなるという仮説に基づけば、0であることが好ましい。しかし実際には種々の測定上のエラー、例えばある熱処理ではNOドナーが完全に消去できない、といった誤差要因を含んだ相関関係式であるので、ここではβ=0でない場合も想定した式としている。
換算係数の変更など、一連のプロセス条件が大きく変わった場合には、改めて相関関係を求め、必要に応じて決め直したり、補正係数を用いたりすることができる。
(評価対象のキャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度を求める:図1(D))
評価対象である、窒素濃度が未知のCZ法により育成された窒素ドープシリコン単結晶を用意し、キャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度を測定等により求める。
ここでの求め方は予備試験と同様の方法により行うことができる。後の工程で、予備試験から求めたキャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度の相関関係に基づいて、本試験での窒素濃度を算出するので、キャリア濃度差分や酸素濃度は予備試験と同様のプロセスを経て求めるのが良い。これにより、より正確な窒素濃度を算出して求めることができる。
予備試験で求めた相関関係、ここでは、上記相関関係式の
[N]=(Δ[n]-β)/α[Oi]2.5~3.5 (ここでα、βは定数)
を用い、前工程で求めたキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]、酸素濃度[Oi]を代入することによって未知であった窒素濃度[N]を算出して求めることができる。
評価対象が、窒素濃度が未知のものである場合について、該未知の窒素濃度を求める方法については上記の通り説明した。ここでは、窒素濃度が既知である窒素ドープシリコン単結晶の場合に、窒素酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理による抵抗率のシフト量を求める方法について説明する。
本発明の方法では、窒素濃度が既知であれば、シリコン単結晶中の酸素濃度を求めれば、育成された結晶中の窒素酸素ドナー起因のキャリア濃度差分を算出することができ、さらには抵抗率シフト量を求めることができる。
しかしながら窒素ドープ結晶(ウェーハ)においては、窒素酸素ドナーの存在は知られているがその保証方法に関しては明確な決まりが無く、酸素ドナーを消去しただけで測定した抵抗率を、保証値として用いている場合もあるようである。
そこで窒素濃度が既知のシリコン結晶であれば、酸素濃度を測定するだけでデバイス後の抵抗率シフト量を試算することが可能である。
予備試験における、(相関関係を求めるためのサンプルを用意する:図2(A))、(キャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度を求める:図2(B))、(相関関係を求める:図2(C))は、図1を参照して説明した本発明のシリコン単結晶中の窒素濃度を算出する方法と同様にして行うことができる。すなわち、説明したように、例えば
Δ[n]=α[N]×[Oi]2.5~3.5+β (ここでα、βは定数)
の相関関係式を得ることができる。
(評価対象の酸素濃度、窒素濃度を求める:図2(D))
評価対象である、CZ法により育成された窒素ドープシリコン単結晶を用意し、酸素濃度、窒素濃度を求める。ここでの求め方は、予備試験と同様の方法により行うことができる。
予備試験で求めた相関関係、ここでは、上記相関関係式の
Δ[n]=α[N]×[Oi]2.5~3.5+β (ここでα、βは定数)
を用い、前工程で求めた酸素濃度[Oi]、窒素濃度[N]を代入することによって、窒素酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理を起因とするキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]を算出することができる。
(実施例1)
本発明におけるシリコン単結晶中の窒素濃度の算出方法を実施した。
まず、予備試験を行って、キャリア濃度差分、酸素濃度、窒素濃度の相関関係を求めた。
狙いの窒素濃度の水準を3×1013~12×1013/cm3と振り、また酸素濃度の水準を2.5×1017~12×1017atoms/cm3(ASTM’79)と振った種々の窒素ドープシリコン単結晶のサンプルを用意した。
CZ法では融液が充填された石英ルツボと、該ルツボを取り囲むように配置されたヒーターを有する。このルツボ中に種結晶を浸漬した後、溶融液から棒状の単結晶が引き上げられる。
ルツボは結晶成長軸方向に昇降可能であり、結晶成長中に結晶化して減少した融液の液面下降分を補うように該ルツボを上昇させる。結晶の側方にはシリコン溶融液から発する酸化性蒸気を整流するために不活性ガスが流されている。融液が入った石英ルツボはシリコンと酸素から成っているので、酸素原子がシリコン溶融液内へと溶出する。この酸素原子はシリコン溶融液内を対流等に乗って移動し、最終的には融液の表面から蒸発していく。この時ほとんどの酸素は蒸発するが、一部の酸素は結晶に取り込まれ、格子間酸素Oiとなる。
このサンプルにおいて、先ず、酸素ドナー消去熱処理として650℃で20分の熱処理を行った後に、p/n判定及び抵抗率測定を行った。抵抗率測定は四探針法を用いて行った。この抵抗率からアービンカーブを用いてキャリア濃度を算出した。また、同じサンプルを用いてFT-IR法により酸素濃度[Oi]の測定を行った。
このあたりの真偽が不明であるので、ここでは特許文献2、3、国際公開公報第2009/025337号などで記載されている窒素酸素ドナーの消去条件よりも充分に時間の長い16時間を採用し、確実に窒素酸素ドナーが消去する条件を選んだ。この熱処理後に再度抵抗率の測定を行い、キャリア濃度を算出した。
これを熱処理前のキャリア濃度と差し引きすることで、キャリア濃度差分Δ[n](/cm3)を算出した。
図3から判るように酸素濃度が一定水準であればキャリア濃度差分Δ[n](/cm3)は窒素濃度[N](/cm3)に比例することがわかる。
[N]=(Δ[n]-1.18×1012)/2.76×10-55×[Oi]3
として表された。
すなわち、前述した、[N]=(Δ[n]-β)/α[Oi]3 (ここでα、βは定数)の相関関係式において、α=2.76×10-55、β=1.18×1012であった。
窒素ドープシリコン単結晶から切り出したものを本試験の評価対象として用意した。
このサンプルを用いて、先ず650℃で20分の酸素ドナー消去の熱処理を施した後の抵抗率と、更に1000℃で16時間の窒素酸素ドナー消去の熱処理を施した後の抵抗率とを四探針法により測定し、窒素酸素ドナー起因のキャリア濃度差分を求めた。その結果、キャリア濃度差分Δ[n]=7.8×1012(/cm3)であった。
一方でFT-IR法によって求めた酸素濃度は[Oi]=8.1×1017(atoms/cm3(ASTM’79))であった。
この値は、先に本発明の方法により算出した窒素濃度の値(4.5×1013(/cm3))とほぼ一致していた。
従って、本発明を用いた窒素濃度の評価結果は妥当であったといえる。
CZ法による窒素ドープシリコン単結晶から切り出したものを評価対象として用意した。
この評価対象を用いて、先ず650℃で20分の酸素ドナー消去の熱処理を施した後の抵抗率と、更に1000℃で16時間の窒素酸素ドナー消去の熱処理を施した後の抵抗率とを四探針法により測定し、窒素酸素ドナー起因のキャリア濃度差分を求めた。その結果、キャリア濃度差分Δ[n]=15.4×1012(/cm3)であった。
一方、比較例1の評価対象の酸素濃度をFT-IR法によって測定したところ、酸素濃度は[Oi]=10.5×1017(atoms/cm3(ASTM’79))であり、実施例1より高い値であった。
窒素濃度が同じであっても、酸素濃度が異なれば、その酸素濃度の差があまり大きくなくとも、求められるキャリア濃度差分が大きく異なってしまう例といえる。
本試験の評価対象として、比較例1と同様の評価対象を用意してキャリア濃度差分や酸素濃度を測定したところ、キャリア濃度差分Δ[n]=15.4×1012(/cm3)、酸素濃度[Oi]=10.5×1017(atoms/cm3(ASTM’79))であり、実施例1と同様の相関関係式(1)から窒素濃度を算出したところ、窒素濃度[N]=4.5×1013(/cm3)が得られた。
上述のように、結晶の当該評価対象の採取位置での狙い窒素濃度は4.3×1013(/cm3)であることから、比較例1とは異なって、ほぼ一致した結果を得ることができた。
窒素ドープシリコン単結晶から切り出したものを本試験の評価対象として用意した。
このサンプルを用いて、先ず650℃で20分の酸素ドナー消去の熱処理を施した後の抵抗率と、更に1000℃で16時間の窒素酸素ドナー消去の熱処理を施した後の抵抗率とを四探針法により測定し、窒素酸素ドナー起因のキャリア濃度差分を求めた。その結果、キャリア濃度差分Δ[n]=8.3×1012(/cm3)であった。
一方でFT-IR法によって求めた酸素濃度は[Oi]=4.2×1017(atoms/cm3(ASTM’79))であった。
この値は、先に本発明の方法により算出した窒素濃度の値(3.5×1014(/cm3))とほぼ一致していた。
従って、窒素濃度が高く、酸素濃度が低い場合でも本発明の手法の妥当性が確認できた。
本発明における抵抗率シフト量の算出方法を実施した。
予備試験に関しては実施例1と同じであり、同じ相関関係式(1)が使え、これを変形したものが下記相関関係式(1)’である。
Δ[n]=2.76×10-55×[N]×[Oi]3+1.18×1012
狙い窒素濃度[N]=3.5×1013(/cm3)、酸素濃度[Oi]=10.5×1017(atoms/cm3(ASTM’79))であるP型ボロンドープウェーハを用意した。
このウェーハの酸素ドナー消去の熱処理後の抵抗率は156Ωcmであった。このウェーハにデバイス工程を模した熱シミュレーションを施した。この熱シミュレーションはデバイスを作製する際の熱履歴を模したものであり温度が750℃から1000℃、処理時間がトータルで約30時間である。最高温度が1000℃であるので窒素酸素ドナーがあれば抵抗率が変化してしまうことが推定される。
P型であるので156Ωcmに相当するキャリア濃度にキャリア濃度差分を加えた値から、熱シミュレーション後の抵抗率を計算した。その結果、抵抗率は135Ωcmに低下し、抵抗率シフト量は-21Ωcmであることが予想された。
Claims (6)
- 窒素をドープしたシリコン単結晶中の窒素濃度を算出する方法であって、
前記窒素ドープシリコン単結晶における、酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理後の抵抗率と窒素酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理後の抵抗率との差から求められるキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]と、酸素濃度[Oi]と、窒素濃度[N]との相関関係を予め求めておき、
該相関関係に基づいて、前記キャリア濃度差分Δ[n]と前記酸素濃度[Oi]とから、窒素ドープシリコン単結晶中の未知の窒素濃度[N]を算出して求めることを特徴とするシリコン単結晶中窒素濃度算出方法。 - 前記未知の窒素濃度[N]を算出するとき、前記キャリア濃度差分Δ[n]と、前記酸素濃度[Oi]とから、
[N]=(Δ[n]-β)/α[Oi]2.5~3.5 (ここでα、βは定数)
との相関関係式を用いて算出することを特徴とする請求項1に記載のシリコン単結晶中窒素濃度算出方法。 - 前記窒素ドープシリコン単結晶をチョクラルスキー法により育成したものとすることを特徴とする請求項1または請求項2に記載のシリコン単結晶中窒素濃度算出方法。
- 窒素をドープしたシリコン単結晶における抵抗率のシフト量を算出する方法であって、
前記窒素ドープシリコン単結晶における、酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理後の抵抗率と窒素酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理後の抵抗率との差から求められるキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]と、酸素濃度[Oi]と、窒素濃度[N]との相関関係を予め求めておき、
該相関関係に基づいて、前記窒素濃度[N]と前記酸素濃度[Oi]とから、窒素ドープシリコン単結晶における未知のキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]を算出し、該算出したキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]から、前記窒素酸素ドナーを消去する熱処理による抵抗率シフト量を求めることを特徴とする抵抗率シフト量算出方法。 - 前記未知のキャリア濃度差分Δ[n]を算出するとき、前記窒素濃度[N]と、前記酸素濃度[Oi]とから、
Δ[n]=α[N]×[Oi]2.5~3.5+β (ここでα、βは定数)
との相関関係式を用いて算出することを特徴とする請求項4に記載の抵抗率シフト量算出方法。 - 前記窒素ドープシリコン単結晶をチョクラルスキー法により育成したものとすることを特徴とする請求項4または請求項5に記載の抵抗率シフト量算出方法。
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| JP6268039B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-23 | 2018-01-24 | グローバルウェーハズ・ジャパン株式会社 | 検量線の作成方法、不純物濃度の測定方法、及び半導体ウェハの製造方法 |
| JP6504133B2 (ja) * | 2016-08-25 | 2019-04-24 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 抵抗率標準サンプルの製造方法及びエピタキシャルウェーハの抵抗率測定方法 |
| JP6878188B2 (ja) * | 2017-07-26 | 2021-05-26 | グローバルウェーハズ・ジャパン株式会社 | シリコンウェーハの抵抗率測定方法 |
| JP2019094224A (ja) | 2017-11-21 | 2019-06-20 | 信越半導体株式会社 | シリコン単結晶の育成方法 |
| JP6852703B2 (ja) * | 2018-03-16 | 2021-03-31 | 信越半導体株式会社 | 炭素濃度評価方法 |
| JP7115456B2 (ja) * | 2019-10-18 | 2022-08-09 | 信越半導体株式会社 | シリコン単結晶ウエーハの窒素濃度の測定方法 |
| JP6741179B1 (ja) * | 2020-02-18 | 2020-08-19 | 信越半導体株式会社 | シリコン単結晶の製造方法 |
| CN113655094B (zh) * | 2021-08-06 | 2024-01-19 | 上海新昇半导体科技有限公司 | 一种确定硅片导电类型的方法 |
| CN113721076A (zh) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-30 | 上海新昇半导体科技有限公司 | 一种硅片电阻率的测量方法 |
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