WO2013030896A1 - 冷凍サイクル装置 - Google Patents
冷凍サイクル装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013030896A1 WO2013030896A1 PCT/JP2011/004920 JP2011004920W WO2013030896A1 WO 2013030896 A1 WO2013030896 A1 WO 2013030896A1 JP 2011004920 W JP2011004920 W JP 2011004920W WO 2013030896 A1 WO2013030896 A1 WO 2013030896A1
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- Prior art keywords
- refrigerant
- refrigeration cycle
- compressor
- cycle apparatus
- pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/005—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle of the single unit type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/10—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with multi-stage compression
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B11/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines
- F25B11/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, using turbines, e.g. gas turbines as expanders
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
- F25B9/002—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant
- F25B9/008—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the refrigerant the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B1/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle
- F25B1/04—Compression machines, plants or systems with non-reversible cycle with compressor of rotary type
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
- F25B2309/06—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide
- F25B2309/061—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the refrigerant being carbon dioxide with cycle highest pressure above the supercritical pressure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/027—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means
- F25B2313/02742—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for characterised by the reversing means using two four-way valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0314—Temperature sensors near the indoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2313/00—Compression machines, plants or systems with reversible cycle not otherwise provided for
- F25B2313/031—Sensor arrangements
- F25B2313/0315—Temperature sensors near the outdoor heat exchanger
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25B2700/21—Temperatures
- F25B2700/2115—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor
- F25B2700/21152—Temperatures of a compressor or the drive means therefor at the discharge side of the compressor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus, and relates to a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which a compressor and an expander are coaxially connected to recover expansion power generated when refrigerant expands, and the expansion power is used for refrigerant compression. Is.
- JP 2009-162438 A (Summary, FIG. 1 etc.)
- Patent Document 1 when the density ratio in the actual operation state is smaller than the design volume ratio, it is possible to adjust to the best high pressure side pressure by flowing the refrigerant through the bypass flow path that bypasses the expander.
- the configuration and the control method are described, the refrigerant flowing through the bypass valve undergoes an isenthalpy change due to throttle loss. Then, there has been a problem that the effect of increasing the refrigeration effect obtained by changing the isentropy while collecting the expansion energy with the expander is reduced.
- Patent Document 2 an attempt is made to solve the above problem by not bypassing the expander.
- a bypass valve is provided at the inlet of the sub compressor, the pressure at the sub compressor inlet is reduced due to pressure loss.
- Patent Document 2 does not describe how the specifications of the expander, sub-compressor, and main compressor can be set to achieve high performance over the entire operating range of the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. Even when it is difficult to adjust to the best high-pressure side pressure due to the restriction of a constant density ratio, the power recovery is highly efficient in a wide operation range.
- the purpose of this is to provide a refrigeration cycle apparatus that can perform a highly efficient operation.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus includes a main compressor that compresses a refrigerant from a low pressure to a high pressure, a radiator that dissipates heat of the refrigerant discharged from the main compressor, and the refrigerant that has passed through the radiator.
- One end is connected to an expander that decompresses, an evaporator that evaporates the refrigerant that has flowed out of the expander, and a suction pipe that connects the evaporator and the suction side of the main compressor, and the other end is connected to the main A sub-compression path connected in the middle of the compression process of the compressor, and a part of the low-pressure refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator to an intermediate pressure provided in the sub-compression path, and compressed by the main compressor A sub-compressor that injects in the middle of the process, a drive shaft that connects the expander and the sub-compressor, and that transmits power generated when the refrigerant is decompressed by the expander to the sub-compressor;
- the refrigeration cycle equipment Under the condition that the operation efficiency is maximum within the settable operation range of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, DE is the density of the refrigerant flowing out of the radiator, DC is the density of the refrigerant flowing out of the evaporator,
- FIG. 6 is a Ph diagram showing the transition of the refrigerant during the cooling operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a Ph diagram illustrating the transition of refrigerant during heating operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- It is a flowchart which shows the flow of the control processing which the control apparatus of the refrigerating-cycle apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention performs.
- FIG. 6 is a Ph diagram showing the transition of the refrigerant when the pre-expansion valve is closed during the cooling operation performed by the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a Ph diagram illustrating the transition of refrigerant when the intermediate pressure bypass valve is opened during cooling operation performed by the refrigeration cycle apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention. It is a Ph diagram showing a part of the transition of carbon dioxide refrigerant.
- FIG. 13 is reflected in the relationship between the design volume ratio and the COP improvement rate under the cooling condition shown in FIGS. It is a characteristic view which shows the relationship between the design volume ratio in heating conditions by the difference in the injection port position of the main compressor which concerns on embodiment of this invention, and an intermediate pressure.
- FIG. 15 is reflected in the relationship between the design volume ratio and the COP improvement rate under the heating conditions shown in FIGS.
- FIG. 1 is a refrigerant circuit diagram of a refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic longitudinal sectional view showing a sectional configuration of the main compressor 1 mounted on the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- FIG. 3 is a Ph diagram showing the transition of the refrigerant during the cooling operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- FIG. 4 is a Ph diagram showing the transition of the refrigerant during the heating operation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing a flow of control processing performed by the control device 83 of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- FIG. 6 is an operation explanatory diagram showing cooperative control of the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the pre-expansion valve 6 of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 includes at least the main compressor 1, the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the expander 7, the indoor heat exchanger 21, and the sub compressor 2.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 includes a first four-way valve 3 that is a refrigerant flow switching device, a second four-way valve 5 that is a refrigerant flow switching device, a pre-expansion valve 6, an accumulator 8, an intermediate pressure bypass valve 9, a check valve. It has a valve 10.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 includes a control device 83 that regulates overall control of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- the main compressor 1 includes a motor 102, and the motor 102 is connected to a compression unit via a shaft 103 that is a drive shaft. That is, the main compressor 1 compresses the sucked refrigerant by the driving force of the motor 102 to bring it into a high temperature / high pressure state.
- the main compressor 1 may be composed of, for example, an inverter compressor capable of capacity control. The details of the main compressor 1 will be described later with reference to FIG.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 4 functions as a radiator in which the internal refrigerant dissipates heat during the cooling operation and as an evaporator in which the internal refrigerant evaporates during the heating operation.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 4 performs heat exchange between, for example, air supplied from a blower (not shown) and a refrigerant.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 4 includes, for example, a heat transfer tube that allows the refrigerant to pass therethrough and fins for increasing the heat transfer area between the refrigerant flowing through the heat transfer tube and the outside air, and between the refrigerant and air (outside air). And is configured to perform heat exchange.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 4 functions as an evaporator during heating operation, and evaporates the refrigerant to gas (gas). In some cases, the outdoor heat exchanger 4 does not completely gasify or vaporize the refrigerant, but may be in a state of two-phase mixing of liquid and gas (gas-liquid two-phase refrigerant). On the other hand, the outdoor heat exchanger 4 functions as a radiator during cooling operation.
- the heat exchanger used for a heat dissipation process may be called a condenser, a gas cooler, etc.
- the heat exchanger used in the heat dissipation process is referred to as a “heat radiator”.
- the indoor heat exchanger 21 functions as an evaporator that evaporates the internal refrigerant during the cooling operation, and functions as a radiator that dissipates heat during the heating operation.
- the indoor heat exchanger 21 performs heat exchange between air and a refrigerant supplied from a blower (not shown), for example.
- the indoor heat exchanger 21 has, for example, a heat transfer tube that allows the refrigerant to pass therethrough and fins for increasing the heat transfer area between the refrigerant flowing through the heat transfer tube and the air, and exchanging heat between the refrigerant and the indoor air. It is comprised so that it may perform.
- the indoor heat exchanger 21 functions as an evaporator during the cooling operation, and evaporates the refrigerant to gas (gas).
- the indoor heat exchanger 21 functions as a radiator during heating operation.
- the expander 7 depressurizes the refrigerant passing through the inside.
- the power generated when the refrigerant is depressurized is transmitted to the sub compressor 2 via the drive shaft 43.
- the sub compressor 2 is connected to the expander 7 by a drive shaft 43 and is driven by power generated when the refrigerant is decompressed by the expander 7 to compress the refrigerant.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is provided with a sub-compression path 31 that connects the suction pipe 32 of the main compressor 1 and the middle of the compression process of the main compressor 1. It is provided in the sub compression path 31. That is, the sub-compressor 2 has a suction side connected in parallel with the main compressor 1 and a discharge side connected to the compression process of the main compressor 1.
- the expander 7 and the sub-compressor 2 are of a positive displacement type and take a scroll type, for example.
- the first four-way valve 3 is provided in the discharge pipe 35 of the main compressor 1 and has a function of switching the direction of refrigerant flow according to the operation mode.
- the first four-way valve 3 is switched to connect the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and the main compressor 1, the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the accumulator 8, or the indoor heat exchanger 21, the main compressor 1, and the outdoor heat exchanger. 4 and the accumulator 8 are connected. That is, the first four-way valve 3 performs switching corresponding to the operation mode related to air conditioning based on an instruction from the control device 83 to switch the refrigerant flow path.
- the second four-way valve 5 connects the expander 7 to the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and the indoor heat exchanger 21 depending on the operation mode.
- the second four-way valve 5 is switched to connect the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and the pre-expansion valve 6, the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the expander 7, or the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the pre-expansion valve 6, outdoor heat exchange.
- the container 4 and the expander 7 are connected. That is, the second four-way valve 5 performs switching corresponding to the operation mode related to air conditioning based on an instruction from the control device 83 to switch the refrigerant flow path.
- the first four-way valve 3 is switched so that the refrigerant flows from the main compressor 1 to the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and the refrigerant flows from the indoor heat exchanger 21 to the accumulator 8, and the second four-way valve 5 is The refrigerant is switched so that the refrigerant flows from the outdoor heat exchanger 4 to the indoor heat exchanger 21 through the pre-expansion valve 6 and the expander 7.
- the first four-way valve 3 is switched so that the refrigerant flows from the main compressor 1 to the indoor heat exchanger 21 and the refrigerant flows from the outdoor heat exchanger 4 to the accumulator 8.
- the pre-expansion valve 6 is provided on the upstream side of the expander 7, and expands the refrigerant by depressurizing it.
- the pre-expansion valve 6 may be configured by a valve whose opening degree can be variably controlled, such as an electronic expansion valve.
- the pre-expansion valve 6 is a refrigerant in the refrigerant flow path 34 (that is, the radiator (the outdoor heat exchanger 4 or the indoor heat exchanger 21) between the second four-way valve 5 and the inlet of the expander 7. It is provided between the outflow side and the refrigerant inflow side of the expander 7), and adjusts the pressure of the refrigerant flowing into the expander 7.
- the accumulator 8 is provided on the suction side of the main compressor 1, and stores the liquid refrigerant to store the main refrigerant when an abnormality occurs in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 or when there is a transient response in the operation state when the operation control is changed. It has a function to prevent liquid back to the machine 1. That is, the accumulator 8 stores excessive refrigerant in the refrigerant circuit of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100, or a large amount of refrigerant liquid returns to the main compressor 1 and the sub compressor 2 to damage the main compressor 1. There is a function to prevent.
- the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 branches from a sub-compression path 31 between the sub-compressor 2 and the main compressor 1, is provided in a bypass path 33 that reaches the suction pipe 32 of the main compressor 1, and flows through the bypass path 33. The flow rate is adjusted.
- the other end of the bypass path 33 (the end opposite to the connection end of the sub compression path 31) is connected between the position where the sub compression path 31 branches from the suction pipe 32 and the main compressor 1. . That is, the bypass path 33 connects the discharge pipe of the sub compressor 2 (the sub compression path 31 between the sub compressor 2 and the main compressor 1) and the suction pipe 32 of the main compressor.
- the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 may be constituted by a valve whose opening degree can be variably controlled, for example, an electronic expansion valve. By adjusting the opening of the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9, the intermediate pressure that is the discharge pressure of the sub compressor 2 can be adjusted.
- the check valve 10 is provided in the sub-compression path 31 of the sub-compressor 2, and the direction of the refrigerant flowing into the main compressor 1 flows in one direction (direction from the sub-compressor 2 toward the main compressor 1). It is something to prepare. By providing the check valve 10, it is possible to prevent the refrigerant from flowing backward when the discharge pressure of the sub-compressor 2 becomes lower than the pressure of the compression chamber 108 of the main compressor 1.
- the control device 83 controls the drive frequency of the main compressor 1, the rotational speed of a blower (not shown) provided near the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and the indoor heat exchanger 21, switching of the first four-way valve 3, and the second four-way valve 5. The switching, the opening degree of the pre-expansion valve 6, the opening degree of the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the like are controlled.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 uses carbon dioxide as a refrigerant.
- Carbon dioxide has the characteristics that the ozone layer depletion coefficient is zero and the global warming coefficient is small as compared with conventional fluorocarbon refrigerants.
- the refrigerant used in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment is not limited to carbon dioxide.
- the main compressor 1, the sub compressor 2, the first four-way valve 3, the second four-way valve 5, the outdoor heat exchanger 4, the pre-expansion valve 6, the expander 7, the accumulator 8, and the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the check valve 10 are accommodated in the outdoor unit 81.
- the control device 83 is also accommodated in the outdoor unit 81.
- the indoor heat exchanger 21 is accommodated in the indoor unit 82.
- FIG. 1 an example is shown in which one indoor unit 82 (indoor heat exchanger 21) is connected to one outdoor unit 81 (outdoor heat exchanger 4) through a liquid pipe 36 and a gas pipe 37.
- the number of connected outdoor units 81 and indoor units 82 is not particularly limited.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is provided with temperature sensors (temperature sensor 51, temperature sensor 52, temperature sensor 53). The temperature information detected by these temperature sensors is sent to the control device 83 and used to control the components of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- the temperature sensor 51 is provided in the discharge pipe 35 of the main compressor 1 and detects the discharge temperature of the main compressor 1 (that is, the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the main compressor 1). It is good to comprise.
- the temperature sensor 52 is provided in the vicinity (for example, the outer surface) of the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and detects the temperature of the air flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and may be configured of, for example, a thermistor.
- the temperature sensor 53 is provided in the vicinity (for example, the outer surface) of the indoor heat exchanger 21, and detects the temperature of the air flowing into the indoor heat exchanger 21, and may be configured with, for example, a thermistor.
- the installation positions of the temperature sensor 51, the temperature sensor 52, and the temperature sensor 53 are not limited to the positions shown in FIG.
- the temperature sensor 51 may be installed at a position where the temperature of the refrigerant discharged from the main compressor 1 can be detected, and the temperature sensor 52 can detect the temperature of the air around the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
- the temperature sensor 53 may be installed at a position where the temperature of the air around the indoor heat exchanger 21 can be detected.
- the main compressor 1 is attached to the tip of a motor 102 that is a drive source, a shaft 103 that is a drive shaft that is rotationally driven by the motor 102, and a shaft 103 inside a shell 101 that constitutes the outline of the main compressor 1.
- the swing scroll 104 that is rotationally driven together with the shaft 103, the fixed scroll 105 that is disposed above the swing scroll 104 and that forms a spiral body that meshes with the spiral body of the swing scroll 104, and the like are housed and configured. Yes.
- the shell 101 is connected to an inflow pipe 106 connected to the suction pipe 32, an outflow pipe 112 connected to the discharge pipe 35, and an injection pipe 114 connected to the sub compression path 31.
- a low-pressure space 107 that is in communication with the inflow pipe 106 is formed inside the shell 101 and on the outermost peripheral portion of the spiral body of the swing scroll 104 and the fixed scroll 105.
- a high-pressure space 111 that is electrically connected to the outflow pipe 112 is formed in the upper part of the shell 101.
- a plurality of compression chambers whose volumes change relatively are formed (for example, the compression chamber 108 and the compression chamber 109 shown in FIG. 1).
- a compression chamber 109 is a compression chamber formed at a substantially central portion of the swing scroll 104 and the fixed scroll 105.
- a compression chamber 108 is a compression chamber formed in the middle of the compression process outside the compression chamber 109.
- An outflow port 110 that connects the compression chamber 109 and the high-pressure space 111 is provided at a substantially central portion of the fixed scroll 105.
- An injection port 113 is provided in the middle of the compression process of the fixed scroll 105 to connect the compression chamber 108 and the injection pipe 114.
- an Oldham ring (not shown) for preventing the rotational movement of the orbiting scroll 104 during the eccentric orbiting movement is disposed. The Oldham ring functions to prevent the swinging movement of the swing scroll 104 and to enable a revolving motion.
- the fixed scroll 105 is fixed in the shell 101. Further, the orbiting scroll 104 revolves without rotating with respect to the fixed scroll 105.
- the motor 102 includes at least a stator fixedly held inside the shell 101 and a rotor that is rotatably disposed on the inner peripheral surface side of the stator and is fixed to the shaft 103.
- the stator has a function of rotating the rotor when energized.
- the rotor has a function of rotating and driving the shaft 103 by energizing the stator.
- the operation of the main compressor 1 will be briefly described.
- the motor 102 When the motor 102 is energized, torque is generated between the stator and the rotor constituting the motor 102, and the shaft 103 rotates.
- a swing scroll 104 is attached to the tip of the shaft 103, and the swing scroll 104 performs a revolving motion.
- the compression chamber moves toward the center while decreasing the volume, and the refrigerant is compressed.
- the refrigerant compressed and discharged by the sub compressor 2 passes through the sub compression path 31 and the check valve 10. Thereafter, the refrigerant flows into the main compressor 1 from the injection pipe 114.
- the refrigerant passing through the suction pipe 32 flows into the main compressor 1 from the inflow pipe 106.
- the refrigerant flowing in from the inflow pipe 106 flows into the low-pressure space 107, is confined in the compression chamber, and is gradually compressed.
- the compression chamber reaches the compression chamber 108 which is an intermediate position in the compression process, the refrigerant flows into the compression chamber 108 from the injection port 113.
- the refrigerant flowing in from the injection pipe 114 and the refrigerant flowing in from the inflow pipe 106 are mixed in the compression chamber 108. Thereafter, the mixed refrigerant is gradually compressed and reaches the compression chamber 109.
- the refrigerant that has reached the compression chamber 109 passes through the outflow port 110 and the high-pressure space 111 and is then discharged out of the shell 101 through the outflow pipe 112, thereby conducting the discharge pipe 35.
- the low-pressure refrigerant sucked into the main compressor 1 and the sub compressor 2 is sucked.
- the low-pressure refrigerant sucked into the sub-compressor 2 is compressed by the sub-compressor 2 and becomes a medium-pressure refrigerant (from state A to state B).
- the medium-pressure refrigerant compressed by the sub compressor 2 is discharged from the sub compressor 2 and introduced into the main compressor 1 through the sub compression path 31 and the injection pipe 114.
- the medium-pressure refrigerant is mixed with the refrigerant sucked into the main compressor 1 and further compressed by the main compressor 1 to become a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant (from state B to state C).
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the main compressor 1 is discharged from the main compressor 1, passes through the first four-way valve 3, and flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
- the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor heat exchanger 4 dissipates heat by exchanging heat with the outdoor air supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 4, and transfers heat to the outdoor air to become a low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant (state C To state D).
- This low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, passes through the second four-way valve 5, and passes through the pre-expansion valve 6.
- the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is decompressed when passing through the pre-expansion valve 6 (from state D to state E).
- the refrigerant decompressed by the pre-expansion valve 6 is sucked into the expander 7.
- the refrigerant sucked into the expander 7 is depressurized and becomes a low temperature, and becomes a refrigerant having a low dryness (from the state E to the state F).
- the expander 7 generates power as the refrigerant is depressurized.
- This motive power is recovered by the drive shaft 43 and transmitted to the sub-compressor 2 to be used for refrigerant compression by the sub-compressor 2.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the expander 7 is discharged from the expander 7, passes through the second four-way valve 5, and then flows out of the outdoor unit 81.
- the refrigerant flowing out of the outdoor unit 81 flows through the liquid pipe 36 and flows into the indoor unit 82.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor unit 82 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 21, absorbs heat from the indoor air supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 21, evaporates, and becomes a refrigerant in a state of high dryness with low pressure ( State F to state G). Thereby, the indoor air is cooled.
- This refrigerant flows out of the indoor heat exchanger 21, further flows out of the indoor unit 82, flows through the gas pipe 37, and flows into the outdoor unit 81.
- the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor unit 81 passes through the first four-way valve 3, flows into the accumulator 8, and is then sucked into the main compressor 1 and the sub compressor 2 again.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 repeats the above-described operation, whereby the heat of the indoor air is transmitted to the outdoor air to cool the room.
- the low-pressure refrigerant sucked into the main compressor 1 and the sub compressor 2 is sucked.
- the low-pressure refrigerant sucked into the sub-compressor 2 is compressed by the sub-compressor 2 and becomes a medium-pressure refrigerant (from state A to state B).
- the medium-pressure refrigerant compressed by the sub compressor 2 is discharged from the sub compressor 2 and introduced into the main compressor 1 through the sub compression path 31 and the injection pipe 114.
- the medium-pressure refrigerant is mixed with the refrigerant sucked into the main compressor 1 and further compressed by the main compressor 1 to become a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant (from state B to state G).
- the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the main compressor 1 is discharged from the main compressor 1, passes through the first four-way valve 3, and flows out from the outdoor unit 81.
- the refrigerant that has flowed out of the outdoor unit 81 flows through the gas pipe 37 and flows into the indoor unit 82.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the indoor unit 82 flows into the indoor heat exchanger 21, dissipates heat by exchanging heat with the indoor air supplied to the indoor heat exchanger 21, transfers heat to the indoor air, and low temperature and high pressure. (From state G to state F). Thereby, indoor air will be heated.
- the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant flows out of the indoor heat exchanger 21, further flows out of the indoor unit 82, flows through the liquid pipe 36, and flows into the outdoor unit 81.
- the refrigerant flowing into the outdoor unit 81 passes through the second four-way valve 5 and passes through the pre-expansion valve 6.
- the low-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is decompressed when passing through the pre-expansion valve 6 (from state F to state E).
- the refrigerant decompressed by the pre-expansion valve 6 is sucked into the expander 7.
- the refrigerant sucked into the expander 7 is depressurized and becomes a low temperature, and becomes a refrigerant having a low dryness (from the state E to the state D).
- power is generated as the refrigerant is depressurized.
- This motive power is recovered by the drive shaft 43 and transmitted to the sub-compressor 2 to be used for refrigerant compression by the sub-compressor 2.
- the refrigerant decompressed by the expander 7 is discharged from the expander 7, passes through the second four-way valve 5, and then flows into the outdoor heat exchanger 4.
- the refrigerant that has flowed into the outdoor heat exchanger 4 absorbs heat from the outdoor air supplied to the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and evaporates, and becomes a refrigerant having a high degree of dryness while maintaining a low pressure (from state D to state C).
- the refrigerant flows out of the outdoor heat exchanger 4, passes through the first four-way valve 3, flows into the accumulator 8, and is then sucked into the main compressor 1 and the sub compressor 2 again.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 repeats the above-described operation, whereby the heat of the outdoor air is transmitted to the indoor air and the room is heated.
- the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 is operated in the closing direction to increase the intermediate pressure and increase the necessary compression power of the sub compressor 2. Then, since the rotation speed of the expander 7 tends to decrease, the refrigeration cycle tends to balance in the direction in which the inlet density of the expander 7 increases.
- FIG. 7 is a Ph diagram showing the transition of the refrigerant when the pre-expansion valve 6 is closed during the cooling operation performed by the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is controlled to close the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 or the pre-expansion valve 6 to thereby increase the pressure.
- the refrigeration cycle is balanced in the direction of increasing the side pressure. For this reason, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100, since the high-pressure side pressure can be increased and adjusted to a desired pressure, and there is no refrigerant that bypasses the expander 7, an efficient operation is realized.
- the high-pressure side pressure means the pressure from the outlet of the main compressor 1 to the pre-expansion valve 6, and is arbitrary as long as the pressure is at this position.
- the pre-expansion valve 6 is operated in the opening direction so that the refrigerant flowing into the expander 7 is not expanded, and the refrigerant density is increased. Then, the refrigeration cycle tends to balance in a direction in which the inlet density of the expander 7 decreases.
- FIG. 8 is a Ph diagram illustrating the transition of the refrigerant when the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 is opened during the cooling operation performed by the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100.
- the sub-compressor 2 compresses the refrigerant flowing out of the accumulator 8 to an intermediate pressure (from state G to state B). A part of the refrigerant discharged from the sub compressor 2 is injected into the main compressor 1 through the check valve 10. Further, the remaining refrigerant discharged from the sub compressor 2 passes through the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and merges with the refrigerant flowing through the suction pipe 32 of the main compressor 1 (state A2). The refrigerant in the state A2 sucked into the main compressor 1 is mixed with the refrigerant compressed to the intermediate pressure and injected, and further compressed (state C2).
- the intermediate pressure is reduced, the required compression power of the sub-compressor 2 is decreased, and the rotational speed of the expander 7 is increased, so that the refrigeration cycle tries to balance the direction in which the inlet density of the expander 7 decreases. To do.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is controlled to open the pre-expansion valve 6 or open the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 to increase the pressure.
- the refrigeration cycle is balanced in the direction of decreasing the side pressure. For this reason, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100, the high-pressure side pressure can be reduced and adjusted to a desired pressure, and since there is no refrigerant that bypasses the expander 7, an efficient operation is realized.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 uses the correlation between the high-pressure side pressure and the discharge temperature, and does not depend on the high-pressure side pressure, which requires a high-cost sensor to measure, but with a discharge temperature that can be measured relatively inexpensively. Control of the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the pre-expansion valve 6 is executed.
- the optimum high-pressure side pressure is not always constant. Therefore, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100, data such as the outside air temperature detected by the temperature sensor 52 and the indoor temperature detected by the temperature sensor 53 are stored in advance in a storage means such as a ROM mounted on the control device 83 as a table. Yes. And the control apparatus 83 determines target discharge temperature from the data memorize
- the controller 83 When the discharge temperature is lower than the target discharge temperature (step 203; Yes), since the high pressure side pressure tends to be lower than the optimum high pressure side pressure, the controller 83 first determines that the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 is fully closed. It is determined whether or not (step 204). When the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 is fully closed (step 204; yes), the control device 83 operates the pre-expansion valve 6 in the closing direction (step 205) to depressurize the refrigerant flowing into the expander 7. The refrigerant density is decreased, and the high-pressure side pressure and the discharge temperature are increased.
- the control device 83 operates the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 in the closing direction (step 206) to increase the intermediate pressure and perform sub compression.
- the required compression power of the machine 2 is increased, and the high pressure side pressure and the discharge temperature are increased.
- step 203 when the discharge temperature is higher than the target discharge temperature (step 203; No), the high pressure side pressure tends to be higher than the optimum pressure, and therefore the controller 83 first opens the pre-expansion valve 6 fully. It is determined whether or not (step 207). When the pre-expansion valve 6 is fully open (step 207; yes), the control device 83 operates the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 in the opening direction (step 208) to reduce the intermediate pressure and reduce the sub compressor 2's operation. The required compression power is reduced, and the high-pressure side pressure and the discharge temperature are reduced.
- control device 83 When the pre-expansion valve 6 is not fully opened (step 207; No), the control device 83 operates the pre-expansion valve 6 in the opening direction (step 209) so as not to depressurize the refrigerant flowing into the expander 7. By doing so, the high-pressure side pressure and the discharge temperature are lowered.
- step 201 the process returns to step 201 and thereafter repeats from step 201 to step 209.
- control in which the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the pre-expansion valve 6 are linked as shown in FIG. 6 is realized.
- the control device 83 operates the pre-expansion valve 6 when the high-pressure side pressure is low and the opening degree of the intermediate pressure bypass valve is the minimum opening degree, and the opening degree of the pre-expansion valve 6 is high because the high-pressure side pressure is high.
- the high pressure side pressure is adjusted by operating the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9.
- the horizontal axis indicates the high-pressure side pressure
- the vertical axis indicates the opening degree of the pre-expansion valve 6
- the vertical axis indicates the opening degree of the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9.
- 10 to 12 are characteristic diagrams showing the relationship between the design volume ratio and the operation efficiency in an example of the main compressor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- 10 to 12 show the operating efficiency as the COP improvement rate, and (A) shows the correlation between the design volume ratio and the COP improvement rate.
- This COP improvement rate is based on the COP of the refrigeration cycle apparatus that uses the expansion valve and configures the refrigerant circuit shown in FIG. 1 without using the expander 7 and the sub-compressor 2.
- 10B to 12B the position of the injection port 113 is shown in a cross-sectional view of the compression unit (the swing scroll 104 and the fixed scroll 105) of the main compressor 1.
- FIG. FIG. 10 shows the main compressor 1 in which the position of the injection port is fast, FIG.
- FIG. 11 shows the main compressor 1 in which the position of the injection port is intermediate
- FIG. 12 shows the main compression in which the position of the injection port is slow.
- the machine 1 is shown.
- the positions of the injection port 113 are “fast”, “intermediate”, and “slow” are “faster” as the rotation angle until the injection port 113 opens in the compression chamber 108 is smaller, and “slower” as it is larger. It means that.
- the design volume ratio (VC / VE) is a place where the above equation (2) is established at a desired high-pressure side pressure.
- the high-pressure side pressure deviates from a desired range due to the constant density ratio constraint, as shown by the white arrows in FIGS. 10 to 12, the refrigerant is expanded by the pre-expansion valve 6, the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the bypass path.
- the high-pressure side pressure is controlled within a desired pressure range, and the operation efficiency of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 is maintained at a high efficiency.
- the decrease in the COP improvement rate when the design volume ratio (VC / VD) is increased in both the cooling operation and the heating operation is the design volume ratio (VC / VD). It can be seen that this is larger than the decrease in the COP improvement rate when the value is reduced. Therefore, in order to increase the COP improvement rate in both the cooling operation and the heating operation, the design volume ratio (VC / VE) is set to be smaller by a predetermined value than the value when the COP improvement rate is maximized. I understand that I should do it.
- the operating condition that maximizes the COP improvement rate is the same design volume ratio (VC / VE) in the cooling operation and the heating operation, so that the ambient temperature of the radiator is the lowest including the cooling operation and the heating operation, and This is the condition where the ambient temperature of the evaporator is the highest.
- the design volume ratio (VC / VE) of the sub-compressor 2 and the expander 7 is set smaller by a predetermined value than the design volume ratio (VC / VE) under the operating condition in which the COP improvement rate is maximized. Just do it.
- the flow dividing ratio W can be expressed as the following equation (5).
- W (hE ⁇ hF) / (hB ⁇ hA) (5)
- the design volume ratio (VC / VE) of the subcompressor 2 and the expander 7 can be expressed as the following formula (6) from the above formulas (3) and (5).
- VC / VE (DE / DC) ⁇ (hE ⁇ hF) / (hB ⁇ hA) (6) That is, (DE / DC) ⁇ (hE ⁇ hF) / (hB ⁇ hA) under the operating condition that maximizes the COP improvement rate is obtained, and the design volume ratio (VC) of the sub compressor 2 and the expander 7 is calculated from this value.
- the design volume ratio (VC / VE) of the sub compressor 2 and the expander 7 may be set so that / VE) is reduced by a predetermined value.
- the design volume ratio (VC / VE) at which the COP improvement rate is maximized differs depending on the position of the injection port 113. More specifically, the slower the position of the injection port 113, the smaller the design volume ratio (VC / VE) that maximizes the COP improvement rate. Further, the intermediate pressure that is in the middle of the compression process of the main compressor 1 also changes depending on the position of the injection port 113. For this reason, it is possible to operate the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 with higher efficiency by setting the design volume ratio (VC / VE) of the sub compressor 2 and the expander 7 in consideration of the position of the injection port 113. Become.
- FIG. 13 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the design volume ratio and the intermediate pressure under the cooling condition due to the difference in the injection port position of the main compressor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 13 shows the intermediate pressure and the high pressure with the low pressure as the reference “1”.
- the intermediate pressure is the pressure in the compression chamber 108 after the refrigerant is injected into the compression chamber 108 of the main compressor 1 from the sub compressor 2 and the path between the compression chamber 108 and the injection port 113 is closed.
- FIG. 13 shows three upwardly rising curves corresponding to the main compressor 1 shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, “fast”, “middle”, and “slow”.
- FIG. 13 shows a downward-sloping curve. This is the discharge pressure when the refrigerant of the diversion ratio W determined by the design volume ratio (VC / VE) is discharged from the sub compressor 2.
- the upward curve and the downward right curve The area defined by the curve is the intermediate pressure at which operation is possible. For example, taking the curve of the intermediate pressure after closure shown in FIG.
- FIG. 13 as an example, if the design volume ratio (VC / VE) is set to 1 from the intersection with the upward curve of “slow”, FIG.
- the intermediate pressure after closing of the main compressor 1 shown is about 2.2.
- the broken line in FIG. 13 shows the geometric mean of high pressure and low pressure.
- the intermediate pressure when the position of the injection port is “intermediate” was made to roughly match the geometric mean of the high pressure and the low pressure.
- Equation (4) is shown on the assumption that the recovery power in the expander 7 and the compression power in the sub compressor 2 are approximately equal.
- the outlet ratio enthalpy hB shown in the equation (4) is not the outlet ratio enthalpy of the sub-compressor 2 but is in the middle of the compression process of the main compressor 1 (that is, injected from the sub-compressor 2).
- the specific enthalpy at the position Therefore, if the outlet specific enthalpy of the sub-compressor 2 is hB ′, (hB ⁇ hA) in the equation (4) becomes the following equation (7).
- hB ⁇ hA hB′ ⁇ hA + ⁇ ⁇ hB′ ⁇ hA (7)
- the difference in enthalpy from the inlet of the main compressor 1 to the middle of the compression process is larger than the difference in enthalpy from the inlet to the outlet of the sub compressor 2, which is mainly caused by the refrigerant discharged from the sub compressor 2.
- This is the required power for injection into the compressor 1 (the part corresponding to ⁇ ). That is, strictly speaking, the “recovered power in the expander 7” is not balanced with the “compressed power in the sub-compressor 2”, but the “compressed power in the sub-compressor 2 and the main power of the sub-compressor 2”.
- the “sum of the work flowing into the compressor 1” is balanced. For this reason, if the intermediate pressure after closing is too large, the inflow work of the sub compressor 2 into the main compressor 1 increases, and the sub compressor 2 cannot be injected into the main compressor 1.
- FIG. 14 reflects the result of FIG. 13 on the relationship between the design volume ratio and the COP improvement rate under the cooling conditions shown in FIGS.
- the three upwardly convex curves shown by bold lines in FIG. 14 are the COP improvement rates in the case of “slow”, “middle”, and “fast” from the left.
- the broken line is the envelope of the vertices of these curves. This envelope is also a curve having a maximum value (upwardly convex curve).
- FIG. 14 shows that the COP improvement rate decreases as the position of the injection port 113 moves from “intermediate” to “slow”.
- the injection flow rate increases as the position of the injection port 113 moves from “intermediate” to “slow” side, and the required power for injecting the refrigerant into the main compressor 1 due to pressure loss (part corresponding to ⁇ ) ) Becomes larger.
- the COP improvement rate decreases as the position of the injection port 113 moves toward the “earlier” side than “intermediate”. This is because it becomes difficult to inject refrigerant from the sub-compressor 2 to the main compressor 1 due to the formation position of the injection port 113 as the position of the injection port 113 moves toward the “faster” side than “intermediate”. It is. Since the required power (portion corresponding to ⁇ ) has a large uncertain factor, it is preferable to determine the position of the injection port 113 from the “middle” to the “faster” side.
- FIG. 15 is a characteristic diagram showing the relationship between the design volume ratio and the intermediate pressure under heating conditions due to the difference in the injection port position of the main compressor according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 15 reflects the result of FIG. 15 on the relationship between the design volume ratio and the COP improvement rate under the heating conditions shown in FIG. Also in the heating condition, it can be seen that the COP improvement rate decreases as the position of the injection port 113 moves from the “middle” to the “slow” side, similarly to the cooling condition.
- the position of the injection port 113 and the design volume ratio are set so that the required power for injection into the main compressor 1 does not become too large, that is, the intermediate pressure after closing does not become too large.
- (VC / VE) is determined. Specifically, within a settable operating range, a maximum value of COP improvement rate is the geometrical average value of the high pressure (discharge pressure of the main compressor 1) and the low pressure (suction pressure of the main compressor 1) or less. Thus, the intermediate pressure (more specifically, the intermediate pressure after closing) is set. Then, the position of the injection port 113 and the design volume ratio (VC / VE) are determined so as to achieve this intermediate pressure.
- the cycle apparatus 100 can be operated.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus can be operated with high efficiency when the medium pressure is set below the geometric mean value of the high pressure and the low pressure. For this reason, it is less than the geometric mean value of the high pressure (the discharge pressure of the main compressor 1) and the low pressure (the suction pressure of the main compressor 1) under the operating conditions in which the COP improvement rate is maximum within the settable operating range.
- the intermediate pressure more specifically, the intermediate pressure after closing
- the operating range of the refrigeration cycle apparatus is set when the design volume ratio (VC / VE) is set between 1 and 2.5. High COP can be realized.
- the design volume ratio (VC / VE) of the sub-compressor 2 and the expander 7 is reduced so that the design volume ratio (VC / VE) of the sub-compressor 2 and the expander 7 is smaller than this value by a predetermined value. Is set. For this reason, even when it is difficult to adjust to the best high-pressure side pressure due to a constant density ratio constraint, power recovery can be performed with high efficiency in a wide operating range, and the operating efficiency of the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 can be improved. Can be maintained.
- the required power for injection into the main compressor 1 is not excessively increased, that is, the intermediate pressure after being closed is not excessively increased.
- the position of the injection port 113 and the design volume ratio (VC / VE) are determined. Specifically, within a settable operating range, a maximum value of COP improvement rate is the geometrical average value of the high pressure (discharge pressure of the main compressor 1) and the low pressure (suction pressure of the main compressor 1) or less.
- the intermediate pressure (more specifically, the intermediate pressure after closing) is set.
- the position of the injection port 113 and the design volume ratio (VC / VE) are determined so as to achieve this intermediate pressure. For this reason, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 can be operated with higher efficiency.
- the design volume ratio (VC / VE) is set between 1 and 2.5, so that the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 can be operated with higher efficiency. Can do.
- the power recovery is performed without adjusting the desired high pressure side pressure by opening the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the pre-expansion valve 6 and bypassing the expander 7. Is surely done. For this reason, the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 can be operated with higher efficiency.
- the rotation speed of the expander 7 is low, which is a concern when the amount of bypassing the expander 7 is large, the lubrication state deteriorates at the sliding portion, the expansion further It is also possible to reduce phenomena that lead to a decrease in reliability such as oil depletion in the compressor due to oil stagnating in the path of the expander 7 and refrigerant stagnation activation at the time of restart.
- the expander bypass valve is unnecessary, there is no throttling loss that occurs when the refrigerant is expanded by the expander bypass valve. Can be reduced.
- the sub-compressor 2 even when the sub-compressor 2 can hardly compress the refrigerant, a part of the circulating refrigerant is caused to flow into the sub-compressor 2. Yes. For this reason, in the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100, the sub-compressor 2 does not deteriorate the performance due to the refrigerant flow resistance of the refrigerant even when compared with the case where the entire amount of the circulating refrigerant is introduced.
- the case where the sub-compressor 2 can hardly compress the refrigerant means that the difference between the high-pressure side pressure and the low-pressure side pressure is small, such as a cooling operation with a low outside air temperature or a heating operation with a low indoor temperature. This is a case where the recovery power is extremely small.
- the compression function is divided into a main compressor 1 having a drive source and a sub-compressor 2 driven by the power of the expander 7. . Therefore, according to the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100, structural design and functional design can also be divided, so that there are fewer design and manufacturing issues compared to the drive source / expander / compressor integrated centralizer.
- the target value for the opening operation of the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the pre-expansion valve 6 is used as the discharge temperature of the main compressor 1.
- a pressure sensor may be provided in the pipe 35 and controlled by the discharge pressure.
- the target value of the opening operation of the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the pre-expansion valve 6 is set as the discharge temperature of the main compressor 1, but as an evaporator during the cooling operation.
- the degree of superheat at the refrigerant outlet of the functioning indoor heat exchanger 21 may be set as a target value.
- the target superheat degree may be determined by storing it in advance in the control device 83 as a table in a ROM or the like.
- a control device may be provided in the indoor unit 82 to set the target superheat degree.
- the target superheat degree may be transmitted to the control device 83 wirelessly or by wire through communication between the indoor unit 82 and the outdoor unit 81.
- the relationship between the high pressure side pressure and the superheat degree of the evaporator is such that the higher the high pressure side pressure, the greater the superheat degree, and the lower the high pressure side pressure, the smaller the superheat degree. Control may be performed by replacing temperature with superheat.
- the target value of the opening operation of the intermediate pressure bypass valve 9 and the pre-expansion valve 6 is set as the discharge temperature of the main compressor 1, but as a radiator during heating operation
- the degree of supercooling at the refrigerant outlet of the functioning indoor heat exchanger 21 may be set as a target value.
- the refrigeration cycle apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment shows a case where carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant. However, when such a refrigerant is used, when the air temperature of the radiator is high, conventional chlorofluorocarbons are used.
- the refrigerant compressed by the sub-compressor 2 is injected into the compression chamber 108 of the main compressor 1.
- the compression mechanism of the main compressor 1 is used. May be injected into a path connecting the lower-stage compression chamber and the rear-stage compression chamber.
- the main compressor 1 may be configured to perform two-stage compression with a plurality of compressors.
- the outdoor heat exchanger 4 and the indoor heat exchanger 21 have been described as an example of a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with air, but the present invention is limited to this. It may be a heat exchanger that exchanges heat with other heat medium such as water or brine.
- the refrigerant flow path switching corresponding to the operation mode related to air conditioning is performed by the first four-way valve 3 and the second four-way valve 5
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the refrigerant flow path may be switched by, for example, a two-way valve, a three-way valve, or a check valve.
- the present invention is suitable, for example, for a hot water supply device, a household refrigeration cycle device, a commercial refrigeration cycle device, a vehicle refrigeration cycle device, and the like.
- a refrigeration cycle apparatus that always performs power recovery in a wide operation range and can perform efficient operation.
- the effect is large in a refrigeration cycle apparatus in which carbon dioxide is used as a refrigerant and the high pressure side is in a supercritical state.
- the operation condition that maximizes the COP improvement rate among the settable operation conditions is the highest ambient temperature of the evaporator and flows into the radiator.
- the design volume ratio (VC / VE) of the sub compressor 2 and the expander 7 should be set under the condition that the temperature of the water to be discharged is the lowest and the temperature of the water flowing out from the radiator (the temperature of the tapping water set) is the lowest. That's fine.
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Abstract
Description
さらに、上記特許文献2には、膨張機と副圧縮機と主圧縮機の仕様を如何に設定すれば冷凍サイクル装置の全運転範囲で高性能を実現できるかについて、記載されていない。
当該冷凍サイクル装置の設定可能な運転範囲の中で運転効率が最大となる条件における、前記放熱器から流出した前記冷媒の密度をDE、前記蒸発器から流出した前記冷媒の密度をDC、前記膨張機に流入する前記冷媒の比エンタルピをhE、前記膨張機から流出した前記冷媒の比エンタルピをhF、前記主圧縮機が吸入する前記冷媒の比エンタルピをhA、及び、前記主圧縮機の前記圧縮過程の中途における前記冷媒の比エンタルピをhBと定義した場合、前記副圧縮機の行程容積VCを前記膨張機の行程容積VEで割った値である設計容積比(VC/VE)が、(DE/DC)×(hE-hF)/(hB-hA)よりも所定値だけ小さく設定されているものである。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態に係る冷凍サイクル装置100の冷媒回路図である。図2は、この冷凍サイクル装置100に搭載された主圧縮機1の断面構成を示す概略縦断面図である。図3は、この冷凍サイクル装置100の冷房運転時における冷媒の変遷を示すP-h線図である。図4は、この冷凍サイクル装置100の暖房運転時における冷媒の変遷を示すP-h線図である。図5は、この冷凍サイクル装置100の制御装置83が行なう制御処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。図6は、この冷凍サイクル装置100の中間圧バイパス弁9と予膨張弁6の連携制御を示す動作説明図である。
以下、図1~図6に基づいて、冷凍サイクル装置100の回路構成及び動作について説明する。なお、図1を含め、以下の図面では各構成部材の大きさの関係が実際のものとは異なる場合がある。また、図1を含め、以下の図面において、同一の符号を付したものは、同一又はこれに相当するものであり、このことは明細書の全文において共通することとする。さらに、明細書全文に表わされている構成要素の形態は、あくまでも例示であって、これらの記載に限定されるものではない。
一方、室外熱交換器4は、冷房運転時においては放熱器として機能する。なお、放熱過程において臨界圧力以下で動作する冷媒は放熱過程で凝縮するため、放熱過程に用いられる熱交換器を凝縮器やガスクーラー等と称する場合がある。しかしながら、本実施の形態では、冷媒の種類にかかわらず、放熱過程に用いられる熱交換器を「放熱器」と称することとする。
モーター102に通電されると、モーター102を構成している固定子と回転子とにトルクが発生し、シャフト103が回転する。シャフト103の先端部には揺動スクロール104が装着されており、揺動スクロール104が公転運動を行なう。揺動スクロール104の旋回運動とともに圧縮室が中心に向かって容積を減少させながら移動し、冷媒が圧縮される。
<冷房運転モード>
まず、冷凍サイクル装置100が実行する冷房運転時の動作について図1及び図3を参照しながら説明する。なお、図1で示す記号A~Gは、図3で示す記号A~Gに対応している。また、冷房運転モードでは、第1四方弁3及び第2四方弁5が図1に「実線」で示されている状態に制御される。ここで、冷凍サイクル装置100の冷媒回路等における圧力の高低については、基準となる圧力との関係により定まるものではなく、主圧縮機1や副圧縮機2での昇圧、予膨張弁6や膨張機7の減圧等によりできる相対的な圧力を高圧、低圧として表わすものとする。また、温度の高低についても同様であるものとする。
冷凍サイクル装置100は、上述した動作を繰り返すことで、室内の空気の熱が室外の空気へ伝達されて、室内を冷房することになる。
冷凍サイクル装置100が実行する暖房運転時の動作について図1及び図4を参照しながら説明する。なお、図1で示す記号A~Gは、図4で示す記号A~Gに対応している。また、暖房運転モードでは、第1四方弁3及び第2四方弁5が図1に「破線」で示されている状態に制御される。
冷凍サイクル装置100は、上述した動作を繰り返すことで、室外の空気の熱が室内の空気へ伝達されて、室内を暖房することになる。
ここで、副圧縮機2と膨張機7の冷媒流量について説明する。
膨張機7を流れる冷媒流量をGE、副圧縮機2を流れる冷媒流量をGCとする。また、主圧縮機1と副圧縮機2を流れる合計の冷媒流量のうち、副圧縮機2へ流れる冷媒流量の割合(分流比とする)をWとすると、GEとGCの関係は下記式(1)のようになる。
GC=W×GE…(1)
よって、副圧縮機2の行程容積をVC、膨張機7の行程容積をVE、副圧縮機2の流入冷媒密度をDC、膨張機7の流入冷媒密度をDEとすると、密度比一定の制約は下記式(2)のように表わされる。
VC/VE/W=DE/DC…(2)
換言すると、設計容積比(VC/VE)は、下記式(3)のように表わされる。
VC/VE=(DE/DC)×W…(3)
hE-hF=W×(hB-hA)…(4)
冷凍サイクル装置100は、低圧の冷媒の一部を副圧縮機2で中間圧まで圧縮してから主圧縮機1にインジェクションしているので、副圧縮機2の圧縮動力分だけ主圧縮機1の電気入力を低減することができる。
次に、実際の運転状態での密度比(DE/DC)が、設計時に想定した容積比(VC/VE/W)と異なる場合の冷房運転について説明する。
まず、実際の運転状態での密度比(DE/DC)が、設計時に想定した容積比(VC/VE/W)より大きい冷房運転の場合について説明する。この場合には、密度比一定の制約のため、膨張機7の入口冷媒密度(DE)が小さくなるように、冷凍サイクルは高圧側圧力を低下させた状態でバランスしようとする。ところが、高圧側圧力が望ましい圧力より低下した状態では運転効率が低下してしまう。
次に、実際の運転状態での密度比(DE/EC)が、設計時に想定した容積比(VC/VE/W)より小さい冷房運転の場合について説明する。この場合には、密度比一定の制約のため、膨張機7の入口冷媒密度(DE)が大きくなるように、冷凍サイクルは高圧側圧力を上昇させた状態でバランスしようとする。ところが、高圧側圧力が望ましい圧力より上昇した状態では運転効率が低下してしまう。
実際の運転状態での密度比(DE/DC)が、設計時に想定した容積比(VC/VE/W)と異なる暖房運転の場合があるが、冷房運転時と同様に副圧縮機2及び膨張機7の動作を制御するようになっているため説明を省略する。
W=(hE-hF)/(hB-hA)…(5)
このため、副圧縮機2及び膨張機7の設計容積比(VC/VE)は、上記式(3),(5)より、下記式(6)のように表すことができる。
VC/VE=(DE/DC)×(hE-hF)/(hB-hA)…(6)
つまり、COP改善率が最大となる運転条件における(DE/DC)×(hE-hF)/(hB-hA)を求め、この値よりも副圧縮機2及び膨張機7の設計容積比(VC/VE)が所定値だけ小さくなるように、副圧縮機2及び膨張機7の設計容積比(VC/VE)を設定してやればよい。
この図13には、図10~図12に示した主圧縮機1に対応して、「早い」、「中間」及び「遅い」という3本の右上がりの曲線が示されている。これらは設計容積比(VC/VE)によって定まる分流比W分の冷媒が副圧縮機2から主圧縮機1の圧縮室108に確実にすべてインジェクションされたとした場合の中間圧である。また、図13には、右下がりの曲線が示されている。これは設計容積比(VC/VE)によって定まる分流比W分の冷媒が副圧縮機2より吐出される際の吐出圧力である。インジェクションポート113の位置での閉込み後の中間圧を示す右上がりの曲線と副圧縮機2で圧縮される圧力である右下がりの曲線との交点より左側で、右上がりの曲線と右下がりの曲線で区画される領域が、運転可能な中間圧となる。例えば、図13に示す閉込み後の中間圧の曲線を例にとると、「遅い」という右上がりの曲線との交点より、設計容積比(VC/VE)を1とした場合、図12に示す主圧縮機1の閉込み後の中間圧は約2.2となる。
図13の破線は、高圧と低圧の相乗平均を示してある。設計容積比(VC/VE)が変化するとインジェクション流量が変化するため中間圧も変化する。設計容積比(VC/VE)=0での右上がり曲線の値が、インジェクション流量がゼロの場合の中間圧を示しており、これがそれぞれのインジェクションポートの位置の中間圧を示している。インジェクションポートの位置が「中間」の場合の中間圧は、高圧と低圧の相乗平均に概ね一致するようにした。
また、図13の右上がりの曲線と右下がりの曲線の交点では、副圧縮機2の吐出圧力と主圧縮機1のインジェクションポート113の位置での閉込み後の中間圧が一致しており、COP改善率が最大となる。
hB-hA=hB’-hA +α≧hB’-hA…(7)
ここで、本実施の形態に係る冷凍サイクル装置100は冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いている場合を示しているが、このような冷媒を用いた場合、放熱器の空気温度が高いとき、従来のフロン系冷媒のように高圧側で凝縮を伴わず超臨界サイクルとなるため飽和圧力と温度から過冷却度を算出することができない。そこで、図9に示すように、臨界点でのエンタルピを基準に擬似飽和圧力と擬似飽和温度Tcを設定し、冷媒の温度Tcoとの差を擬似過冷却度Tscとして用いればよい(下記式(8)参照)。
Tsc=Tc-Tco…(8)
また、高圧側圧力と放熱器の過熱度との関係は、高圧側圧力が高いほど過冷却度も大きくなり、高圧側圧力が低いほど過冷却度も小さくなるため、図5のフローチャートにおいてステップ203の吐出温度を過冷却度に置き換えた制御とすればよい。
Claims (11)
- 冷媒を低圧から高圧まで圧縮する主圧縮機と、
前記主圧縮機から吐出された前記冷媒の熱を放散する放熱器と、
前記放熱器を通過した前記冷媒を減圧する膨張機と、
前記膨張機より流出された前記冷媒が蒸発する蒸発器と、
前記蒸発器と前記主圧縮機の吸入側とを接続する吸入配管に一端が接続され、他端が前記主圧縮機の圧縮過程の中途に接続された副圧縮経路と、
前記副圧縮経路に設けられ、前記蒸発器から流出した低圧の前記冷媒の一部を中間圧まで圧縮し、前記主圧縮機の圧縮過程の中途にインジェクションする副圧縮機と、
前記膨張機と前記副圧縮機とを接続し、前記膨張機によって前記冷媒が減圧される際に発生する動力を前記副圧縮機に伝達する駆動軸と、
を備えた冷凍サイクル装置であって、
当該冷凍サイクル装置の設定可能な運転範囲の中で運転効率が最大となる条件における、前記放熱器から流出した前記冷媒の密度をDE、前記蒸発器から流出した前記冷媒の密度をDC、前記膨張機に流入する前記冷媒の比エンタルピをhE、前記膨張機から流出した前記冷媒の比エンタルピをhF、前記主圧縮機が吸入する前記冷媒の比エンタルピをhA、及び、前記主圧縮機の前記圧縮過程の中途における前記冷媒の比エンタルピをhBと定義した場合、
前記副圧縮機の行程容積VCを前記膨張機の行程容積VEで割った値である設計容積比(VC/VE)が、(DE/DC)×(hE-hF)/(hB-hA)よりも所定値だけ小さく設定されている冷凍サイクル装置。 - 請求項1に記載の冷凍サイクル装置は、空気調和装置に用いられる冷凍サイクル装置であり、
前記放熱器及び前記蒸発器は、空気と前記冷媒とが熱交換する熱交換器であって、
当該冷凍サイクル装置の設定可能な運転範囲の中で運転効率が最大となる条件とは、
前記放熱器の周囲温度が最も低く、かつ前記蒸発器の周囲温度が最も高くなる運転状態である冷凍サイクル装置。 - 請求項2に記載の冷凍サイクル装置は、冷暖房可能な冷凍サイクル装置であり、
前記設計容積比(VC/VE)が、
暖房運転時の(DE/DC)×(hE-hF)/(hB-hA)以下で、冷房運転時の(DE/DC)×(hE-hF)/(hB-hA)以上に設定されている冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記主圧縮機の前記副圧縮経路の接続位置における前記冷媒の中間圧が、
当該冷凍サイクル装置の設定可能な運転範囲の中で運転効率が最大となる条件における低圧と高圧の相乗平均値より小さく設定されている請求項1~請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記設計容積比(VC/VE)を2.5以下とした請求項1~請求項4のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記設計容積比(VC/VE)を1以上とした請求項1~請求項5のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記膨張機と前記放熱器の間に設けられ前記膨張機に流入する冷媒を減圧する予膨張弁と、
前記副圧縮機の吐出側配管と前記吸入配管とを接続するバイパス経路と、
前記バイパス経路に設けられ、前記バイパス経路を流れる冷媒の流量を調整するバイパス弁と、
前記予膨張弁の開度及び前記バイパス弁の開度を制御する制御装置と、
を備えた請求項1~請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記制御装置は、前記予膨張弁の開度と前記バイパス弁の開度を制御して前記冷媒の高圧側圧力を調整する請求項7に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記制御装置は、前記予膨張弁の開度と前記バイパス弁の開度を制御して、主圧縮機から吐出される前記冷媒の温度を調整する請求項7に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
- 前記バイパス経路における前記吸入配管側の端部は、
前記副圧縮経路と前記吸入配管との接続部から前記主圧縮機までの間の前記吸入配管に接続されている請求項7~請求項9のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。 - 前記冷媒として二酸化炭素を用いる請求項1~請求項10のいずれか一項に記載の冷凍サイクル装置。
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| EP11871670.3A EP2765369B1 (en) | 2011-09-01 | 2011-09-01 | Refrigeration cycle device |
| JP2013530882A JP5710007B2 (ja) | 2011-09-01 | 2011-09-01 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
| US14/236,956 US9395105B2 (en) | 2011-09-01 | 2011-09-01 | Refrigeration cycle device |
| CN201180073123.2A CN103765125B (zh) | 2011-09-01 | 2011-09-01 | 制冷循环装置 |
| PCT/JP2011/004920 WO2013030896A1 (ja) | 2011-09-01 | 2011-09-01 | 冷凍サイクル装置 |
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| EP (1) | EP2765369B1 (ja) |
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| JP2018204849A (ja) * | 2017-06-02 | 2018-12-27 | ヤンマー株式会社 | ヒートポンプ装置 |
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| EP2765369A4 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
| US9395105B2 (en) | 2016-07-19 |
| CN103765125A (zh) | 2014-04-30 |
| JPWO2013030896A1 (ja) | 2015-03-23 |
| CN103765125B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
| EP2765369A1 (en) | 2014-08-13 |
| US20140157811A1 (en) | 2014-06-12 |
| EP2765369B1 (en) | 2021-06-02 |
| JP5710007B2 (ja) | 2015-04-30 |
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