WO2013022329A1 - Wall-construction system based on prefabricated dovetailing blocks - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a wall-construction system based on prefabricated dovetailing blocks; the invention is characterized in that it comprises foundation blocks, wall blocks and finishing, or closure, blocks; said foundation blocks and wall blocks comprise a rectangular prismatic body with a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical central edge in the opposite lateral face, the lower face thereof comprising a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced apart from one another; said wall blocks comprise, in the upper face thereof, a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels that are separated from one another; said foundation block comprises, in the upper face thereof, a longitudinal central channel and three transverse channels that are separated from one another; said finishing, or closure, block comprises a substantially cubic body that comprises, in the upper face thereof, two intersecting central channels defining a cross and, in the lower face, comprises two intersecting central edges defining a further cross, comprising a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical edge in the opposite lateral face.

Description

 CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM OF WALLS BASED ON PREFABRICATED BLOCKS OF MACHIHEMBRATED ASSEMBLY

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is related to the construction industry in general, in particular with the prefabricated construction elements used in the construction industry of residential buildings, classrooms, offices, among others; more specifically it refers to a construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of machi em rado assembly.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

One of the greatest existing problems of humanity, is undoubtedly the lack of housing, this being the reason for inspiration to study, analyze and develop the system of the present invention.

It is well known that in the construction industry for the generation and construction of walls of various buildings, traditional construction elements are used bricks, partitions, concrete blocks, or similar, etc. where mortar is required for the union of said construction elements. These types of systems are expensive and require more materials, water and labor to run.

There are other types of partitions or blocks that are hollow; whose purpose of the cavity is to pour a mortar or concrete and / or accommodate structural rods; however, a mixture of sand, lime and hydraulic cement is still required.

Other types of blocks are also known as those comprising an eyebrow or projection on one side and a groove on the opposite side for tongue and groove engagement with identical blocks attached; however these are limited in their structure and configuration. Some related patents and utility model were found in the state of the art; such as the record of utility model MX3084 of Manuel Muñoz González presented on November 27, 1984 and granted on May 6, 1988, which discloses a block model for construction, whose set delineation is characterized, by a pyramid in inverted "L" shape; in it, three basic structural elements can be distinguished; a long, straight wall, an inverted "F" wall and three assembly walls that join and close the ends of the previous ones; the long wall has its pointed top base, with the vertex centered; the "F" shaped wall has the same thickness as the previous one and has its longest side parallel to the straight wall, while its shorter sections are perpendicular to it; both the upper and lower base of this wall are flat; It can also be seen that the assembly walls are slightly sunk with respect to the outer walls and that both the assembly tooth and the square channel cover the entire length of the assembly walls resembling elongated rectangular pyramids. As seen in the attached figures.

The utility model MX1286 of Juan Pablo Navarro Mata was also found, presented on June 21, 2002 and granted on 02 March 2005, which protects structural elements of assembly used in the construction industry. More specifically, it refers to a partition type block with modulated geometry that can be assembled in all its directions, characterized in that it comprises a substantially rectangular shape whose upper face comprises two hollows equidistant from each other and on its lower face two projections of the same shape are included. , dimensions and alignment than said cavities of the upper face; said block comprising in one of its lateral faces a central recess in all its vertical section and in its lateral or put face comprising a central projection in all its vertical section of equal dimensions and conformation that said central recess of the lateral or put face; said block further comprising a rectangular recess in the lower edge of its anterior and posterior faces, as well as in the vertical edges of the lateral face where said vertical central projection is comprised; said cavities, projections and recesses allowing the upper, lower and lateral coupling with other blocks of the same configuration.

Mexican patent MX 7011 filed on June 26, 1980 was found, which discloses and protects improvements in a hollow building block, especially for the lifting of walls and load-bearing walls that is essentially characterized by being constituted by a parallelepipedic body presenting at its upper base, a projection as a platform limited longitudinally by two marginal steps arranged at a lower level, while at the lower base it has an inlet that corresponds to its shape, location and dimensions with that opposite projection and which is also delimited longitudinally by two marginal steps besieged at level higher, also appearing on the outer faces of the extreme minor walls of this block a set of nerve and regatta, diagonally opposed and intended for the appropriate lateral tongue and groove of these blocks. The block is normally divided into two chambers by a medium transversal partition, chambers suitable for the pouring and circulation of a filling mortar and for the placement of possible reinforcement rods.

The invention protects the structure of a single block as an element that engages in tongue and groove only laterally with similar blocks; However, Rio discloses or protects a contractual system that involves several elements that allow the formation and proper finishing of walls or walls. It was also found the Mexican patent MX191936 filed on September 27, 1993 that protects a prefabricated system based on blocks and concrete joists with fiber, the blocks are cube-shaped and others are double-cubed with a series of chamfers or recesses in its edges characterized in that each block has in its upper part truncated conical or pyramidal sections that protrude and a series of recesses of the same shape and size at the bottom, said recesses serve for the tongue and groove coupling of the blocks avoiding the sliding of the pieces and has a rectangular hole that crosses from the top to the bottom that serves as an internal duct or castle. The joists are in the form of una "one of the joists has a variable longitudinal cant to give it a slope and form roofs. The joists are characterized by having a reticule of holes in the lower skate in the same way as the protruding sections of the blocks used to attach the joists to the blocks. This patent protects blocks with very different structural characteristics in combination with joists that interact to form walls and form roofs. The patent application MX / a / 2009/000837 of Arturo Hernández Figueroa, filed on January 22, 2009, which discloses a super lightweight modular building block, based on a module of variable measures and materials, characterized by counting , with cavities and structural ribs all along its interior, as well as with structural connectors on its 4 sides and tongue and groove assembly system, which replace the vault, the cassette, the partition and the cement-sand block, either hollow or solid. It can be made of various materials, such as cellular concrete, foamed concrete, whether it is only with the mixture of recycled solid waste, of any kind, be it cardboard, paper, plastic, PET, etc. This block can also be amalgamated with binders of any other type such as concrete with EPS or tezontle beads, Polymers, Resins, etc. crushed and scrambled together. This module can be manufactured by extrusion processes or by molding, either in plant or on site and they are used to replace, in construction, materials such as EPS or expanded polystyrene, to the partition wall, in any of the varieties existing until today, to the sand cement block, either solid or hollow, this block is used in slabs as structural and lightening vault, replacing the vaults that are currently marketed and that are only used as filler, in walls it is used as a casetone, to lighten concrete walls, or as masonry in the load-bearing walls, replacing the partition, the block, etc. This module offers the possibility of being manufactured with different compressive strengths ranging from 5 Kg / cm2 to the desired one and can optionally be reinforced with polypropylene fibers, metallic or of any kind to obtain a flexural strength. With proper use and bending, you can receive the finishes directly. The object of this invention is to achieve, with the use of various new technology materials, such as cellular concrete, foaming, polymers, recycled waste, etc. Light structures, earthquake resistant, low cost, ease of use and assembly, which allow the construction of any space, whether residential, commercial, educational or of any kind that is needed, at a fair price and in the shortest possible time.

Patent MX2006676 filed on July 19, 1996 was found, which protects a construction system consisting of several blocks with male and female elements, for the formation of walls and to form openings, as well as curved corner blocks for curves and corner blocks straight, and even cross-shaped blocks, step blocks and half female and half male blocks for window formation; However, in these blocks the structural configuration is different and they also require a concrete mix for the joint (although this is hidden and for this requires a special configuration in the female and male elements), the need for multiple block configurations makes complex system, more expensive and requires more labor and more assembly time for the formation of walls or walls, as well as openings for windows and stalls.

Patent application MX9806659 filed on August 17, 1998, discloses a construction system based on tongue and groove blocks in its joints, and special pieces to form the structural reinforcements in the construction of walls for housing, industrial buildings and buildings, confining the assembling steel and concrete, totally avoiding the use of formwork or formwork, simplifying the construction of a wall and that in addition to having all the modulated pieces, cuts and adjustments are avoided, minimizing the waste of time and materials in the execution of these actions . It is a type system that has all the necessary parts for the construction of the walls of a building and receive the mezzanine and roof slabs of the design or type chosen. The Mexican patent application MX9909538 discloses a modular structural construction system with architectural standardization based on tongue and groove articulated articulated blocks, consisting of block and half-block in serrated form with holes or modulating holes and three-size design, used for the construction of walls of different thicknesses, foundations, columns given for footing, rooting, running containment shoes, reinforced with articulated drowned castles. The system is complex, expensive and difficult to apply and install, requiring multiple pieces and construction elements, which are used for implementation in various constructions in addition to wall constructions.

American patent US 2,539,868 dated April 8, 1947, which discloses a concrete building block comprising a pair of laterally spaced external walls, a pair of laterally spaced internal walls, extended connecting members between the external walls and adjacent interns; said connecting members connect said walls in the intermediate section and at the ends of said walls. Said walls and said connecting members generate interconnected vertical and horizontal passages between them and shoulders. sealing at the ends of each wall, one of said external walls constitutes a front wall provided with a surface inclined downwards and upwards simulating a pebble, upper and lower shoulders in each of said walls have a stepped recess, the upper recess on each wall it receives in the lower recess of the superimposed wall. There are corner blocks specially designed to generate corners in walls or walls. These blocks are completely structurally different from the building system blocks of the present invention.

US Pat. No. 2,594,378 discloses a block ("vitroblock" type) composed of two confronted external walls connected through internal perpendicular walls leaving outwardly projecting tabs of each external wall and comprising in the central section of said internal perpendicular walls. substantially discontinuous and partially misaligned assembly tabs that allow the assembly with tabs of another block attached in all directions. External walls can have a different configuration engraving. This block structure is completely different from the blocks of our patent application, and in their coupling they also require a joint mixture.

With the purpose of suppressing the inconveniences described above, the development of tongue and groove assembly blocks was considered in a construction system of walls, which by their structure can be assembled forming walls or walls, temporary or permanent.

In the state of the art, as already stated, there is a diversity of building systems based on prefabricated blocks with tongue and groove assembly elements; but in no case is a system exhibited or shown with blocks like those of the present invention.

OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION

The main objective of the present invention is to make available a construction system based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, the blocks of which can be assembled in a tongue and groove form to generate temporary or permanent walls without the need for any joint mixing between attached parts.

Another objective of the present invention is to make said construction system based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks available, which are also structurally simple, easy to assemble and practical in handling and placement during the construction of the walls.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also allow adequate finishing at the ends of walls or walls and allow the generation of openings for windows and / or doors.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make said constructive system based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks available, which also allows the installation of pipes for hydraulic, sanitary, electrical, gas, etc. installations on a built wall. without need to punch the wall

Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also does not require castles or columns for joining between two walls, using orthogonal assembly between blocks.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly available, which also allows the construction of walls by anyone without the need for special skills, which also allows saving time, labor and of materials, giving obvious advantages over traditional materials.

Still another objective of the present invention is to make available said construction system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, which also allows the construction of housing of either popular, social, medium or residential interest type; all of these being of much higher and special specifications in relation to constructions with traditional systems or other systems that use prefabricated blocks. Still another objective of the present invention is to make said constructive system based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly available, that in addition the constructed works offer great resistance to telluric movements, and also offer thermal, acoustic and waterproof properties.

Another objective of the present invention is to make said constructive system based on prefabricated assembly blocks available tongue and groove, which also allows the generation of buildings with greater safety, comfort and comfort to its occupants; also something that much cheaper than traditional and preconstructed buildings.

And all those qualities and objectives that will become apparent when making a general and detailed description of the present invention supported by the illustrated modalities.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

For the development of the high-tech construction system and with strict quality control, extensive preliminary experimental studies were carried out on the construction design; To obtain these new mechanical and structural elements, several structured and carefully planned tests were carried out within its experimental phase. Some basic aspects adopted to carry out the study of the tests for the development of the construction system are the following:

1. - Test technique. A team was developed that allowed the generation of the blocks to study their mechanical, structural and resistance behavior.

2. - Physical and mechanical principles involved in the apparatus and test procedures. It was evaluated if the supposed conditions were satisfied, as well as determining the failures according to results to obtain a greater accuracy. 3.- Measurement theory. To obtain the accuracy of the results and which of the measurements involved offered the best results. 4. - Variety of materials. The amount of tests that were necessary to obtain the expected results, as well as the average variation that has justified the rejection of the individual values, also the range of resistance that we could expect from a given material when used in working conditions.

5.- Interpretation of the results. The test results were analyzed and it was determined whether the test conditions were within or outside the range for which the corrections were established, considering the methods and classes of material. All this resulted in the limitations of the results through the trials, as well as the reliability of the test data.

Engineering Materials

The main materials used in the construction of homes and buildings include metals and alloys, wood, Portland cement concrete, bituminous mixtures, mud products, masonry materials, plastics and additives in their different functions.

The main function of building materials is to develop strength, rigidity, stability and durability, and in our case, some elasticity appropriate to the service for which they were created. These requirements largely define the properties that materials must possess and, therefore, determine in broad strokes the nature of the tests. made on those materials. , The full appreciation of the meaning of building materials tests generally requires some knowledge of the general properties of these materials and the subject of structural mechanics.

Reference is made to the many available treaties on materials and mechanics for the detailed review of such issues. Although in general terms both fluids and solids are engineering materials, whose properties must be discovered by test and although the performance of base structures, as well as the characteristics of the materials are engineering test subjects, unless they are Qualify otherwise, the term "materials test" refers to tests of solid building materials or assemblies of construction materials.

Materials selection.

Service, in the broad sense, is the ultimate criterion in the choice of materials. An important object of materials testing is to help predict or guarantee the desired performance of materials in working conditions. However, in the selection of materials for the construction of structures, the problems of material quality, design, and use are interrelated.

It should be noted in passing that a good material and the right challenge can do nothing but guarantee that a particular construction will be satisfactory within the limits of the assigned use, although the material that can withstand the greatest abuse for what was created, certainly has a great advantage over its competitors; as in this case with the creation of the system blocks. In the selection of materials, two types of information were available, such as a) knowledge and background of the performance of the existing materials, and b) the results of the tests performed to provide data on the performance of these materials. . Based on this information, the specifications of the blocks were concluded and therefore a state of the art technology.

In order to obtain the final structural configuration and the composition of the blocks it was necessary to choose between a great variety of materials and above all that were and were available to be able to identify and select it.

The selection of materials for the development of the building system blocks, in accordance with the invention, had the following considerations or classification:

1.- The kinds of materials available.

2 - The properties of the various materials.

 3. - Requirement of the services of the different materials.

4. - Relative economics of materials.

5.- Method of manufacturing the blocks and the influence on their properties.

 6. - Specification of the blocks in relation to the uniformity and quality of the product achieved.

 7. - Total quality control method with respect to the measures of the desired properties.

Properties of the materials. The determination of the properties of the materials for the engineering test was carried out in the ordinary materials test laboratory related to the mechanical properties; as the main factor in the life and performance of the structures in the applied load.

Resistance is an initial requirement of any engineering material. In its broadest acceptance the term resistance, it can be assumed that the failure resistance of a complete piece of material is referred to; a small part of it, or even the surface.

The failure criterion can be either rupture or excessive deformation. From the first tests, the strength and elasticity of the materials for the construction of the building system blocks of the present invention were analyzed.

The complete knowledge of the behavior of a given material has involved the study of most of its properties under a wide range of conditions, plus the performance of exhaustive tests necessary to obtain the complete information.

The problem was to collect all the data of those properties that could influence the economic value and the serviceability of a material. The relative efficiency of a material for the specific use of the blocks depends on the degree to which the relevant properties are present.

Classification of the properties of engineering materials in relation to the building system blocks of the present invention. PROPERTY CLASS

 Physics Dimensions, shape, density or specific gravity, porosity, moisture content, macrostructure, microstructure

 Mechanical Strength, tension, compression, shear, and static flexion, impact and toughness, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity, ductility, brittleness, hardness, wear resistance

 Chemistry Oxide or complex composition, acidity or alkalinity, corrosion or weather resistance, etc.

 Thermal Specific color, expansion, conductivity

 Physicochemistry Action h i d r o a b so r b e n t e o h i d ro r e p e 1 e n t e, contraction and dilation due to humidity changes

 Electrical and Conductivity, magnetic permeability, magnetic action, galvanic

 Acoustic Sound transmission, Sound reflection

 Color optics, light transmission, light reflection

The testing of the materials was carried out with the following objectives:

 1. - To provide routine information about the quality of the blocks, as well as total quality control.

 2. - That it would allow to gather new or better information about known materials or develop new materials (in material research), as well as their development work.

3. - Obtain the exact measurements of the fundamental properties or physical constants-scientific measurement.

The type of test has been specified as normal procedures have been used, the objective was simply to determine if the material properties have been within the required limits.

The common purposes of materials research were: 1. - Arrive at a new understanding of the known materials for the development of technology based on the building system blocks.

 2. - Discover the properties of new materials.

3.- Prepare the quality standards of the procedures of the significant tests.

The goal of the scientific essay is the accumulation of an array of orderly and reliable information about the fundamental and useful properties of the materials, with the final aim of providing data for the exact analysis of structural behavior, as well as efficient design. The work has demanded, above all, knowledge, care, patience, and much precision. With regard to the general method of attack and the interpretation of the results, it is desirable to distinguish between:

 1. - Tests on samples of natural and processed materials.

2. - Tests on cut specimens of the finished parts.

 3. - Tests on models of structures, members or parts.

4. - Tests on structures, members or parts of normal size.

The tests can be classified as destructive or non-destructive, with respect to the usefulness of the blocks, or a part of these after the test to determine the ultimate quality and strength, naturally, involved the destruction of many samples.

In the end, the ideal essay was very significant, reliable, reproducible, of known precision and above all very economical. The choice of procedures for manufacturing the blocks is completely controlled by the meaning of the test influenced by a sense of proportion. The appropriate measure of Product properties were possible when:

 1. - The property was defined with sufficient accuracy.

 2. - The material is of known composition and purity. .

 3. - The existing conditions are normal and known.

4.- The experimental methods are theoretically correct.

 5. - The observations and their reductions were made with due care.

 6. - The order of accuracy of the results are known. The degree of accuracy that was achieved has become a very practical matter, with the time and labor involved in the tests allowed to fall within the proportions to reach the desired limits of accuracy. The maximum and minimum to be established can be based on the experiment but must recognize the limitations of the manufacturing process. These limits correspond to the dimensional limits admitted when manufacturing the blocks, where abrupt variations of the product cannot be allowed. When setting the tolerance limits for manufacturing the product, great care has been taken to avoid too narrow ranges on the one hand and too wide variations or low quality on the other. Often these limits involve safety and generally, durability and efficiency.

The fundamental mechanical properties are resistance, stiffness, elasticity, plasticity and energy capacity. The strength of a material is measured by the effort according to which a specific limiting condition develops. The main limiting conditions or criteria of the failure are the termination of the elastic action and the rupture. Hardness, usually indicated by resistance to penetration or abrasion on the surface of a material, can be considered as a particular type or measure of strength. The stiffness has to do with the magnitude of the deformation that occurs under the load; Within the range of elastic behavior, stiffness is measured by the "modulus of elasticity." Elasticity (but not the modulus of elasticity) refers to the ability of a material to deform not permanently when the stress is removed. The term plasticity is used here in its generic exception to indicate the ability to deform in the elastic or plastic range without breaking, the plasticity can be expressed in several ways.

The ability of a material to absorb elastic energy depends on resistance and stiffness, the energy capacity in the range of elastic action called resilience; The energy required to break a material is taken as the measure of its tenacity. For this introductory discussion, only the general procedures of the mechanical test are suggested; details of the particular types are offered in separate chapters under the relevant headings. To simplify the development of the various concepts, the discussion in this chapter refers mainly to material test specimens in which they minimize the effects of the dimension, shape, stress concentration, etc.

Types of mechanical test.

To approximate the conditions of the blocks on how they should behave in service, a number of test procedures were necessary. The relationship between several test procedures could be evidenced by an orderly classification of the test conditions, the types main of which are: a) .- Those related to the way in which the load is applied, b) .- Those that have to do with the condition of the material or test piece, at the time of the test, c) .- Those related to the surrounding condition (ambient condition) during the progress of the test, as in atmospheric exposure studies.

The load application method is the most common basis for designating or classifying mechanical tests.

There are three factors involved in defining the way in which the load is applied and the number of times the load is applied: In the mechanical test of prepared specimens there are five primary types of load; as dictated by the condition of the stress to be induced: Tension, compression, direct cutting, torsion and flexion.

In tension and compression tests, an axial load is attempted to be applied to a specimen in order to obtain a uniform distribution of stress over the critical cross section. In direct cut trials, an attempt is made to have a uniform distribution of effort, but this ideal condition is never satisfied in the way in which the shear stresses develop within the body under direct cut loads and due to the incidental stresses established by the clamping devices The pure cut has been developed with twisted steel bars although the intensity of the shear stress has varied from zero to the center to a maximum at the periphery of the cross section. The torsion tests have had an advantage over the direct cutting ones in that the deformations could be determined by measuring the torsion angle. In flexural tests, both tension how the compression were involved (and also the cut, if another flexion is induced than the pure one) and the compound effects are studied; for example, deflections were measured directly and the modulus of rupture was determined.

Test conditions

In addition to the loading conditions, it was necessary to take into account the condition of the material at the time of the test and the environmental conditions, since they affected the test conditions.

To carry out the tests of the building system blocks, it has been carried out within the three general classes of tests. In the first class, which has included most of the tests carried out, they are made at normal atmospheric or local temperatures. They have also been carried out in the second class, which are at very low temperatures, keeping them below freezing. In the third class the tests have been carried out at high temperatures, and thus to be able to evaluate the resistance, ductility and creep within these three tests.

Generally the mechanical properties of some materials are affected by humidity conditions. For example, the strength of materials such as concrete, brick, stone and wood are markedly influenced by the moisture of the material. In the normal tests carried out with respect to the building system blocks, the lowest moisture permeability has been achieved, since it has less than 3% water absorption, plus external treatment, they make it totally waterproof since they have been performed long essays duration in controlled humidity conditions.

Effort and deformation. The effort is defined here as the intensity of the distributed internal forces or components that resist the change in the shape of your body. The effort is measured in terms of force per unit area; In the metric system the kilograms per square centimeter are the commonly used units, and in these measurements it is based on the new technology.

There are three basic kinds of efforts: Tensive, compressive and cutting. It is customary to compute the stresses based on the cross-sectional dimensions of a piece before the load is applied, usually called original dimensions. In simple tension and compression tests in which the blocks have been subjected to a uniformly distributed effort, the effort has been computed by dividing the known load by the minimum original sectional area. In cases where the distribution of effort was not uniform, the effort at two specific points could be determined by indirect methods.

Deformation . This term is used here to indicate the change in the shape of the building system blocks may be due to stress, thermal change, moisture change or other causes. In conjunction with direct stress, deformation is usually assumed as a linear change and is measured in units of length.

The deformation is defined as the change per unit length in a linear dimension of a body, which is accompanied by A change of effort. It is a unitary deformation due to stress.

It is a reason, or a non-dimensional number, and is therefore the same if measured in inches per inch, or centimeters per centimeter, etc.

Elasticity. Elasticity is the property of a material that by virtue of which the deformations caused by stress disappear when removed. In the case of the blocks they are imperfectly elastic; but as a whole they have a great elasticity.

Plasticity.

Plasticity is the property that allows the material to cope with permanent deformation without breaking. A general expression of the plastic action involves the speed of deformation, since in the plastic state the materials can deform under the constant and sustained effort; It would also involve the concept of the deformation limit before rupture. The evidence of the plastic action in structural materials is called deformation, plastic flow and creep.

As regards the blocks of the construction system according to the invention, test pieces have been made, taking advantage of this plasticity property to develop this technology; since being setting for a considerable time (from four to six hours) this plasticity favors to unite and seal the blocks, since they have great resistance to compression under repeated loads, this being without reaching the limit of resistance and therefore its deformation. The limit of resistance or fatigue resistance is the maximum effort that can be applied in a large and indefinite number of times without causing failure.

In accordance with the parameters, tests and properties evaluated as set forth, it was that the building system blocks were developed in accordance with the present invention.

In general, the construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, in accordance with the present invention, consists of the association of foundation blocks, wall blocks and finishing or closing blocks; said wall blocks in their preferred embodiment consist of a rectangular prismatic body comprising in its upper face a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels separated from each other, comprising a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical central edge in the opposite side face; on its lower face it comprises a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced apart from each other, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for the tongue and groove coupling; said foundation block comprises on its upper face a longitudinal central channel ^'and three ersales trans spaced channels, comprising a central vertical channel in one of the side faces and a central vertical edge on the opposite side face; on its lower face it comprises a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced apart; said finishing or closing block consists of a rectangular prismatic body and preferably a cubic body comprising in its upper face two channels centrals that cross defining a cross and on the lower face comprises two central edges that cross defining another cross, comprising a vertical central channel on one of the side faces and a vertical edge on the opposite side face.

The system also includes corner blocks that comprise the same configuration as the wall blocks, also including in its internal face a vertical channel and / or a vertical edge in position coinciding with one of the transverse channels of the upper face, which is adapted to engage in a row of the wall and mainly in a corner, whose vertical channel or vertical edge is adapted to receive the vertical central edge or the vertical central channel of one of the side faces of a wall block and generate a coupling and tie in The corners

The foundation block can comprise the same configuration as the wall block, only with a lower height.

The foundation block in its first mode, has the following dimensions: 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 12.5 cm high.

In the second mode of the foundation block, it has the following dimensions: 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 20 cm high.

The wall block in accordance with the present invention has the following dimensions: 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 20 cm high.

The termination or closing block in accordance with the present invention has the following dimensions: 17.5 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 20 cm high.

In another of the embodiments of the invention, the foundation block in either of its two modalities comprises transverse holes for receiving anchor bolts to anchor two attached foundation blocks and offer a foundation anchor for two attached walls.

Said transverse holes preferably comprises a metal jacket to offer better resistance properties to loads and stress.

In another of the embodiments of the invention, the foundation and / or wall and / or termination or enclosure blocks comprise on their inner face (defined face when a wall is generated) vertical or horizontal serves in different positions so that A group of adjacent blocks in their vertical or horizontal arrangement can define a continuous vertical or horizontal continuous take-off for the arrangement of pipelines for electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

In another of the embodiments of the invention said wall block optionally comprises on its inner face (defined face when a wall is generated) a rectangular or quadrangular socket attached to a vertical or horizontal socket for the installation of the register boxes or plates of contact control and / or electrical switches.

In another of the embodiments of the invention, some wall blocks and some termination or enclosure blocks comprise a vertical straight serve on one of the side faces, which when arranged in an arrangement to leave a door opening or Window define a perimeter take-off for the placement of a window or door frame.

Different compositions can be formulated for the manufacture of said blocks; for example the most economical option and which excellent mechanical and resistance properties is adobe, which is a tough and durable material. The blocks can also be constructed of other various materials, depending on the mechanical properties and the nature of the material to be used in the manufacture of the pieces, being able to be concrete emptied by gravity, pressed, set in the open air; plastic parts injected under pressure at high temperatures and pieces of agglomerable materials with high pressure resins; Among other materials.

In the preferred embodiment 1 of the invention, the blocks are made of a mixture of sand, gravel or granite, cement, additives to waterproof and harden them, resins and water.

In another mode 2, said blocks in addition to the components mentioned in mode 1, further comprising a mixture of adobe soil with cement. In another embodiment 3, said blocks are manufactured with the composition of the mode 1, further comprising a mixture of adobe and straw soil.

The blocks are adapted to fit in the way that the builder requires for its construction according to their needs; facilitating in this way the lifting of walls, mezzanines and ceilings of reinforced concrete; either tile or sheet roofs, facilitating with this a great rapidity,. a lot of security and above all a great economy.

With the configuration of the blocks as described, it will not be necessary to break or groove finished walls to place the skis of doors and windows; nor will it be necessary to groove to place the hydraulic, sanitary, electrical, telephone network, etc., since with the construction system as described, these additional operations and maneuvers are permanently resolved, thus avoiding unnecessary work, time and expenses.

The blocks have a great safety in the construction, since their high assembly technology, as well as the quality with which they are manufactured is high, being resistant to earthquakes, erosion, being also thermal, waterproof and insulating properties acoustic, in relation to traditional constructions.

Thus, with the construction system that employs up to 50% less labor and in turn accelerates up to 60% more construction times, also saving other materials such as cement, lime, sand, water, which also means saving freight The constructive system of the present invention does not resemble the construction of prefabricated, since with this system constructions with totally firm and solid walls are achieved, offering great resistance, quality durability, speed and above all safety and economy, also doing with This makes a great difference to traditional constructions and therefore, far superior to all aspects of prefabricated buildings. The use of the blocks in this constructive system of tongue and groove assembly makes it easy to build walls, even without being an expert or possessing special skills, which allows self-construction. The lock system, characteristic of the block, saves labor and material time, giving obvious advantages over traditional materials.

In the construction of walls, combinations of traditional materials and various structural elements of tongue and groove assembly described above can be used, while maintaining considerable advantages in time and construction costs.

The system additionally includes internal finish plates, panels or the like that are attached to the inner face of the walls constructed with said blocks.

To better understand the characteristics of the invention, the present description is attached, as an integral part thereof, to the drawings with illustrative but not limitative character, which are described below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

Figures 1a and 1b show in a top and bottom perspective a block for the foundation of the construction system in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 1c and 1d show an upper and lower perspective of the foundation block with greater height than that shown in Figures 1 a and 1 b.

Figures 2a and 2b show in upper and lower perspective the wall block of the construction system, in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 2c and 2d illustrate in upper and lower perspective corner block of the construction system, in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 3a and 3b show the top or bottom block in top and bottom perspective, in accordance with the present invention.

Figures 4a, 4b and 4c illustrate a top view, a right side view and a left side view of the wall block in accordance with the present invention.

Figure 5 illustrates an upper section of a wall with the wall blocks in a construction showing the grip with a mezzanine slab and roof. Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d illustrate top views of wall blocks with vertical strips for the installation of pipelines of electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

Figure 6e illustrates a side view of a wall block with a horizontal outlet for the installation of pipelines of electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

Figure 7 shows a top view of two blocks for mu with rectangular sacks, which define a perimeter take-off for placement of a window or door frame.

Figure 8 shows a front view of a wall constructed with the building system blocks of the present invention, showing the outlets for the electrical installation for example.

Figure 9 shows a conventional perspective view of the assembly of foundation blocks in the embodiment comprising only two transverse channels in the upper face, such as the wall blocks, which are anchored with fixing bolts.

Figure 10 illustrates a coupling perspective of the blocks illustrated in Figures 1a to 1d for two-story buildings.

For a better understanding of the invention, a detailed description of some of the modalities thereof will be shown, shown in the drawings which, for illustrative but non-limiting purposes, are attached to this description.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The characteristic details of the construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly are clearly shown in the following description and in the illustrative drawings attached, serving the same reference signs to indicate the same parts.

In Figures 1a and 1c showing an upper and lower perspective, respectively, of an embodiment of the foundation block when it has a lower height for the construction system in accordance with the present invention, wherein said foundation block 1 consists of a prismatic body rectangular comprising on its upper face 2 a longitudinal central channel 3 and three transverse channels 4 separated from each other, comprising a vertical central channel 5 on the side face 6 and a vertical center edge 7 on the opposite side face 8; on its lower face 9 it comprises a longitudinal central edge 10 and two transverse edges 11 spaced apart from each other, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for the tongue and groove coupling between attached blocks with wall blocks.

In this mode, the block comprises dimensions of 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 12.5 cm high.

Figures 1b and 1d show an upper and lower perspective, respectively, of another of the modalities of the foundation block 1 "with greater height consisting of a rectangular prismatic body comprising on its upper face 2 'a longitudinal central channel 3 'and three transverse channels 4' separated from each other, comprising a vertical central channel 5 'on the side face 6' and a vertical center edge 7 'on the opposite side face 8'; on its bottom face 9 'comprises a central edge longitudinal 10 'and two transverse edges 11' spaced from each other, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for tongue and groove coupling between attached blocks with wall blocks.

In this second modality of the foundation block, it has the following dimensions: 35 cm long, 17.5 cm wide and 20 cm high. So it has greater height.

In both embodiments, the foundation block shown in Figures 1a to 1d, comprises transverse holes 12 to receive anchor bolts 13 to anchor two foundation blocks 1 and / or 1 'attached and offer a foundation anchor for two attached walls. Figures 2a, 2b, 4a to 4c illustrate a top perspective, a bottom perspective, a top, bottom and side view of a wall block, in. wherein said wall block 14 as well as the foundation block 1 in the embodiment shown in Figures 1a and 1c is defined by a rectangular prismatic body comprising on its upper face 2 "a longitudinal central channel 3" and two transverse channels 4 "separated from each other, comprising a vertical central channel 5" on the lateral face 6 "and a vertical central edge 7" on the opposite lateral face 8 "; on its lower face 9" it comprises a longitudinal central edge 10 "and two transverse edges 11 "spaced from each other, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for the tongue and groove coupling between attached blocks with wall blocks.

With reference to Figures 2c and 2d illustrating the upper and lower perspective corner block of the construction system, in accordance with the present invention. In said figures, the corner block 39 comprises the same configuration as the wall blocks 14, whereby the same numerical references are used to indicate the same parts; but also on its inner face it includes a vertical channel 40 in a position coinciding with one of the transverse channels 4 "of the upper face, which is adapted to engage in a row of the wall and mainly in a corner, whose vertical channel 40 is adapted receive the vertical center edge 7 "of one of the side faces of a wall block 14 and generate a coupling and tie in the corners. In figure 2c the vertical channel 40 is arranged on the inner face near one end of the block, in figure 2d it is shown that it can also be positioned on the inner face near the opposite end.

It is also evident that the corner wall 39 may comprise instead of the vertical channel 40, a vertical edge (not shown) that can be arranged in a corner in the vertical channel 5 "of one of the side faces of a block of wall 14.

Also, said corner block may not comprise on its lateral faces the vertical channel 5 "as a female element, nor the vertical central edge 7" as a male element or the female element, since these, depending on the arrangement, may no longer be necessary. , as in the case of figure 2d where it no longer comprises the vertical central edge 7 "on the side face 8". Referring to Figures 3a and 3b showing the top or bottom block in top and bottom perspective, in accordance with the present invention. Said finishing block 15 is defined by a rectangular prismatic body comprising in its upper face 16 a longitudinal central channel 17 and a transverse channel 18, comprising a vertical central channel 19 on the side face 20 and a vertical central edge 21 on the face opposite side 22; on its lower face 23 it comprises a longitudinal central edge 24 and a transverse edge 25, which are coincident in position and dimensions with the channels of the upper face for the tongue and groove coupling between attached blocks with wall blocks. With reference to Figure 5, an upper section of a wall formed with the wall blocks 14 is illustrated in a construction showing the grip with a mezzanine slab or ceiling, formed by a concrete firm 26 with a lower mesh 27 embedded in the firm, showing the reinforcing steel 28 and polystyrene plates 29 supported by tablaroca plates 30 which is supported by a mount 31, where the concrete firm at its ends rests on the wall 32 formed by the blocks of wall 14.

Other types of mezzanines or ceilings such as those formed by corrugated sheets or other types of mezzanines and ceilings, such as those that use corrugated sheet with welded mesh and concrete layer, among other modalities.

Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 6e illustrate upper islets of blocks for wall 14 with vertical serves 33 on the inner face 34 of the blocks, which can be a single serve or two serves that may be in the center or on the banks of the inner face of block 14; which are adapted for the installation of pipelines of electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

Figure 6d shows the preferred embodiment of the invention where the block comprises a vertical serve 33 in a position coinciding with one of the transverse channels 4 "of the upper face, although it may be in the position of the opposite end coinciding with the transverse channel. opposite 4 "from the upper face. A side view of a wall block 14 with a horizontal serve 35 on the inner face 34 is illustrated in Figure 6e which in the arrangement with similar blocks defines horizontal cavities for the installation of pipelines of electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations.

Figure 7 shows a top view of two blocks for wall 14 with rectangular strips 36 on one of the attached side faces, which define a perimetral take-off for the placement of a window or door frame 37.

In figure 8 a front view of a wall constructed with the building system blocks of the present invention is shown, showing the vertical strips 33 for the electrical installation for example; wherein one of the wall blocks 14 comprises a rectangular or quadrangular serve 38 for the installation of the register boxes or contact control plates and / or electrical switches.

Figure 9 shows the assembly of foundation blocks in the mode where it comprises only two channels transverse to the longitudinal central channel, which are anchored with fixing bolts 13 for better grip and coupling in a building.

A coupling perspective of the foundation blocks is illustrated in Figure 10 where first foundation blocks 1 are arranged in two parallel rows coupled by fastening bolts 13 and second foundation blocks 1 'are arranged transversely on said first foundation blocks illustrated in figures 1c to 1d for two-story buildings. The arrangement of the blocks can be in two rows at the base to strengthen the support and support of the work.

The invention has been described sufficiently that a Person with average knowledge in the field can reproduce and obtain the results mentioned in the present invention. However, any skilled person in the field of the art that is in charge of the present invention may be able to make modifications not described in the present application, however, if for the application of these modifications in a given structure or in the manufacturing process thereof, the matter claimed in the following claims is required, said structures must be included within the scope of the invention.

Claims

CLAIMS Having sufficiently described the invention, the content of the following claims clauses is claimed as property. 1. - Construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly of the type consisting of several blocks with male elements and female elements attachable in tongue and groove form for the formation of temporary or permanent walls or walls, characterized by comprising foundation blocks, blocks for wall and finishing or closing blocks; said foundation and wall blocks comprise a rectangular prismatic body with a vertical central channel in one of the lateral faces and a vertical central edge in the opposite lateral face, comprising in its lower face a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced between yes; said wall blocks comprise in its upper face a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels separated from each other; said foundation block comprises in its upper face a longitudinal central channel and three transverse channels separated from each other; said finishing or closing block consists of a substantially cubic body that comprises in its upper face two central channels that cross defining a cross and in the lower face it comprises two central edges that cross defining another cross, comprising a vertical central channel in a of the side faces and a vertical edge on the opposite side face. 2. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, in accordance with the claim 1, characterized in that it also includes corner blocks consisting of a rectangular prismatic body which in its lower face comprises a longitudinal central edge and two transverse edges spaced apart; on its upper face they comprise a longitudinal central channel and two transverse channels separated from each other; and with or without a vertical central channel on one of the side faces; also including in its internal face a vertical channel and / or a vertical edge in position coinciding with one of the transverse channels of the upper face, which is adapted to engage in a row of the wall and mainly in a corner, whose vertical channel or Vertical edge is adapted to receive the vertical central edge or the corresponding vertical central channel of one of the side faces of a wall block. 3. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claim 1, characterized in that said foundation blocks comprise in its upper face only two channels transverse to the longitudinal central channel.  4. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claims 1 and 3, characterized in that said foundation blocks comprise transverse holes to receive anchor bolts to anchor two attached foundation blocks and offer a foundation anchor for two attached walls. 5. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated blocks of tongue and groove assembly, in accordance with rei indication 4, characterized in that said transverse holes comprise a metal jacket to offer greater resistance. 6. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claims 1 to 5, characterized in that said foundation blocks and / or for wall and / or termination or enclosure comprises on its inner face sacks vertical or horizontal in different positions so that a group of contiguous blocks in their vertical or horizontal arrangement define a continuous vertical or horizontal continuous serve for the disposal of pipelines for electrical, hydraulic, sanitary or other installations. 7. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claim 1, characterized in that some of said wall blocks comprise on their inner face a rectangular or quadrangular socket attached to a vertical or horizontal socket for the installation of register boxes or contact control plates and / or electrical switches. 8. The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claim 1, characterized in that some of said wall blocks and some termination or enclosure blocks comprise in one of the lateral faces a straight vertical pull , which when arranged in an arrangement to leave a door or window opening define a perimeter take-off for the placement of a window or door frame. 9. The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claim 1, characterized in that it also comprises internal finish plates, panels or the like that are attached to the face internal walls built with these blocks. 10. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to the preceding claims, characterized in that said blocks are made of adobe, concrete emptied by gravity, pressed, set in the open air; plastic parts injected under pressure at high temperatures and pieces of agglomerable materials with high pressure resins; Among other materials. 11. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said blocks are made of a composition consisting preferably of a mixture of sand, gravel or granule, cement, additives to waterproof them and to harden them, resins and water. 12. - The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claim 11, characterized in that said composition for the manufacture of the blocks further comprises a mixture of adobe soil with cement. 13.- The construction system of walls based on prefabricated tongue and groove assembly blocks, according to claim 11, characterized in that said composition for the manufacture of the blocks further comprises a mixture of adobe and straw soil.