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WO2013019173A1 - Générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil éolien à système anti-panne basse-tension - Google Patents

Générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil éolien à système anti-panne basse-tension Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013019173A1
WO2013019173A1 PCT/US2011/045825 US2011045825W WO2013019173A1 WO 2013019173 A1 WO2013019173 A1 WO 2013019173A1 US 2011045825 W US2011045825 W US 2011045825W WO 2013019173 A1 WO2013019173 A1 WO 2013019173A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
induction generator
squirrel
cage induction
voltage
squirrel cage
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/045825
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter Weichbold
Martin Fischer
Dejan RACA
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
American Superconductor Corp
Original Assignee
American Superconductor Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by American Superconductor Corp filed Critical American Superconductor Corp
Priority to CN201180072549.6A priority Critical patent/CN103874851B/zh
Priority to PCT/US2011/045825 priority patent/WO2013019173A1/fr
Publication of WO2013019173A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013019173A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F03D9/255—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator connected to electrical distribution networks; Arrangements therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/24—Arrangements for preventing or reducing oscillations of power in networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/06—Control effected upon clutch or other mechanical power transmission means and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/46—Control of asynchronous generator by variation of capacitor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • This invention relates to generators of electrical energy, and in particular, to wind turbines.
  • a common type of wind-powered generator is a squirrel cage induction generator.
  • a current needs to be maintained in the stator windings, or else no current can be induced on the squirrel cage. This current can come from the power grid itself.
  • Older induction generators used in wind turbines lack adequate low- voltage ride through capabilities. Because of this large installed base of induction generators, it is most economical to retrofit existing generators rather than to replace them.
  • Known retrofit configurations rely on an uninterrupted power supplies or on voltage restorers. These are inserted in series between the wind turbine's transformer and the remainder of the electrical system.
  • the invention features an apparatus for generating electricity from wind.
  • Such an apparatus includes a wind-driven rotor; a transformer; a squirrel-cage induction generator, and a grid clutch.
  • the squirrel cage induction generator includes a squirrel cage rotor driven by the wind-driven rotor for providing power to a utility grid via the transformer.
  • the grid clutch disengages the squirrel-cage induction generator from the grid in response to a voltage sag and controls a speed of the squirrel-cage rotor during the voltage sag.
  • the grid clutch includes an excitation condenser, a condenser switch, and a dynamic brake in parallel with the excitation condenser.
  • the condenser switch selectively connects the excitation condenser to the stator windings.
  • the dynamic brake includes a brake switch for selectively diverting current to a dump resistor for dissipation of energy.
  • a clutch controller for controlling the brake switch and the condenser switch.
  • Some of these embodiments also include a sensor system in communication with the clutch controller. The sensor system provides information used by the clutch controller for controlling the brake switch and the condenser switch.
  • the grid clutch further includes a static transfer switch.
  • the grid clutch further includes a clutch controller for controlling the static transfer switch, the brake switch, and the condenser switch.
  • a clutch controller include a sensor system connected to the clutch controller for providing the clutch controller with information for controlling the static transfer switch, the brake switch, and the condenser switch.
  • Yet other embodiments are those in which the grid clutch has a static transfer switch for selectively connecting the stator windings to the transformer. Some of these embodiments also include a clutch controller for controlling the static transfer switch. Among these embodiments are those that also include a sensor system for providing, to the clutch controller, information to be used in controlling the static transfer switch.
  • the invention features an apparatus for generating electricity from wind.
  • Such an apparatus includes a wind-driven rotor; a transformer; a squirrel-cage induction generator having a squirrel cage rotor driven by the wind-driven collection surface for providing power to a utility grid via the transformer; means for selectively engaging and disengaging the squirrel-cage induction generator from the utility grid in response to a voltage sag; and means for controlling a speed of the squirrel-cage rotor during the voltage sag.
  • Another aspect of the invention is a method for causing a wind-driven squirrel cage induction generator to ride through a low- voltage event on a utility grid.
  • Such a method includes detecting a low voltage event; in response to the low voltage event, disconnecting the squirrel cage induction generator from the utility grid; and while the squirrel cage induction generator is disconnected from the utility grid, causing the squirrel cage induction generator to maintain a voltage and current having a specified characteristic.
  • causing the squirrel cage induction generator to maintain a voltage and current having a specified characteristic includes selectively causing charge to flow into stator windings of the squirrel cage induction generator.
  • causing the squirrel cage induction generator to maintain a voltage and current having a specified characteristic includes selectively causing current to be induced in a squirrel cage rotor of the squirrel cage induction generator.
  • Alternative practices of the invention also include those in which causing the squirrel cage induction generator to maintain a voltage and current having a specified characteristic includes selectively dissipating power generated by the squirrel cage induction generator.
  • causing the squirrel cage induction generator to maintain a voltage and current having a specified characteristic further includes selectively causing charge to flow into stator windings of the squirrel cage induction generator.
  • causing the squirrel cage induction generator to maintain a voltage and current having a specified characteristic includes: monitoring electrical output of the squirrel cage induction generator; and in response to monitored electrical output, selectively connecting a condenser to the induction squirrel cage induction generator.
  • causing the squirrel cage induction generator to maintain a voltage and current having a specified characteristic further includes: in response to monitored electrical output, selectively dissipating power generated by the induction generator.
  • Yet other practices of the invention include the further steps of detecting restoration of line voltage on the utility grid; and in response, reconnecting the squirrel- cage induction generator to the utility grid.
  • FIG. 1 shows a configuration for a retrofitted squirrel-cage induction generator in a wind turbine.
  • FIG. 1 shows a wind-driven rotor 10 in mechanical communication with a gearbox 12.
  • the gearbox 12 turns a squirrel cage rotor in a squirrel-cage induction generator for providing electric power to an electric utility grid 15 via a grid- side transformer 18.
  • a grid clutch 20 between the generator 14 and the wind-driven rotor 10 selectively engages and disengages the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 from the transformer 18 in response to an instruction from a clutch controller 22.
  • the grid clutch 20 includes a static transfer switch 24 disposed to selectively interrupt current on a main bus 26 between the transformer 18 and the squirrel-cage induction generator 14.
  • a typical static transfer switch 24 includes, for each phase, a pair of thyristors 28A, 28B in parallel but having opposite polarities, with thyristor gate currents under control of the clutch controller 22.
  • the grid clutch 20 also includes an excitation condenser 32 connected to the main bus 26.
  • a condenser switch 34 under control of the clutch controller 22 selectively connects and disconnects the excitation condenser 32 from the main bus 26.
  • the power-factor controlling condensers may not be rated for the larger currents necessary to provide excitation current.
  • a separate and additional condenser bank implements the excitation condenser 32.
  • the power- factor controlling condensers should be disconnected from the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 when the excitation condenser 32 is to be connected to the squirrel-cage induction generator 14.
  • a dynamic brake 30 In parallel with the excitation condenser 32 is a dynamic brake 30 having a diode bridge 35 that rectifies the generator voltage, a brake switch 36 under control of the clutch controller 22, and a dump resistor 38 in parallel with the brake switch 36.
  • the clutch controller 22 selectively causes current to pass through the dump resistor 38, thereby dissipating excess energy as heat. This, in turn, allows the clutch controller 22 to govern the speed of rotation of the squirrel-cage rotor at the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 when the static transfer switch 24 has disengaged the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 from the transformer 18.
  • the clutch controller 22 controls the static transfer switch 24, the condenser switch 34, and the brake switch 36 in response to measurements provided by three sensors: a transformer-side voltage sensor 40 for sensing transformer voltage, a generator-side voltage sensor 42 for sensing generator voltage, and a generator-side current sensor 44 for sensing generator current.
  • the transformer-side voltage sensor 40 is disposed between the static transfer switch 24 and the transformer 18 so that the clutch controller 22 can monitor the voltage at the grid 15 even if the static transfer switch 24 is open.
  • the generator-side voltage sensor 42 and the generator-side current sensor 44 are disposed between the static transfer switch 24 and the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 so that these quantities can be measured even if the static transfer switch 24 has disengaged the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 from the transformer 18.
  • the clutch controller 22 In response to detecting a voltage sag via the transformer-side voltage sensor 40, the clutch controller 22 commands the static transfer switch 24. Since a thyristor automatically stops conducting when current falls below a threshold, the static transfer switch 24 opens at the next zero crossing of the current. In addition, the clutch controller 22 closes the condenser switch 34, thus enabling reactive current for generator excitation to be supplied from charge stored on the excitation condenser 32. To maintain generator speed, the clutch controller 22 selectively opens and closes the brake switch 36, thereby selectively causing energy to be dissipated by the dump resistor 38. In a three-phase circuit, there would be one static transfer switch 24 for each phase.
  • the clutch controller 22 also senses, via the transformer-side voltage sensor 40, a recovery in grid voltage that would be sufficient to re-engage the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 and the grid 15. Upon sensing such a recovery, the clutch controller 22 begins the re-engagement procedure by re-synchronizing the voltage generated by the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 with the voltage prevailing at the grid 15. It does so by controlling the dynamic brake 30 so as to align the phase angles of the generator voltage and the grid voltage.
  • the voltage magnitude at the squirrel-cage induction generator 14 may not be the same as that prevailing on the grid 15 at this point, re-synchronization can still be carried out by, for each phase, causing the static transfer switch 24 to re-engage that phase at its next zero crossing.
  • a wind-powered generator as described herein has difficulty in participating in voltage control of the grid 15 by injecting reactive current.
  • some embodiments also feature a three-phase converter that can be used to inject reactive current. To the extent such a converter is used only transiently, during a voltage sag, no cooling system would be required.
  • the retro-fitted configuration is also simpler than those in the prior art because it requires only a minimal number of additional components. To the extent simplicity breeds reliability, the foregoing retro-fitted configuration would also be more reliable than those in the prior art.
  • the foregoing configuration operates the squirrel- cage induction generator 14 in a self-excitation mode and maintains the speed of its squirrel cage rotor within circumscribed limits.
  • the clutch controller 22 is a processing system that executes clutch control instructions stored as software, firmware, or a combination of both on a tangible and non-transitory computer readable medium. Such a processing system includes various semiconductor devices that cooperate to manipulate positive and negative charge carriers contained therein.
  • the clutch control instructions cooperate to execute a method for controlling the switches in response to measurements from the sensors described above.
  • the method is tied to a particular machine that comprises at least the foregoing switches and sensors.
  • the foregoing switches are clearly made of matter as that term is understood by those of skill in the art.
  • the opening and closing of switches is clearly a transformation of matter. Therefore, the method is not only tied to a particular machine as described above, its execution also results in a transformation of matter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)

Abstract

Un appareil destiné à produire de l'électricité à partir du vent comprend un rotor éolien ; un transformateur ; un générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil et un enclenchement de réseau. Le générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil comprend un rotor de cage d'écureuil entraîné par le rotor éolien pour fournir de l'énergie à un réseau public par le biais du transformateur. L'enclenchement de réseau sépare le générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil du réseau en réaction à une baisse de tension soudaine et régule une vitesse du rotor à cage d'écureuil au cours de la baisse de tension soudaine.
PCT/US2011/045825 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil éolien à système anti-panne basse-tension Ceased WO2013019173A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201180072549.6A CN103874851B (zh) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 具有低电压穿越的风力鼠笼式感应发电机
PCT/US2011/045825 WO2013019173A1 (fr) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil éolien à système anti-panne basse-tension

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/US2011/045825 WO2013019173A1 (fr) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil éolien à système anti-panne basse-tension

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013019173A1 true WO2013019173A1 (fr) 2013-02-07

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PCT/US2011/045825 Ceased WO2013019173A1 (fr) 2011-07-29 2011-07-29 Générateur à induction à cage d'écureuil éolien à système anti-panne basse-tension

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN103874851B (fr)
WO (1) WO2013019173A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3012936A1 (fr) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 General Electric Company Système de générateur à induction avec capacité de perte de réseau sans pannes
IT201600096849A1 (it) * 2016-09-28 2018-03-28 D&M Holding S P A Sistema di generazione di energia elettrica in isola per l'alimentazione di un carico esterno

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070052244A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2007-03-08 Xantrex Technology Inc. Control system for doubly fed induction generator
JP2008067452A (ja) * 2006-09-05 2008-03-21 Univ Of Ryukyus 誘導発電機の系統並列装置
US20100002475A1 (en) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 American Superconductor Corporation Low voltage ride through
CN101989829A (zh) * 2010-09-19 2011-03-23 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 定桨失速型风力发电机组的低电压穿越控制系统

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070052244A1 (en) * 2003-05-02 2007-03-08 Xantrex Technology Inc. Control system for doubly fed induction generator
JP2008067452A (ja) * 2006-09-05 2008-03-21 Univ Of Ryukyus 誘導発電機の系統並列装置
US20100002475A1 (en) * 2008-07-01 2010-01-07 American Superconductor Corporation Low voltage ride through
CN101989829A (zh) * 2010-09-19 2011-03-23 浙江运达风电股份有限公司 定桨失速型风力发电机组的低电压穿越控制系统

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3012936A1 (fr) * 2014-10-21 2016-04-27 General Electric Company Système de générateur à induction avec capacité de perte de réseau sans pannes
IT201600096849A1 (it) * 2016-09-28 2018-03-28 D&M Holding S P A Sistema di generazione di energia elettrica in isola per l'alimentazione di un carico esterno
WO2018060921A1 (fr) * 2016-09-28 2018-04-05 D&M Holding S.P.A. Système de production d'énergie autonome pour fournir une charge externe

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103874851B (zh) 2018-02-09
CN103874851A (zh) 2014-06-18

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