WO2013018107A1

WO2013018107A1 - Electrical energy transformation assembly

Info

Publication number: WO2013018107A1
Application number: PCT/IT2011/000274
Authority: WO
Inventors: Ernesto D'ANTUONO
Original assignee: ENERGIA EUROPA Srl
Current assignee: ENERGIA EUROPA Srl
Priority date: 2011-08-01
Filing date: 2011-08-01
Publication date: 2013-02-07
Anticipated expiration: 2014-02-01

Abstract

An electrical energy transformation assembly (1 ) supplied by a power source (A) for appropriately supplying power to a load (L) that comprises a primary winding (2) connected to the power source (A) and electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding (3) connected to the load (L). The transformation assembly (1) involves the primary winding (2) comprising two portions (21, 22), wherein a principal portion (21 ) extends between a first point (PO) and a second point (P1 ), and the second portion (22) extends from a second point (P1 ) to a third point (P2), and it is dimensioned so that the value of the voltage (V_P0-P2) established between the first point (PO) and the third point (P2) of the primary winding (2) is in the range defined by the voltage (V_kvp), applied to the principal portion (21 ) multiplied by the coefficients 1.2043 - 2% and 1.2043 + 2%; the value of the voltage (V_S0-S1) between the first end (SO) and the second end (S1 ) of the secondary winding (3) is in the range defined by the voltage (V_kvp), multiplied by the coefficient 0.1021 - 5% and 0.1021 + 5%; the value of the current (I_PO-P1) flowing through the principal portion (21 ) is in the range defined by the current (l_kas) flowing through the secondary winding multiplied by the coefficients 0.1 133 - 5% and 0.1 133 + 5%; the value of the current (I_P1-P2) flowing in the second portion (22) is in the range defined by the current (l_kas) multiplied by the coefficients 0.0940 - 5% and 0.0940 + 5%; the value of the magnetic induction relating to the configuration defined by the first point (P0) and the third point (P2) of the first winding (2) and of the second winding (3) is in the range defined by the coefficient of magnetic induction (C_kim) for the configuration defined by the principal portion (21 ) and by the secondary winding (3) multiplied by the coefficients 0.9965 - 0.03% and 0.9965 + 0.03%.

Description

ELECTRICAL ENERGY TRANSFORMA ION ASSEMBLY

DESCRIPTION

The present invention relates to an improved electrical energy transformation assembly, supplied by an external power source, such as the mains power supply network, in order to appropriately supply an electrical load.

The invention also relates to a three-phase transformer, each phase of which comprises one of the above-mentioned transformation assemblies according to the invention.

It is common knowledge that a transformer is a static electrical machine capable of converting the values of the input electrical quantities, i.e. the input voltage Vj and the input current lj, into suitable output values V₀ and l₀, for supplying a load connected downstream from said transformer.

It is also common knowledge that a transformer generally incurs energy losses due to various factors, such as the loss in potential due to the Joule effect in the windings, or the losses due to dispersion of the flows.

These unwanted losses coincide with a high energy consumption during the operation of a transformer and a consequently reduced efficiency.

The present invention aims to overcome the aforesaid drawbacks.

In particular, the main object of the invention is to produce an electrical energy transformation assembly capable of achieving a high degree of energy saving by the load by comparison with the transformer machines according to the known state of the art.

In particular, one object of the present invention is to produce an electrical energy transformation assembly capable of attenuating the harmonics contained in the signals of the electrical quantities involved.

Another object of the present invention is to produce a transformation assembly capable of attenuating the distortions coming from the power supply network.

A further object of the present invention is to produce a transformation assembly capable of attenuating the inrush current peaks when the transformer starts up, with a balancing of the energy transmission.

Another object of the invention is to produce a transformation assembly capable of attenuating the current peaks in the waveforms at the rated frequency.

A further, not necessarily last object of the invention is to produce a transformation assembly capable of optimising the regulation of the energy transmission.

The aforesaid objects are achieved by the transformation assembly according to the invention, the characteristics of which are described in the main claim. In particular, the transformation assembly according to the invention comprises a primary winding electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding, wherein the primary winding comprises at least two adjacent portions of suitably dimensioned winding.

In particular, the various elements comprising the transformation assembly according to the invention are dimensioned with reference to the rated voltages established on one of the aforesaid two portions (considered as the principal portion), the rated current identified on the secondary winding, and the value of the magnetic induction relating to the configuration defined by said principal portion of the primary winding and secondary winding.

Said reference values are multiplied by specific ratio coefficients, described in detail below, that enable the dimensioning of the various elements forming part of the transformation assembly according to the invention, thereby achieving a high level of efficiency.

Further characteristics of the transformation assembly according to the invention are described in the dependent claims.

The invention also relates to the three-phase transformer, each phase of which is made with a transformation assembly according to the invention.

The above-mentioned objects and advantages are further illustrated in a description of several preferred embodiments of the invention that are given below as non-limiting examples with reference to the attached drawings, wherein:

- fig. 1 schematically represents a first embodiment of the transformation assembly according to the invention;

- fig. 2 schematically represents a second embodiment of the transformation assembly according to the invention;

- fig. 3 schematically represents a third embodiment of the transformation assembly according to the invention; - fig. 4 schematically represents a fourth embodiment of the transformation assembly according to the invention;

- fig. 5 schematically represents a fifth embodiment of the transformation assembly according to the invention;

- fig. 6 schematically represents a sixth embodiment of the transformation assembly according to the invention;

- fig. 7 schematically illustrates the use of the three-phase transformer according to the invention;

- fig. 8 shows two graphs comparing the energy consumption of a commercial complex respectively using (in the "saving" configuration) or not using (in the "bypass" configuration) the three-phase transformer according to the invention.

The transformation assembly according to the invention is globally illustrated in figures from 1 to 6, where it is identified by the numeral 1.

It should be noted that in all the embodiments that are described separately below, the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention, for the transformation of the electrical energy supplied from a power source in order to appropriately supply a load, comprises a primary winding 2 connected to the above-mentioned power source and electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding 3, connected in turn to a load.

The first embodiment of the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention is shown in fig. 1 , which shows that the primary winding 2 comprises two portions 21 and 22 of winding connected electrically in series.

In particular, in this embodiment of the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention, there is a principal portion 21 extending from a first point P0 to a second point P1 of the primary winding 2, while the second portion of winding 22 extends from said a second point P1 to a third point indicated in fig. 1 as P2.

Again according to the invention, the transformation assembly 1 is dimensioned so that the value of the voltage Vp₀-P2 established between the first point P0 and the third point P2 of the primary winding 2 - and therefore, in this embodiment, the voltage value established on the whole primary winding 2 - is in the range defined by the voltage V_kvp applied to the principal portion 21 multiplied by the coefficients 1.2043 - 2% and 1.2043 + 2%.

In particular, the value established for the voltage VPO-P2 is preferably, but not necessarily, the result of Vkv multiplied by the coefficient 1.2043.

According to the invention, moreover, the dimensioning of the transformation assembly 1 must be such that the value of the voltage Vso-si between the first end SO and the second end S1 of the secondary winding 3 is in the range defined by said voltage V_kvp multiplied by the coefficients 0.1021 - 5% and 0.1021 + 5%.

Here again, the value of Vso-si is preferably, but not necessarily, obtained by multiplying the voltage V_kvp by the coefficient 0.1021.

To adequately dimension the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention, the value of the current IPO-PI that flows through the main portion 21 of the primary winding 2 must also be defined.

In particular, said current value IPO-PI is in the range defined by the current Ikas flowing in the secondary winding 3 multiplied by the coefficients 0.1133 - 5% and 0.1133 + 5%.

The value of the current IPO-PI is preferably, but not necessarily, the current Ikas multiplied by the coefficient 0.1133.

Likewise, the value of the current Ip-i.p2 flowing in the second portion 22 shall be in the range defined by said current lk_as multiplied by the coefficients 0.0940 - 5% and 0.0940 + 5%.

More precisely, the value of the current IPI.P2 is the current Ikas multiplied by the coefficient 0.0940.

Finally, the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention is dimensioned so that the value of the magnetic induction relating to the configuration defined by the primary winding 2, extending between the first point P0 and the third point P2, and by the secondary winding 3 is in the range defined by the coefficient of magnetic induction Ckim relating to the configuration comprising the principal portion 21 of said primary winding 2 and of the secondary winding 3, multiplied by the coefficients 0.9965 - 0.03% and 0.9965 + 0.03%.

Said value of the magnetic induction is preferably, but not necessarily, the coefficient of magnetic induction Ckim multiplied by the coefficient 0.9965.

A second embodiment of the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention, shown in fig. 2, involves a further portion 23 being added to the primary winding 2 of said first embodiment shown in fig. 1 , which has all the same characteristics as those amply described above, extending from the third point P2 up to a fourth point P3.

Here again, said portion 23 is dimensioned so that the value of the voltage VP_O-P3 established between the first point P0 and the fourth point P3 of the primary winding 2 is in the range defined by said voltage Vk_Vp multiplied by the coefficients 1.5149 - 2% and 1.5149 + 2%.

More precisely, said embodiment involves the voltage value Vp₀.p3 to obtain being the result of the voltage V_KVP multiplied by the coefficient 1.5149.

The value of the current IP2-P3 flowing through said third portion 23 is in the range defined by the current Ikas multiplied by the coefficients 0.0748 - 5% and 0.0748 + 5%.

Said current value Ip2- 3 flowing through said third portion 23 is preferably, but not necessarily, Ikas multiplied by 0.0748.

A third embodiment of the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention is shown in fig. 3, where a fourth portion 24 is added to the primary winding 2 of the transformation assembly 1 in its above-described second embodiment, extending from the fourth point P3 to a fifth point P4.

Here again, said fourth portion 24 is dimensioned so that the value of the voltage V_P0-P4 established between the first point P0 and said fifth point P4 of the primary winding 2 is in the range defined by the voltage V_KVP multiplied by the coefficients 2.0851 - 2% and 2.0851 + 2%.

More precisely, said voltage value V_P0-P4 coincides with the voltage Vkvp multiplied by the coefficient 2.0851.

In addition, the dimensioning of said fourth portion 24 is such that the value of the current Ip3-P4 flowing through said portion is in the range defined by the current l_kas multiplied by the coefficients 0.0543 - 5% and 0.0543 + 5%.

Here again, said current Ip3-P4 is preferably, but not necessarily, the product of Ikas multiplied by 0.0543.

Figs. 4 to 6 respectively illustrate a fourth, fifth and sixth type of embodiment of the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention.

Generally speaking, all these three further embodiments have a characteristic in common, i.e. the fact that the primary winding 2 comprises a so-called safety portion 25 extending from the first point P0 to a sixth point defined as -P1.

In detail, as shown in fig. 4, the fourth embodiment is simply the first embodiment shown in fig. 1 with the addition of the safety portion 25, and the fifth embodiment coincides with the second embodiment of the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention shown in fig. 2, with the addition of said safety portion 25, as shown in fig. 5.

Said safety portion 25 is what also distinguishes the sixth embodiment of the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention, shown in fig. 6, from the type of transformation assembly 1 shown in fig. 3.

In all three cases of figs. 4, 5 and 6, said safety portion 25 is dimensioned so that the value of the voltage V._Pi._P0 established between the sixth point -P1 and the first point P0 of the primary winding 2 is in the range defined by the voltage V_kVp multiplied by the coefficients 0.6383 - 2% and 0.6383 + 2%; in particular, said voltage V._Pi._P0 acquires the voltage value of V_kvp multiplied by 0.6383. Moreover, said dimensioning enables a current l._Pi-_Po flowing through the safety portion 25 to be obtained in the range defined by said current Uas multiplied by the coefficients 0.0691 - 5% and 0.0691 + 5%.

Here again, the current value l._Pi._Po flowing through the safety portion 25 is preferably, but not necessarily, the current Ikas multiplied by the coefficient 0.0691.

As for the methods used to dimension the various elements in the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention described so far, in order to obtain the voltage and current values required, these include choosing a suitable number of turns on the two windings 2 and 3 and/or choosing a suitable cross-section for the conductor used to make said primary and secondary windings 2 and 3, and/or choosing the type and size of the ferromagnetic material on which said primary 2 and secondary 3 windings are wound.

As concerns the value of the voltage V_kvp taken as a reference for the dimensioning of the various elements in the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention, this may preferably, but not necessarily, coincide with the rated voltage of the mains power supply network.

It is nonetheless possible, in different embodiments of the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention, for said voltage value V_kvp to be higher or lower than the mains voltage.

Likewise, for the coefficient of magnetic induction Ckim, this preferably, but not necessarily, has a typical value in the range of 0.9 to 1.5 Tesla.

Here again, however, it may be that the established value differs from said typical value in the range of 0.9 to 1.5 Tesla. As for the current I_kas, this obviously depends on the load connected to the secondary winding 3 on the transformation assembly 1, and can consequently only be decided in the design stage.

As explained previously, the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention can be used as a separate, single-phase transformer, or it may be used to make a three-phase transformer 100.

In particular, the present invention also concerns a three-phase transformer 100, wherein each phase comprises a transformation assembly 1 as described above.

Operatively, the three-phase transformer 100 according to the invention is connected to a power source A, as illustrated schematically in fig. 7, comprising a three-phase circuit for enabling the transformation of the electrical quantities received as input and adapting them to a load L of three-phase type located downstream from said three-phase transformer 100. From experiments conducted by the applicant, as shown in the diagram in fig. 8, the use of the three-phase transformer 100 according to the invention enables an energy saving of no less than 0% to be obtained by comparison with the use of a transformation system according to the known state of the art. In particular, these tests were conducted at a commercial complex covering approximately 6000 m² and lasted for six days, during three of which the three-phase transformer 100 according to the invention was used, while for the other three days said transformer 100 was bypassed.

The loads at the above-mentioned commercial complex consisted of approximately 8% for electronic equipment, 77% for lighting, 5% for escalators, and 10% for lifts.

From the two graphs 200 and 300 shown in fig. 8, where the graph on the left (200) represents the outcome of the test with the three-phase transformer 100 according to the invention enabled, while the one on the right (300) represents the outcome of the test with said transformer 100 bypassed, it is clear that in both cases the energy consumption has three peaks 201 and 301 during a 24-hour period coinciding with daytime hours and three troughs 202 and 302 relating to night-time hours, i.e. when the energy consumption is determined exclusively by electronic equipment operating around the clock.

Basically, from a comparison between the two graphs 200 and 300, it is clear that the use of the three-phase transformer 100 according to the invention coincided with a total consumption 203 of 7,107.8 kWh and a mean power absorbed 204 of 98,743.05 W, while during the days of measurements without said transformer 100 enabled the total consumption 303 was 7,919.6 kWh and the mean power absorbed 304 was 109,951.6 W.

It can consequently be claimed that using the transformer 100 according to the invention achieved a saving 401 of 811.8 kWh altogether (270.6 kWh per day) with a consequent monetary saving 402 of approximately 81.18 Euro (27.06 Euro a day) based on the cost of energy in Italy.

Thus, as previously claimed, the percentage energy saving achieved 403, in this particular case, was 10.25%.

Based on the above, it is clear that the transformation assembly 1 according to the invention and the three-phase transformer 100 according to the invention achieve all the previously-stated objects.

In particular, the invention achieves the object of producing an electrical energy transformation assembly capable of obtaining a high degree of energy saving by comparison with the electrical energy transformation machines according to the known state of the art.

In detail, the invention achieves the object of producing an electrical energy transformation assembly capable of attenuating the harmonics contained in the signals of the electrical quantities involved.

In addition, the invention achieves the object of producing a transformation assembly capable of attenuating the distortions coming from the mains power supply.

The invention also achieves the object of producing a transformation assembly capable of attenuating the inrush current peaks during the start-up phase, with the balancing of the energy transmission.

Another object achieved is the production of a transformation assembly capable of attenuating the current peaks in the waveforms at the rated frequency.

A further object achieved by the invention is that it produces a transformation assembly capable of optimizing the control of the energy transmission.

In the executive phase, variants of the transformation assembly according to the invention and of the three-phase transformer according to the invention may be developed and, even though they are not described herein, if they come within the scope of the following claims, they shall be deemed to be covered by the present patent.

Where technical characteristics are indicated in the following claims by means of reference signs, these have been added merely for the purpose of facilitating the reading of the claims and said reference signs shall consequently have no limiting effect on the protected scope of each element identified thereby for explanatory purposes.

Claims

1) An electrical energy transformation assembly (1) supplied by a power source (A) for appropriately supplying a load (L), of the type comprising a primary winding (2) designed to be connected to said power source (A) and electromagnetically coupled to a secondary winding (3) connected to said load (L), characterized in that said primary winding (2) comprises at least two portions (21 , 22), where a principal portion (21) extends between a first point (P0) and a second point (P1), and the second portion (22) extends from said second point (P1) to a third point (P2), and in that said transformation assembly (1) is dimensioned so that:

- the value of the voltage (V_P0-P2) established between said first point (P0) and said third point (P2) of said primary winding (2) is in the range defined by the voltage (V_kVp), applied to the principal portion (21 ), multiplied by the coefficient 1.2043 - 2% and 1.2043 + 2%;

- the value of the voltage (Vso-si) between the first end (SO) and the second end (S1) of said secondary winding (3) is in the range defined by said voltage (V_kvp), multiplied by the coefficients 0.1021 - 5% and 0.1021 + 5%;

- the value of the current (IPO-PI) flowing through said principal portion (21) is in the range defined by the current (Ikas) that flows through said secondary winding multiplied by the coefficients 0.1133 - 5% and 0.1133 + 5%;

- the value of the current (IPI-P2) flowing in said second portion (22) is in the range defined by said current (Ikas) multiplied by the coefficients 0.0940 - 5% and 0.0940 + 5%;

- the value of the magnetic induction for the configuration defined by said first point (P0) and said third point (P2) of said primary winding (2) and said secondary winding (3) is in the range defined by the coefficient of magnetic induction (Ckim) for the configuration defined by said principal portion (21) of said primary winding (2) and said secondary winding (3) multiplied by the coefficients 0.9965 - 0.03% and 0.9965 + 0.03%.

2) A transformation assembly (1) according to claim 1), characterized in that said first winding (2) comprises a third portion (23) extending from said third point (P2) to a fourth point (P3), said third portion (23) being dimensioned so that:

- the value of the voltage (VPO-P₃) established between said first point (P0) and said fourth point (P3) of said primary winding (2) is in the range defined by said voltage (Vk_Vp) multiplied by the coefficients 1 .5149 - 2% and 1 .5149 + 2%;

- the value of the current (IP2-P3) flowing through said third portion (23) is in the range defined by said current (l_kas) multiplied by the coefficients 0.0748 - 5% and 0.0748 + 5%.

3) A transformation assembly (1 ) according to claim 2), characterized in that said primary winding (2) comprises a fourth portion (24) extending from said fourth point (P3) to a fifth point (P4), said fourth portion (24) being dimensioned so that:

- the value of the voltage (Vpo-p₄) established between said first point (P0) and said fifth point (P4) of said primary winding (2) is in the range defined by said voltage (\ _νρ) multiplied by the coefficients 2.0851 - 2% and 2.0851 + 2%;

- the value of the current (Ip3.p₄) flowing through said fourth portion (24) is in the range defined by said current (l_kas) multiplied by the coefficients

0.0543 - 5% and 0.0543 + 5%.

4) A transformation assembly (1 ) according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that said primary winding (2) comprises a safety portion (25) extending from said first point (P0) to a sixth point (-P1 ), said safety portion (25) being dimensioned so that:

- the value of the voltage (V-ρ-ι.ρο) established between said sixth point (-P1 ) and said first point (P0) of said primary winding (2) is in the range defined by said voltage (Vk_Vp) multiplied by the coefficients 0.6383 - 2% and 0.6383 + 2%;

- the value of the current (I-PI-PO) flowing through said safety portion (25) is in the range defined by said current (l_kas) multiplied by the coefficients 0.0691 - 5% and 0.0691 + 5%.

5) A transformation assembly (1 ) according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that said transformation assembly (1) is dimensioned by choosing the number of turns for said primary and secondary windings (2, 3), and/or the cross-section of the conductor used to prepare said primary and secondary windings (2, 3), and/or the type and dimension of the ferromagnetic material on which said primary and secondary windings (2, 3) are wound.

6) A transformation assembly (1 ) according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that said voltage (V_kvp) has a value approximately corresponding to the rated voltage of the mains power supply.

7) A transformation assembly (1) according to any of the previous claims, characterized in that said coefficient of magnetic induction (C_kj_m) has a value typically in the range of 0.9 to 1.5 Tesla.

8) A three-phase transformer (100) designed to be connected to a power source (A) comprising a three-phase circuit for adapting the electrical quantities to a load (L) to supply, characterized in that each of said phases comprises a transformation assembly (1) according to any of the previous claims.