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WO2013002787A1 - Système laser raman à fibre de grande puissance et procédé d'exploitation associé - Google Patents

Système laser raman à fibre de grande puissance et procédé d'exploitation associé Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013002787A1
WO2013002787A1 PCT/US2011/042402 US2011042402W WO2013002787A1 WO 2013002787 A1 WO2013002787 A1 WO 2013002787A1 US 2011042402 W US2011042402 W US 2011042402W WO 2013002787 A1 WO2013002787 A1 WO 2013002787A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rfl
fiber
core
absorber
passive
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/042402
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English (en)
Inventor
Valentin Gapontsev
Nikolai Platonov
Alexander Yusim
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
IPG Photonics Corp
Original Assignee
IPG Photonics Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by IPG Photonics Corp filed Critical IPG Photonics Corp
Priority to PCT/US2011/042402 priority Critical patent/WO2013002787A1/fr
Publication of WO2013002787A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013002787A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/30—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects
    • H01S3/302—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range using scattering effects, e.g. stimulated Brillouin or Raman effects in an optical fibre
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/0675—Resonators including a grating structure, e.g. distributed Bragg reflectors [DBR] or distributed feedback [DFB] fibre lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/05—Construction or shape of optical resonators; Accommodation of active medium therein; Shape of active medium
    • H01S3/06—Construction or shape of active medium
    • H01S3/063—Waveguide lasers, i.e. whereby the dimensions of the waveguide are of the order of the light wavelength
    • H01S3/067—Fibre lasers
    • H01S3/06708—Constructional details of the fibre, e.g. compositions, cross-section, shape or tapering
    • H01S3/06729—Peculiar transverse fibre profile
    • H01S3/06741—Photonic crystal fibre, i.e. the fibre having a photonic bandgap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/094003—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light the pumped medium being a fibre
    • H01S3/094007—Cladding pumping, i.e. pump light propagating in a clad surrounding the active core
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/09—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping
    • H01S3/091—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping
    • H01S3/094—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light
    • H01S3/0941—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode
    • H01S3/09415—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping using optical pumping by coherent light of a laser diode the pumping beam being parallel to the lasing mode of the pumped medium, e.g. end-pumping
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S3/00—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range
    • H01S3/14—Lasers, i.e. devices using stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared, visible or ultraviolet wave range characterised by the material used as the active medium
    • H01S3/16—Solid materials
    • H01S3/1691—Solid materials characterised by additives / sensitisers / promoters as further dopants
    • H01S3/1695—Solid materials characterised by additives / sensitisers / promoters as further dopants germanium

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to scaling of fiber laser output power with high efficiency at any chosen wavelength with a novel cladding pumped Raman fiber laser design.
  • the Ram an fiber laser has become increasingly popular due to its compactness, ruggedness and flexibility, has the potential to be very attractive for industrial and military applications.
  • the RFL is based on stimulated Raman scattering (SRS), a nonlinear optical process whereby photons from a pump beam are converted into lower energy photons of a Stokes beam.
  • SRS stimulated Raman scattering
  • an RFL consists of a passive fiber optimized for Raman gain with fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) on the back end and an output coupler FBG on the front end of the fiber cavity.
  • FBGs can be written directly in Raman optimized passive fiber with an ultraviolet (UV) laser or written in separate pieces of fiber and then spliced onto the ends of the RFL.
  • UV ultraviolet
  • RFLs has two major structural attractive particularities as compared to other types of lasers.
  • One of the advantages of RFLs is that they can produce laser output with good beam quality.
  • RFLs may produce single mode output through the use of fibers with single and multimode mode cores.
  • the second distinctiveness includes generating a wide range of novel laser wavelengths. For example, altering the wavelength of the pump laser of an RFL alters the wavelength of the output Stokes beam. Carefully tailoring the gain medium (through proper choice of dopants) provides even more wavelength flexibility.
  • single mode pumps for the Raman fiber laser are limited in power; therefore, limiting the RFL output power.
  • the fiber choice for RFLs is the laser diode pumped double clad fiber laser (DCFL), as disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,832,006 and 6,363,087, respectively, both, fully incorporated herein by reference.
  • the DCFLs operate in a limited wavelength range, and therefore limit the flexibility of the output wavelength.
  • the disclosed RFL structure includes a Ge-doped core, a pump inner cladding and an outer cladding.
  • the disclosed structure has several aspects advantageously distinguishing it over the known prior art.
  • the disclosed Raman laser is characterized by the increased overlap of the pump supported in the cladding and the 1 st stokes (signal) in the core of the disclosed Raman laser.
  • This is attained by the use of a double clad Raman microstructured fiber having a component which increases a numerical aperture of inner cladding.
  • the structure may include air holes which define the border between the inner and outer claddings or multi- component glass which can be manufactured with the desired index of refraction.
  • the disclosed RFL is configured with an absorber providing for a distributed loss along the length of the absorber.
  • the absorber includes a samarium dopant region surrounding the signal core or located internally within the core and configured to suppressing 2 nd stokes without meaningful power loss in the I st stokes Raman light. This is attained by the use of Samarium ("Sm”) dopants which define an absorber that is optimally located either in the core or inner cladding or in both the core and inner cladding.
  • Sm Samarium
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic of one modifications the disclosed high power Raman fiber laser ("RFL");
  • FIG. 2 a cross-section of a Ge-doped fiber representing one aspect of the disclosed RFL.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic of another modification of the disclosed RFL
  • FIG. 4 is still another modification of the disclosed RFL
  • FIG. 5 illustrates the absorption for 1 st and higher stokes of the Raman signal
  • FIGs. 6A and 6B illustrate a cross-section of the Ge-doped fiber of FIG. 2 having its core, which is provided with the disclosed absorber, and a refractive index profile, respectively.
  • FIGs. 7A and 7B illustrate a cross-section of the Ge-doped fiber of FIG. 2 having the disclosed absorber provided in the inner cladding, and a refractive index profile of illustrated fiber, respectively.
  • FIGs. 8A and 8B illustrate a cross-section of the Ge-doped fiber of FIG. 2 configured with a depressed cladding, which is provided with the disclosed absorber, and a W-profile of the illustrated fiber, respectively.
  • FIGs. 9A and 9B illustrate a cross-section of the Ge-doped fiber of FIG. 2 configured as a photonic crystal fiber and a refractive index profile thereof, respectively.
  • FIG. 10 is a cross-section of still a further modification of the Ge-doped fiber of FIG. 2.
  • the disclosed Raman laser is configured to provide a high power and bright output at the desired wavelength which is attained with a configuration having a high overlap in the core between the pump light and signal in both CW and pulsed regimes. Structurally, thus, the disclosed fiber has a low core-to-cladding ratio. Furthermore, the disclosed Raman laser has a structure configured to output light at the desired
  • the 2 nd Stokes and higher order Stokes if the 1 Stokes is used for the desired application.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a high power Raman laser 10 having one or more pump laser diode modules 12 which generate pump light coupled into a germanium-doped passive fiber 20.
  • an output pump fiber 13 of module 12 is directly spliced to a passive fiber 20 which can be doped with ions of Germanium or Phosphorous.
  • Multiple wavelength selective elements, such as spaced fiber Bragg gratings 16 and 18, are written in Ge-doped fiber 20 and define a resonant cavity 14 therebetween.
  • Ge-doped fiber 20 which has a double- clad structure is provided with a Ge-doped core 22 supporting a signal light, an inner waveguiding cladding 24 receiving a pump light and an outer cladding 26.
  • the number of transverse modes supported by a fiber depends from the NA and inner cladding diameter. Since the refractive index of air is nearly 1 , the effective NA of outer cladding 26 is high. Therefore, more pump power may be coupled into inner cladding 24 and the latter may be reduced. The reduction of the inner clad diameter translates in a greater overlap between the pump and signal fields in the core. Preferably, the clad to core ratio is about between 2 to 3. As a consequence of the disclosed configuration, the pump light can be converted more efficiently into the signal light along a relatively short Raman fiber length.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a modification of schematics shown in FIG. 1.
  • Raman resonator 10 is further configured with input and output single mode ("SM") passive fibers 30 and 32, respectively.
  • the input and output passive fibers are spliced to respective opposite ends of Ge-doped fiber 20.
  • the FBGs 16 and 18 are written in respective input and output fibers 30 and 32.
  • FIG. 4 illustrate Raman resonator 10 having a structure similar to the structure of FIG. 3.
  • the difference includes multiple laser diode modules 12 having respective outputs which are combined together in a combiners 34.
  • the laser diodes used in each module may have a multimode ("MM") or SM configuration depending on pump power needed.
  • the MM diodes are typically more powerful than the SM configuration.
  • Raman resonator 10 may include pumping a fiber amplifier 37.
  • laser diode module 12 emits radiation in multiple modes at about 935 nm wavelength and of at least 60 W.
  • the diode radiation is coupled into inner cladding 24 of SM Ge-doped fiber 20 and, while propagating therealong, is converted into a 1 st Stokes signal supported by SM (or MM) core 22 and radiated at about 975 nm wavelength.
  • the Ge-doped fiber 20 may have a core diameter varying between about 5 and 35 ⁇ , inner clad diameter ranging between about 20 and 70 ⁇ and outer clad diameter of about 125 ⁇ .
  • the above-disclosed parameters allow Raman laser 10 to output a bright light reaching a kW level.
  • the fiber amplifier 37 is based on dual clad fibers doped with any of the known rare earth ions and their combinations.
  • amplifier 37 is configured with an Yb-doped fiber having an absorption peak at 975 nm. Pumping amplifier 37 into the peak allows an active Yb-doped fiber to have a relatively short length and, as a consequence, a high threshold for nonlinearities, such as stimulated Brillion scattering for narrow spectral line configurations or 4-wave mixing for broad line configurations.
  • one of the limiting factors preventing scaling of SM fiber lasers includes nonlinear effects appearing in a fiber. With the decreased core to cladding ratio, the intensity is also increased. The high intensity, in turn, may cause 2 nd and higher parasitic stokes which are substantially suppressed as disclosed immediately below.
  • RFLs particularly those operating at high powers, are characterized by the energy transfer from the 1 st Stokes to the 2 nd Stokes. Accordingly, in order to emit a Raman output at desired wavelengths ranging between about 975nm and about 977nm (1 st stokes) with the desired high power, the 2 nd stokes with a wavelength range between about 1010-1025nm should be suppressed.
  • the disclosed Raman resonator is provided with a structure capable of satisfying the above.
  • Ge- doped passive fiber 20 includes a samarium-doped region that provides the absorption of signal propagating at the 2 nd stokes.
  • FIGs. 6A and 6B illustrate one of disclosed configurations of absorber 36 provided within SM core 22. Given only as an example, about 50% of dopant concentration includes Ge and about 50% Sa. FIG. 6B illustrates a refractive step index of fiber 20 of FIG. 6 A.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B illustrate a further modification of absorber 36 which is configured with a Sm-doped ring within inner cladding 24 and located in a close vicinity to SM core 22.
  • the Sm ring is so configured that slopes 38 of the fundamental mode of the 2 nd stokes overlap with the ring and absorbed there.
  • FIG. 8A and 8B illustrate still a further modification of Ge-doped fiber 20 of FIG. 2 having a W-profile refractive index. Configured with a depressed region 42, inner cladding 24 has the lowest refractive index. Each stokes may have a fundamental and higher order modes. The configuration of fiber 20 is such that substantially only a fundamental mode of the 1 st stokes is supported, whereas the fundamental mode of the 2 nd stokes is not supported by core 22 and absorbed in absorber 3 as disclosed above.
  • FIGs. 9A - 9C illustrate a further modification of Ge-doped fiber 20 of FIG. 2 configured as a photonic crystal fiber which has core 22 with a symmetrical arrangement of holes 40.
  • the pitch and dimension of holes 40 may be tailored to prevent propagation of a fundamental mode of 2 n stokes while guiding a fundamental mode of 1 s stokes.
  • FIG. 9C graphically shows substantial losses the 2 nd stokes at a 1018 nm wavelength has as compared to the 1 st stokes at a 975nm wavelength.
  • the rest of the illustrated structure has absorber 36 provided in inner cladding 24 and air-hole outer cladding 26.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a further modification of Ge-doped fiber 20 of FIG. 2 provided with an arrangement of asymmetrically located holes 38 defining inner waveguiding cladding 24.
  • some of pump modes do not cross core 22 and thus are never absorbed. Hence a valuable pump power is not converted.
  • the holes 38 are therefore so arranged that pump modes tend to mix with one another increasing Raman conversion.
  • the rest of the shown configuration is similar to those discussed above and has a core 22, absorber 36 within the inner cladding and outer cladding 26 provided with the air hole.
  • so called multicomponent glasses which be specifically tailored for the higher NA in order to increase the overlap between the core and cladding.
  • glass materials can be chosen such as selected to have a large difference and index of ref action between the inner cladding and outer cladding.
  • Patent # teaches such a fiber for generating a 975 nm wavelength using Yb doped fiber core.
  • core 22 is configured to guide a single fundamental mode of 1 st stokes.
  • core 22 may have a MM
  • fiber 20 may be configured so that a mode field diameter of fundamental mode of the 1 st stokes can be matched with a MFD of fibers coupled to fiber 22 in a coaxial manner.
  • the scope of the disclosure fully encompasses the use of MM Ge doped fibers with a step index profile.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un laser Raman à fibre configuré avec un fibre passive à double gaine microstructurée, pourvue d'une gaine interne destinée à recevoir et guider une lumière de pompage à haute intensité. La fibre passive à double gaine comprend également un noyau entouré par une gaine interne et une gaine externe. Un agencement de trous d'air est configuré pour définir la gaine interne guide d'ondes, de sorte que son NA varie entre environ 0,25 et 0,9, ce qui permet de réduire le diamètre de la gaine interne. La fibre passive selon l'invention se caractérise par un chevauchement important entre la lumière de pompage et des premiers stokes dans le noyau et elle comprend également un absorbeur destiné à supprimer sensiblement la lumière de signal au niveau des deuxièmes stokes, de sorte que la fibre dopée au Ge émette un rayonnement brillant SM jusqu'à des niveaux kW.
PCT/US2011/042402 2011-06-29 2011-06-29 Système laser raman à fibre de grande puissance et procédé d'exploitation associé Ceased WO2013002787A1 (fr)

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PCT/US2011/042402 WO2013002787A1 (fr) 2011-06-29 2011-06-29 Système laser raman à fibre de grande puissance et procédé d'exploitation associé

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US14/141,897 Continuation US20160372884A9 (en) 2013-12-27 2013-12-27 High Power Raman-Based Fiber Laser System and Method of Operating the Same

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110265858A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-20 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种选择性激发高阶模的大功率拉曼光纤激光系统
KR20200006979A (ko) * 2017-05-15 2020-01-21 아이피지 포토닉스 코포레이션 고전력 클래딩 펌핑되는 단일 모드 섬유 라만 레이저

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6118575A (en) * 1997-03-17 2000-09-12 Sdl, Inc. Optical fiber gain medium with evanescent filtering
US6845203B1 (en) * 2001-07-17 2005-01-18 Marc David Levenson Detection of adsorbates on interior surfaces of holey fibers
US20050078353A1 (en) * 2003-10-08 2005-04-14 Hiroshi Komine Brightness enhancement of diode light sources
US20050238307A1 (en) * 2002-03-15 2005-10-27 Hansen Kim P Nonlinear optical fibre method of its production and use thereof
US7116469B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2006-10-03 Pirelli & C. S.P.A. Raman amplification using a microstructured fiber

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6118575A (en) * 1997-03-17 2000-09-12 Sdl, Inc. Optical fiber gain medium with evanescent filtering
US6845203B1 (en) * 2001-07-17 2005-01-18 Marc David Levenson Detection of adsorbates on interior surfaces of holey fibers
US7116469B2 (en) * 2001-12-21 2006-10-03 Pirelli & C. S.P.A. Raman amplification using a microstructured fiber
US20050238307A1 (en) * 2002-03-15 2005-10-27 Hansen Kim P Nonlinear optical fibre method of its production and use thereof
US20050078353A1 (en) * 2003-10-08 2005-04-14 Hiroshi Komine Brightness enhancement of diode light sources

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20200006979A (ko) * 2017-05-15 2020-01-21 아이피지 포토닉스 코포레이션 고전력 클래딩 펌핑되는 단일 모드 섬유 라만 레이저
JP2020519963A (ja) * 2017-05-15 2020-07-02 アイピージー フォトニクス コーポレーション 高パワークラッディングポンプ単一モードファイバーラマンレーザー
EP3613113A4 (fr) * 2017-05-15 2021-01-13 IPG Photonics Corporation Laser raman à fibre monomode pompée à gainage haute puissance
JP7177090B2 (ja) 2017-05-15 2022-11-22 アイピージー フォトニクス コーポレーション 高パワークラッディングポンプ単一モードファイバーラマンレーザー
KR102472018B1 (ko) * 2017-05-15 2022-11-28 아이피지 포토닉스 코포레이션 고전력 클래딩 펌핑되는 단일 모드 섬유 라만 레이저
CN110265858A (zh) * 2019-06-19 2019-09-20 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种选择性激发高阶模的大功率拉曼光纤激光系统
CN110265858B (zh) * 2019-06-19 2024-04-26 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 一种选择性激发高阶模的大功率拉曼光纤激光系统

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