WO2013099265A1 - 固体撮像素子および撮像装置 - Google Patents
固体撮像素子および撮像装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013099265A1 WO2013099265A1 PCT/JP2012/008393 JP2012008393W WO2013099265A1 WO 2013099265 A1 WO2013099265 A1 WO 2013099265A1 JP 2012008393 W JP2012008393 W JP 2012008393W WO 2013099265 A1 WO2013099265 A1 WO 2013099265A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/62—Detection or reduction of noise due to excess charges produced by the exposure, e.g. smear, blooming, ghost image, crosstalk or leakage between pixels
- H04N25/625—Detection or reduction of noise due to excess charges produced by the exposure, e.g. smear, blooming, ghost image, crosstalk or leakage between pixels for the control of smear
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/62—Detection or reduction of noise due to excess charges produced by the exposure, e.g. smear, blooming, ghost image, crosstalk or leakage between pixels
- H04N25/628—Detection or reduction of noise due to excess charges produced by the exposure, e.g. smear, blooming, ghost image, crosstalk or leakage between pixels for reducing horizontal stripes caused by saturated regions of CMOS sensors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/60—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise
- H04N25/67—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response
- H04N25/671—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response for non-uniformity detection or correction
- H04N25/677—Noise processing, e.g. detecting, correcting, reducing or removing noise applied to fixed-pattern noise, e.g. non-uniformity of response for non-uniformity detection or correction for reducing the column or line fixed pattern noise
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
- H04N25/76—Addressed sensors, e.g. MOS or CMOS sensors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solid-state imaging device and an imaging apparatus.
- CMOS complementary metal oxide semiconductor
- column amplifier an amplification unit that amplifies pixel signals of pixels arranged in a matrix.
- a connection switch in the solid-state image sensor that makes the vertical signal line and the column amplifier non-conductive while the pixel transfer transistor is on. Has been.
- CMOS type solid-state imaging device when high-intensity light is incident on a CMOS type solid-state imaging device, potential fluctuations occur in the horizontal direction (row direction) of the region where the high-intensity light is incident, and streak noise (smear) may occur in the image.
- the connection switch is turned off while the pixel transfer transistor is on, the time until the output level of the column amplifier settles at a predetermined voltage may be longer.
- the potential of the vertical signal line approaches the GND level at the time of pixel reading in the high-luminance incident region, the operating point of the constant current source in that column goes out of the constant current operating range, so that the current value decreases, and the IR of the circuit Since the drop amount changes, the voltage value of the circuit also changes. Therefore, for example, the above smear is likely to occur during high-speed image reading.
- the solid-state imaging device which is one embodiment of the present invention includes a pixel, a voltage limiting unit, a signal processing unit, and a control unit.
- the pixel includes a photoelectric conversion unit that converts incident light into electric charge, a transfer unit that transfers electric charge converted by the photoelectric conversion unit to the floating diffusion region, and a pixel signal corresponding to the electric charge transferred to the floating diffusion region as a signal line And an output unit for outputting to.
- the voltage limiting unit is connected to the signal line and limits the voltage of the signal line so that it does not become a predetermined value or less.
- a pixel signal is input to the signal processing unit via a signal line.
- the control unit is disposed between the voltage limiting unit and the signal processing unit in the signal line. In addition, the control unit causes the voltage limiting unit and the signal processing unit to be non-conductive during a period in which the transfer unit transfers the charge converted by the photoelectric conversion unit to the floating diffusion region.
- a solid-state imaging device includes a first pixel, a second pixel, a first voltage limiting unit, a second voltage limiting unit, a signal processing unit, and a control unit.
- the first pixel includes a first photoelectric conversion unit that converts incident light into electric charges, a first transfer unit that transfers electric charges converted by the first photoelectric conversion unit to the first floating diffusion region, and a first floating diffusion region.
- a first output unit that outputs a first pixel signal corresponding to the transferred charge to the first signal line.
- the second pixel includes a second photoelectric conversion unit that converts incident light into electric charge, a second transfer unit that transfers electric charge converted by the second photoelectric conversion unit to the second floating diffusion region, and a second floating diffusion region.
- a second output unit that outputs a second pixel signal corresponding to the transferred charge to the second signal line.
- the first voltage limiting unit is connected to the first signal line and limits the voltage of the first signal line so that it does not become a predetermined value or less.
- the second voltage limiting unit is connected to the second signal line and limits the voltage of the second signal line so that it does not become a predetermined value or less.
- a first pixel signal is input to the signal processing unit via the first signal line, and a second pixel signal is input to the signal processing unit via the second signal line.
- the control unit is disposed between the first voltage limiting unit and the signal processing unit and between the second voltage limiting unit and the signal processing unit.
- the control unit causes the first voltage limiting unit and the signal processing unit to be non-conductive during a first transfer period in which the first transfer unit transfers charges converted by the first photoelectric conversion unit to the first floating diffusion region. .
- the control unit does not conduct between the second voltage limiting unit and the signal processing unit during the second transfer period in which the second transfer unit transfers the charge converted by the second photoelectric conversion unit to the second floating diffusion region.
- the figure which shows the structural example of a pixel, a clip part, a row selection switch part, and a column amplifier The figure which shows the operation example of the solid-state image sensor in 1st Embodiment.
- the figure which shows the structural example of an imaging device The figure which shows the modification of a pixel
- the figure which shows the modification of a pixel The figure which shows the modification of a pixel
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating a configuration example of a solid-state imaging device according to the first embodiment.
- the solid-state image sensor according to the first embodiment is an XY address type solid-state image sensor formed on a silicon substrate using a CMOS process.
- the solid-state imaging device of the first embodiment is mounted on an imaging device such as a digital still camera or a video camera (a configuration example of the imaging device will be described later).
- the solid-state imaging device 11 includes, for example, a pixel array 12, a vertical scanning circuit 13, a row selection switch unit 14 which is an example of a connection switch, a clip unit 15, an amplification unit 16 (hereinafter also referred to as a column amplifier), and an accumulated signal selection unit 17.
- the pixel array 12 has a plurality of pixels PX arranged in a matrix in the first direction D1 and the second direction D2.
- the first direction D1 and the second direction D2 are also referred to as a row direction D1 and a column direction D2, respectively.
- a plurality of types of color filters that transmit light of different color components are arranged in a predetermined color arrangement on the front surface of each pixel PX. Therefore, the pixel PX outputs an electrical signal corresponding to each color by color separation with a color filter. Thereby, the pixel array 12 can acquire a color image at the time of imaging.
- red (R), green (Gr, Gb), and blue (B) color filters are arranged in each pixel PX according to a 2-by-2 Bayer array.
- the color of the color filter is also described for each pixel PX.
- the pixels PX having red (R), green (Gr, Gb), and blue (B) filters are also referred to as red pixels (R), blue pixels (B), and green pixels (Gr, Gb), respectively.
- red pixels (R) and green pixels (Gr) are alternately arranged.
- green pixels (Gb) and blue pixels (B) are alternately arranged.
- the plurality of pixels PX arranged in the column direction D2 are connected to each other by the vertical signal line 21 provided for each column. That is, the pixel array 12 outputs pixel signals from the plurality of pixels PX arranged in the same column via the common vertical signal line 21.
- a constant current source IS is connected to each vertical signal line 21 for each pixel column of the pixel array 12 in order to read out a pixel signal from each pixel PX.
- the vertical scanning circuit 13 controls the pixels PX of the pixel array 12 for each row by using the control signals ⁇ SEL, ⁇ RST, and ⁇ TX.
- the vertical scanning circuit 13 controls the control signals ⁇ SEL (n), ⁇ RST (n), and ⁇ TX (n), and outputs the pixel signal of each pixel PX in the nth row to each vertical signal line 21.
- the vertical scanning circuit 13 controls the control signals ⁇ SEL (n + 1), ⁇ RST (n + 1), and ⁇ TX (n + 1), and outputs the pixel signal of each pixel PX on the (n + 1) th row to each vertical signal line 21.
- the control signals ⁇ SEL, ⁇ RST, and ⁇ TX are also referred to as a selection signal ⁇ SEL, a reset signal ⁇ RST, and a transfer signal ⁇ TX, respectively.
- the row selection switch section 14 is provided on the input side of the column amplifier 16 and has a plurality of row selection switches MLS for each column of pixels of the pixel array 12.
- the row selection switch MLS switches conduction / non-conduction between the vertical signal line 21 and the column amplifier 16.
- the clip unit 15 is provided on the input side of the row selection switch unit 14 (between the pixel PX and the row selection switch unit 14) in each vertical signal line 21. These clip units 15 clip the voltage of the vertical signal line 21 to a predetermined value.
- the column amplifier 16 is, for example, an inverting amplifier configured using an operational amplifier, and is provided for each column of the pixels PX of the pixel array 12. Each column amplifier 16 inverts and amplifies the pixel signal output from each pixel PX via each vertical signal line 21 for each column.
- the pixel PX includes a photodiode PD, a transfer transistor TX, a reset transistor RST, an amplification transistor AMP, a selection transistor SEL, and a floating diffusion region FD.
- the photodiode PD is an example of a photoelectric conversion element, and generates electric charge by photoelectric conversion according to the amount of incident light.
- the transfer transistor TX is an example of a transfer switch, and is turned on during a high level period of the transfer signal ⁇ TX, and transfers the charge accumulated in the photodiode PD to the floating diffusion region FD.
- the source of the transfer transistor TX is the photodiode PD, and the drain of the transfer transistor TX is the floating diffusion region FD.
- the floating diffusion region FD is a diffusion region formed by introducing impurities into a semiconductor substrate, for example.
- the floating diffusion region FD is connected to the gate of the amplification transistor AMP and the source of the reset transistor RST.
- the reset transistor RST is turned on during a high level period of the reset signal ⁇ RST, and resets the floating diffusion region FD to the power supply voltage VDD.
- the amplification transistor AMP has a drain connected to the power supply voltage VDD, a gate connected to the floating diffusion region FD, a source connected to the drain of the selection transistor SEL, and a constant current connected to the vertical signal line 21.
- a source follower circuit having the source IS as a load is configured.
- the amplification transistor AMP outputs a read voltage via the selection transistor SEL according to the voltage value of the floating diffusion region FD.
- the selection transistor SEL is turned on during a high level period of the selection signal ⁇ SEL, and connects the source of the amplification transistor AMP to the vertical signal line 21.
- the clip unit 15 has a cascode-connected clip voltage generation transistor MC1 and a clip voltage control transistor MC2.
- the clip voltage generating transistor MC1 has a drain connected to the power supply voltage VDD, a source connected to the drain of the clip voltage control transistor MC2, and a gate receiving the clip voltage VCRef.
- the source of the clip voltage control transistor MC2 is connected to the vertical signal line 21, and the gate of the clip voltage control transistor MC2 receives the control signal ⁇ Clip.
- the clip voltage generation transistor MC1 and the clip voltage control transistor MC2 are also referred to as transistors MC1 and MC2, respectively.
- the clip unit 15 clips the voltage of the connected vertical signal line 21 to a predetermined value determined by the clip voltage VCref when the control signal ⁇ Clip is at a high level. That is, when the output voltage of the pixel is high, the voltage is output as it is, but when the output voltage of the pixel is lower than the predetermined value, the predetermined voltage determined by the clip unit 15 is output, and the voltage of the vertical signal line 21 is the predetermined value. Not to fall below.
- the predetermined value is, for example, a value obtained by subtracting the gate-source voltage (threshold voltage) of the transistor MC1 from the applied voltage of VCRef, and further subtracting the drain-source voltage when the transistor MC2 is on. When the control signal ⁇ Clip is at a low level, the clipping of the voltage of the vertical signal line 21 by the clip unit 15 is not performed.
- the row selection switch MLS of the row selection switch unit 14 is, for example, an nMOS transistor, the source is connected to the input of the column amplifier 16, the drain is connected to the vertical signal line 21, and the gate receives the control signal ⁇ LSW. Yes.
- the row selection switch MLS provided between the vertical signal line 21 and the column amplifier 16 is turned on while the control signal ⁇ LSW is at a high level, and the pixel signal transferred to the vertical signal line 21 is transferred to the column amplifier 16. Output to the input terminal. Further, since the row selection switch MLS is turned off while the control signal ⁇ LSW is at a low level, the pixel signal transferred to the vertical signal line 21 is not output to the column amplifier 16.
- the row selection switch MLS is also referred to as a transistor MLS.
- the noise signal selection switch MN1 is an nMOS transistor, the source is connected to the noise signal storage unit CN of the signal storage unit 18, the drain is connected to the output of the column amplifier 16, and the gate receives the control signal ⁇ TN. ing. In this case, the noise signal selection switch MN1 is turned on while the control signal ⁇ TN is at a high level, and outputs the signal input from the column amplifier 16 to the signal storage unit 18.
- the image signal selection switch MS1 and the noise signal selection switch MN1 are also referred to as transistors MS1 and MN1, respectively.
- the signal storage unit 18 has one image signal storage unit CS and one noise signal storage unit CN for each column of the pixels PX of the pixel array 12.
- the image signal storage unit CS is a capacitor, one terminal is connected to the source of the transistor MS1, and the other terminal is grounded.
- the noise signal storage unit CN is a capacitor, one terminal is connected to the source of the transistor MN1, and the other terminal is grounded.
- the image signal storage unit CS and the noise signal storage unit CN are also referred to as capacitors CS and CN, respectively.
- the horizontal selection switch unit 19 has one set each of the image signal output switch MS2 and the noise signal output switch MN2 for each column of the pixels PX of the pixel array 12.
- the image signal output switch MS2 and the noise signal output switch MN2 are nMOS transistors.
- the image signal output switch MS2 and the noise signal output switch MN2 are also referred to as transistors MS2 and MN2, respectively.
- the transistor MS2 outputs the image signal OUTS from the source, the drain is connected to the source of the transistor MS1 and one terminal of the capacitor CS, and the gate receives the control signal GH.
- the transistor MN2 outputs the noise signal OUTN from the source, the drain is connected to the source of the transistor MN1 and one terminal of the capacitor CN, and the gate receives the control signal ⁇ GH. Note that the gates of the transistors MS2 and MN2 are connected to each other.
- the image signal output switch MS2 is turned on while the control signal ⁇ GH is at a high level, and outputs the voltage held in the capacitor CS as the image signal OUTS.
- the noise signal output switch MN2 is turned on while the control signal ⁇ GH is at a high level, and outputs the voltage held in the capacitor CN as the noise signal OUTN.
- the noise signal OUTN is, for example, an image signal (dark signal) immediately before the pixel PX is reset by the reset transistor RST and the transfer transistor TX is opened. Therefore, for example, the fixed noise component and the pixel reset noise component included in the image signal OUTS can be removed by subtracting the noise signal OUTN from the image signal OUTS.
- the horizontal scanning circuit 20 sequentially turns on the transistors MS2 and MN2 using the control signal ⁇ GH and sequentially outputs the signals OUTS and OUTN held in the capacitors CS and CN of the signal storage unit 18, respectively. For example, when outputting the image signal OUTS and the noise signal OUTN corresponding to the signals read from the pixels PX in the m-th column, the horizontal scanning circuit 20 controls the control signal ⁇ GH (m) to a high level, and so on. The control signal ⁇ GH is controlled to a low level.
- the horizontal scanning circuit 20 controls the control signal ⁇ GH (m + 1) to a high level.
- the other control signal ⁇ GH is controlled to a low level.
- control signal may be supplied from a control unit of an imaging apparatus on which the solid-state imaging device 11 of the first embodiment is mounted.
- the image sensor control circuit 22 can be omitted from the solid-state image sensor 11.
- the vertical scanning circuit 13 controls the control signals ⁇ RST, ⁇ SEL, and ⁇ TX as shown in FIG. 3 in accordance with an instruction from the image sensor control circuit 22, and controls the reset transistor RST, selection transistor SEL, and transfer transistor TX described above. Operate each one.
- the image sensor control circuit 22 controls the control signals ⁇ TN, ⁇ TS, ⁇ LSW, and ⁇ Clip as shown in FIG. 3 to operate the above-described transistors MS1, MN1, MLS, MC1, and MC2, respectively.
- each pixel PX in the n-th row may be referred to by adding n to the end of the code.
- the amplification transistor AMP of each pixel PX in the nth row is also referred to as an amplification transistor AMPn.
- the reset signal ⁇ RST (n) Prior to the access period AP (n) of the pixel PX in the n-th row, the reset signal ⁇ RST (n) is maintained at a high level (FIG. 3A), and the reset transistor RSTn is turned on. That is, the voltage of the floating diffusion region FDn is reset to an initial state (hereinafter also referred to as a reset state) before moving to the access period AP (n).
- the reset signal ⁇ RST (n) changes from the high level to the low level (FIG. 3B), and the reset transistor RSTn is turned off.
- the floating diffusion region FDn can accumulate signal charges from the photodiode PDn when the transfer transistor TXn is turned on. Note that the voltage of the floating diffusion region FDn is maintained in the reset state until the signal charge is transferred from the photodiode PDn.
- the control signal ⁇ TN changes from the low level to the high level (FIG. 3 (d)), and the transistor MN1 is turned on.
- a signal corresponding to the reset state of the pixel PX in the n-th row (the noise signal OUTN shown in FIG. 1) is accumulated in the capacitor CN of the signal accumulation unit 18.
- the control signal ⁇ TN changes from the high level to the low level (FIG. 3E), and the transistor MN1 is turned off.
- the noise signal OUTN of the pixel PX in the n-th row is held in the capacitor CN.
- the control signal ⁇ LSW is maintained at a high level while the control signal ⁇ TN is at a high level.
- the transfer signal ⁇ TX (n) changes from a low level to a high level
- the control signal ⁇ LSW changes from a high level to a low level (FIG. 3 (h)), and the row selection transistor MLS is turned off.
- the transfer signal ⁇ TX (n) changes from a high level to a low level
- the control signal ⁇ LSW changes from a low level to a high level (FIG. 3 (i)), and the row selection transistor MLS is turned on.
- the pulse can be controlled according to the purpose.
- two sets of clipping circuits are prepared, one of which always keeps the voltage of the vertical signal line from dropping below a predetermined value as described above, and the other is that clipping is enabled during periods when ⁇ TN is at a high level. It is also possible to prevent the vertical signal line level from dropping below a certain voltage.
- the row selection transistor MLS is turned off, and the vertical signal line 21 and the column amplifier 16 become non-conductive. Further, after the transfer signal ⁇ TX (n) returns to the low level, the row selection transistor MLS is turned on, so that the vertical signal line 21 and the column amplifier 16 are brought into conduction. As a result, a desired voltage is input to the column amplifier 16. Thus, the desired voltage transferred to the vertical signal line 21 is input to the column amplifier 16 via the row selection transistor MLS, and is inverted and amplified by the column amplifier 16.
- control signal ⁇ LSW changes from low level to high level
- the control signal ⁇ TS changes from low level to high level (FIG. 3 (j))
- the transistor MS1 is turned on.
- a signal corresponding to the signal charge generated by the photodiode PD of the pixel PX in the n-th row (image signal OUTS shown in FIG. 1) is accumulated in the capacitor CS of the signal accumulation unit 18.
- the control signal ⁇ TS changes from the high level to the low level (FIG. 3 (k)), and the transistor MS1 is turned off.
- the image signal OUTS of the pixel PX in the n-th row is held in the capacitor CS.
- the control signal ⁇ GH sequentially changes to a high level.
- the horizontal scanning circuit 20 changes the control signal ⁇ GH corresponding to the output target column to a high level
- the horizontal scanning circuit 20 changes the control signal ⁇ GH corresponding to another column to a low level. Accordingly, the transistors MS2 and MN2 are sequentially turned on, and the signals OUTS and OUTN held in the capacitors CS and CN of the signal storage unit 18 are sequentially output.
- control signals ⁇ RST, ⁇ SEL, and ⁇ TX other than the control signals ⁇ RST (n), ⁇ SEL (n), and ⁇ TX (n) are high level and low level. And are maintained at low levels respectively.
- control signals ⁇ RST (n + 1), ⁇ SEL (n + 1), ⁇ TX (n + 1) in the access period AP (n + 1) are control signals ⁇ RST (n), ⁇ SEL (n), ⁇ TX (n) in the access period AP (n). It is controlled in the same way.
- the control signals ⁇ RST, ⁇ SEL, and ⁇ TX other than the control signals ⁇ RST (n + 1), ⁇ SEL (n + 1), and ⁇ TX (n + 1) are high, low, and low. Each level is maintained.
- the operations of the control signals ⁇ TN, ⁇ TS, ⁇ LSW, and ⁇ Clip are the same as those in the case of AP (n).
- the potential of the vertical signal line corresponding to the column of the pixel is lowered.
- the constant current source of the vertical signal line whose potential is lowered operates in the non-saturation region.
- the current value decreases in the GND line of the constant current source, and the amount of voltage drop at the wiring resistance IR of the GND line of the constant current source becomes small (IR drop fluctuation). A larger current than usual flows in the vertical signal lines in the other columns.
- a case where a clip circuit is provided on the output side of the row selection transistor will also be described.
- the vertical signal line and the clipping circuit are cut off. Therefore, in the above period, the voltage of the vertical signal line is not clipped on the input side of the row selection transistor. Therefore, when high-intensity light is incident on the pixel, the potential of the vertical signal line decreases to near GND.
- the vertical signal line and the clip circuit are connected, so that the voltage of the vertical signal line returns to the clip voltage by the clip circuit.
- an inrush current instantaneously flows from the clip circuit to the vertical signal line when the row selection transistor is turned on.
- the constant current source connected to the vertical signal line also returns to the normal current value.
- the row selection transistor MLS is turned off while the transfer transistor TX is turned on, and the vertical signal line 21 and the column amplifier 16 are turned off.
- the voltage of the vertical signal line 21 from the pixel PX to the input side of the row selection transistor MLS is clipped to a predetermined value by the clip unit 15. Therefore, in the solid-state imaging device 11 according to the first embodiment, when high-luminance light is incident on the pixel PX, the voltage of the vertical signal line 21 connected to the pixel PX does not decrease below the clipped voltage. Generation of smear in the direction can be effectively suppressed.
- the clipping unit 15 functions effectively even when the transfer transistor TX is on, the output level of the column amplifier 16 is stabilized when the row selection transistor MLS is turned on. The time to do is also shortened. Therefore, in the first embodiment, high-speed signal readout is relatively easy while suppressing occurrence of smear.
- FIG. 4 shows an outline of the solid-state imaging device in the second embodiment.
- the solid-state imaging device of the second embodiment is a modification of the first embodiment, and is provided with signal readout circuits on both sides (upper and lower) of the pixel array 12.
- a line selector 23 is provided instead of the row selection switch unit 14 shown in FIG.
- the illustration of the elements (accumulation signal selection unit 17, signal accumulation unit 18, horizontal selection switch unit 19, horizontal scanning circuit 20) in the subsequent stage of the amplification unit and the image sensor control circuit 22 are omitted. is doing.
- elements common to the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted.
- the sources of the pair of row selection transistors MLS 1 and MLS 2 are connected to the input of the common column amplifier 16.
- the drains of the row selection transistors MLS1 and MSL2 located on the lower side of the pixel array 12 are connected to the odd-numbered column vertical signal lines 21 and the even-numbered column vertical signal lines 21, respectively.
- the sources of the pair of row selection transistors MLS1 and MLS2 are connected to the input of the common column amplifier 16.
- the drains of the row selection transistors MLS1 and MSL2 located on the upper side of the pixel array 12 are connected to the vertical signal lines 21 of even columns and the vertical signal lines 21 of odd columns, respectively.
- the row selection transistors MLS1 and MLS2 of the line selector 23 function as a connection switch that switches between conduction and non-conduction between the vertical signal line 21 and the column amplifier 16.
- the column amplifiers 16 in this embodiment are arranged on both sides (upper and lower sides in FIG. 4) of the pixel array 12 in the column direction D2.
- the column amplifier 16 disposed on the lower side of the pixel array 12 receives a signal from the line selector 23 located on the lower side of the pixel array 12, and the column amplifier 16 disposed on the upper side of the pixel array 12 A signal is received from the line selector 23 located on the upper side.
- one column amplifier 16 is provided for every two columns of the pixel array 12. That is, since one column amplifier 16 is arranged with a width corresponding to two columns of pixels, the layout space of the column amplifier 16 can be secured even when the pixel pitch is reduced by increasing the number of pixels.
- the clip unit 15, the accumulation signal selection unit 17, the signal accumulation unit 18, the horizontal selection switch unit 19, the horizontal scanning circuit 20, and the constant current source IS are divided into the upper side and the lower side of the pixel array 12. Each is arranged.
- One clip unit 15 and one constant current source IS are provided above and below the pixel array 12 with respect to each vertical signal line 21.
- the clip unit 15 and the constant current source IS are arranged above and below the pixel array 12, the vertical symmetry of the image can be maintained.
- the configurations of the accumulation signal selection unit 17, the signal accumulation unit 18, the horizontal selection switch unit 19, and the horizontal scanning circuit 20 are the same as those in the first embodiment described above.
- FIG. 5 shows an operation example of the solid-state imaging device 11 in the second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 shows the operation of the solid-state imaging device 11 when the image signal OUTS and the noise signal OUTN are read from each pixel in the n-th row of the pixel array 12 shown in FIG.
- the operation shown in FIG. 5 is the same as the operation shown in FIG. 3 described above except for the operation of the control signal LSW (LSW1, LSW2).
- the reset signal ⁇ RST (n) is maintained at a high level (FIG. 5A), and the control signal ⁇ LSW1 is maintained at a low level. Further, before the access period AP (n) starts, the control signal ⁇ LSW2 changes from the high level to the low level (FIG. 5 (a1)), and the row selection transistor MLS2 is turned off.
- the control signal ⁇ LSW1 changes from low level to high level (FIG. 5 (b1)), and the control signal ⁇ TN changes from low level to high level (FIG. 5 (d)). That is, the row selection transistor MLS1 and the transistor MN1 are turned on. As a result, the noise signal OUTN of the red pixel (R) in the n-th row is accumulated in the capacitor CN of the signal accumulation unit 18 disposed on the lower side of the pixel array 12. Further, the noise signal OUTN of the green pixel (Gr) in the n-th row is accumulated in the capacitor CN of the signal accumulation unit 18 disposed on the upper side of the pixel array 12.
- the control signal ⁇ LSW1 changes from a high level to a low level (FIG. 5 (h)), and the row selection transistor MLS1. Turns off. For example, when the transfer signal ⁇ TX (n) changes from a high level to a low level (FIG. 5 (g)), the control signal ⁇ LSW1 changes from a low level to a high level (FIG. 5 (i)). The transistor MLS1 is turned on. Note that in the access period AP (n) and the horizontal scanning period HSN (n), the control signal ⁇ LSW2 is maintained at a low level. That is, during the period when the transfer signal ⁇ TX (n) is at the high level, the control signals ⁇ LSW1 and ⁇ LSW2 are maintained at the low level, and both the row selection transistors MLS1 and MLS2 are turned off.
- the vertical signal line 21 and the column amplifier 16 are non-conductive during the period when the transfer signal ⁇ TX (n) is at a high level. Therefore, in the present embodiment, it is possible to prevent the vertical signal line voltage increase due to the feedthrough of the high-level transfer signal TX (n) from being transmitted to the column amplifier 16. Further, after the transfer signal ⁇ TX (n) returns to the low level, the row selection transistor MLS1 is turned on, so that the vertical signal line 21 and the column amplifier 16 become conductive. As a result, a desired voltage is input to the column amplifier 16.
- a signal corresponding to the signal charge generated by the photodiode PD of the red pixel (R) in the nth row is input to the column amplifier 16 disposed below the pixel array 12 via the row selection transistor MLS1. Inverted and amplified by the column amplifier 16. Further, for example, a signal corresponding to the signal charge generated by the photodiode PD of the green pixel (Gr) in the n-th row is input to the column amplifier 16 disposed on the upper side of the pixel array 12 via the row selection transistor MLS1. Inverted and amplified by the column amplifier 16.
- the clip unit 15 clips the voltage of the vertical signal line 21 so as not to fall below a predetermined value.
- the control signal ⁇ LSW1 changes from the low level to the high level
- the control signal ⁇ TS changes from the low level to the high level (FIG. 5 (j))
- the transistor MS1 of the accumulation signal selection unit 17 is turned on.
- the image signal OUTS of the red pixel (R) in the n-th row is accumulated in the capacitor CS of the signal accumulation unit 18 disposed below the pixel array 12.
- the image signal OUTS of the green pixel (Gr) in the n-th row is stored in the capacitor CS of the signal storage unit 18 disposed on the upper side of the pixel array 12.
- the signals OUTS and OUTN of the red pixels (R) in the n-th row are sequentially output from the signal storage unit 18 disposed below the pixel array 12 via the horizontal selection switch unit 19. Is done. Further, the signals OUTS and OUTN of the green pixels (Gr) in the n-th row are sequentially output from the signal storage unit 18 arranged on the upper side of the pixel array 12 via the horizontal selection switch unit 19. Note that the control signal ⁇ LSW1 changes from the high level to the low level before moving to the access period AP (n + 1) of the pixel in the (n + 1) th row (FIG. 5 (a2)).
- control signals ⁇ RST, ⁇ SEL, and ⁇ TX other than the control signals ⁇ RST (n), ⁇ SEL (n), and ⁇ TX (n) are high level and low level. And are maintained at low levels respectively.
- control signals ⁇ RST (n + 1), ⁇ SEL (n + 1), ⁇ TX (n + 1), and ⁇ LSW2 in the access period AP (n + 1) are controlled by the control signals ⁇ RST (n), ⁇ SEL (n), ⁇ TX ( n) is controlled in the same manner as ⁇ LSW1.
- the control signals ⁇ RST, ⁇ SEL, and ⁇ TX other than the control signals ⁇ RST (n + 1), ⁇ SEL (n + 1), and ⁇ TX (n + 1) are high, low, and low. Each level is maintained.
- control signal ⁇ LSW1 is maintained at a low level.
- the operations of the control signals ⁇ TN, ⁇ TS, ⁇ LSW, and ⁇ Clip are the same as those in the case of AP (n).
- the control signal ⁇ LSW2 is controlled in the same manner as the control signal ⁇ LSW1 in the access period AP (n). Therefore, in the horizontal scanning period HSN (n + 1), the signals OUTS and OUTN of the blue pixels (B) in the (n + 1) th row are transmitted from the signal storage unit 18 disposed below the pixel array 12 via the horizontal selection switch unit 19. Output sequentially. Further, in the horizontal scanning period HSN (n + 1), the signals OUTS and OUTN of the green pixels (Gb) in the (n + 1) th row are sequentially supplied from the signal storage unit 18 arranged on the upper side of the pixel array 12 via the horizontal selection switch unit 19. Is output.
- both the control signals LSW1 and LSW2 are maintained at a low level at least during a period in which the transfer signal ⁇ TX is at a high level, and the voltage of the vertical signal line 21 is 15 is clipped so as not to fall below a predetermined value. Therefore, also in 2nd Embodiment, the effect similar to 1st Embodiment mentioned above can be acquired.
- the second embodiment when attention is paid to a certain vertical signal line 21, it is possible to switch between odd column signal reading and even column signal reading for each row under the control of the row selection transistors MLS1 and MLS2.
- signals from the green pixels (Gr, Gb) can be read out via the column amplifier 16 disposed on the upper side of the pixel array 12, and for example, red pixels (R) and blue pixels (B) Can be read out via the column amplifier 16 arranged on the lower side of the pixel array 12.
- the level difference of the signal of a green pixel (Gr) and a green pixel (Gb) can be made small.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an electronic camera that is an example of an imaging apparatus.
- the electronic camera includes an imaging optical system 31, the solid-state imaging device 32 of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, an analog front end circuit 33 (AFE circuit), an image processing unit 34, a monitor 35, and a recording.
- An I / F 36, a control unit 37, and an operation unit 38 are provided.
- the solid-state imaging device 32, the analog front end circuit 33, the image processing unit 34, and the operation unit 38 are connected to the control unit 37, respectively.
- the imaging optical system 31 includes a plurality of lenses including, for example, a zoom lens and a focus lens. For the sake of simplicity, the imaging optical system 31 is shown as a single lens in FIG.
- the solid-state imaging device 32 images the subject imaged by the light flux that has passed through the imaging optical system 31.
- the output of this image sensor is connected to an analog front end circuit 33.
- the solid-state imaging device 32 shoots a still image for recording or a moving image that accompanies recording in the nonvolatile storage medium (39) in response to an input from the operation unit 38.
- the solid-state imaging device 32 continuously captures observation images (through images) at predetermined intervals even during standby for recording still images for recording.
- the through image data (or the moving image data) acquired in time series is used for moving image display on the monitor 35 and various arithmetic processes by the control unit 37.
- the electronic camera may record a through image during moving image shooting.
- the analog front end circuit 33 is a circuit that sequentially performs analog signal processing and A / D conversion processing on an image signal input in a pipeline manner.
- the output of the analog front end circuit 33 is connected to the image processing unit 34.
- the image processing unit 34 performs image processing (color interpolation processing, gradation conversion processing, contour enhancement processing, white balance adjustment, etc.) on the digital image signal input from the analog front end circuit 33. Note that a monitor 35 and a recording I / F 36 are connected to the image processing unit 34.
- the monitor 35 is a display device that displays various images.
- the monitor 35 performs moving image display (viewfinder display) of a through image under the shooting mode under the control of the control unit 37.
- the recording I / F 36 has a connector for connecting a nonvolatile storage medium 39.
- the recording I / F 36 writes / reads data to / from the storage medium 39 connected to the connector.
- the storage medium 39 includes a hard disk, a memory card incorporating a semiconductor memory, or the like. In FIG. 6, a memory card is illustrated as an example of the storage medium 39.
- the control unit 37 is a processor that comprehensively controls the operation of the electronic camera.
- the operation unit 38 receives an instruction to acquire a recording still image (for example, a full press operation of a release button) from the user.
- the electronic camera uses the solid-state imaging device 32 of the first embodiment or the second embodiment, for example, when shooting a high-luminance subject during continuous shooting of a still image or shooting a moving image. Generation of smear can be suppressed.
- ⁇ Supplementary items of the embodiment> (Supplement 1):
- image signals may be read from both ends of the pixel array 12.
- the row selection switch unit 14, the column amplifier 16, the accumulation signal selection unit 17, the signal accumulation unit 18, the horizontal selection switch unit 19, and the horizontal scanning circuit are provided at both ends in the column direction D 2 of the pixel array 12.
- One set of 20 may be provided.
- an odd-numbered column image signal may be read from the upper side of the pixel array 12 and an even-numbered column image signal may be read from the lower side of the pixel array 12 (note that the configuration example of Supplement 1 is omitted). To do).
- (Supplement 2) In the above-described embodiment, an example in which one pixel includes four transistors has been described. However, in the solid-state imaging device of the present invention, the reset transistor RST, the amplification transistor AMP, and the selection transistor SEL are shared between a plurality of pixels (for example, a 2.5Tr configuration including two transistors and five transistors, or four pixels). 1.75Tr configuration having seven transistors).
- FIG. 7 shows a modification of the pixel PX.
- the amplification transistor AMP, the selection transistor SEL, the reset transistor RST, and the floating diffusion region FD are shared by two pixels (PX1 to PX2) adjacent in the column direction D2 of the pixel array 12. Except for this point, it is the same as the pixel PX of FIG. 2 described above.
- a plurality of floating diffusion regions FD adjacent to each other in the column direction D2 may be connected by a switch, and addition reading in the column direction D2 may be enabled (illustration is omitted in this case). .
- FIG. 8 shows a modification of the pixel PX.
- the amplification transistor AMP, the selection transistor SEL, the reset transistor RST, and the floating diffusion region FD are shared by the four pixels (PX1 to PX4) adjacent in the column direction D2 of the pixel array 12. Except for this point, it is the same as the pixel PX of FIG. 2 described above.
- the configuration of the electronic camera has been described as an example of the imaging device.
- the image pickup apparatus of the present invention may be an on-chip integrated solid-state image pickup device and various signal processing circuits.
- the color filter array of the solid-state imaging device is not limited to the Bayer array, and other color filter arrays (for example, complementary color filters using magenta, green, cyan, and yellow) It may be.
- the solid-state imaging device of the present invention may be a digital output as a column ADC system in which an AD converter is disposed in each column amplifier 16.
- a digital front end DFE may be disposed instead of the analog front end AFE 33 in the imaging apparatus.
- SYMBOLS 11 Solid-state image sensor, 12 ... Pixel array, 13 ... Vertical scanning circuit, 14 ... Row selection switch part, 15 ... Clip part, 16 ... Column amplifier, 17 ... Accumulation signal selection part, 18 ... Signal accumulation part, 19 ... Horizontal Selection switch unit, 20 ... horizontal scanning circuit, 21 ... vertical signal line, 22 ... imaging device control circuit, 23 ... line selector, 31 ... imaging optical system, 32 ... solid-state imaging device, 33 ... analog front end circuit, 34 ... image Processing unit 35 ... Monitor 36 ... Recording I / F 37 ... Control unit 38 ... Operation unit 39 ... Storage medium PX ... Pixel, IS ... Constant current source
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Description
図1は、第1実施形態での固体撮像素子の構成例を示すブロック図である。第1実施形態での固体撮像素子は、シリコン基板上にCMOSプロセスを使用して形成されたXYアドレス型の固体撮像素子である。第1実施形態の固体撮像素子は、例えば、デジタルスチルカメラやビデオカメラなどの撮像装置に実装される(なお、撮像装置の構成例は後述する)。
図4は、第2実施形態での固体撮像素子の概要を示している。第2実施形態の固体撮像素子は、第1実施形態の変形例であって、画素アレイ12の両側(上下)に信号読み出しの回路をそれぞれ設けている。
図6は、撮像装置の一例である電子カメラの構成例を示す図である。
(補足1):第1実施形態では、画素アレイ12の一端側から画像信号を読み出す例を説明した。しかし、第1実施形態において、画素アレイ12の両端から画像信号を読み出すようにしてもよい。例えば、第1実施形態において、画素アレイ12の列方向D2の両端側に、行選択スイッチ部14、カラムアンプ16、蓄積信号選択部17、信号蓄積部18、水平選択スイッチ部19および水平走査回路20をそれぞれ1組ずつ設けてもよい。この場合、例えば、奇数列の画像信号を画素アレイ12の上側から読み出し、偶数列の画像信号を画素アレイ12の下側から読み出すようにすればよい(なお、補足1の構成例の図示は省略する)。
Claims (11)
- 入射光を電荷に変換する光電変換部と、前記光電変換部により変換された電荷をフローティングディフュージョン領域へ転送する転送部と、前記フローティングディフュージョン領域に転送された電荷に応じた画素信号を信号線へ出力する出力部と、を有する画素と、
前記信号線に接続され、前記信号線の電圧が所定値以下とならないように制限する電圧制限部と、
前記信号線を介して前記画素信号が入力される信号処理部と、
前記信号線において前記電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間に配置され、前記転送部が前記光電変換部により変換された電荷を前記フローティングディフュージョン領域へ転送する期間に前記電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間を非導通にさせる制御部と、
を備える固体撮像素子。 - 請求項1に記載の固体撮像素子において、
前記信号処理部は、演算増幅器を含むことを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の固体撮像素子において、
前記電圧制限部は、前記転送部が前記光電変換部で変換された電荷を前記フローティングディフュージョン領域へ転送する期間における前記信号線の電圧が所定値以下とならないように制限することを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の固体撮像素子において、
前記制御部は、前記転送部が前記光電変換部で変換された電荷を前記フローティングディフュージョン領域へ転送する期間の後に前記電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間を導通させることを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 入射光を電荷に変換する第1光電変換部と、前記第1光電変換部で変換された電荷を第1フローティングディフュージョン領域へ転送する第1転送部と、前記第1フローティングディフュージョン領域に転送された電荷に応じた第1画素信号を第1信号線へ出力する第1出力部と、を有する第1画素と、
入射光を電荷に変換する第2光電変換部と、前記第2光電変換部で変換された電荷を第2フローティングディフュージョン領域へ転送する第2転送部と、前記第2フローティングディフュージョン領域に転送された電荷に応じた第2画素信号を第2信号線へ出力する第2出力部と、を有する第2画素と、
前記第1信号線に接続され、前記第1信号線の電圧が所定値以下とならないように制限する第1電圧制限部と、
前記第2信号線に接続され、前記第2信号線の電圧が所定値以下とならないように制限する第2電圧制限部と、
前記第1信号線を介して前記第1画素信号が入力されるとともに、前記第2信号線を介して前記第2画素信号が入力される信号処理部と、
前記第1電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間に配置され、前記第1転送部が前記第1光電変換部により変換された電荷を前記第1フローティングディフュージョン領域へ転送する第1転送期間に前記第1電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間を非導通にさせ、かつ前記第2電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間に配置され、前記第2転送部が前記第2光電変換部により変換された電荷を前記第2フローティングディフュージョン領域へ転送する第2転送期間に前記第2電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間を非導通にさせる制御部と、
を備える固体撮像素子。 - 請求項5に記載の固体撮像素子において、
前記信号処理部は、演算増幅器を含むことを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 請求項5または請求項6に記載の固体撮像素子において、
前記第1電圧制限部は、前記第1転送期間における前記第1信号線の電圧が所定値以下とならないように制限し、
前記第2電圧制限部は、前記第2転送期間における前記第2信号線の電圧が所定値以下とならないように制限することを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 請求項5から請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の固体撮像素子において、
前記制御部は、前記第1転送期間の後に前記第1電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間を導通させ、かつ前記第2転送期間の後に前記第2電圧制限部と前記信号処理部との間を導通させることを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 請求項5から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の固体撮像素子において、
前記第1画素及び前記第2画素は、それぞれ同一の分光感度を有するフィルタを更に含むことを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 請求項5から請求項8のいずれか1項に記載の固体撮像素子において、
前記第1フローティングディフュージョン領域と前記第2フローティングディフュージョン領域とは電気的に接続されていることを特徴とする固体撮像素子。 - 請求項1から請求項10のいずれか1項に記載の固体撮像素子を備えることを特徴とする撮像装置。
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| CN101822041B (zh) * | 2007-10-09 | 2012-06-20 | 株式会社尼康 | 摄影装置 |
| JP4997126B2 (ja) * | 2008-01-23 | 2012-08-08 | オリンパス株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
| JP5224914B2 (ja) * | 2008-06-03 | 2013-07-03 | オリンパス株式会社 | 固体撮像装置 |
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| JP2010187317A (ja) * | 2009-02-13 | 2010-08-26 | Panasonic Corp | 固体撮像装置及び撮像装置 |
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