WO2013092071A1 - Pelton turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a Pelton turbine (1) having a rotor (2) which is mounted such that it can be rotated about an axis (A) with a plurality of Pelton cups (3.1 - 3.n) which are arranged on the circumference thereof, two or more nozzle bodies (5.1 - 5.n) which have at least one opening for ejecting a fluid jet (F) onto the Pelton cups (3.1 - 3.n), and a spray-water protection device (8), comprising at least one guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) which runs over at least one part region of the axial extent of the rotor (2) and so as to extend over at least one part region in the circumferential direction around the rotor (2) at a spacing (a) from the latter, which guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) has at least one wall region (10), the course of which, as viewed in axial section, can be described as being directed away from the axis (A) of the rotor (2) by a direction component in the radial direction in relation to said axis (A), wherein the guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) has openings (11.1 - 11.n) for receiving the nozzle bodies (5.1 - 5.n). The invention is characterized in that each nozzle body (5.1 - 5.n) extends with the opening (13.1 - 13.n) thereof at least as far as the inner circumference (14), pointing towards the rotor (2), of the guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c), and the spacing (a) between the outer hydraulic diameter (DA) of the rotor (2) and the inner circumference (14) of the guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) in the radial direction corresponds to from 50% to 300% of the cup width (b) of an individual Pelton cup (3.1 - 3.n).

Description

 Pelton

The invention relates to a Pelton turbine with an impeller rotatably mounted about an axis with a plurality of arranged at its periphery Peltonbechern, two or more, at least one orifice having nozzle bodies for discharging a fluid jet to the Peltonbecher and a splash guard, comprising at least one over at least one Part of the axial extent of the impeller and over at least a portion in the circumferential direction around the impeller extending at a distance extending therefrom extending guide wall having at least one wall portion whose course in axial section through a directional component in the radial direction with respect to the axis of rotation of the impeller of this Weggerichtet is writable, wherein the guide wall has openings for receiving the nozzle body. In this regard, reference is made to WO 2006/066691 A1 and DE 883 426.

When hitting the water jets spread over the nozzle body at the Peltonbechern these are deflected by almost 180 °, whereby the kinetic energy at the impeller circumference is mainly converted into mechanical energy to drive the impeller. The deflected beam still has a residual energy of up to 5%. As a result of this, the deflected jet is directed as spray water into the regions arranged laterally of the impeller, this rebounding against the housing walls enclosing the impeller and the free surface of an underwater duct arranged below the turbine. For better dissipation of the spray guide walls are provided in the prior art. The resulting improved spray water removal makes it possible to provide a larger number of nozzles to increase the energy density of the system. In embodiments according to WO 2006/066691 A1, the guide wall is provided with passage openings into which the ejected water jets are injected and passed. The openings provided for this purpose are dimensioned such that contact of the water jets with the wall of the opening to avoid friction losses is avoided. The openings are characterized by large cross-sectional dimensions. However, due to the large cross-sectional dimensions spray water can easily penetrate into them, whereby the auszubringende fluid jet is significantly disturbed, which has a negative effect on the efficiency.

The invention therefore an object of the invention to develop a Pelton turbine of the type mentioned in such a way that their efficiency is further increased and disturbances caused by splashing water are largely excluded. The solution according to the invention is characterized by the features of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are described in the subclaims.

A Pelton turbine with an impeller rotatably mounted about an axis with a plurality of arranged at its periphery Peltonbechern, two or more, at least one orifice having nozzle bodies for discharging a fluid jet to the Peltonbecher and a splash guard, comprising at least one over at least a portion of the axial Extension of the impeller and over at least a portion in the circumferential direction to the impeller at a distance extending extending this guide wall, which has at least one wall portion, the course in the axial section viewed through a direction component in the radial direction relative to the axis of rotation of the impeller of this direction away writable wherein the guide wall has openings for receiving the nozzle body, characterized in that each nozzle body extends with its mouth at least to the impeller facing inner circumference of the guide wall and the distance between the outer hydraulic diameter of the impeller and the inner circumference of the baffle in the radial direction corresponds to 50% to 300% of the cup width of a single Peltonbechers.

The impeller is rotatably mounted about an axis. The term axis is to be understood as a geometric axis. The directions related to the impeller refer to this axis. The structural design can be varied, are conceivable, for example, but not limited, versions with rotatable mounting on an axis (as a component), fixed arrangement on an axle or journals and drive this.

The axial section corresponds to a section in a plane which is characterized by the axis and a perpendicular to it.

The axial extent of the impeller is understood to mean the extent of the impeller in the direction of the axis of rotation. This corresponds to the extent transverse to the direction of rotation of the impeller about the axis, in particular axis of rotation.

The outer hydraulic diameter corresponds to the diameter defined by the maximum extent of the impeller. This describes the area of the impeller furthest away from the axis in the radial direction or the Pelton cup arranged thereon.

The cup width describes the largest axial extent of the inner side of the cup parallel to the axis of rotation.

The solution according to the invention allows, on the one hand, the free escape of the fluid, in particular water jet as a free jet from the mouth of the nozzle body in the direction of the Peltonbecher and simultaneously prevents interference of the free jet by the after impact of the fluid, in particular water jet back to the Peltonbecker water and an entry into the, the nozzle body receiving openings. This will be the Improved efficiency over known embodiments, the contact of the exiting fluid, in particular water jet with the soffit of the opening is avoided. In an advantageous embodiment, the distance between the outer hydraulic diameter of the impeller and the inner circumference of the guide wall 50% to 250% of the cup width of a single Peltonbecher, preferably 50% to 200%, more preferably 75% to 150% of the cup width, very particularly preferred 90% - 1 10% of the cup width. The short distance leads to a better protection against back splashed water and thus increases the operational safety. Another significant advantage is the achievable thereby more compact and cost-effective overall construction.

The formation of the baffle can be made in one or more parts. In this case, different configurations are conceivable with respect to the extent of this in the circumferential direction of the impeller and in the axial direction. The individual options in the circumferential direction and axial direction can be combined with each other. When viewed in the circumferential direction, basically two basic shapes are used. According to a first embodiment, this is designed in the circumferential direction as a closed annular unit. The training allows a well-defined assignment of the baffle with respect to the impeller while maintaining a constant distance and easy installation. In a second embodiment, the single baffle extends in the circumferential direction over an angular range of 60 ° to 255 °, preferably 72 ° to 180 °, more preferably 90 ° to 135 ° to the impeller. In order to maintain a constant distance in this area to the impeller, the guide wall is designed as a ring segment. Depending on the design of the turbine, the selected extension in the circumferential direction increases the accessibility to the impeller and thus the ease of maintenance while the essential spray water is still retained. Designs are possible with only one guide wall or at least two or more guide walls arranged one behind the other in the circumferential direction. In the latter case, standardized Leitwandeinheiten can be used, which can be arranged variably depending on the application requirement.

In the axial direction, there is the possibility

a) the extension of the baffle only over a portion of the axial extent of the impeller and in a particularly advantageous manner

b) the extension at least over the axial extent of the impeller, preferably beyond.

The first possibility, for example, with only one-sided arrangement of a baffle with respect to the plane of symmetry of the impeller used. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the embodiment according to the possibility a) or b), the individual baffle is formed symmetrically in the axial direction. The symmetrical version offers the advantage of equal boundary conditions in the vicinity of the impeller. Furthermore, according to an embodiment alternative to the aforementioned embodiment, the individual guide wall can be designed according to option a) or b) with asymmetrical design in the axial direction. An asymmetrical design of the baffle can optionally be used in vertical machines.

In order to ensure optimum conditions for the impact of the water jets on the Pelton cups, the individual guide wall is arranged coaxially to the axis of rotation of the impeller. The extent of the baffle in the axial direction is preferably in a range of 5% to 100% of the cup width over the axial extent of the impeller addition. The guide wall or at least the wall region oriented in the radial direction when viewed in axial section with at least one directional component are formed at least partially or completely preferably according to one of the following possibilities or a combination thereof:

 - conical, i. inclined in the radial direction while increasing the dimension of the guide wall in the axial direction

 - circular or ring segment-shaped

 - rounded

 - Trumpet-shaped, in particular trumpet-shaped expanded

 - box-shaped or pot-shaped.

The abovementioned possibilities offer the advantage that the guide wall can form a kind of undercut or at least one receiving space open on one side, in which spray water can be collected in the direction of the impeller.

For discharging the fluid, in particular water in the direction of the Pelton cups, a plurality of nozzle bodies are provided, which are arranged spaced from one another in the circumferential direction about the impeller. In an advantageous development, the individual nozzle bodies are arranged such that the distance of the mouth of the individual nozzle body to the inner circumference of the guide wall from 0% to 100% of the cup width, preferably 5% to 80% of the cup width, more preferably 20% to 50% of the cup width is and / or the mouth is oriented at an angle of 15 ° to 90 ° relative to the inner circumference of the baffle. By varying the angle, an optimization between the flow rate in the unilaterally open receiving space and overall space is created. By choosing the distance, the protective effect is improved, in particular, a good protection is obtained at a preferred distance. So it is possible to install with appropriate choice of the distance beam deflector. In a further embodiment, a further baffle is additionally arranged radially within a diameter which describes the arrangement of the pelton beakers. By this arrangement, an even better protection of the impeller is achieved.

With regard to the orientation of the impeller fundamentally different possibilities exist. In a first variant, the axis of rotation of the impeller is arranged horizontally or inclined to a horizontal plane. In a further second variant, the axis of rotation of the impeller is arranged vertically. Vertical arrangements are particularly advantageous for large unit performances. Here an additional splash protection is achieved.

The solution according to the invention is explained below with reference to figures. The following is shown in detail:

 FIG. 1 a illustrates schematically simplified representations of an inventive turbine in an axial section;

FIG. 1 b illustrates an embodiment of the turbine according to FIG. 1 a in an axially perpendicular section;

Figures 2a and 2b show possible embodiments of the course of a baffle in

 Circumferential direction viewed around the impeller;

Figures 3a to 3c illustrate possible embodiments of

Cross-sectional geometry of the baffle viewed in an axial section. FIG. 1 a shows an embodiment of an inventive Pelton turbine 1 in an axial section. FIG. 1b shows an axially perpendicular section. The pelton turbine 1 comprises an impeller 2, arranged in a housing 4 and rotatably mounted about an axis A, with a plurality of pelton cups 3.1 to 3.n, which are arranged on the circumference of the impeller 2. The axis of rotation A is oriented horizontally in the illustrated case. The maximum radial diameter of the impeller 2, which characterizes the maximum radial extent of the Pelton cups 3.1 to 3.n, describes the outer hydraulic diameter DA. The Impeller 2 is formed symmetrically in the axial direction with respect to a plane E, which is aufspannbar by two mutually perpendicular perpendicular to the axis A, symmetrically. For applying a fluid, in particular water jet, to the individual pelton cups 3.1 to 3.n, two or more nozzle bodies 5.1 to 5.n are provided. By way of example, three such nozzle bodies 5.1 to 5.3 are provided in FIG. 1 b, which are spaced apart from one another in the circumferential direction of the impeller 2, preferably, but not shown here, uniformly spaced from each other. These are arranged outside the maximum radial diameter DA of the impeller 2 and aligned so that they are suitable to direct a fluid, in particular water jet against the Pelton cups 3.1 to 3.n, ie with a directional component in the tangential direction or inclined to this. The deflected in the Pelton cups 3.1 to 3.n spray water is thrown against the inner walls of the housing 4 and passes from this into an underwater channel 6, in which the water located there is described by a mirror 6.1. The so-called free slope 7 describes a distance y between the axis A acting as the axis of rotation of the impeller 2 and the mirror 6.1 of the underwater channel 6. To a negative influence of splashing on the one over the individual nozzle body 5.1 to 5.n against the Peltonbecher 3.1 to 3 .n a fluid spray, in particular to prevent water jets, a spray water protection device 8 is provided, comprising at least one, over at least a portion of the maximum axial extent I of the impeller 2 and over at least a portion in the circumferential direction about the impeller 2 querraget extending to this Seen in cross section, this has at least one wall region 10, the course of which is characterized by a directional component which is directed away from the impeller 2. The baffle 9 is characterized viewed in the installed position by a minimal radial inner dimension in di- _m and a maximum outer dimension as the radially _-ma x relative to the axis A characterized. The guide wall 9 in the embodiment of Figure 1 a extends annularly in the circumferential direction of the impeller 2 at a distance a to this. The Guide wall 9 is executed closed in the circumferential direction and symmetrically with respect to a plane E, formed of two mutually perpendicular perpendicular to the axis of rotation A, executed. This forms with the housing 4 and the other components spray water discharge channels 12.1 and 12.2, which are arranged on both sides of this plane of symmetry E and in the circumferential direction around the axis A acting as an axis of rotation running.

The guide wall 9 has openings 1 1 .1 to 1 1 .n for receiving the nozzle body 5.1 to 5.n on. Each of the individual nozzle bodies 5.1 to 5.n extends with its mouth 13.1 to 13.n in the radial direction to the impeller 2 directed at least to the inner periphery 14 of the baffle 2, preferably beyond. In this case, the single mouth 13.1 to 13 n are aligned with the inner periphery 14 of the baffle 2, i. be arranged flush. According to a particularly advantageous embodiment, this extends beyond the guide wall 9 in the direction of the impeller 2 addition. As a result, the fluid, in particular water jet, exits the mouth 13.1 to 13.n of the individual nozzle bodies 5.1 to 5.n as free jet F into the intermediate space 15 formed by the objectionable arrangement of guide wall 9 and impeller 2.

According to the invention, the distance a between the outer hydraulic diameter DA of the impeller 2 and the inner circumference 14, in particular the minimum distance between the outer hydraulic diameter DA of the impeller 2 and the region of the inner circumference 14 with a minimum distance d,. min selected such that this in the range between 50% inclusive of the 300% of the cup width b, in particular 50% to 250%, optionally 50% to 200%, preferably 75% to 150% of the cup width b, particularly preferably 90% to 1 10th % of the cup width b is. This distance allows advantageously the free exit of the free jet F in the intermediate space 14 free from interference by splashing. Furthermore, the arrangement of deflectors, not shown here, is possible. These allow a targeted Guiding the single fluid jet F free from an impairment of emerging from the other nozzle bodies 5.1 to 5.n fluid jets.

The individual nozzle body 5.1 to 5.n can be guided freely by a mechanical coupling through the guide wall 9 or stored in this or fixedly connected to the respective guide wall 9. It is crucial that the free jet F emerges on the inner circumference 14 or outside thereof from the mouth 13.1 to 13.n of the respective nozzle body 5.1 to 5.n. Also conceivable is the free mounting of the nozzle body 5.1 to 5.n and their integration in the housing. 4

Figure 1 b illustrates an embodiment of the guide wall 9 in the circumferential direction about the axis A as an annular closed unit. This is arranged coaxially to the axis A. On the other hand, FIGS. 2 a and 2 b are highly schematic views of possible further embodiments of the guide wall 9 in the circumferential direction of the impeller 2. Shown in a schematic simplified representation, only the outer hydraulic diameter DA and the guide wall 9 in axial section. Visible is a the impeller 2, illustrated by the outer hydraulic diameter DA, spaced associated and extending over a partial area in the circumferential direction around this guide wall 9. In the illustrated case, the guide wall 9 is designed as a ring segment. This extends over a partial area in the circumferential direction about the impeller 2, preferably at an angle α in the range of 60 ° to 255 °, preferably 72 ° to 180 °, particularly preferably 90 ° to 135 ° about the impeller. 2

On the other hand, FIG. 2 b illustrates an embodiment with a plurality of guide walls 9 a to 9 c arranged around this in the circumferential direction of the impeller 2. These each form ring segments, which in their entirety can form a functional unit.

FIGS. 3 a to 3 d illustrate, by way of example, possible embodiments of the cross-sectional geometry at a distance a to the impeller 2 arranged guide wall 9 in FIG Axial section considered. FIG. 3a shows an embodiment with a conical profile, ie the wall region 10 extends outwards in the radial direction in the axial direction. Figure 3b shows an embodiment with a ring segment-shaped, in particular semicircular cross-sectional geometry. FIG. 3c shows a box shape and FIG. 3d shows a combined shape with conical wall area 10.

LIST OF REFERENCES 1 Pelton turbine

 2 impeller

1 -3. n Pelton mug

 4 housing

 -5.n nozzle body

 6 underwater canal

 6.1 Mirror

 7 free slope

 8 Splash protection device

b, 9.c baffle

 10 wall area

-1 1 .Π openings

, 12.2 Splash water discharge channel

-13. n estuary

 14 inner circumference

 15 gap

 a distance between the outer hydraulic

 Diameter DA of the impeller 2 and the inner circumference 14

 A axis, rotation axis

 b cup width

 DA outer hydraulic diameter

 di-min minimum radial dimension relative to axis A da-max maximum radial dimension relative to axis A

F free jet

 I axial extent

 y distance

 α angle

Claims

 claims Pelton turbine (1) having an impeller (2) rotatably mounted about an axis (A) and having a plurality of pelton cups (3.1-3.n) arranged at its circumference, two or more nozzle bodies (5.1-5.n) having at least one orifice ) for discharging a fluid jet (F) onto the Pelton cups (3.1-3. n) and a spray water protection device (8), comprising at least one over at least a portion of the axial extent of the impeller (2) and over at least a partial region in the circumferential direction the impeller (2) at a distance (a) extending to this extending guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) having at least one wall portion (10) whose course in axial section through a directional component in the radial Direction relative to the axis (A) of the impeller (2) directed away from this writable, wherein the guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) openings (1 1 .1 -1 1 .n) to Having received the nozzle body (5.1 -5. N), characterized, that each nozzle body (5.1 -5.n) with its mouth (13.1 -13.n) at least to the impeller (2) facing inner circumference (14) of the baffle (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) extends and the distance (a) between the outer hydraulic diameter (DA) of the impeller (2) and the inner circumference (14) of the guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) in the radial direction 50% to 300th % of the cup width (b) of a single pelton cup (3.1-3.n). Peltonturbine (1) according to claim 1, characterized, the distance (a) between the outer hydraulic diameter (DA) of the impeller (2) and the inner periphery (14) of the guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) 50% to 250% of the cup width (b) of a single pelton cup (3.1-3.n), preferably 50% to 200%, more preferably 75% to 150% of the cup width (b), most preferably 90% - 1 is 10% of the cup width (b). Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the individual guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) in the circumferential direction is designed as a closed annular unit. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, in that the individual guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) extends in the circumferential direction over an angular range of 60 ° to 255 °, preferably 72 ° to 180 °, particularly preferably 90 ° to 135 °, around the impeller ( 2) extends. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, the individual guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) is designed to extend in the axial direction at least over the axial extent (I) of the impeller (2). Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, the individual guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) is symmetrical in the axial direction. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, in that the individual guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) is arranged coaxially with the axis (A) of the impeller (2). Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) or at least the wall region (10) oriented in the radial direction, viewed in axial section, is formed at least partially according to one of the following possibilities or a combination thereof:  - conical  - circular or ring segment-shaped  - rounded  - trumpet-shaped  - box-shaped or pot-shaped Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, the individual nozzle bodies (5.1 -5.n) are arranged such that the distance of the orifice (13.1 -13.n) of the individual nozzle body (5.1-5.n) to the inner circumference (14) of the guide wall (9, 9.a , 9.b, 9.c) from 0% to 100% of the cup width (b), preferably 5% to 80% of the cup width (b), particularly preferably 20% to 50% of the cup width (b) and / or the Mouth (13.1 -13.n) at an angle of 15 ° to 90 ° relative to the inner periphery (14) of the guide wall (9, 9.a, 9.b, 9.c) is aligned. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, in that a further guide wall is arranged radially within a diameter describing the arrangement of the Pelton cups (3.1-3. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized, that the axis of rotation of the impeller (2) is arranged horizontally or inclined to a horizontal plane. 12. Pelton turbine (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized  that the axis of rotation of the impeller (2) is arranged vertically.