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WO2013091305A1 - 波束赋形方法、通信站及移动站 - Google Patents

波束赋形方法、通信站及移动站 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013091305A1
WO2013091305A1 PCT/CN2012/071795 CN2012071795W WO2013091305A1 WO 2013091305 A1 WO2013091305 A1 WO 2013091305A1 CN 2012071795 W CN2012071795 W CN 2012071795W WO 2013091305 A1 WO2013091305 A1 WO 2013091305A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cell
pitch angle
indication information
mobile station
information
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2012/071795
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
肖华华
宁迪浩
关艳峰
陈宪明
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ZTE Corp
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ZTE Corp
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Filing date
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Publication of WO2013091305A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013091305A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/022—Site diversity; Macro-diversity
    • H04B7/024—Co-operative use of antennas of several sites, e.g. in co-ordinated multipoint or co-operative multiple-input multiple-output [MIMO] systems
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications, and in particular to a beamforming method, a communication station, and a mobile station.
  • a conventional cellular network topology is a point-to-multipoint transmission mode of a communication station to a plurality of mobile stations. For communication stations at the edge of the cell, this transmission mode has large inter-cell co-channel interference.
  • a method for solving such inter-cell co-channel interference can be combined with a plurality of communication stations, and the communication stations cooperate with each other to turn the interference signal into a useful signal.
  • Such a system that utilizes multiple communication stations to communicate with multiple mobile stations on the same time-frequency resource is referred to as multipoint transmission.
  • Coordinated Beamforming is one of the widely used and easy-to-implement multi-point transmission technologies. As shown in Figure 1, two cells cooperate to perform beamforming.
  • the mobile station 1 uses related technologies to determine Cell 2 is its cooperating cell.
  • the method for determining the coordinated cell may be: the mobile station 1 measures the large-scale fading of the communication station where the other cell is located to the mobile station 1, and if the large-scale fading and the communication station 1 arrive at the mobile station 1, the large-scale fading difference satisfies
  • the threshold value is taken as the coordinated cell of the mobile station 1, and all the cells participating in the cooperation are referred to as the coordinated cell set of the mobile station 1.
  • the coordinated cell set of the mobile station 2 can be determined.
  • the mobile station 2 primary coordinated cell is the cell 2
  • the secondary coordinated cell is the cell 1.
  • the secondary coordinated cell and the primary coordinated cell are relative mobile stations.
  • the coordinated cell set includes the cell 1 and the cell 2, where the cell 1 is the primary coordinated cell and the cell 2 is the secondary cell.
  • the coordinated cell set also includes the cell 2 and the cell 1, wherein the cell 1 is a secondary coordinated cell, and the cell 2 is a primary coordinated cell.
  • the number of cells in the coordinated cell set may be two or more, and is not necessarily mutually cooperative cells.
  • the set of coordinated cells of the mobile station 1 and the set of coordinated cells of the mobile station 2 may be different.
  • the concept of a cell in the present invention can be replaced by the concept of a corresponding sector.
  • the communication stations in the coordinated cell set determine a weight of the primary cooperative cell communication station by cooperating with each other, and use the weight to weight the data sent by each antenna unit of the primary cooperative cell communication station, so that the array is aligned with the useful signal direction in real time. , and a zero point is formed in the interference direction to suppress the interference signal, that is, the data is transmitted by the beamforming technique.
  • the traditional method of implementing cooperative beamforming generally refers to two-dimensional beamforming, and the mobile station that needs the secondary cell feeds back the channel matrix information of the primary coordinated cell communication station to the mobile station.
  • the mobile station that needs the secondary cell feeds back the channel matrix information of the primary coordinated cell communication station to the mobile station.
  • the cooperative cell system shown in FIG. 1 as an example, for the mobile station 1, it is necessary to feed back the channel matrix information and pre-programming of the communication station 1 to the mobile station 1.
  • the code matrix index the communication station 1 also requires the mobile station 2 to feed back the channel matrix information of the communication station 1 to the mobile station 2 through the communication station 2.
  • Such channel matrix information can be indirectly fed back through the precoding matrix index, depending on the implementation algorithm.
  • the communication station 1 determines the precoding matrix of the mobile station 1 through the feedback precoding matrix index and the channel matrix information. The feedback amount of this algorithm is very large.
  • the conventional beamforming can only distinguish mobile stations with different horizontal azimuths, and for horizontal azimuths, mobile stations with different vertical elevation angles cannot be distinguished.
  • Fig. 2 shows two mobile stations having different horizontal azimuth angles and the same vertical pitch angle
  • Fig. 3 shows two mobile stations having the same horizontal azimuth angle and different vertical elevation angles.
  • two-dimensional beamforming cannot distinguish between them.
  • a beamforming method for a wireless communication system including a plurality of coordinated cells, including: a communication station of each coordinated cell according to a pitch angle indication information from a mobile station of the own cell
  • the channel information and the elevation angle indication information and the second channel information from the other coordinated cell communication stations determine the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming; the communication station of each coordinated cell performs weighting processing on the data to be transmitted according to the weight, and the data is Send to the mobile station of the community.
  • the communication station of each coordinated cell determines the right of three-dimensional beamforming according to the pitch angle indication information and the first channel information from the mobile station of the own cell and the pitch angle indication information and the second channel information from the other coordinated cell communication stations.
  • the method further includes: the communication station of each coordinated cell transmitting the pitch angle indication information from the mobile station of the local cell to the communication station of the other coordinated cell, where the pitch angle indication information is calculated by the mobile station of each coordinated cell The pitch angle quantized value of the cell communication station to the mobile station; the communication station of each coordinated cell receives the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication station, and transmits the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication station to the local a mobile station of the cell; the mobile station of each coordinated cell determines the first channel information according to the pitch state indication information of all the coordinated cell communication stations received, and transmits the first channel information to the communication station of the local cell; each collaboration The communication station of the cell determines the first according to the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication stations.
  • the pitch angle indication information is a pitch angle value 1 or a pitch angle value 0, wherein the pitch angle value 1 indicates that the vertical direction angle is less than or equal to the pitch angle threshold value, and the pitch angle value 0 indicates that the vertical direction angle is greater than the pitch angle threshold value, when
  • the pitch angle is defined as the angle between the transmitted wave and the positive direction of the Z axis
  • the vertical direction angle is defined as the cosine of the pitch angle.
  • the pitch angle is defined as the angle between the transmitted wave and the negative direction of the Z axis
  • the vertical direction angle is defined as pitch.
  • the sine of the angle is defined as the angle between the transmitted wave and the negative direction of the Z axis.
  • the first channel information when the pitch angle indication information of the local cell is a pitch angle value 1, the first channel information includes a precoding matrix index of the current cell; when the pitch angle indication information of the local cell is a pitch angle value of 0, the first channel information includes the local channel information.
  • the precoding matrix index of the cell, the channel matrix information of the current cell, and all the elevation angle indication information are the second channel information of the coordinated cell with the pitch angle value of 0.
  • the manner of transmitting the pitch angle indication information and/or the second channel information between the coordinated cells includes at least one of the following: a transmission mode of the wireless broadcast, an optical fiber transmission mode, a coaxial cable transmission mode, and a twisted pair transmission mode.
  • the second channel information is channel matrix information of the communication station of the coordinated cell to the mobile station of the cell in which all the elevation angle indication information is a pitch angle value of 0.
  • the channel matrix information is a quantized value of a matrix formed by a channel coefficient of the communication station to the mobile station or a precoding matrix index corresponding to a precoding matrix having the smallest correlation.
  • the communication station of each coordinated cell determines the right of three-dimensional beamforming according to the pitch angle indication information and the first channel information from the mobile station of the own cell and the pitch angle indication information and the second channel information from the other coordinated cell communication stations.
  • the value includes: determining, when the elevation angle indication information from the mobile station of the local cell is a pitch angle value 1, determining a weight of the three-dimensional beamforming according to the precoding matrix corresponding to the precoding matrix index of the current cell; otherwise, according to all the elevation angles
  • the second channel information of the coordinated cell whose indication information is the pitch angle value 0 and the channel matrix information of the local cell and the precoding matrix corresponding to the precoding matrix index of the current cell determine the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming.
  • the second channel information of the coordinated cell with the pitch angle value 0 and the channel matrix information of the local cell and the precoding matrix corresponding to the precoding matrix index of the local cell are determined according to at least one of the following manners: Weights of 3D beamforming: signal leakage ratio method, zero forcing method, game theory method.
  • a communication station comprising: a weight determination module configured to adjust a pitch angle indication information and a first channel information from a mobile station of a local cell and a pitch angle from another coordinated cell communication station The indication information and the second channel information determine a weight of the three-dimensional beamforming; the data sending module is configured to perform weighting processing on the data to be sent according to the weight, and send the data to the mobile station of the local cell.
  • the communication station further includes: a first receiving module, configured to receive pitch angle indication information from the mobile station of the own cell, where the pitch angle indication information is calculated by the local station communication station calculated by the mobile station of each coordinated cell a pitch value quantized value of the mobile station; a first sending module, configured to send pitch angle indication information from the mobile station of the local cell to the communication station of the other coordinated cell; and a second receiving module configured to receive the communication station from the other coordinated cell Pitch angle indication information; a second sending module, configured to send pitch angle indication information from other coordinated cell communication stations to the mobile station of the local cell; and a third receiving module, configured to receive first channel information from the mobile station of the own cell a second channel determining module configured to communicate with other coordinated cells according to the first channel information The pitch angle indication information of the station determines the second channel information; and the third sending module is configured to send the second channel information to the communication station of the other coordinated cell.
  • a first receiving module configured to receive pitch angle indication information from the mobile station of the own cell, where the pitch angle indication information is
  • a mobile station including: a pitch angle indication information determining module, configured to determine a pitch angle indication information of a local cell, where the pitch angle indication information is a local cell communication station calculated by the mobile station
  • the fourth transmitting module is configured to send the pitch angle indication information of the local cell to the communication station of the local cell; the fourth receiving module is configured to receive the communication from other coordinated cells forwarded by the local cell communication station.
  • the pitch angle indication information of the station; the first channel determining module is configured to determine the first channel information according to the pitch angle indication information of the local cell and the elevation angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication station;
  • the fifth sending module is configured to be One channel information is transmitted to the cell communication station.
  • the three-dimensional beamforming is applied to the coordinated multi-point transmission, the pitch angle indication information is measured, and the first channel information and the second channel information are determined according to the pitch angle indication information, and the information is first according to the pitch angle indication information.
  • the channel information and the second channel information determine the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming, and the method for weighting the data to be transmitted by using the weight value solves the problem that the two-dimensional beamforming in the related art cannot perform the mobile station with different vertical elevation angles. Differentiating the problem of large processing and feedback, and reducing the amount of feedback while reducing the same-frequency interference of different mobile stations, improving system performance.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of implementing cooperative beamforming according to the related art
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of beamforming different horizontal azimuth mobile stations according to the related art
  • FIG. 3 is the same level of beamforming according to the related art.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a beamforming method for implementing vertical direction interference suppression according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the antenna array index of the preferred embodiment of the present invention is a schematic diagram 1 of an antenna array with a main sequence in the horizontal direction
  • FIG. 7 is a second schematic diagram of an antenna array with an antenna array index in a horizontal direction as a main sequence according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a process for implementing cooperative three-dimensional beamforming according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. FIG. 10 is a first schematic diagram of a cooperative three-dimensional beamforming pitch angle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a cooperative three-dimensional beamforming in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a first schematic diagram of a cooperative three-dimensional beamforming pitch angle according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 11 is a cooperative three-dimensional beamforming in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram 1 of an antenna array in which an antenna array index is mainly in a vertical direction according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 13 is a main sequence of an antenna array index in a vertical direction according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the structure of a communication station according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 15 is a structural block diagram of a communication station according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 16 is a mobile station according to an embodiment of the present invention. Block diagram of the structure.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart of a beamforming method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG.
  • the method includes steps S402 to S404: Step S402, the communication station of each coordinated cell is based on The pitch angle indication information and the first channel information of the mobile station of the local cell and the elevation angle indication information and the second channel information from the other coordinated cell communication stations determine the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming; Step S404, the communication station of each coordinated cell
  • the data to be transmitted is weighted according to the weight, and the data is transmitted to the mobile station of the cell.
  • the three-dimensional beamforming is applied to the coordinated multi-point transmission, the pitch angle indication information is measured, and the first channel information and the second channel information are determined according to the pitch angle indication information, and the information is indicated according to the pitch angle.
  • the mobile station performs the problem of different processing and large amount of community cooperation feedback, thereby reducing the amount of feedback and reducing the same-frequency interference of different mobile stations, thereby improving system performance.
  • the communication station in each coordinated cell determines the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming based on the pitch angle indication information and the first channel information from the mobile station of the own cell and the pitch angle indication information and the second channel information from the other coordinated cell communication stations. , can also include the following processing:
  • the communication station of each coordinated cell transmits the pitch angle indication information from the mobile station of the own cell to the communication station of the other coordinated cell, wherein the pitch angle indication information is the local cell communication calculated by the mobile station of each coordinated cell. a pitch angle quantized value of the station to the mobile station;
  • the communication station of each coordinated cell receives the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication stations, and transmits the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication stations to the mobile station of the own cell;
  • the mobile station of each coordinated cell determines the first channel information according to the received pitch angle indication information of all the coordinated cell communication stations, and transmits the first channel information to the communication station of the local cell;
  • the communication station of each coordinated cell determines the second channel information based on the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication stations, and transmits the determined second channel information to the communication stations of the other coordinated cells.
  • the second channel information may be channel matrix information of the communication station of the coordinated cell of the coordinated cell whose pitch angle indication information is a pitch angle value of 0, wherein the channel matrix information may be a channel coefficient of the communication station to the mobile station.
  • the quantized value of the matrix or the precoding matrix index corresponding to the precoding matrix with the least correlation when the data to be transmitted is weighted, it can be processed by a letter leakage ratio method, a zero forcing method, a game theory method, or the like.
  • Weighting the data to be sent in a variety of ways increases the flexibility of the process.
  • the feedback amount is still quite a lot, based on the consideration of reducing the feedback amount, in step S402.
  • the process of judging the pitch angle indication information is added.
  • the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming is determined according to the precoding matrix corresponding to the precoding matrix index of the current cell; if the pitch angle value is 0, All the pitch angle indication information is the second channel information of the coordinated cell with the pitch angle value of 0 and the channel matrix information of the local cell and the precoding matrix corresponding to the precoding matrix index of the local cell. Determine the weight of the 3D beamforming. In this step, it is necessary to judge the pitch angle indication information, and FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the method of beamforming according to an embodiment of the present invention to implement vertical direction interference suppression. The increased judgment process can greatly reduce the amount of feedback in the process of cooperative three-dimensional beamforming.
  • the pitch angle indication information is not the same as the pitch angle value 1 and the pitch angle value 0, wherein the pitch angle value 1 may indicate that the vertical direction angle is less than or equal to the pitch angle threshold, and the pitch angle value 0 may indicate The vertical direction angle is greater than the pitch angle threshold.
  • the pitch angle is defined as the angle between the transmitted wave and the positive direction of the Z axis
  • the vertical direction angle is defined as the cosine of the pitch angle
  • the pitch angle is defined as the negative direction of the transmitted wave and the Z axis.
  • the vertical direction angle is defined as the sine of the pitch angle.
  • the pitch angle value is artificially defined and can be represented by 0 and 1, or by 1 and 2, and the relationship between the pitch angle value and the pitch angle threshold is also artificially defined.
  • the pitch angle value 1 can also be It indicates that the vertical direction angle is greater than the pitch angle threshold, and the pitch angle value 0 can also indicate that the vertical direction angle is less than or equal to the pitch angle threshold.
  • the pitch angle indication information of the local cell is a pitch angle value of 1
  • the first channel information includes a precoding matrix index of the current cell
  • the pitch angle indication information of the current cell is a pitch angle value of 0
  • the first channel information includes a pre-predetermined cell.
  • the coding matrix index, the channel matrix information of the own cell, and all the elevation angle indication information are the second channel information of the coordinated cell with a pitch angle value of zero.
  • the pitch angle indication information and the second channel information between the coordinated cells may be transmitted by means of wireless broadcasting, optical transmission, coaxial cable, twisted pair or the like.
  • the preferred embodiment of the present invention applies the multi-point transmission technology using three-dimensional beamforming to a planar antenna array.
  • the multi-point transmission technology for applying three-dimensional beamforming can be called a cooperative three-dimensional beam assignment. shape.
  • the planar antenna array is shown in Figures 6 and 7.
  • the antenna array indexes are arranged in the horizontal order, that is, the first row is first, and the second row is followed, until the last row.
  • the antenna array on the XZ plane is shown in Figure 6, and the antenna array on the YZ plane is shown in Figure 7.
  • the communication station has an antenna in the horizontal direction and an antenna in the vertical direction.
  • There are multiple cells in the network of the wireless communication system. As shown in FIG. 8, for the cell 1, by measuring the large-scale fading, it is determined that the coordinated cell includes ⁇ cells, and the communication stations of the cells are The mobile station transmits data on the same time-frequency resource, and the time-frequency resource block carrier index is / 1, .
  • N S , N represents the number of carriers on the resource block, which may be only a pilot carrier or a data carrier. It can also be a pilot and a data carrier, and on this same time-frequency resource, the number of mobile stations served by the communication station of each cell is one.
  • the station index number and the index number of the mobile station are the same as the index number of the cell.
  • FIG. 9 is a flow chart of a method for implementing three-dimensional beamforming in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • the communication station and the mobile station in the coordinated cell may implement cooperative three-dimensional beamforming through steps S902 to SS912: Step S902, the mobile stations in each coordinated cell respectively calculate the pitch angle indication information of the communication station to the mobile station where the cell is located, And feeding the pitch angle indication information to the communication station of the local cell.
  • the pitch angle indication information can be calculated by the following steps: Obtaining the overall channel matrix coefficient H(/) of the communication station to the mobile station of the own cell by channel estimation.
  • N ff represents the number of antennas in the horizontal direction of the antenna array of the communication station, and represents the number of antennas in the vertical direction of the antenna array of the communication station; calculates the correlation matrix of the vertical direction according to the matrix of channel coefficients in the vertical direction
  • m ⁇ ax 11 is the angle between the transmitted wave and the negative direction of the Z axis, according to the inverse d, sin, where is the radio wave
  • the wavelength is the spacing of the antenna elements in the vertical direction
  • the dish is the pitch angle of the communication station to the mobile station in the cell
  • the vertical direction angle is quantized. When it is less than or equal to the feature value threshold, it is a pitch angle value of 1, otherwise it is a pitch angle value of zero. And use the lbit information to give an indication to feed back to the communication station of the cell. Usually, 1 can be used to indicate the pitch angle value of 1, and 0 is used to indicate the pitch angle value of 0.
  • Step S904 the communication station of each cell receives the pitch angle indication information from the mobile station of the own cell, and transmits the pitch angle indication information to the communication station of the other coordinated cell.
  • Step S906 the communication station of each cell receives the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication stations, and transmits the pitch angle indication information to the mobile station of the local cell.
  • Step S908 the mobile station of each cell receives the pitch angle indication information sent by the local cell communication station, and determines the first channel information by using the pitch angle indication information of all the coordinated cells.
  • the determination and feedback of the first channel information can be achieved by the following process.
  • Step S910 The communication station of each cell receives the first channel information fed back by the mobile station of the local cell, and determines the second channel information according to the pitch angle indication information of the communication terminals of the other coordinated cell.
  • the second channel information may be determined by the following method, and the second channel information is fed back to the coordinated cell.
  • the primary coordinated cell determines the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming according to all the pitch angle indication information, the first channel information, and the second channel information, and weights the data to be transmitted by using the three-dimensional beam shaping weight. Then sent to the mobile station of the community.
  • the following processing may be included: when the pitch angle indication information of the local cell is the elevation angle value 1, the weight of the three-dimensional beam is formed by using the precoding matrix corresponding to the precoding matrix index of the current cell; Otherwise, the second channel information of the coordinated cell whose pitch angle indication information is the pitch angle value 0 and the channel matrix information of the local cell and the precoding matrix corresponding to the precoding matrix index of the current cell are jointly based on the signal to noise ratio method. Zero method, game theory method, etc. are used to determine the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming; the communication station of each cell performs weighting processing on the data to be transmitted according to the calculated three-dimensional beamforming weight, and the weighted processed data Send to the communication station of the community.
  • the communication station and the mobile station in the coordinated cell complete the process of cooperatively transmitting data through steps S902 to S912, and they transmit data on the same time-frequency resource, and the co-generation of beamforming weights can greatly reduce the same frequency. Interference increases the transmission efficiency of the wireless communication system.
  • the cooperative cell can be similarly found first, and the process of cooperative three-dimensional beamforming is completed according to the above steps.
  • the antenna of the communication station is in the vertical direction, the first column is arranged first, and then the second column is arranged until the last column.
  • the antenna array on the XZ plane is shown in Figure 12
  • the antenna array on the YZ plane is shown in Figure 13.
  • the communication station has an antenna in the horizontal direction and an antenna in the vertical direction.
  • FIG. 14 is a block diagram showing the structure of a communication station in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the communication station includes: a weight determining module 10 configured to set pitch state indication information and first channel information from the mobile station of the own cell, and pitch angle indication information from other coordinated cell communication stations, and second The channel information determines the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming;
  • the data sending module 20 is coupled to the weight determining module 10, and is configured to perform weighting processing on the data to be sent according to the weight, and send the data to the mobile station of the local cell.
  • a weight determining module 10 configured to set pitch state indication information and first channel information from the mobile station of the own cell, and pitch angle indication information from other coordinated cell communication stations, and second The channel information determines the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming
  • the data sending module 20 is coupled to the weight determining module 10, and is configured to perform weighting processing on the data to be sent according to the weight, and send the data to the mobile station of the local cell.
  • the communication station may further include: a first receiving module 30 configured to receive pitch angle indication information from a mobile station of the own cell, where the pitch angle indication information is calculated by the mobile station of each coordinated cell a pitch value quantized value of the cell communication station to the mobile station; the first sending module 40 is configured to send the pitch angle indication information from the mobile station of the local cell to the communication station of the other coordinated cell; the second receiving module 50 is configured to Receiving pitch angle indication information from other coordinated cell communication stations; second transmitting module 60, configured to transmit pitch angle indication information from other coordinated cell communication stations to the mobile station of the local cell; and third receiving module 70, configured to receive The first channel information from the mobile station of the local cell; the second channel determining module 80 is configured to determine the second channel information according to the first channel information and the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication station; the third sending module 90, setting To transmit the second channel information to the communication stations of other coordinated cells.
  • a first receiving module 30 configured to receive pitch angle indication information from a mobile station of the own cell, where the pitch angle indication information
  • FIG. 16 is a block diagram showing the structure of a mobile station in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the mobile station may include: a pitch angle indication information determining module 100, configured to determine a pitch angle indication information of the local cell, where the pitch angle indication information is a mobile station calculated by the mobile station to the own
  • the fourth transmitting module 102 is configured to transmit the pitch angle indication information of the local cell to the communication station of the local cell, and the fourth receiving module 104 is configured to receive the local cell.
  • the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication stations forwarded by the communication station; the first channel determining module 106 is coupled with the elevation angle indication information determining module 100 and the fourth receiving module 104, and is set to indicate the pitch angle indication information according to the local cell.
  • the pitch angle indication information from the other coordinated cell communication stations determines the first channel information; the fifth transmitting module 108, coupled to the first channel determining module 106, is configured to transmit the first channel information to the own cell communication station.
  • Three-dimensional beamforming is a stereo beamforming technique that simultaneously considers a horizontal azimuth and a vertical elevation angle, which is adaptively By adjusting the horizontal azimuth angle, the vertical pitch angle can be adaptively adjusted, thereby distinguishing between mobile stations of different azimuth angles and mobile stations of different elevation angles.
  • 3D beamforming can better achieve vertical interference suppression. It can meet the requirements of multi-point coordinated transmission more than traditional beamforming, and requires less feedback, which can achieve better feedback with less feedback.
  • the interference suppression effect improves the overall link performance of the system.
  • Industrial Applicability The present invention can be applied to multi-point coordinated transmission in a wireless communication system, by measuring pitch angle indication information, and determining first channel information and second channel information according to pitch angle indication information, and indicating information according to pitch angle, The channel information and the second channel information determine the weight of the three-dimensional beamforming, and the method for weighting the data to be transmitted by using the weight value solves the problem that the two-dimensional beamforming cannot distinguish the mobile stations with different vertical elevation angles. And the problem that the amount of feedback required is large, and the three-dimensional beamforming method provided by the present invention can be better realized.
  • modules or steps of the present invention can be implemented by a general-purpose computing device, which can be concentrated on a single computing device or distributed over a network composed of multiple computing devices. Alternatively, they may be implemented by program code executable by the computing device, such that they may be stored in the storage device by the computing device and, in some cases, may be different from the order herein.
  • the steps shown or described are performed, or they are separately fabricated into individual integrated circuit modules, or a plurality of modules or steps are fabricated as a single integrated circuit module.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种波束赋形方法、通信站及移动站，应用于包括多个协作小区的无线通信系统，该波束赋形方法包括：每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权值；每个协作小区的通信站根据权值对待发送的数据进行加权处理，并将数据发送至本小区的移动站。通过运用该波束赋形方法，解决了相关技术中二维波束赋形无法对垂直俯仰角不同的移动站进行区分处理和反馈量较大的问题，进而在减小反馈量的同时降低了不同移动站的同频干扰，提升了系统性能。

Description

波束赋形方法、 通信站及移动站 技术领域 本发明涉及通信领域， 具体而言， 涉及一种波束赋形方法、 通信站及移动站。 背景技术 传统的蜂窝型网络拓扑结构，是由一个通信站对多个移动站的点对多点传输模式。 对小区边缘的通信站来说， 这种传输模式存在着较大的小区间同频干扰。 解决这种小 区间同频干扰的一个方法可以联合多个通信站， 通信站间相互协作， 把干扰信号变成 有用信号。 这种利用多个通信站与多个移动站在相同时频资源上进行通信的系统， 称 作多点传输。 协作波束成型 （Coordinated Beamforming, 简称为 CB)就是应用较广泛 且易于实现的多点传输技术之一， 如图 1所示， 两个小区相互协作进行波束赋形， 移 动台 1利用相关技术， 确定小区 2为其协作小区。其中， 确定协作小区的方法可以是： 移动站 1测量其它小区所在的通信站到达移动站 1的大尺度衰落， 如果这个大尺度衰 落与通信站 1到达移动站 1的大尺度衰落差值满足一门限值， 则将其作为移动站 1的 协作小区， 并把所有参与协作的小区称为移动站 1的协作小区集合。 对于移动台 1来 说， 小区 1是其主协作小区， 而其它协作小区如小区 2是其辅协作小区。 同样的操作， 可以确定移动站 2的协作小区集合， 在图 1中， 移动站 2主协作小区为小区 2， 而辅 协作小区为小区 1。 这里， 辅协作小区和主协作小区是相对移动站来说的， 如对于移 动站 1来说， 协作小区集合包括小区 1和小区 2， 其中小区 1是主协作小区， 小区 2 是辅助小区。而对于移动站 2来说， 协作小区集合也包括小区 2和小区 1， 其中小区 1 是辅协作小区， 而小区 2是主协作小区。 另外， 协作小区集合里的小区个数可以有两 个以上， 且不一定是互为协作小区的。 比如， 移动站 1的协作小区集合与移动站 2的 协作小区集合可以不一样。 本发明里小区概念可以换成相应的扇区的概念。 协作小区集合里的通信站， 通过相互协作确定主协作小区通信站的一个权值， 并 用这个权值对主协作小区通信站各天线单元发送的数据进行加权处理， 使阵列实时对 准有用信号方向， 而在干扰方向形成零点以抑制干扰信号， 即通过波束赋形技术发送 数据。 一般来说， 传统实现协作波束赋形的方法一般是指二维波束赋形， 需要辅助小区 的移动站反馈主协作小区通信站到该移动站的信道矩阵信息。 以图 1所示的协作小区 系统为例， 对于移动站 1来说， 需要反馈通信站 1到移动站 1的信道矩阵信息和预编 码矩阵索引， 通信站 1也需要移动站 2通过通信站 2反馈通信站 1到移动站 2的信道 矩阵信息。 这种信道矩阵信息可通过预编码矩阵索引间接反馈的， 这要视具体实现算 法而定。 通信站 1通过这些反馈的预编码矩阵索引和信道矩阵信息共同决定其道移动 站 1的预编码矩阵， 这种算法的反馈量是非常大。 并且， 传统的波束赋形只能区分水 平方位角不一样的移动站， 而对于水平方位角一样， 垂直俯仰角不同的移动站是无法 进行区分的。 如图 2和图 3所示， 图 2示出了水平方位角不同、 垂直俯仰角相同的两 个移动站， 图 3示出了水平方位角相同、 垂直俯仰角不同的两个移动站。 对于图 3中 垂直俯仰角不同的移动站， 二维波束赋形无法对其进行区分处理。 发明内容 本发明提供了一种波束赋形方法， 以至少解决相关技术中二维波束赋形无法对垂 直俯仰角不同的移动站进行区分处理且反馈量大的问题。 根据本发明的一个方面， 提供了一种波束赋形方法， 应用于包括多个协作小区的 无线通信系统， 包括： 每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信 息和第一信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确 定三维波束赋形的权值； 每个协作小区的通信站根据权值对待发送的数据进行加权处 理， 并将数据发送至本小区的移动站。 优选地， 每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一 信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维波 束赋形的权值之前， 还包括： 每个协作小区的通信站将来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指 示信息发送至其它协作小区的通信站， 其中， 俯仰角指示信息为每个协作小区的移动 站计算出的本小区通信站到该移动站的俯仰角量化值； 每个协作小区的通信站接收来 自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息， 并将来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指 示信息发送给本小区的移动站； 每个协作小区的移动站根据所接收到的所有协作小区 通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息， 并将第一信道信息发送给本小区的通信 站； 每个协作小区的通信站根据来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第二 信道信息， 并将确定的第二信道信息发送给其它协作小区的通信站。 优选地， 俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1或俯仰角值 0， 其中， 俯仰角值 1表示垂 直方向角小于等于俯仰角门限值， 俯仰角值 0表示垂直方向角大于俯仰角门限值， 当 俯仰角定义为发射波与 Z轴正方向的夹角时， 垂直方向角定义为俯仰角的余弦值， 当 俯仰角定义为发射波与 Z轴负方向的夹角时， 垂直方向角定义为俯仰角的正弦值。 优选地， 当本小区俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1时， 第一信道信息包括本小区的 预编码矩阵索引； 当本小区俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0时， 第一信道信息包括本小 区的预编码矩阵索引、 本小区的信道矩阵信息和所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的 协作小区的第二信道信息。 优选地，协作小区间的俯仰角指示信息和 /或第二信道信息的传输方式至少包括以 下之一： 无线广播的传输方式、 光纤传输方式、 同轴电缆传输方式、 双绞线传输方式。 优选地， 第二信道信息为所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作小区的通信站 到本小区移动站的信道矩阵信息。 优选地， 信道矩阵信息为通信站到移动台的信道系数构成的矩阵的量化值或者与 其相关性最小的预编码矩阵对应的预编码矩阵索引。 优选地， 每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一 信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维波 束赋形的权值， 包括： 当来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1时， 根据 本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的预编码矩阵确定三维波束赋形的权值； 否则， 根据所 有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作小区的第二信道信息和本小区的信道矩阵信息 以及本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的预编码矩阵确定三维波束赋形的权值。 优选地， 通过至少以下一种方式来根据所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作 小区的第二信道信息和本小区的信道矩阵信息以及本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的预 编码矩阵确定三维波束赋形的权值： 信漏噪比方法、 迫零方法、 博弈论方法。 根据本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种通信站， 包括： 权值确定模块， 设置为根据 来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的 俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权值； 数据发送模块， 设置为根 据权值对待发送的数据进行加权处理， 并将数据发送至本小区的移动站。 优选地， 通信站还包括： 第一接收模块， 设置为接收来自本小区移动站的俯仰角 指示信息， 其中， 俯仰角指示信息为每个协作小区的移动站计算出的本小区通信站到 该移动站的俯仰角量化值； 第一发送模块， 设置为将来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示 信息发送至其它协作小区的通信站； 第二接收模块， 设置为接收来自其它协作小区通 信站的俯仰角指示信息； 第二发送模块， 设置为将来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角 指示信息发送至本小区的移动站； 第三接收模块， 设置为接收来自本小区移动站的第 一信道信息； 第二信道确定模块， 设置为根据第一信道信息和来自其它协作小区通信 站的俯仰角指示信息确定第二信道信息； 第三发送模块， 设置为将第二信道信息发送 至其它协作小区的通信站。 根据本发明的另一方面， 提供了一种移动站， 包括： 俯仰角指示信息确定模块， 设置为确定本小区的俯仰角指示信息， 其中俯仰角指示信息为移动站计算出的本小区 通信站到自身的俯仰角量化值； 第四发送模块， 设置为将本小区的俯仰角指示信息发 送至本小区的通信站； 第四接收模块， 设置为接收本小区通信站转发的来自其它协作 小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息； 第一信道确定模块， 设置为根据本小区的俯仰角指示 信息和来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息；第五发送模块， 设置为将第一信道信息发送至本小区通信站。 通过本发明，将三维波束赋形应用到多点协作传输上，通过测量俯仰角指示信息， 并根据俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息及第二信道信息， 并根据俯仰角指示信息、 第一信道信息及第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权值， 使用该权值对待发送的数据 进行加权处理的方法， 解决了相关技术中二维波束赋形无法对垂直俯仰角不同的移动 站进行区分处理和反馈量较大的问题， 进而在减小反馈量的同时降低了不同移动站的 同频干扰， 提升了系统性能。 附图说明 此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解， 构成本申请的一部分， 本发 明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明， 并不构成对本发明的不当限定。 在附图 中： 图 1是根据相关技术的实现协作波束赋形的示意图； 图 2是根据相关技术的波束赋形不同水平方位角移动站示意图； 图 3是根据相关技术的波束赋形相同水平方位角移动站示意图； 图 4是根据本发明实施例的波束赋形方法的流程图； 图 5是根据本发明实施例的波束赋形的方法实现垂直方向干扰抑制的示意图； 图 6是根据本发明优选实施例的天线阵列索引以水平方向为主序的天线阵列示意 图一； 图 7是根据本发明优选实施例的天线阵列索引以水平方向为主序的天线阵列示意 图二； 图 8是根据本发明实施例的协作三维波束赋形实现的过程示意图； 图 9是根据本发明优选实施例的三维波束赋形实现方法的流程图； 图 10是根据本发明优选实施例的协作三维波束赋形俯仰角的示意图一； 图 11是根据本发明优选实施例的协作三维波束赋形俯仰角的示意图二； 图 12 是根据本发明优选实施例的天线阵列索引以垂直方向为主序的天线阵列示 意图一； 图 13 是根据本发明优选实施例的天线阵列索引以垂直方向为主序的天线阵列示 意图二； 图 14是根据本发明实施例的通信站的结构框图一； 图 15是根据本发明实施例的通信站的结构框图二； 以及 图 16是根据本发明实施例的移动站的结构框图。 具体实施方式 下文中将参考附图并结合实施例来详细说明本发明。 需要说明的是， 在不冲突的 情况下， 本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合。 为了解决相关技术中二维波束赋形无法对垂直俯仰角不同的移动站进行区分处理 且协作时反馈量大的问题， 本发明实施例提供了一种波束赋形方法， 应用于包括多个 协作小区的无线通信系统， 图 4是根据本发明实施例的波束赋形方法的流程图， 如图 4所示， 该方法包括步骤 S402至步骤 S404: 步骤 S402，每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第 一信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维 波束赋形的权值； 步骤 S404, 每个协作小区的通信站根据权值对待发送的数据进行加权处理， 并将 数据发送至本小区的移动站。 通过本发明实施例， 采用将三维波束赋形应用到多点协作传输上， 通过测量俯仰 角指示信息， 并根据俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息及第二信道信息， 并根据俯仰 角指示信息、 第一信道信息及第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权值， 使用该权值对 待发送的数据进行加权处理的方法， 解决了相关技术中二维波束赋形无法对垂直俯仰 角不同的移动站进行区分处理和小区协作反馈量大的问题， 进而在减小反馈量的同时 降低了不同移动站的同频干扰， 提升了系统性能。 在每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一信道信 息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形 的权值之前， 还可以包括以下处理：
( 1 )每个协作小区的通信站将来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息发送至其它协 作小区的通信站， 其中， 俯仰角指示信息为每个协作小区的移动站计算出的本小区通 信站到该移动站的俯仰角量化值；
(2)每个协作小区的通信站接收来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息， 并 将来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息发送给本小区的移动站；
(3 )每个协作小区的移动站根据所接收到的所有协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信 息确定第一信道信息， 并将第一信道信息发送给本小区的通信站；
(4)每个协作小区的通信站根据来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定 第二信道信息， 并将确定的第二信道信息发送给其它协作小区的通信站。 其中第二信 道信息可以为所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作小区的通信站到本小区移动站 的信道矩阵信息， 其中， 该信道矩阵信息可以为通信站到移动台的信道系数构成的矩 阵的量化值或者与其相关性最小的预编码矩阵对应的预编码矩阵索引。 其中， 在对待发送的数据进行加权处理时， 可以通过信漏噪比方法、 迫零方法、 博弈论方法等对其进行处理。 通过多种方法对待发送的数据进行加权处理， 增加了处 理过程的灵活性。 在协作二维波束赋形的过程中， 存在很大的反馈量， 当运用三微波束赋形实现多 点协作传输的过程中， 反馈量仍然不少， 基于减少反馈量的考虑， 在步骤 S402执行过 程中， 增加了判断俯仰角指示信息的过程。 当来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息为 俯仰角值 1时， 则根据本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的预编码矩阵确定三维波束赋形 的权值； 若俯仰角值 0时， 则根据所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作小区的第 二信道信息和本小区的信道矩阵信息以及本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的预编码矩阵 确定三维波束赋形的权值。 在此步骤中， 需要对俯仰角指示信息进行判断， 图 5是根 据本发明实施例的波束赋形的方法实现垂直方向干扰抑制的示意图。增加的判断过程， 可以大大减少在协作三维波束赋形的过程中的反馈量。 在实施过程中，俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1和俯仰角值 0表示的含义并不相同， 其中， 俯仰角值 1可以表示垂直方向角小于等于俯仰角门限值， 俯仰角值 0可以表示 垂直方向角大于俯仰角门限值， 当俯仰角定义为发射波与 Z轴正方向的夹角时， 垂直 方向角定义为俯仰角的余弦值， 当俯仰角定义为发射波与 Z轴负方向的夹角时， 垂直 方向角定义为俯仰角的正弦值。 当然， 俯仰角值是人为定义， 可以用 0和 1表示， 也 可以用 1和 2表示， 并且， 该俯仰角值与俯仰角门限值的关系也是人为定义的， 例如， 俯仰角值 1也可以表示垂直方向角大于俯仰角门限值， 俯仰角值 0也可以表示垂直方 向角小于等于俯仰角门限值。 当本小区俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1时， 第一信道信息包括本小区的预编码矩 阵索引； 当本小区俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0时， 第一信道信息包括本小区的预编 码矩阵索引、 本小区的信道矩阵信息和所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作小区 的第二信道信息。 在处理上述信息的过程中， 协作小区间的俯仰角指示信息及第二信道信息可以通 过无线广播的方式， 光纤、 同轴电缆、 双绞线等有线传输方式进行传输。 优选实施例 本实施例将这种应用三维波束赋形的多点传输技术应用于平面天线阵列， 在本实 施例中， 可以将这种应用三维波束赋形的多点传输技术叫协作三维波束赋形。 平面天 线阵如图 6和图 7所示。 天线阵列索引以水平方向为主序排列， 即先排第一行， 再排 第二行， 直到最后一行。 X-Z平面上的天线阵列如图 6所示， Y-Z平面的天线阵列如 图 7所示。 通信站在水平方向上有 ^根天线， 在垂直方向上有 根天线。 无线通信 系统的网络中有多个小区， 如图 8所示， 对于小区 1来说， 通过大尺度衰落的测量， 判定其协作的小区包括 Λ ^个小区， 这 Λ ^个小区的通信站和移动站在相同的时频资源 上发送数据， 其时频资源块载波索引为 / = 1, . , NS， N表示资源块上的载波个数， 它 可以仅是导频载波或者数据载波， 也可以是导频和数据载波， 且在这个相同的时频资 源上， 每个小区的通信站服务的移动站个数都为 1个， 为了简化下标的表示， 我们规 定同一个小区里的通信站索引号、 移动站的索引号都跟小区的索引号相同， 例如， 小 区 对应的通信站索引号为 ， 移动站对应的索引号为 ， i = \,' , Nc。 如图 9所示， 是根据本发明优选实施例的三维波束赋形实现方法的流程图。 协作 小区里的通信站和移动站可以通过步骤 S902至步骤 SS912实现协作三维波束赋形： 步骤 S902,每个协作小区里的移动站分别计算其所在小区通信站到移动站的俯仰 角指示信息， 并将该俯仰角指示信息反馈给本小区的通信站。 俯仰角指示信息可以通 过如下步骤进行计算： 通过信道估计获取本小区通信站到移动站的整体信道矩阵系数 H(/)。 对于 j = \,---,NH,l = \,---,Ns, 提取垂 H"/,_/')， 它由 (/)中所有列 索引满足 ΐμ + ',ζ' = 1,···,Λ 的列构成的矩阵。其中， (/)中的元素 m(/)表 示通信站第 根天线到移动站第"根天线在资源块上第 /个载波上的信道系数， n = \,'-',NR, m = (i-\)NH+j, ί = \,···,Νν, j = \,'",NH, NR表示移动立占的天线数目，
Nff表示通信站天线阵列在水平方向上的天线数目， 表示通信站天线阵列在垂直方 向的天线数目； 根据 垂 直 方 向 的 信道 系 数矩 阵 计 算 垂 直 方 向 的 相 关矩 阵
1
尺, 计算垂直方向的激励向量 ^与垂直方向的相关矩阵 的二次型的绝对值 其中， 垂直方向的激励向量 = 1 e
Figure imgf000009_0001
， 其中， 上标 H表 示矩阵的共轭转置， 上标 Γ表示矩阵的转置 在 [- τ, τ)的范围内搜索使得 Ri 取最大值的 max， 其中， 如果俯仰角定义如 10所示， 为发射波与 Z轴正方向的夹角， 按顺时针方向增大， 范围为 [0， r]， 则
,m ―ax 11 ，为发射波与 Z轴负方向的夹角， 按逆时 d, sin ， 其中， 是无线电波
Figure imgf000009_0002
的波长， 是天线阵元在垂直方向上的间距， ^皿是本小区通信站到移动站的俯仰角， λ
且定义 =· - 为垂直方向角,
2nd, 对垂直方向角 进行量化， 当 小于或等于特征值门限值时， 其为俯仰角值 1， 否则为俯仰角值 0。并用 lbit信息进行指示以反馈给本小区的通信站。通常， 可以用 1 表示俯仰角值 1， 用 0表示俯仰角值 0。 步骤 S904, 每个小区的通信站接收来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息， 并将俯 仰角指示信息发送给其它协作小区的通信站。 步骤 S906, 每个小区的通信站接收来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息， 并将俯仰角指示信息发送给本小区的移动站。 步骤 S908, 每个小区的移动站接收本小区通信站所发送的俯仰角指示信息， 并利 用所有协作小区的俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息。 第一信道信息的确定和反馈可 以通过如下过程实现。 根据本小区通信站到移动站的整体信道矩阵系数 H (/)， / = 1, NS计算预编码矩 阵， 并将该预编码矩阵对应的预编码矩阵索引作为第一信道信息的一部分。 如果本小区的俯仰角指示值为 0， 则本小区通信站到移动站的整体信道矩阵系数 H {1) , / = 1, NS的量化值或者与其最匹配的预编码矩阵对应的预编码矩阵索引作为 第一信道信息的一部分。 如果本小区的俯仰角值为 0且该小区是作为其它协作小区的辅协作小区， 则对所 有以其为辅协作小区的主协作小区来说， 如果该主协作小区的俯仰角值为 0， 则该主 协作小区通信站到本小区移动站的信道矩阵信息为第一信道信息的一部分。 向本小区 通信站反馈第一信道信息。 步骤 S910, 每个小区的通信站接收本小区移动站反馈的第一信道信息， 并根据其 它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第二信道信息。 可以通过如下方法确定第二 信道信息， 并向协作小区反馈该第二信道信息。 如果本小区的俯仰角值为 0且该小区是作为其它协作小区的辅协作小区， 对所有 以其为辅协作小区的主协作小区， 如果该主协作小区的俯仰角值为 0， 则该主协作小 区通信站到本小区移动站的信道矩阵信息为第二信道信息； 其它情况，第二信息为空。 向协作小区发送第二信道信息。 步骤 S912， 每个小区的通信站根据所有的俯仰角指示信息、 第一信道信息、 第二 信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权值， 并将待发送的数据用三维波束赋形权值加权处理 后发送给本小区的移动站。 在步骤 S912的执行过程中， 可以包括如下处理： 当本小区俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1时， 用本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的预 编码矩阵为其三维波束赋形的权值； 否则， 用所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协 作小区的第二信道信息和本小区的信道矩阵信息以及本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的 预编码矩阵共同基于信漏噪比方法、 迫零方法、 博弈论方法等来实现确定三维波束赋 形的权值； 每个小区的通信站根据所计算的三维波束赋形权值， 对待发送的数据进行 加权处理， 并将加权处理后的数据发送给本小区的通信站。 协作小区里的通信站和移动站， 通过步骤 S902至步骤 S912完成了协作传输数据 的过程， 它们在相同的时频资源上发送数据， 且由于协作生成波束赋形权值， 可以大 幅降低同频干扰， 提高了无线通信系统的传输效率。 对于其它时频资源上的用户， 可以类似地先找出它的协作小区， 并根据上述步骤 完成协作三维波束赋形的过程。 当通信站的天线以垂直方向为主序， 即先排第一列， 再排第二列， 直到最后一列。 X-Z平面上的天线阵列如图 12所示， Y-Z平面的天线阵列如图 13所示。 通信站在水 平方向上有 ^根天线， 在垂直方向上有 根天线。 在这种情况下， 只要将步骤 S902 中 对 于 所 有 的 j = \,'",NH,l = \, ,Ns ， 由 (/) 中 所 有 列 索 引 满 足 mi = <J-\)Nv+i,i = ---,Nv的列构成的矩阵作为垂直方向上的信道系数矩阵 HV{I ), 其中， H(/)中的元素 m(/)表示通信站第™根天线到移动站第"根天线在 资源块上第 /个载波上的信道系数， n = \,---,NR， m = (j-l)Nv+i , i = l,-,Nv , j = l,-,NH, NR表示移动站的天线数目， Nff表示通信站天线阵列在水平方向上的天 线数目， 表示通信站天线阵列在垂直方向的天线数目； / = 1,···,Λ 表示资源块上的 载波个数， 它可以仅是导频载波或者数据载波， 也可以是导频和数据载波。 在修改上 述参数后， 可对其进行相似运算， 此处不进行赘述。 图 14是根据本发明实施例的通信站的结构框图一。如图 14所示， 该通信站包括: 权值确定模块 10， 设置为根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一信道信息以 及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权 值； 数据发送模块 20， 与权值确定模块 10耦合， 设置为根据权值对待发送的数据进 行加权处理， 并将数据发送至本小区的移动站。 如图 15所示， 该通信站还可以包括： 第一接收模块 30， 设置为接收来自本小区 移动站的俯仰角指示信息， 其中， 俯仰角指示信息为每个协作小区的移动站计算出的 本小区通信站到该移动站的俯仰角量化值； 第一发送模块 40， 设置为将来自本小区移 动站的俯仰角指示信息发送至其它协作小区的通信站； 第二接收模块 50， 设置为接收 来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息； 第二发送模块 60， 设置为将来自其它协 作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息发送至本小区的移动站； 第三接收模块 70， 设置为接 收来自本小区移动站的第一信道信息； 第二信道确定模块 80， 设置为根据第一信道信 息和来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第二信道信息； 第三发送模块 90， 设置为将第二信道信息发送至其它协作小区的通信站。 图 16是根据本发明实施例的移动站的结构框图。 如图 16所示， 该移动站可以包 括： 俯仰角指示信息确定模块 100， 设置为确定本小区的俯仰角指示信息， 其中， 俯 仰角指示信息为移动站计算出的本小区通信站到自身的俯仰角量化值； 第四发送模块 102， 与俯仰角指示信息确定模块 100耦合， 设置为将本小区的俯仰角指示信息发送至 本小区的通信站； 第四接收模块 104， 设置为接收本小区通信站转发的来自其它协作 小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息； 第一信道确定模块 106， 与俯仰角指示信息确定模块 100和第四接收模块 104耦合， 设置为根据本小区的俯仰角指示信息和来自其它协作 小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息； 第五发送模块 108， 与第一信道确 定模块 106耦合， 设置为将第一信道信息发送至本小区通信站。 从以上的描述中， 可以看出， 本发明实现了如下技术效果： 三维波束赋形是一种同时考虑水平方位角和垂直俯仰角的一种立体的波束赋形技 术， 它既能自适应地调整水平方位角度， 又能自适应地调整垂直俯仰角度， 从而既能 区分不同方位角的移动站， 也能区分不同俯仰角的移动站。 三维波束赋形能更好地实 现垂直方向的干扰抑制， 它比传统波束赋形更能满足多点协作传输的要求， 且需要的 反馈量更少， 即能以较小的反馈量实现更好的干扰抑制效果， 提高了系统的整体链路 性能。 工业实用性 本发明可用于无线通信系统中的多点协作传输上， 通过测量俯仰角指示信息， 并 根据俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息及第二信道信息， 并根据俯仰角指示信息、 第 一信道信息及第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权值， 使用该权值对待发送的数据进 行加权处理的方法， 解决了二维波束赋形无法对垂直俯仰角不同的移动站进行区分处 理以及所需的反馈量较大的问题， 通过本发明提供的三维波束赋形方法能更好地实现 垂直方向的干扰抑制， 它比传统波束赋形更能满足多点协作传输的要求， 且需要的反 馈量更少， 从而降低了不同移动站的同频干扰， 提升了系统性能。 显然， 本领域的技术人员应该明白， 上述的本发明的各模块或各步骤可以用通用 的计算装置来实现， 它们可以集中在单个的计算装置上， 或者分布在多个计算装置所 组成的网络上， 可选地， 它们可以用计算装置可执行的程序代码来实现， 从而， 可以 将它们存储在存储装置中由计算装置来执行， 并且在某些情况下， 可以以不同于此处 的顺序执行所示出或描述的步骤， 或者将它们分别制作成各个集成电路模块， 或者将 它们中的多个模块或步骤制作成单个集成电路模块来实现。 这样， 本发明不限制于任 何特定的硬件和软件结合。 以上仅为本发明的优选实施例而已， 并不用于限制本发明， 对于本领域的技术人 员来说， 本发明可以有各种更改和变化。 凡在本发明的精神和原则之内， 所作的任何 修改、 等同替换、 改进等， 均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种波束赋形方法， 应用于包括多个协作小区的无线通信系统， 包括：
每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一信 道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三 维波束赋形的权值；
所述每个协作小区的通信站根据所述权值对待发送的数据进行加权处理， 并将所述数据发送至所述本小区的移动站。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移 动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角 指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权值之前， 还包括：
每个协作小区的通信站将来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息发送至其它 协作小区的通信站， 其中， 所述俯仰角指示信息为所述每个协作小区的移动站 计算出的本小区通信站到该移动站的俯仰角量化值；
所述每个协作小区的通信站接收来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信 息， 并将来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息发送给本小区的移动站； 每个协作小区的移动站根据本小区的俯仰角指示信息和所接收到的其它协 作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息， 并将所述第一信道信息发 送给本小区的通信站；
每个协作小区的通信站根据所述第一信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信 站的俯仰角指示信息确定第二信道信息， 并将确定的所述第二信道信息发送给 其它协作小区的通信站。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 所述俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1或俯仰 角值 0， 其中， 俯仰角值 1表示垂直方向角小于等于俯仰角门限值， 俯仰角值 0 表示垂直方向角大于俯仰角门限值， 当俯仰角定义为发射波与 z轴正方向的夹 角时， 垂直方向角定义为俯仰角的余弦值， 当俯仰角定义为发射波与 z轴负方 向的夹角时， 垂直方向角定义为俯仰角的正弦值。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法，其中， 当本小区俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1时， 所述第一信道信息包括本小区的预编码矩阵索引； 当本小区俯仰角指示信息为 俯仰角值 0时， 所述第一信道信息包括本小区的预编码矩阵索引、 本小区的信 道矩阵信息和所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作小区的通信站到本小区 移动站的信道矩阵信息。 根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其中， 协作小区间的俯仰角指示信息和 /或所述第 二信道信息的传输方式至少包括以下之一：
无线广播的传输方式、 光纤传输方式、 同轴电缆传输方式、 双绞线传输方 式。 根据权利要求 3所述的方法， 其中， 第二信道信息为所有俯仰角指示信息为俯 仰角值 0的协作小区的通信站到本小区移动站的信道矩阵信息。 根据权利要求 6所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述信道矩阵信息为通信站到移动 台的信道系数构成的矩阵的量化值或者与其相关性最小的预编码矩阵对应的预 编码矩阵索引。 根据权利要求 3所述的方法， 其中， 每个协作小区的通信站根据来自本小区移 动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一信道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角 指示信息和第二信道信息确定三维波束赋形的权值， 包括：
当来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 1时， 根据本小区的预 编码矩阵索引对应的预编码矩阵确定所述三维波束赋形的权值； 否则， 根据所有俯仰角指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作小区的第二信道信息 和本小区的信道矩阵信息以及本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的预编码矩阵确定 所述三维波束赋形的权值。 根据权利要求 8所述的方法， 其中， 通过至少以下一种方式来根据所有俯仰角 指示信息为俯仰角值 0的协作小区的第二信道信息和本小区的信道矩阵信息以 及本小区的预编码矩阵索引对应的预编码矩阵确定所述三维波束赋形的权值： 信漏噪比方法、 迫零方法、 博弈论方法。 一种通信站， 包括：
权值确定模块， 设置为根据来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息和第一信 道信息以及来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息和第二信道信息确定三 维波束赋形的权值；
数据发送模块， 设置为根据所述权值对待发送的数据进行加权处理， 并将 所述数据发送至所述本小区的移动站。 11. 根据权利要求 10所述的通信站， 其中， 所述通信站还包括： 第一接收模块， 设置为接收来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息， 其中， 所述俯仰角指示信息为所述每个协作小区的移动站计算出的本小区通信站到该 移动站的俯仰角量化值；
第一发送模块， 设置为将来自本小区移动站的俯仰角指示信息发送至其它 协作小区的通信站；
第二接收模块， 设置为接收来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息； 第二发送模块， 设置为将来自其它协作小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息发送 至本小区的移动站； 第三接收模块， 设置为接收来自本小区移动站的第一信道信息； 第二信道确定模块， 设置为根据所述第一信道信息和来自其它协作小区通 信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第二信道信息；
第三发送模块，设置为将所述第二信道信息发送至其它协作小区的通信站。
12. 一种移动站， 包括：
俯仰角指示信息确定模块， 设置为确定本小区的俯仰角指示信息， 其中俯 仰角指示信息为所述移动站计算出的本小区通信站到自身的俯仰角量化值； 第四发送模块，设置为将本小区的俯仰角指示信息发送至本小区的通信站; 第四接收模块， 设置为接收本小区通信站转发的来自其它协作小区通信站 的俯仰角指示信息；
第一信道确定模块， 设置为根据本小区的俯仰角指示信息和来自其它协作 小区通信站的俯仰角指示信息确定第一信道信息；
第五发送模块， 设置为将所述第一信道信息发送至所述本小区通信站。
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