WO2013089132A1 - Solar cell module and photovoltaic power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

A solar cell module provided with: a light condensing plate having a principal surface and at least one end surface, solar light entering the light condensing plate from the principal surface, propagating within the light condensing plate, and being beamed out from the light condensing plate from at least one end surface; a solar cell element installed on the end surface of the light condensing plate, the solar cell element receiving the light beamed out from the end surface and generating electrical power; and a reflector installed on the rear-surface side of the light condensing plate, the reflector reflecting the light transmitted through the light condensing plate towards a predetermined direction on the solar-light-entry-path side with respect to the normal line of the principal surface.

Description

Solar cell module and solar power generation device

The present invention relates to a solar cell module and a solar power generation device.
This application claims priority based on Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-274517 filed in Japan on December 15, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.

A solar power generation device described in Patent Document 1 is installed as a solar power generation device that generates power by installing a solar cell element on an end surface of a light guide and making light propagated through the light guide enter the solar cell element. Solar energy recovery windows) are known. This solar power generation device is a window-type solar power generation device using a light guide as a window, and a part of sunlight incident from one main surface of the light guide is propagated inside the light guide. It is comprised so that it may guide to a solar cell element. A phosphor is applied to the surface of the light guide, and the phosphor is excited and emits light by sunlight incident on the light guide. Light (fluorescence) radiated from the phosphor propagates through the light guide and enters the solar cell element to generate power.

In addition, in Patent Document 2, the light transmitting member having a substantially right-sided side surface has one surface orthogonal to each other as a solar light incident surface, and a solar cell is attached to the other surface in a vertical posture. There has been proposed a solar cell having a structure in which an inclined surface of the translucent member is used as a reflecting surface of incident sunlight.

By the way, in general, a solar power generation device cannot absorb all incident light by a light collecting member (light collecting member) such as the light guide or a light transmitting member. Therefore, normally, in order to further improve the light utilization efficiency, a reflective layer is provided on the back side of the light collecting member, and the reflected light is collected by reflecting the light transmitted through the light collecting member and returning it to the light collecting member again. The light is condensed by the optical member, and the power generation efficiency is increased by increasing the light utilization efficiency.

JP-A-3-273686 JP 2004-047752 A

However, since the condensing member cannot absorb all the incident light, it cannot absorb all of the reflected light, and a part of the reflected light is emitted from the condensing member. That is, the light that is specularly reflected or scattered and reflected by the reflective layer is emitted from the light collecting member to the outside. Therefore, when such a condensing member is provided on a window or wall of a building or the like, sunlight that has not been absorbed by the condensing member is incident on surrounding buildings by being specularly reflected or scattered and reflected. It will cause light damage. Moreover, when such reflected light irradiates a building or the surface of the earth and is absorbed and stored therein, the heat island phenomenon is likely to occur.

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and the object of the present invention is to prevent light damage to buildings around the place of installation, and to further suppress the heat island phenomenon. A module and a solar power generation apparatus using the module are provided.

In order to achieve the above object, the solar cell module of the present invention has a main surface and at least one end surface, allows sunlight to enter from the main surface, propagate inside, and emit from at least one end surface. A light collecting plate, a solar cell element that receives light emitted from the end surface and installed on the end face of the light collecting plate, generates power, and is installed on the back side of the light collecting plate and passes through the light collecting plate. And a reflector that reflects the reflected light in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the sunlight with respect to the normal line of the main surface.

Further, in the solar cell module, the light collector is characterized in that a fluorescent material that absorbs incident light and emits fluorescence is dispersed in a transparent substrate.
Further, in the solar cell module, the light collector has a prism shape for refracting and reflecting incident light.

In the solar cell module, the reflector is a retroreflector.
Moreover, the said solar cell module WHEREIN: The said retroreflection board is a corner cube type retroreflection board, It is characterized by the above-mentioned.
In the solar cell module, the retroreflector is a microbead retroreflector.

Further, in the solar cell module, the reflector is an off-axis plate having a reflecting surface facing a predetermined direction different from a normal direction of the main surface.

Further, in the solar cell module, the off-axis plate has a number of prism shapes each having a reflecting surface facing a predetermined direction.

In the solar cell module, the off-axis plate is made of a dielectric multilayer film.

Further, in the solar cell module, the off-axis plate is characterized in that reflective plate-like particles are arranged in a transparent base material with their reflecting surfaces directed in a predetermined direction.

A solar power generation device according to the present invention includes the above-described solar cell module.

According to the present invention, since the reflector that reflects the light transmitted through the light collector in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of sunlight with respect to the normal line of the main surface of the light collector is provided, the light passes through the light collector. Light can be reflected to the sun without regular reflection. Therefore, by regularly reflecting sunlight, it is possible to prevent reflected light from irradiating a building or the like in a direction different from the sun and causing light damage. Moreover, since it is prevented to irradiate light to surrounding buildings and the ground surface, the heat island phenomenon can also be suppressed.

It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of 1st Embodiment of the solar cell module which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic perspective view of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment. It is sectional drawing of a solar cell module. It is a top view explaining the structure of a corner cube array. It is a perspective view explaining the structure of a corner cube array. It is principal part side sectional drawing explaining the structure of a corner cube array. It is principal part side sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the retroreflection board provided with the micro bead array. It is principal part side sectional drawing which shows schematic structure of the retroreflection board provided with the micro bead array. It is a schematic diagram for demonstrating the effect | action of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment. It is a sectional side view which shows the modification of a light-condensing plate. It is a sectional side view which shows the modification of a light-condensing plate. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of the solar cell module of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of a light-condensing plate. It is a principal part enlarged view of the light-condensing plate shown to FIG. 9A. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of a light-condensing plate. It is a perspective view which shows the modification of a light-condensing plate. It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of 2nd Embodiment of the solar cell module which concerns on this invention. It is a principal part perspective view of a reflecting plate. It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of 3rd Embodiment of the solar cell module which concerns on this invention. It is explanatory drawing of the off-axis reflecting plate which consists of a dielectric multilayer film. It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of 4th Embodiment of the solar cell module which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of 5th Embodiment of the solar cell module which concerns on this invention. It is a schematic block diagram of a solar power generation device.

The present invention will be described in detail below. In the following drawings, the scale of each component is appropriately changed in order to make each component recognizable.
[First Embodiment]
FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a schematic configuration of a first embodiment of a solar cell module according to the present invention.

As shown in FIG. 1, the solar cell module 1 is installed on the side wall surface of the building B <b> 1, and the light collector 2 installed opposite to the sun and the solar cell element 3 provided on the end surface of the light collector 2. And a reflector 4 (reflector) provided on the back side of the light collector 2 and a frame (not shown).

That is, the solar cell module 1 includes a rectangular plate-shaped light collecting plate 2, a solar cell element 3 that receives light emitted from the first end surface 2 c of the light collecting plate 2, the light collecting plate 2, and the sun as shown in FIG. 2. And a frame 5 that integrally holds the battery element 3.
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the light collector 2 includes a main surface 2a serving as a light incident surface, a back surface 2b opposite to the main surface 2a, the first end surface 2c serving as a light exit surface, and other components. It has an end face. In the present embodiment, the reflective layer 6 is provided on the end face other than the first end face 2c.

As shown in FIG. 3, the light collector 2 includes a phosphor 8 in a transparent base material 7 made of a highly transparent organic material such as an acrylic resin such as PMMA, a polycarbonate resin, or a transparent inorganic material such as glass. Are dispersed. The phosphor 8 is an optical functional material that absorbs ultraviolet light or visible light and emits and emits visible light or infrared light. In the present embodiment, the phosphor 8 is dispersed almost uniformly in the transparent substrate 7. Note that visible light is light in a wavelength region of 380 nm to 750 nm, ultraviolet light is light in a wavelength region less than 380 nm, and infrared light is light in a wavelength region larger than 750 nm.

As the phosphor 8 to be dispersed, either an inorganic phosphor or an organic phosphor can be used.
Examples of organic phosphors include coumarin dyes, perylene dyes, phthalocyanine dyes, stilbene dyes, cyanine dyes, polyphenylene dyes, xanthene dyes, pyridine dyes, oxazine dyes, chrysene dyes, and thioflavine dyes. Dye, perylene dye, pyrene dye, anthracene dye, acridone dye, acridine dye, fluorene dye, terphenyl dye, ethene dye, butadiene dye, hexatriene dye, oxazole dye, coumarin dye Dyes, stilbene dyes, di- and triphenylmethane dyes, thiazole dyes, thiazine dyes, naphthalimide dyes, anthraquinone dyes and the like are preferably used, and specifically, 3- (2′-benzothiazolyl) ) -7-Diethylaminocoumarin (Kumari 6), 3- (2′-benzoimidazolyl) -7-N, N-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin 7), 3- (2′-N-methylbenzimidazolyl) -7-N, N-diethylaminocoumarin (coumarin 30) , 2,3,5,6-1H, 4H-tetrahydro-8-trifluoromethylquinolidine (9,9a, 1-gh) coumarin (coumarin 153) and other coumarin dyes, and basic coumarin dyes Naphthalimide dyes such as yellow 51, solvent yellow 11 and solvent yellow 116; rhodamine dyes such as rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, rhodamine 3B, rhodamine 101, rhodamine 110, sulforhodamine, basic violet 11 and basic red 2; 1-ethyl-2- [4- (p-dimethyl) Minofeniru) -1,3-butadienyl] pyridinium - perchlorate (pyridine 1) pyridine dyes such as news, cyanine dyes, or the like oxazine dyes are used.
Furthermore, various dyes (direct dyes, acid dyes, basic dyes, disperse dyes, etc.) can be used as the phosphor of the present invention as long as they have fluorescence.

Examples of the inorganic phosphor include GdBO ₃ : Eu, Gd ₂ O ₃ : Eu, Gd ₂ O ₂ S: Eu, Gd ₃ Al ₅ O ₁₂ : Eu, and Gd ₃ Ga ₅ O ₁₂ : _{Eu, GdVO 4: Eu, Gd} 3 Ga 5 O 12: Ce, Cr, Y 2 O 3: Eu, Y 2 O 2 S: Eu, La 2 O 3: Eu, La 2 O 2 S: Eu, InBO 3 : Eu, (Y, In) BO ₃ : Eu, etc., and Gd ₂ O ₃ : Tb, Gd ₂ O ₂ S: Tb, Gd ₂ O ₂ S: Pr, Gd ₃ Al ₅ O, which are green phosphors ₁₂ : Tb, Gd ₃ Ga ₅ O ₁₂ : Tb, Y ₂ O ₃ : Tb, Y ₂ O ₂ S: Tb, Y ₂ O ₂ S: Tb, Dy, La ₂ O ₂ S: Tb, ZnS: Cu, _{ZnS: Cu, Au, Zn 2} SiO 4: Mn, InBO _{: Tb, MgGa 2 O 4:} Mn , etc., a further phosphor blue light emitting _{YAlO 3: Ce, Y 2 SiO} 5: Ce, Gd 2 SiO 5: Ce, YTaO 4: Nb, BaFCl: Eu, ZnS: Ag CaWO ₄ , CdWO ₄ , ZnWO ₄ , MgWO ₄ , Sr ₅ (PO ₄ ) ₃ Cl: Eu, YPO ₄ : Cl, and the like are used.
In the present invention, only one type of phosphor may be used, or a plurality of types may be used in combination.

As the transparent base material 7, a material having a transmittance of 90% or more, more preferably 93% or more for light in a wavelength region of 360 nm or more and 800 nm or less is suitable so that external light can be effectively taken in. . For example, an acrylic substrate such as PMMA resin, a silicon resin substrate, a quartz substrate, or the like is preferably used because it has high transparency to light in a wide wavelength region.

The main surface 2a and the back surface 2b of the light collector 2 are parallel and flat to each other. Light that travels from the inside of the light collector 2 toward the outside thereof (light emitted from the phosphor) is reflected toward the inside of the light collector 2 at all end surfaces other than the first end surface 2 c of the light collector 2. The reflective layer 6 is provided in direct contact with the end surface via an air layer or without the air layer.

Examples of the reflective layer 6 provided on the end face include a reflective layer made of a metal film such as silver or aluminum, or a reflective layer made of a dielectric multilayer film such as an ESR (Enhanced Specular） Reflector) reflective film (manufactured by 3M). Is used. The reflection layer may be a specular reflection layer that specularly reflects incident light or a scattering reflection layer that scatters and reflects incident light. When a scattering reflection layer is used as the reflection layer, the amount of light that goes directly in the direction of the solar cell element 3 increases, so that the light collection efficiency to the solar cell element 3 increases and the amount of power generation increases. In addition, since the reflected light is scattered, changes in the amount of power generation with time and season are averaged. As the scattering reflection layer, microfoamed PET (polyethylene terephthalate) (manufactured by Furukawa Electric) is used.

In the solar cell element 3, the light receiving surface is arranged to face the first end surface 2 c of the light collector 2. The solar cell element 3 is preferably optically bonded to the first end face 2c. As the solar cell element 3, a known solar cell such as a silicon solar cell, a compound solar cell, a quantum dot solar cell, or an organic solar cell can be used. Especially, the compound type solar cell and quantum dot solar cell using a compound semiconductor are suitable as the solar cell element 3 since highly efficient electric power generation is possible. Examples of compound solar cells include InGaP, GaAs, InGaAs, AlGaAs, Cu (In, Ga) Se ₂ , Cu (In, Ga) (Se, S) ₂ , CuInS ₂ , CdTe, and CdS. Examples of the quantum dot solar cell include Si and InGaAs. However, other types of solar cells such as Si and organic can be used depending on the price and application.

1 to 3 show an example in which the solar cell element 3 is installed only on one end surface 2c of the light collector 2. However, the solar cell element 3 may be installed on a plurality of end surfaces of the light collector 2. . When the solar cell element 3 is installed on a part of the end surface (one side, two sides, or three sides) of the light collector 2, the reflective layer 6 may be installed on the end surface where the solar cell element 3 is not installed. preferable.

As shown in FIG. 2, the frame 5 is made of a frame such as aluminum, the main surface 2 a of the light collector 2 is exposed to the outside, and in this state, the four circumferences of the light collector 2 are held, and the solar cell elements 3 are also collected. It is held together with the light plate 2. A transparent member such as glass may be fitted into the opening 5a that faces the main surface 2a of the light collector 2 to the outside. Under such a configuration, the light collector 2 has a main surface 2a facing the outside from the frame 5 as a light incident surface, and a first end surface 2c of the light collector 2 as a light exit surface. A part of the external light (sunlight) incident from the main surface 2 a is transmitted through the back surface 2 b and is incident on the reflection plate 4.

The reflection plate 4 is installed on the back surface 2b side of the light collector 2, and a part of the incident light L1 incident on the light collector 2 out of the light from the sun S (sunlight L) as shown in FIG. The reflected light L2 is reflected in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the incident light L1 (sunlight L) with respect to the normal P of the main surface 2a of the light collector 2. That is, the reflection plate 4 is configured to reflect the light (incident light L1) to the incident optical path side through the transparent base material 7 without being absorbed by the phosphor 8 in the light collector 2. Yes.

As such a reflector 4, a retroreflector is used in the present embodiment. As the retroreflector, for example, a retroreflector using a corner cube array 9 as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C can be used. As shown in FIG. 4A, which is a plan view of the corner cube array 9, three planes 9a that reflect light are combined at right angles to each other. As shown in FIG. Is cut into half of the original cube. Under such a configuration, the light incident on the inside thereof is configured to return to the original direction by repeating reflection three times on the three planes 9a. That is, it is a retroreflector.

As a retroreflector provided with such a corner cube array 9, for example, as shown in FIG. 4C, which is a cross-sectional side view of a main part, the above-described 3 is provided on the surface of a substrate 10 made of resin via an air layer 11. A recursive sheet 14 having a prism layer 12 (corner cube array 9) having a large number of prisms forming two planes 9a and further having a top film 13 thereon is preferably used. The recursive sheet 14 has an adhesive layer 15 on the back surface of the substrate 10, and a release film 16 is provided to cover the adhesive layer 15. Therefore, the retroreflective plate which comprises the reflector 4 in this embodiment can be set by sticking the retroreflective sheet 14 by the said adhesive layer 15 on the board | substrate surface which is not shown in figure.

Examples of such a retroreflective sheet 14 include a high intensity grade HIP high-intensity reflective sheet manufactured by 3M, a diamond grade DG ultra-high-intensity reflective sheet, and a prism type ultra-high-intensity retroreflective sheet manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries, Ltd. Can be mentioned.

Also, as the retroreflector, a retroreflector using a microbead array can be used. The microbead array is configured such that incident light is refracted by glass beads, reflected by a reflective layer on the back side, and returned to the incident direction again. That is, it is a retroreflector.

As the retroreflector provided with such a microbead array, for example, a recursive sheet 18 as shown in FIG. 5A or a recursive sheet 19 as shown in FIG. 5B can be used. The recursive sheet 18 shown in FIG. 5A has a hemispherical aluminum vapor deposition layer 21 as a reflective film on the surface layer portion of the resin layer 20 serving as a base material, and spherical glass beads 22 are placed on the aluminum vapor deposition layer 21. These are arranged and further covered with a top film 23, and have a release film 25 on the back side of the resin layer 20 with an adhesive layer 24 interposed therebetween.

5B has a hemispherical aluminum vapor deposition layer 21 as a reflective film on the surface layer portion of the resin layer 20, and spherical glass beads 22 are arranged on the aluminum vapor deposition layer 21. Further, a top film 23 is provided on these via an air layer (not shown), and a release film 25 is provided on the back side of the resin layer 20 via an adhesive layer 24. In such recursive sheets 18 and 19, the incident light is refracted by the glass beads 22 and reflected by the aluminum vapor deposition layer 21 as described above, so that it can be returned to the incident direction again.

Therefore, by sticking the retroreflective sheet 18 (19) on the substrate surface (not shown) with the adhesive layer 24, the retroreflective plate constituting the reflective plate 4 in the present embodiment can be obtained.
As such retroreflective sheets 18, 19, an engine grade EGP normal reflection sheet manufactured by 3M, an encapsulated lens type retroreflective sheet, a capsule lens type retroreflective sheet manufactured by Nippon Carbide Industries, Ltd., or the like can be used. .

In the solar cell module 1 having such a configuration, as shown in FIG. 1, the light collector 2 is installed on the side wall surface of the building B1 with the main surface 2a facing the sun. That is, in the northern hemisphere such as Japan, it is mainly arranged toward the south side (including the southeast side and the southwest side). Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 3, a part of the light from the sun S (sunlight L) is received as the incident light L1 by the main surface 2a of the light collector 2 and is reflected by the phosphor 8 in the light collector 2. Absorbs and emits light. The emitted light propagates through the transparent substrate 7 of the light collector 2 and is emitted from the first end face 2 c to the solar cell element 3. Thereby, electric power is generated by the solar cell element 3.

Further, as shown in FIG. 6, a part of the incident light L <b> 1 passes through the transparent base material 7 of the light collector 2 without being absorbed by the phosphor 8 and is disposed on the back surface 2 b side of the light collector 2. 4 is incident. Since the reflector 4 is composed of the retroreflector with the retroreflective sheet 14 and the retroreflective sheet 18 (19) attached as described above, the transparent substrate is formed by the action of the corner cube array 9 and the microbead array 17. Part of the incident light L1 that has passed through 7 and entered is substantially reflected toward the incident optical path.

However, the structures of the corner cube array 9 and the microbead array 17 cannot always exhibit perfect recursion due to manufacturing variations and the like, and the reflected light L2 is about 10 centered on the incident optical path of the incident light L1. Reflects with a spread angle of about 10 degrees from the minute. That is, the reflected light L2 has a spread angle θ that depends on the recursive structure such as the corner cube array 9 or the microbead array 17.

Therefore, even when the phosphor 8 is dispersed in the light collector 2 in a state where the concentration of the phosphor 8 is low, even when the incident light L1 does not hit the phosphor 8 and is not absorbed, it is slightly spread by retroreflection. The reflected light hits the phosphor 8 and is absorbed. As a result, the phosphor 8 emits fluorescence by retroreflection and can be condensed on the solar cell element 3 on the end face 2c, and the reflector 4 exhibits its original function and increases the light collection efficiency. Become.

However, the divergence angle θ is as small as about 10 minutes to 10 degrees, and the reflected light L2 transmitted through the transparent substrate 7 without being absorbed by the phosphor 8 in the light collector 2 is reflected light. Basically, the light is emitted substantially along the incident light path of the incident light L1. That is, the reflecting plate 4 emits the reflected light L2 in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the incident light L1 (sunlight L) with respect to the normal P of the main surface 2a of the light collector 2 as shown in FIG. It is like that. Here, the predetermined direction means a direction having a slight spread with respect to the incident optical path of the incident light L1 (sunlight L) in the present embodiment.

Therefore, the solar cell module 1 of the present embodiment includes the reflection plate 4 that reflects the light transmitted through the light collector 2 in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the sunlight L of the light collector 2. The light transmitted through the light collector 2 can be reflected to the sun S side as shown in FIG. 1 without regular reflection. Therefore, by regularly reflecting the sunlight L, it is possible to prevent the reflected light L2 from irradiating the building B2 or the like in a direction different from the sun S and causing light damage.
Moreover, since it is prevented to irradiate light to the surrounding building B2 and the ground surface, a heat island phenomenon can also be suppressed. Furthermore, since the reflected light can be returned in the direction of the sun S due to the recursive nature of the reflector 4, energy can be released into outer space without being absorbed or scattered by clouds or the like.

In the present embodiment, the light collector 2 is configured by dispersing the phosphor 8 in the transparent base material 7, but the light collector of the present invention is not limited to such a configuration. For example, FIG. The thing of a structure as shown to FIG. 7B can be used. That is, as shown in FIG. 7A, a condensing plate in which a phosphor layer (not shown) is applied to the surface of a plate-like transparent substrate 7 made of an acrylic plate or the like and a phosphor layer 26 is formed. It may be used. In that case, the coating material is formed having a phosphor and a transparent resin in which the phosphor is dispersed. Therefore, the transparent resin in the paint becomes a transparent base material for uniformly dispersing the phosphor.
Further, as shown in FIG. 7B, a light collector in which a transparent protective layer (transparent layer) 27 is further provided on the surface of the phosphor layer 26 (the surface opposite to the transparent base material 7) may be used.

As the forming material of the transparent protective layer 27, various transparent resins can be used. Specifically, the transparent protective layer 10 can be formed by laminating a transparent resin film made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyethylene (PE), polyvinylidene chloride, polyamide or the like on the phosphor layer 9. Or dissolve cellulose derivatives such as cellulose acetate, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate butyrate, transparent resins such as polyvinyl chloride, polyvinyl acetate, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, polycarbonate, polyvinyl butyral, polymethyl methacrylate, polyvinyl formal, polyurethane, etc. The transparent protective layer 27 can also be formed by preparing a coating solution, applying the coating solution on the phosphor layer 26, and drying the coating solution.

Further, as the reflector in the present invention, in the present embodiment, as described above, the retroreflector 4 formed by pasting the recursive sheet 14 or the recursive sheet 18 (19) on a substrate (not shown). However, as the retroreflector in the present invention, for example, the wall surface of the building B1 can be used as a retroreflector so that this wall surface can be used as it is as a reflector. For example, if a retroreflective tile (developed by Shiga Prefectural Industrial Technology Center) with a corner cube array structure formed on the surface is pasted as the wall of a building, the light collector 2 is placed on the wall made of this retroreflective tile. And the wall surface which consists of a retroreflection tile can be made into the reflector in this invention. This tile has an infrared reflectance of 80%. Moreover, the wall surface which performed the recursive special coating (road cooler) can also be made into the reflector in this invention.

Moreover, the solar cell module 1 of this embodiment shall be installed in the side wall surface which consists of a plane of the building B1 as shown in FIG. 1, and the flat light-condensing plate 2 and the flat reflection as shown in FIG. 8A Although the plate (reflector) 4 was used and the whole was configured in a flat plate shape, the overall shape of the solar cell module can be formed in various forms depending on the shape of the installation surface and the like.

For example, when the wall surface of the building B1 has a curved surface shape, the solar cell module of the present embodiment can also be formed in a curved plate shape that is entirely curved as shown in FIG. . In that case, it is preferable to use the light collector 2 in which a phosphor layer is formed by applying a paint in which a phosphor is dispersed on the surface of a transparent substrate as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. . By forming the transparent base material in a desired curved shape (curved plate shape), a phosphor layer having a desired curved shape can be formed on the surface thereof. Moreover, also about a reflecting plate, a board | substrate is formed in desired curved shape (curved plate shape), and the desired curved shape (curved plate shape) is stuck by sticking the recursive sheet 14 (18, 19) on the surface. ) Can be formed.

In addition, the above-mentioned curved plate-shaped light collector can be installed on the flat wall surface of the building B1 shown in FIG. In that case, the reflecting plate may be a curved plate as described above, or a flat plate may be used.
Moreover, the solar cell module of this invention can be installed also in the roof of a building, a pillar, a utility pole, etc. For example, when installing on a roof, the light collector and reflector are formed in a tile shape or a corrugated shape in the same manner as the curved plate shape shown in FIG. Install on the roof.

Moreover, when installing in poles, such as an electric pole, as shown to FIG. 8C, the hollow cylindrical (cylindrical) light-condensing plate 2 and the hollow cylindrical (cylindrical) reflection arrange | positioned at the inner peripheral surface side It is preferable to form a solar cell module having a hollow cylindrical shape (cylindrical shape) and to be installed by extrapolating it to a pillar.
Moreover, as shown in FIG. 8D, the cylindrical light-collecting members 2e may be arranged in a plane and installed as an apparent plate-like body, that is, the light-collecting plate 2. Further, by flexibly connecting to each other, it is possible to freely change the shape to a curved surface that is not a flat surface. Further, by forming the shape like a blind, it is possible to adjust such as unfolding and condensing when necessary, and winding and storing when not necessary.

Further, as the light collecting plate in the present invention, a light collecting plate 28 having a prism shape as shown in FIG. 9A may be used instead of the light collecting plate 2 in which the phosphor as described above is dispersed in a transparent substrate. . The light collecting plate 28 has a prism surface 29 on the back surface opposite to the main surface 28a serving as a light incident surface. The prism surface 29 is formed by forming a large number of slope surfaces 29a facing one end surface as shown in FIG. 9B, and the incident light L1 is refracted by the slope surface 29a, so that as shown in FIG. 9A, It inject | emits to the solar cell element 3 arrange | positioned at the end surface side.

Furthermore, as the light condensing plate in the present invention, a wedge-shaped light condensing plate having a prism surface 29 as shown in FIG. 9C and having a thickness that gradually decreases as the distance from the solar cell element 3 increases. 30 may be used. By forming the light collecting plate 30 in this way, the number of times the incident light L1 is totally reflected is reduced, and light loss caused by the light being refracted by the slope surface 29a is reduced. Therefore, the light extraction efficiency is increased.
In addition, as shown in FIG. 9D, the light collecting plate in the present invention has a tandem structure in which the phosphor light collecting plate 2 in which the phosphors are dispersed and the shape light collecting plate 28 (30) having a prism shape are stacked. Also good.

[Second Embodiment]
FIG. 10A is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a second embodiment of the solar cell module according to the present invention. The solar cell module 31 shown in FIG. 10A is different from the solar cell module 1 of the first embodiment in that an off-axis reflecting plate is used as the reflecting plate instead of the retroreflecting plate.

The reflector (reflector) 32 shown in FIG. 10A is an off-axis reflector provided with a prism shape. The off-axis reflecting plate 32 is provided with a prism shape on one surface of a substrate such as an acrylic plate, and a reflecting material such as aluminum or silver is deposited on the prism surface to form a reflecting surface 32a. A transparent protective layer (not shown) is formed by coating.

The prisms 33 (prism shape) on the reflecting surface 32a are triangular prisms arranged in the horizontal direction as shown in FIG. 10B, and a large number of the prisms 33 are arranged in the vertical direction. Is formed in a plate shape. In this embodiment, the prism surface 33a of the triangular prism 33 facing the light collector 2 has an angle of a normal line Q to a normal line P with respect to the main surface 2a of the light collector 2 as shown in FIG. 10A. It is formed so as to be 45 degrees with respect to it. Therefore, if the main surface 2a of the light collector 2 is disposed in the horizontal direction, the prism 33 is disposed upward so that the elevation angle of the prism surface 33a is 45 degrees.

Further, the other prism surface 33b of the prism 33 constituting the reflection surface 32a side has a normal line (not shown) angle in this embodiment with respect to the normal line P with respect to the main surface 2a of the light collector 2. 90 degrees. Therefore, if the main surface 2a of the light collector 2 is arranged in the horizontal direction, the prism 33 is arranged so that the prism surface 33b faces downward in the vertical direction. Accordingly, the prism surface 33b does not substantially function as a reflecting surface, and only the prism surface 33a functions as the reflecting surface 32a.
The prism 33 actually has a very fine structure, and the pitch between the vertically adjacent prisms 33, 33 is, for example, 200 μm.

The reflection plate 32 having the prism 33 with the prism surface 33a as the reflection surface 32a is in a predetermined direction different from the normal P direction of the main surface 2a of the light collector 2, that is, a direction facing upward 45 degrees with respect to the horizontal direction. In addition, the prism 33 has a large number of prisms 33 whose elevation angles are formed.
Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B, the vertical direction is the Z direction, the normal P direction of the main surface 2a of the light collector 2 is the Y direction, and the direction perpendicular to both the Z direction and the Y direction is the X direction. Then, as shown in FIG. 10B, sunlight (incident light L11) having an incident optical path on the YZ plane and incident at an angle of approximately 45 degrees with respect to the normal P is reflected by the prism surface 33a. The light is reflected by almost the same optical path as the incident optical path. That is, the reflected light L21 is reflected substantially along the incident optical path of the incident light L11. Therefore, the reflecting plate 32 reflects the light transmitted through the light collector 2 toward the incident light path of sunlight with respect to the normal P of the main surface 2a.

On the other hand, the reflected light L22 of sunlight (incident light L12) incident on the normal line P in the X direction is emitted in a different direction with respect to the normal line P in the locus projected on the XY plane, but the ZY plane. The reflected light L22 is reflected substantially along the incident optical path of the incident light L12, like the reflected light L21 with respect to the incident light L11. Therefore, also in that case, the reflector 32 reflects the light transmitted through the light collector 2 toward the incident light path of sunlight with respect to the normal P of the main surface 2a.
In the above description, it is assumed that the incident angle of sunlight is an angle from the upper side to the lower side with respect to the normal line P that is oriented in the horizontal direction.

Even in the solar cell module 31 of the present embodiment, the light collecting plate 2 is provided with the reflecting plate 32 that reflects the light transmitted through the light collecting plate 2 in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the sunlight L. The light transmitted through the light plate 2 can be reflected to the sun S side as in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 without being reflected in the same direction as the regular reflection by the main surface 2 a of the light collector 2. Therefore, by reflecting the sunlight L, the reflected light L2 can be prevented from irradiating the building B2 or the like in a direction different from the sun S and causing light damage. Moreover, since it is prevented to irradiate light to the surrounding building B2 and the ground surface, a heat island phenomenon can also be suppressed.

Furthermore, in this embodiment, unless the incident light path of sunlight (incident light L1) matches the normal direction of the prism surface 33a, the light paths of the incident light and the reflected light do not match. The light that is not absorbed without hitting the inner phosphor 8 is also more likely to be absorbed by the phosphor 8 because the optical path is shifted during reflection. Therefore, the reflector 32 exhibits its original function and increases the light collection efficiency.
In this embodiment as well, the light collector may be of various forms shown as modifications in the first embodiment.

[Third Embodiment]
FIG. 11A is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of a third embodiment of the solar cell module according to the present invention. The solar cell module 34 shown in FIG. 11A differs from the solar cell module 31 of the second embodiment in that an off-axis reflecting plate 32 provided with a prism shape is used as a reflecting plate instead of a dielectric multilayer film. This is a point using an Axis reflector.

That is, the off-axis reflector (reflector) 35 made of a dielectric multilayer film shown in FIG. 11A has a high refractive index layer 36a and a low refractive index for each optical film thickness of a quarter wavelength as shown in FIG. 11B. The layers 36b are alternately laminated to form a dielectric multilayer film, and this multilayer film is obtained by slicing (cutting out) at an angle of about 62 degrees in this embodiment. By slicing at a preset angle (62 degrees) in this way, it is possible to form a reflecting surface that faces in a direction different from the surface of the reflecting plate 35 (the surface facing the back surface 2b of the light collector 2). .

That is, the reflecting plate 35 of the present embodiment has a reflecting surface that is inclined at an angle of 62 degrees vertically above the horizontal plane. Thereby, the reflecting plate 35 reflects the sunlight L transmitted through the light collector 2 in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side. The predetermined direction here is determined by the incident angle of sunlight L and the angle of the reflecting surface of the reflecting plate 35.

In such a reflector 35, for example, polyethylene naphthalate (refractive index n1 = 1.54, @ 500 nm) is used as a material for forming the high refractive index layer 36a, and polyethylene terephthalate (n2) is used as the material for forming the low refractive index layer 36b. = 1.64@500 nm) is used.
The combination of the high-refractive index layer 36a and the low-refractive index layer 36b results in the lamination of 50 layers each having a thickness of 100 nm, 125 nm, 150 nm, 175 nm, 200 nm, 225 nm, 250 nm, 275 nm, 300 nm, and 325 nm. The total number of layers is 500. With such a configuration, the reflecting plate 35 can obtain a reflectance of about 90% in the wavelength region of 300 nm to 1400 nm.

Even in the solar cell module 34 of the present embodiment, the light collecting plate 2 is provided with the reflecting plate 35 that reflects the light transmitted through the light collecting plate 2 in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the sunlight L. The light transmitted through the light plate 2 can be reflected to the sun S side as in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 without being reflected in the same direction as the regular reflection by the main surface 2 a of the light collector 2. Therefore, by regularly reflecting the sunlight L, it is possible to prevent the reflected light L2 from irradiating the building B2 or the like in a direction different from the sun S and causing light damage. Moreover, since it is prevented to irradiate light to the surrounding building B2 and the ground surface, a heat island phenomenon can also be suppressed.

In the present embodiment, the light collector may be in various forms shown as the modifications in the first embodiment.

[Fourth Embodiment]
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing a schematic configuration of the fourth embodiment of the solar cell module according to the present invention. The solar cell module 37 shown in FIG. 12 differs from the solar cell module 34 of the third embodiment in that it is reflected in a transparent substrate instead of the off-axis reflection plate 35 made of a dielectric multilayer film as a reflection plate. This is a point using an off-axis reflecting plate 38 in which the plate-like particles are arranged in a predetermined direction.
That is, in the reflection plate 38 shown in FIG. 12, the reflective plate-like particles 39 are oriented with the plate surface (reflection surface) inclined at an angle of about 62 degrees with respect to the surface facing the back surface 2b of the light collector 2. In the state, it is configured to be dispersed in the transparent substrate 40.

As the transparent substrate 40, a transparent resin is used. Specifically, cellulose derivatives, olefin resins, halogen-containing resins, vinyl alcohol resins, vinyl ester resins, (meth) acrylic resins, styrene resins, polyester resins, polyamide resins, polycarbonate resins, poly Thermoplastic resins such as ether resins, polysulfone resins and thermoplastic elastomers are included. The transparent resin is often a thermoplastic resin, but may be a thermosetting resin (such as an epoxy resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a diallyl phthalate resin, or a silicone resin).

The reflective plate-like particles 39 have at least a plate-like form. The “plate-like” form means a shape in which the upper and lower surfaces have planes parallel to each other and the length in the plane direction is longer than the upper and lower (or thickness) directions. Therefore, for example, the particles 39 have an indefinite shape when viewed from the surface direction, and have a horizontally long trapezoidal shape or a needle shape when viewed from the lateral direction.

Such a reflective plate-like particle 39 may be a particle having a plate-like particle itself having light reflectivity, such as aluminum or alumina, or a particle having a plate-like particle imparted with light reflectivity. . The reflective plate-like particles 39 may contain colored plate-like particles such as graphite (natural or synthetic graphite). The reflective plate-like particles 39 are usually composed of the plate-like particles and a component for coating the plate-like particles and imparting light reflectivity (particularly at least one selected from metals and metal oxides). It is configured.

Examples of the plate-like particles include amorphous inorganic substances such as glass, alumina, aluminum hydroxide, mica (mica such as muscovite, phlogopite, and synthetic mica), talc, montmorillonite, clays (kaolin) And a polymer such as a plate-like inorganic crystal such as clay and wax stone clay, and a resin piece such as a crosslinked acrylic resin, a crosslinked polystyrene resin, and a crosslinked polysulfone resin. These plate-like particles can be used alone or in combination of two or more. Preferred plate-like particles are mica, talc, montmorillonite and the like.
The shape of the plate-like particles is not particularly limited, and may be an amorphous plate shape, a polygonal plate shape (triangular plate shape, square plate shape, hexagonal plate shape, etc.), an elliptical plate shape, a disc shape, or the like.

Examples of the metal and metal oxide include various components exhibiting metallic luster, such as metals such as titanium, zirconium, and aluminum, and metal oxides such as titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, and aluminum oxide.

Moreover, as the reflective plate-like particles 39, for example, plate-like particles coated with metal or metal oxide (coherent reflection composed of titanium oxide-coated plate-like particles such as titanium oxide-coated mica and titanium oxide-coated glass). Materials, metal-coated scale particles such as silver-deposited plate glass fine particles), scale-like metal particles such as scale-like aluminum particles, plate-like crystal particles such as alumina particles, and the like can also be used.

In such reflective plate-like particles 39, the average diameter (average particle diameter) of the plate surface is 1 to 1000 μm (eg, 5 to 500 μm, preferably 5 to 200 μm (eg, 10 to 200 μm), more preferably 10 to 10 μm). 100 μm) or about 20 to 200 μm.

The addition amount of the reflective plate-like particles 39 is 0.1 to 30 parts by weight, preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by weight (eg, 1 to 20 parts by weight), more preferably 100 parts by weight of the transparent resin. It may be about 0.5 to 15 parts by weight (for example, 1 to 15 parts by weight), 0.5 to 10 parts by weight (for example, 1 to 10 parts by weight), particularly about 0.5 to 5 parts by weight. There may be.

With respect to the orientation of the reflective plate-like particles 39 in the transparent base material 40, for example, the reflective plate-like particles 39 are unidirectionally formed in a molten transparent resin by an electric or magnetic method. A method of aligning and orienting is employed. Then, after aligning and orienting the reflective plate-like particles 39 in one direction, the transparent resin (transparent substrate 40) is cured, and this is sliced (cut out) on a predetermined surface, as shown in FIG. The reflecting plate 38, that is, the plate surface (reflecting surface) of the reflective plate-like particles 39 is inclined at an angle of about 62 degrees with respect to the surface of the reflecting plate 38 (the surface on the side facing the back surface 2b of the light collector 2). An oriented reflector 38 is obtained.

That is, the reflecting plate 35 of the present embodiment has a reflecting surface that is inclined at an angle of 62 degrees vertically above the horizontal plane. Thereby, the reflecting plate 38 reflects the sunlight L transmitted through the light collector 2 in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side. The predetermined direction here is determined by the incident angle of sunlight L and the angle of the plate surface (reflective surface) of the reflective plate-like particles 39 in the reflective plate 38.

Even in the solar cell module 37 of the present embodiment, since the light transmitted through the light collector 2 is provided with a reflector 38 that reflects the light L in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the sunlight L, the light is collected as in the related art. The light transmitted through the light plate 2 can be reflected to the sun S side as in the first embodiment shown in FIG. 1 without being reflected in the same direction as the regular reflection by the main surface 2 a of the light collector 2. Therefore, by regularly reflecting the sunlight L, it is possible to prevent the reflected light L2 from irradiating the building B2 or the like in a direction different from the sun S and causing light damage. Moreover, since it is prevented to irradiate light to the surrounding building B2 and the ground surface, a heat island phenomenon can also be suppressed.

In the present embodiment, the light collector may be in various forms shown as the modifications in the first embodiment.

[Fifth Embodiment]
FIG. 13: is a schematic diagram which shows schematic structure of 5th Embodiment of the solar cell module which concerns on this invention. The solar cell module 41 shown in FIG. 13 is different from the solar cell module 1 of the first embodiment in that the solar cell module 41 shown in FIG. 13 is installed not on the side wall surface of the building B1 but on the roof surface of the building B1. It is a point.

The solar cell module 41 of the present embodiment is basically arranged such that the light collector 42 faces upward in the vertical direction, and thus the reflector 43 (reflector) also faces upward in the vertical direction. However, as the light collecting plate 42, the light collecting plate 2 used in the first embodiment or various forms shown as modified examples in the first embodiment are used.

The reflector 43 may be the retroreflector used in the first embodiment or the off-axis reflector provided with the prism shape used in the second embodiment. It may be an off-axis reflection plate made of a dielectric multilayer film used in the third embodiment, and the reflective plate-like particles used in the fourth embodiment are aligned and arranged in a predetermined direction. An off-axis reflector may also be used.

However, as the reflecting plate 43 of this embodiment made of these reflecting plates, particularly in the case of the off-axis reflecting plate used in the second to fourth embodiments, the reflecting surface is basically in the vertical direction. It arrange | positions so that it may face a south side from upper direction (normal direction of the main surface of the light-condensing plate 42). By arranging the reflection plate 43 so that the reflection surface faces the south side in this way, the reflection plate 43 transmits the sunlight L transmitted through the light collector 2 in a predetermined direction on the incident optical path side (the sky direction side). Can be reflected.

Even in the solar cell module 41 of the present embodiment, the light collecting plate 2 is provided with the reflecting plate 43 that reflects the light transmitted through the light collecting plate 2 in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the sunlight L. The light transmitted through the light plate 2 can be reflected to the sun S side as shown in FIG. 13 without being reflected in the same direction as regular reflection by the main surface 2a of the light collector 2. Therefore, by regularly reflecting sunlight L as shown by a broken line in FIG. 13, it is possible to prevent reflected light L2 from irradiating the building B2 or the like in a direction different from the sun S and causing light damage. . Moreover, since it is prevented to irradiate light to the surrounding building B2 and the ground surface, a heat island phenomenon can also be suppressed. Further, when a retroreflecting plate is used as the reflecting plate 43, the reflected light can be returned in the direction of the sun S due to the recursive property, so that energy is not absorbed or scattered by clouds or the like, but in space. Can be released.

[Solar power generator]
FIG. 14 is a schematic configuration diagram of the solar power generation device 1000.
The solar power generation apparatus 1000 includes a solar cell module 1001 that converts sunlight energy into electric power, an inverter (DC / AC converter) 1004 that converts DC power output from the solar cell module 1001 into AC power, A storage battery 1005 that stores DC power output from the battery module 1001.

The solar cell module 1001 includes a condensing member (condensing plate) 1002 that condenses sunlight, and a solar cell element 1003 that generates electric power with sunlight condensed by the condensing member 1002. As such a solar cell module 1001, the solar cell module demonstrated in 1st Embodiment thru | or 5th Embodiment is used suitably, for example.

The solar power generation device 1000 supplies power to the external electronic device 1006. The electronic device 1006 is supplied with power from the auxiliary power source 1007 as necessary.
Since the solar power generation apparatus 1000 having such a configuration includes the above-described solar cell module according to the present invention, it can prevent light damage to the surroundings and can also suppress the heat island phenomenon. .

The present invention can be used for a solar cell module and a solar power generation device.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Solar cell module, 2 ... Light collecting plate, 3 ... Solar cell element, 4 ... Reflector (reflector), 7 ... Transparent base material, 8 ... Phosphor, 9 ... Corner cube array, 14 ... Recursive sheet, 17 ... microbead array, 18, 19 ... recursive sheet, 26 ... phosphor layer, 28 ... light collecting plate, 30 ... light collecting plate, 31 ... solar cell module, 32 ... reflector (reflector), 33 ... prism, 34 ... Solar cell module, 35 ... reflector (reflector), 37 ... solar cell module, 38 ... reflector (reflector), 39 ... reflective plate-like particle, 41 ... solar cell module, 42 ... collector plate, 43 ... reflector Plate (reflector), 1000 ... photovoltaic power generation device, L ... sunlight, L1 ... incident light, L2 ... reflected light

Claims (11)

A condensing plate having a main surface and at least one end surface, allowing sunlight to be incident from the main surface and propagating inside, and emitting from at least one of the end surfaces;
A solar cell element that receives light emitted from the end face installed on the end face of the light collector and generates electric power;
A reflector that is installed on the back side of the light collecting plate and reflects light transmitted through the light collecting plate in a predetermined direction on the incident light path side of the sunlight with respect to the normal line of the main surface. A solar cell module. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the light collecting plate is made of a fluorescent material that absorbs incident light and emits fluorescent light dispersed in a transparent substrate. The solar cell module according to claim 1, wherein the light collector has a prism shape for refracting and reflecting incident light. The solar cell module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflector is a retroreflector. The solar cell module according to claim 4, wherein the retroreflector is a corner cube type retroreflector. The solar cell module according to claim 4, wherein the retroreflection plate is a microbead type retroreflection plate. The solar cell module according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the reflector is an off-axis plate having a reflecting surface facing a predetermined direction different from a normal direction of the main surface. The solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein the off-axis plate has a large number of prism shapes each having a reflecting surface directed in a predetermined direction. The solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein the off-axis plate is made of a dielectric multilayer film. The solar cell module according to claim 7, wherein the off-axis plate is a plate in which reflective plate-like particles are arranged in a transparent substrate with the reflecting surface thereof directed in a predetermined direction. A solar power generation device comprising the solar cell module according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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