WO2013081066A1 - 液晶配向膜の製造方法、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向膜の製造方法、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013081066A1 WO2013081066A1 PCT/JP2012/080977 JP2012080977W WO2013081066A1 WO 2013081066 A1 WO2013081066 A1 WO 2013081066A1 JP 2012080977 W JP2012080977 W JP 2012080977W WO 2013081066 A1 WO2013081066 A1 WO 2013081066A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J7/00—Chemical treatment or coating of shaped articles made of macromolecular substances
- C08J7/12—Chemical modification
- C08J7/123—Treatment by wave energy or particle radiation
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
- B05D3/0254—After-treatment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D3/06—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation
- B05D3/061—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to radiation using U.V.
- B05D3/065—After-treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/30—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
- C08F220/303—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety and one or more carboxylic moieties in the chain
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
- G02F1/133715—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films by first depositing a monomer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film, a liquid crystal alignment film, and a liquid crystal display element, and in particular, a method for manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film used in a liquid crystal display element, a liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the manufacturing method, and a liquid crystal alignment film It is related with the used liquid crystal display element.
- the liquid crystal display element is known as a light, thin, and low power consumption display device and has been remarkably developed in recent years.
- the liquid crystal display element is configured, for example, by sandwiching a liquid crystal layer between a pair of transparent substrates provided with electrodes.
- an organic film made of an organic material is used as the liquid crystal alignment film so that the liquid crystal is in a desired alignment state between the substrates.
- the liquid crystal alignment film is a component of the liquid crystal display element, and is formed on the surface of the substrate that holds the liquid crystal in contact with the liquid crystal, and plays a role of aligning the liquid crystal in a certain direction between the substrates.
- the liquid crystal alignment film may be required to play a role of controlling the pretilt angle of the liquid crystal in addition to the role of aligning the liquid crystal in a certain direction such as a direction parallel to the substrate.
- alignment control ability is given by performing an alignment treatment on the organic film constituting the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the rubbing method is a method of rubbing (rubbing) the surface of an organic film such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyamide or polyimide on a substrate with a cloth such as cotton, nylon or polyester in the rubbing direction (rubbing direction).
- This is a method of aligning liquid crystals. Since this rubbing method can easily realize a relatively stable alignment state of liquid crystals, it has been used in the manufacturing process of conventional liquid crystal display elements.
- an organic film used for the liquid crystal alignment film a polyimide-based organic film excellent in reliability such as heat resistance and electrical characteristics has been mainly selected.
- a decomposition type photo-alignment method is known as a main photo-alignment method.
- the polyimide film is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays, and anisotropic decomposition is caused by utilizing the polarization direction dependence of the ultraviolet absorption of the molecular structure. Then, the liquid crystal is aligned by the remaining polyimide without being decomposed (see Patent Document 1).
- photocrosslinking type and photoisomerization type photo-alignment methods are also known. For example, polyvinyl cinnamate is used and irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to cause a dimerization reaction (crosslinking reaction) at the double bond portion of two side chains parallel to the polarized light.
- the liquid crystal is aligned in a direction orthogonal to the polarization direction (see Non-Patent Document 1).
- irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light causes an isomerization reaction at the azobenzene portion of the side chain parallel to the polarized light, and the liquid crystal is aligned in a direction perpendicular to the polarization direction. Align (see Non-Patent Document 2).
- the liquid crystal alignment film alignment treatment method by the photo alignment method does not require rubbing, and there is no fear of generation of dust or static electricity.
- An alignment process can be performed even on a substrate of a liquid crystal display element having an uneven surface, which is a method for aligning a liquid crystal alignment film suitable for an industrial production process.
- the photo-alignment method eliminates the rubbing process itself as compared with the rubbing method that has been used industrially as an alignment treatment method for liquid crystal display elements, and thus has a great advantage. And compared with the rubbing method in which the alignment control ability becomes almost constant by rubbing, the photo alignment method can control the alignment control ability by changing the irradiation amount of polarized light.
- the photo-alignment method in order to achieve the same degree of alignment control ability as in the rubbing method, a large amount of polarized light irradiation may be required or stable liquid crystal alignment may not be realized. .
- the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention uses a method in which an alignment treatment is performed by irradiation with polarized light without using a rubbing treatment, using a photosensitive side chain polymer film capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity. And after polarized light irradiation, the process which heats the side chain type polymer film is provided, and a liquid crystal aligning film is manufactured. At this time, by optimizing the irradiation amount of polarized light and the heating temperature in the heating process after the irradiation of polarized light, a highly efficient alignment process is realized in the liquid crystal alignment film, and high alignment efficiency and good alignment control ability are imparted.
- the gist of the present invention is as follows. (1) [I] A step of forming a photosensitive side chain polymer film that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range on a substrate; [II] A method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, comprising: irradiating the side chain polymer film with polarized ultraviolet light; and [III] heating the side chain polymer film irradiated with ultraviolet light. , [II] The amount of UV irradiation in the step maximizes ⁇ A, which is the difference between the UV absorbance in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the polarized UV and the UV absorbance in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarized UV. A method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film, wherein the amount falls within a range of 1% to 70% of an ultraviolet irradiation amount.
- the heating temperature in the step [III] is a temperature ranging from a temperature 10 ° C. higher than the lower limit of the temperature range in which the side chain polymer film exhibits liquid crystallinity to a temperature 10 ° C. lower than the upper limit of the temperature range.
- the photosensitive group contained in the photosensitive side chain polymer exhibiting liquid crystallinity is azobenzene, stilbene, cinnamic acid, cinnamic acid ester, chalcone, coumarin, tolan, phenylbenzoate, or a derivative thereof.
- [I] A step of forming a photocrosslinkable side chain polymer film that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range on a substrate; [II] A step of irradiating the photocrosslinkable side chain polymer film with polarized ultraviolet light, and [III] a step of heating the side chain polymer film irradiated with ultraviolet light. [IV] The irradiation of the ultraviolet light.
- a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film comprising a step of irradiating non-polarized ultraviolet rays to the heated side chain polymer film, [II]
- the amount of UV irradiation in the step maximizes ⁇ A, which is the difference between the UV absorbance in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the polarized UV and the UV absorbance in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarized UV.
- a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film wherein the amount falls within a range of 1% to 70% of an ultraviolet irradiation amount.
- the side chain polymer film includes a main chain composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbons, acrylates and methacrylates, and at least one of the following formulas (1) to (7): 10.
- a 1 and B 1 each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, or NH—CO—
- Y 1 is at least one group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, and a cyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto are independent of each other.
- a 2 , B 2 , D 1 each independently represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, or NH—CO—
- Y 2 represents a benzene ring, naphthalene ring, biphenyl ring , A furan ring, a pyrrole ring and at least one group selected from the group consisting of cyclic hydrocarbons having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atoms bonded thereto are independently —NO 2 , —CN, —C ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —C ⁇ CH—CN, optionally substituted with a halogen group, an alkyl group, or an alkyloxy group
- a 3 is a single bond, -O -, - CH 2 - , - COO -, - OCO -, - CONH-, or an NH-CO-
- X 3 is a single bond, - COO—, —OCO—, —N ⁇ N—, —C ⁇ C—, —C ⁇ C—, or C 6 H 4 —, wherein R 2 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- .L3 also referred to as l 3) represents an integer of 1 to 12
- m3 is in an integer of 1-3.
- equation (4), (also referred to as l 4) l4 represents an integer of 1 to 12.
- a 4 represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, or NH—CO—
- X 4 represents —COO—
- Y 3 is at least one group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, and a biphenyl ring, and each hydrogen atom bonded thereto is independently —N O 2 , —CN, —C ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —C ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or an alkyloxy group may be substituted.
- l5 (also referred to as l 5) represents an integer of 1 to 12
- m4 represents an integer of 1-3.
- a 5 represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, or NH—CO—
- R 3 represents a hydrogen atom, —NO 2 , —CN, —C ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —C ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and an alkyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms.
- l6 (also referred to as l 6) represents an integer of 1 to 12.
- the hydrogen atoms bonded to the benzene ring in formula (6) are each independently —NO 2 , —CN, —C ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —C ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or an alkyloxy group. May be substituted.
- a 6 represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO—, —OCO—, —CONH—, or NH—CO—
- B 3 represents a single bond, —COO— , —OCO—, —N ⁇ N—, —C ⁇ C—, —C ⁇ C—, or C 6 H 4 —.
- W 1 is at least one group selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a biphenyl ring, a furan ring, a pyrrole ring, and a cyclic hydrocarbon having 5 to 8 carbon atoms, and the hydrogen atom bonded thereto is each Independently, it may be substituted with —NO 2 , —CN, —C ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —C ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyl group, or an alkyloxy group.
- l7 represents an integer of 1 to 12
- m5 and m6 each represents an integer of 1 to 3.
- the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal aligning film which enables a highly efficient orientation process is provided.
- the liquid crystal aligning film which enables highly efficient alignment processing can be provided using the manufacturing method of the liquid crystal aligning film.
- (A) is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side chain polymer film before irradiation with polarized light, and particularly when the introduced anisotropy is small, that is, the above [I] to [IV] of the present invention.
- the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the [II] step is in the range of 1% to 15% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A.
- (B) is a figure which shows typically the state of the side chain type polymer film after polarized light irradiation
- (c) is a figure which shows the state of the side chain type polymer film after a heating typically
- (D) is a figure which shows typically the state of the side chain type polymer film irradiated with non-polarized light after a heating. The first form will be described later.
- the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the step [II] is in the range of 15% to 70% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A. It is a schematic diagram in the case.
- (A) is a figure which shows typically the state of the side chain type polymer film before polarized light irradiation
- (b) is a figure which shows the state of the side chain type polymer film after polarized light irradiation typically.
- (C) is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side chain polymer film after heating, and (d) schematically shows the state of the side chain polymer film irradiated with non-polarized light after heating.
- (A) is a figure which shows typically the state of the side chain type polymer film before polarized light irradiation
- (b) is a figure which shows the state of the side chain type polymer film after polarized light irradiation typically
- (C) is a figure which shows typically the state of the side chain type polymer film after a heating. The second form will be described later.
- (A) is a figure which shows typically the state of the side chain type polymer film before polarized light irradiation
- (b) is a figure which shows the state of the side chain type polymer film after polarized light irradiation typically
- (C) is a figure which shows typically the state of the side chain type polymer film after a heating.
- the photosensitive side chain polymer film that can exhibit liquid crystallinity used in the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is a photosensitive side chain polymer film that exhibits liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range.
- bonded with a principal chain has photosensitivity, can respond to light, and can raise
- the photosensitive group that binds to the main chain is not particularly limited, but a structure that undergoes a crosslinking reaction or photofleece rearrangement in response to light is desirable. In this case, even if exposed to external stress such as heat, the achieved orientation control ability can be stably maintained for a long period of time.
- the structure of the photosensitive side chain polymer film capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity is not particularly limited as long as it satisfies such characteristics, but it is preferable to have a rigid mesogenic component in the side chain structure.
- the polymer structure has, for example, a main chain and a side chain bonded to the main chain, and the side chain includes a mesogenic component such as a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenylcyclohexyl group, a phenylbenzoate group, and an azobenzene group, and a tip.
- a mesogenic component such as a biphenyl group, a terphenyl group, a phenylcyclohexyl group, a phenylbenzoate group, and an azobenzene group, and a tip.
- the structure of the photosensitive side chain type polymer film capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity is composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of hydrocarbon, acrylate, methacrylate, maleimide and siloxane.
- a structure having a main chain and a side chain composed of at least one of the following formulas (1) to (7) is preferable.
- the side chains represented by the above formulas (1) to (7) have a structure having groups such as biphenyl, terphenyl, phenylcyclohexyl, phenylbenzoate, and azobenzene as mesogenic components. And at the tip, it has a photosensitive group that undergoes a dimerization reaction in response to light and undergoes a crosslinking reaction, or has a main chain and a side chain bonded thereto, and the side chain also becomes a mesogenic component. And having at least one of phenylbenzoate groups that undergo a photo-Fries rearrangement reaction.
- the side chain polymer film may be used in combination with a side chain structure having no photoreactivity within a range not losing liquid crystallinity and photoreactivity.
- a structure like the following formula (8) can be mentioned.
- E 1 represents a single bond, —O—, —CH 2 —, —COO, —OCO—, —CONH—, —NH—CO—
- Z represents a single bond, —COO, —OCO—, —N ⁇ N—, —C ⁇ C—, —C ⁇ C—, or C 6 H 4 —
- k1 represents an integer of 1 to 12
- p1 and q1 are each independently 0
- R 4 represents a hydrogen atom, —NO 2 , —CN, —C ⁇ C (CN) 2 , —C ⁇ CH—CN, a halogen group, an alkyloxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, carboxyl
- the group which consists of group or its combination is represented
- the photosensitive side chain polymer film capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity used in the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is simply referred to as a side chain polymer film of the present invention.
- polarized ultraviolet rays are irradiated.
- a highly efficient anisotropy is introduced into the side chain polymer film by heating, and a liquid crystal alignment film having a liquid crystal alignment control ability is manufactured.
- a side chain polymer is obtained by utilizing the principle of molecular reorientation induced by the photoreaction and liquid crystallinity of the side chain polymer film of the present invention. Realizes highly efficient anisotropy introduction into the film. Furthermore, in the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention, in the case of a structure having a photocrosslinkable group as a photoreactive group, after forming a coating film on a substrate using the side chain polymer of the present invention, The anisotropy introduced into the polymer film can be fixed by irradiating the ultraviolet ray, and then heating and then irradiating the non-polarized ultraviolet ray.
- FIG. 1 shows an anisotropic introduction process in a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film using a side chain polymer having a structure having a photocrosslinkable group as a photoreactive group in the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention. It is a figure of one example typically demonstrated.
- FIG. 1 (a) is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side chain polymer film before irradiation with polarized light
- FIG. 1 (b) is a schematic diagram showing the state of the side chain polymer film after irradiation with polarized light.
- FIG. 1 (c) is a diagram schematically showing a state of the side chain polymer film after heating
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram when the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount in the process is within a range of 1% to 15% of the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A.
- FIG. 2 shows an anisotropic introduction process in a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film using a side chain polymer having a photocrosslinkable group as a photoreactive group in the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention. It is a figure of one example typically demonstrated.
- FIG. 2A is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side chain polymer film before irradiation with polarized light
- FIG. 2B is a schematic diagram showing the state of the side chain polymer film after irradiation with polarized light
- 2 (c) is a diagram schematically showing a state of the side chain polymer film after heating
- FIG. 2 (d) is a side chain polymer film after non-polarized light irradiation.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram when the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount in the process is within a range of 15% to 70% of the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A.
- FIG. 3 shows a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention, which is a liquid crystal alignment film using a side chain polymer having a structure having a photo-Fries rearrangement group represented by the above formula (6) as a photoreactive group. It is a figure of one example which illustrates typically the introduction processing of anisotropy in a manufacturing method.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side chain polymer film before irradiation with polarized light
- FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram showing the state of the side chain polymer film after irradiation with polarized light.
- FIG. 3A is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side chain polymer film before irradiation with polarized light
- FIG. 3B is a schematic diagram showing the state of the side chain polymer film after irradiation with polarized light.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram when the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount in the step [II] is within a range of 1% to 70% of the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A in the manufacturing method having steps [I] to [III]. .
- FIG. 4 shows a method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film according to the present invention, wherein a liquid crystal alignment film using a side chain type polymer having a structure having a photo-Fries rearrangement group represented by the above formula (7) as a photoreactive group. It is a figure of one example which illustrates typically the introduction processing of anisotropy in a manufacturing method.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side chain polymer film before irradiation with polarized light
- FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of the state of the side chain polymer film after irradiation with polarized light.
- FIG. 4A is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side chain polymer film before irradiation with polarized light
- FIG. 4B is a schematic diagram of the state of the side chain polymer film after irradiation with polarized light.
- FIG. 4 (c) is a diagram schematically showing the state of the side-chain polymer film after heating, and particularly when the introduced anisotropy is large, that is, the above-mentioned of the present invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram when the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount in the step [II] is within a range of 1% to 70% of the ultraviolet ray irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A in the manufacturing method having steps [I] to [III]. .
- an embodiment using a side chain polymer having a structure having a photocrosslinkable group as a photoreactive group is the first embodiment, and a side chain polymer having a structure having a photofleece rearrangement group as a photoreactive group An embodiment using this will be described as a second embodiment.
- the side chain polymer film 1 of the present invention is first formed on the substrate. As shown in FIG.
- the side chain polymer film 1 of the present invention formed on a substrate has a structure in which the side chains 2 are randomly arranged. According to the random arrangement of the side chain 2 of the side chain polymer film 1, the mesogenic component and the photosensitive group of the side chain 2 are also randomly oriented, and the side chain polymer film 1 is isotropic.
- the side chain type polymer film 3 of the present embodiment is formed on the substrate.
- the side chain type polymer film 3 of the present invention formed on the substrate has a structure in which the side chains 4 are randomly arranged. According to the random arrangement of the side chain 4 of the side chain polymer film 3, the mesogenic component and the photosensitive group of the side chain 4 are also randomly oriented, and the side chain polymer film 2 is isotropic.
- the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the step [II] is in the range of 1% to 70% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A.
- the side chain polymer film 5 of the present invention is formed on a substrate. As shown in FIG. 3A, the side chain polymer film 5 of the present invention formed on the substrate has a structure in which the side chains 6 are randomly arranged. According to the random arrangement of the side chain 6 of the side chain polymer film 5, the mesogenic component and the photosensitive group of the side chain 6 are also randomly oriented, and the side chain polymer film 5 is isotropic.
- the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the step [II] is in the range of 1% to 70% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A.
- the side chain polymer film 7 of the present invention is formed on a substrate. As shown in FIG. 4A, the side chain polymer film 7 of the present invention formed on the substrate has a structure in which the side chains 8 are randomly arranged. According to the random arrangement of the side chains 8 of the side chain polymer film 7, the mesogenic components and the photosensitive groups of the side chains 8 are also randomly oriented, and the side chain polymer film 7 is isotropic.
- the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the step [II] is in the range of 1% to 15% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A
- this isotropic side of the present invention The chain polymer film 1 is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the photosensitive group of the side chain 2a having the photosensitive group among the side chains 2 arranged in a direction parallel to the polarization direction of the ultraviolet rays is preferentially subjected to dimerization reaction or the like. Causes a photoreaction.
- the density of the side chain 2a subjected to photoreaction becomes slightly higher in the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet rays, and as a result, very small anisotropy is imparted to the side chain type polymer film 1 of the present invention.
- the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the step [II] is in the range of 15% to 70% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A
- this isotropic side of the present invention when the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the step [II] is in the range of 15% to 70% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A, this isotropic side of the present invention.
- the chain polymer film 3 is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the photosensitive group of the side chain 4a having the photosensitive group among the side chains 4 arranged in a direction parallel to the polarization direction of the ultraviolet rays is preferentially subjected to dimerization reaction or the like. Causes a photoreaction.
- the density of the side chain 4a subjected to photoreaction increases in the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet rays, and as a result, a small anisotropy is imparted to the side chain type polymer film 3 of the present invention.
- ultraviolet irradiation in the step [II] is performed using a liquid crystal alignment film using a side chain polymer having a structure having a photo-Fleece rearrangement group, represented by the above formula (6).
- the isotropic side chain polymer film 5 of the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the photosensitive group of the side chain 6a having the photosensitive group among the side chains 6 arranged in a direction parallel to the polarization direction of the ultraviolet rays is preferentially subjected to light fleece rearrangement or the like.
- the density of the side chain 6a subjected to photoreaction becomes slightly higher in the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet rays, and as a result, very small anisotropy is imparted to the side chain type polymer film 5 of the present invention.
- the isotropic side-chain polymer film 7 of the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the photosensitive group of the side chain 8a having the photosensitive group among the side chains 8 arranged in a direction parallel to the polarization direction of the ultraviolet rays is preferentially subjected to light fleece rearrangement or the like. Causes a photoreaction.
- the density of the side chain 8a subjected to photoreaction increases in the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet rays, and as a result, a small anisotropy is imparted to the side chain polymer film 7 of the present invention.
- the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the step [II] is in the range of 1% to 15% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A
- the side chain polymer film 1 is heated to a liquid crystal state.
- the amount of the generated crosslinking reaction differs between the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet rays and the direction perpendicular thereto.
- this crosslinking reaction site functions as a plasticizer.
- the liquid crystallinity in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet light is higher than the liquid crystallinity in the parallel direction, and the side chain 2 containing the mesogenic component is reoriented by self-organizing in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet light.
- the very small anisotropy of the side chain polymer film 1 of the present invention induced by the photocrosslinking reaction is amplified by heat, and the larger anisotropy is present in the side chain polymer film 1 of the present invention. Will be granted.
- the present invention when the ultraviolet irradiation amount in the step [II] is within the range of 15% to 70% of the ultraviolet irradiation amount that maximizes ⁇ A, the present invention after irradiation with polarized light
- the side chain polymer film 3 is heated to a liquid crystal state.
- the amount of the generated crosslinking reaction differs between the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet rays and the direction perpendicular thereto. Therefore, the side chain 4 containing the mesogenic component is reoriented by self-organizing in a direction parallel to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet light.
- the small anisotropy of the side chain polymer film 3 of the present invention induced by the photocrosslinking reaction is amplified by heat, and a larger anisotropy is imparted in the side chain polymer film 3 of the present invention. Will be.
- the liquid crystal alignment force of the light fleece rearrangement generated in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet light is stronger than the liquid crystal alignment force of the side chain before the reaction, it is self-organized in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet light.
- the side chain 6 containing the mesogenic component is reoriented.
- the very small anisotropy of the side chain polymer film 5 of the present invention induced by the photofleece rearrangement reaction is amplified by heat, and is more anisotropic in the side chain polymer film 5 of the present invention. Sex will be given.
- the anchoring force of the optical fleece rearrangement 8 (a) is stronger than that of the side chain 8 before the rearrangement, when a certain amount or more of the optical fleece rearrangement occurs, it is self-assembled in a direction parallel to the polarization direction of the irradiated ultraviolet light.
- the side chain 8 containing the mesogenic component is reoriented.
- the small anisotropy of the side chain polymer film 7 of the present invention induced by the photofleece rearrangement reaction is amplified by heat, and the larger anisotropy is present in the side chain polymer film 7 of the present invention. Will be granted.
- the photoreactive group of the side chain polymer of the present invention is a photocrosslinkable group, as shown in FIG. 1 (d) and FIG. 2 (d), As shown in Fig. 1 (c) and Fig. 2 (c), anisotropy is induced in the side chain polymer film by self-organization of mesogens, and then the large anisotropy induced by non-polarized light irradiation. Sex is fixed. Therefore, in the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention, the side-chain polymer film of the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays and subjected to heat treatment.
- a liquid crystal alignment film having anisotropy introduced with high efficiency can be obtained.
- the irradiation amount of the polarized ultraviolet-ray to the side chain type polymer film of this invention, and the heating temperature in heat processing are optimized. Thereby, introduction of anisotropy into the side chain type polymer film can be realized with high efficiency.
- the optimum irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet light for introducing highly efficient anisotropy into the side chain polymer film of the present invention is that the photo-sensitive group in the side chain polymer film is subjected to photocrosslinking reaction or photoisomerization. It corresponds to the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays that optimizes the amount of reaction or photofleece rearrangement reaction.
- the side chain polymer film of the present invention when the side chain polymer film of the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to the structure having a photocrosslinkable group, the crosslink reaction in the side chain occurs when the photopolymer of the side chain undergoing the crosslink reaction becomes excessive. Will progress too much. In that case, the resulting film may become rigid and hinder the progress of self-assembly by subsequent heating.
- the side chain type polymer film of the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays to the structure having the light fleece rearrangement group
- the side chain type becomes excessive when the side chain photosensitive group that undergoes the light fleece rearrangement reaction becomes excessive. The liquid crystallinity of the polymer film will be too low.
- the liquid crystallinity of the obtained film is also lowered, which may hinder the progress of self-assembly due to subsequent overheating.
- the side chain polymer of the present invention is photodegraded and then self-organized by overheating. May interfere with progress.
- the optimum amount of the side chain photosensitive group that undergoes photocrosslinking reaction, photoisomerization reaction, or photofleece rearrangement reaction by irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays is the side chain type high molecular weight film.
- the amount is preferably 0.1 mol% to 40 mol%, and more preferably 0.1 mol% to 20 mol% of the photosensitive group of the molecular film.
- the self-organization in the subsequent heat treatment proceeds efficiently, and the highly efficient anisotropy in the film is achieved. Formation is possible.
- a suitable amount of polarized ultraviolet light can be determined based on the evaluation of ultraviolet absorption of the side chain polymer film of the present invention.
- the ultraviolet absorption in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet light and the ultraviolet absorption in the vertical direction after the irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light are measured.
- ⁇ A which is the difference between the ultraviolet absorbance in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of polarized ultraviolet rays and the ultraviolet absorbance in the direction perpendicular to the polarization direction of the polarized ultraviolet rays.
- ⁇ Amax the maximum value of ⁇ A realized in the side chain type polymer film of the present invention and the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet light that realizes it are obtained.
- a preferable amount of polarized ultraviolet rays to be irradiated in the production of the liquid crystal alignment film can be determined on the basis of the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays that realizes this ⁇ Amax.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays to the side chain polymer film of the present invention is set within a range of 1% to 70% of the amount of polarized ultraviolet rays that realizes ⁇ Amax. Is preferable, and it is more preferable that the content be in the range of 1% to 50%.
- the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet light within the range of 1% to 50% of the amount of polarized ultraviolet light that realizes ⁇ Amax is the total amount of photosensitive groups of the side chain polymer film. 0.1 mol% to 20 mol% corresponds to the amount of polarized ultraviolet light that undergoes a photocrosslinking reaction.
- the side chain polymer film of the present invention is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light, and then the side chain polymer film is heated.
- the side chain polymer film of the present invention is a polymer film that can exhibit liquid crystallinity in a predetermined temperature range.
- the heat treatment after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays can be determined based on the temperature at which the liquid crystallinity of the side chain polymer film is developed. That is, the heating temperature after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays ranges from a temperature 10 ° C.
- liquid crystal temperature range higher than the lower limit of the temperature range in which the side chain polymer film of the present invention exhibits liquid crystallinity (hereinafter referred to as a liquid crystal temperature range).
- the temperature is preferably in the range up to 10 ° C. lower than the upper limit.
- the side chain type polymer film of the present invention is heated after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays to be in a liquid crystal state, and is self-organized in a direction parallel to the polarization direction to be reoriented.
- the small anisotropy of the side chain polymer film of the present invention induced by the photocrosslinking reaction, photoisomerization reaction, and photofleece rearrangement reaction is amplified by heat.
- the side chain polymer film of the present invention exhibits a liquid crystal state by heating, if the heating temperature is low, the viscosity of the side chain polymer film in the liquid crystal state is high and realignment due to self-organization is not possible. It becomes difficult to occur.
- the heating temperature is in the range from the lower limit of the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer film of the present invention to a temperature higher by 10 ° C.
- the anisotropy amplification effect due to heat in the side chain polymer film of the present invention Cannot be sufficient.
- the side chain polymer film of the present invention exhibits a liquid crystal state by heating, if the heating temperature is high, the state of the side chain polymer film becomes close to an isotropic liquid state, and self-organization This makes it difficult to reorient in one direction.
- the heating temperature is higher than the temperature lower by 10 ° C. from the upper limit of the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer film of the present invention, the anisotropy amplification effect due to heat in the side chain polymer film of the present invention Cannot be sufficient.
- the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is suitable on the basis of the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer film in order to achieve highly efficient anisotropy introduction into the side chain polymer film.
- Determine the appropriate heating temperature As described above, the heating temperature after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light is 10 ° C. lower than the lower limit of the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer film, and the upper limit is 10 ° C. lower than the upper limit of the liquid crystal temperature range. The temperature is within the range. Therefore, for example, when the liquid crystal temperature range of the side chain polymer film of the present invention is 100 ° C. to 200 ° C., the heating temperature after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet light is preferably 110 ° C. to 190 ° C. By so doing, greater anisotropy is imparted to the side chain polymer film of the present invention.
- the alignment treatment in the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention has been described above. Next, the method for manufacturing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention will be described.
- the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention includes the following steps [1] to [III] or the following steps [1] to [IV] in the following order. Then, a liquid crystal alignment film into which anisotropy is introduced is manufactured with high efficiency.
- [I] forming a photosensitive side chain polymer film capable of exhibiting liquid crystallinity on a substrate; [II] A step of irradiating the side chain type polymer film obtained in the step [I] with polarized ultraviolet rays [III] A step of heating the side chain type polymer film irradiated with the polarized ultraviolet rays in the step [II] [IV] A step of irradiating the non-polarized ultraviolet ray to the side chain polymer film which has been irradiated with ultraviolet rays and then heated. [I] to [III] steps of the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention Alternatively, each step of the following steps [1] to [IV] will be described.
- the side chain polymer film of the present invention on the substrate is formed.
- the substrate is not particularly limited.
- a transparent substrate such as a plastic substrate such as an acrylic substrate or a polycarbonate substrate can be used.
- a substrate on which an ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) electrode for driving a liquid crystal is formed is used from the viewpoint of simplifying the process of manufacturing a liquid crystal display element. Is also possible.
- an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer can be used.
- an electrode using a material that reflects light such as aluminum can also be used.
- the film formation on the substrate is performed by applying the solution side chain polymer film.
- the method of coating is not particularly limited, but industrially, a method of screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an ink jet method, or the like is common. Other coating methods include a dipping method, a roll coater method, a slit coater method, a spinner method (rotary coating method), or a spray method, and these may be used depending on the purpose.
- the solution-like side chain polymer film of the present invention After applying the solution-like side chain polymer film of the present invention on the substrate, it is 20 ° C. to 180 ° C., preferably 40 ° C. by a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation oven or an IR (infrared) oven.
- the side chain polymer membrane of the present invention can be obtained by evaporating the solvent at ⁇ 150 ° C. If the thickness of the side chain polymer film is too thick, it is disadvantageous in terms of power consumption of the liquid crystal display element to which the liquid crystal alignment film is applied, and if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered.
- the thickness is 5 nm to 300 nm, more preferably 10 nm to 100 nm.
- step [II] the side chain polymer film obtained in step [I] is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays.
- the substrate is irradiated with polarized ultraviolet rays through a polarizing plate from a certain direction.
- ultraviolet rays to be used ultraviolet rays having a wavelength in the range of 100 nm to 400 nm can be used.
- the optimum wavelength is selected through a filter or the like depending on the type of the side chain polymer film to be used.
- ultraviolet light having a wavelength in the range of 250 nm to 400 nm can be selected and used so that a photocrosslinking reaction can be selectively induced.
- the ultraviolet light for example, light emitted from a high-pressure mercury lamp can be used.
- the irradiation amount of the polarized ultraviolet light is preferably in the range of 1% to 70% of the amount of the polarized ultraviolet light that realizes ⁇ Amax of the side chain polymer film of the present invention to be used. More preferably, it is within the range of 50% to 50%.
- step [III] the side chain polymer film irradiated with the ultraviolet light polarized in step [II] is heated.
- a heating means such as a hot plate, a heat circulation type oven or an IR (infrared) type oven is used.
- the heating temperature can be determined in consideration of the temperature at which the liquid crystallinity of the side chain polymer film of the present invention to be used is developed. That is, the heating temperature after irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays is 10 ° C. lower than the upper limit of the liquid crystal temperature range, with the temperature being 10 ° C. higher than the lower limit of the liquid crystal temperature range in which the side chain polymer film of the present invention used exhibits liquid crystallinity.
- the temperature is within a range where the lower temperature is the upper limit.
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- the polymer 1 exhibited liquid crystallinity in the temperature range of 116 ° C. to 315 ° C.
- Synthesis Example 7> The methacrylic acid ester represented by the above formula (10) was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran and polymerized by adding azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as a reaction initiator to obtain a polymer 2.
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- This polymer 2 exhibited liquid crystallinity in the temperature range of 135 ° C to 187 ° C.
- Example 1 ⁇ Creation of liquid crystal alignment film with anisotropy introduced> ⁇ Example 1> The polymer 1 obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was dissolved in methylene chloride and spin-coated on an optically isotropic substrate with a thickness of about 190 nm to form a side chain polymer film on the substrate. Formed. When the ultraviolet absorption spectrum was measured using this substrate, the maximum absorbance was 0.89 at 314 nm. The side chain polymer film on the obtained substrate was irradiated with ultraviolet rays converted to linearly polarized light using a Grand Taylor prism.
- the side-chain polymer film on the substrate thus obtained was used to measure the ultraviolet absorption spectrum, and the side-chain polymer film was measured in a direction perpendicular to the UV absorbance in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the irradiated polarized UV light.
- ⁇ A which is the difference from the ultraviolet absorbance, was evaluated.
- ⁇ A reaches a maximum of 0.2 at 314 nm when irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 365 nm, but 650 mJ is irradiated so that ⁇ A is 0.065 (a difference of 32% with respect to the maximum value).
- the substrate was heated to 155 ° C., and the side chain polymer film was kept as a liquid crystal phase for 5 minutes. Then, it cooled to room temperature and obtained the board
- a substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film was obtained by irradiating the substrate having an anisotropically introduced side chain polymer film with non-polarized ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 365 nm in terms of 1500 mJ.
- Example 2 The polymer 1 obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was used, and the irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the irradiation amount with polarized ultraviolet rays was 500 mJ (the irradiation amount with which ⁇ A was 25% of the maximum value of ⁇ A). The heat treatment was performed. As a result, ⁇ A before and after the heat treatment was amplified from 0.05 to 1.85, and the degree of orientation at that time was 0.74 at 314 nm. Thereafter, unpolarized ultraviolet rays were irradiated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Example 3 The polymer 2 obtained in Synthesis Example 7 was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, spin-coated on an optically isotropic substrate with a thickness of about 150 nm, and the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays was 5 mJ (maximum value of ⁇ A). The amount of irradiation was 10% ⁇ A), and irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays and subsequent heat treatment were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the subsequent heat treatment was performed at 165 ° C. for 5 minutes. As a result, ⁇ A before and after the heat treatment was amplified from 0.03 to 1.6, and the degree of orientation at that time was 0.72 at 314 nm.
- Example 4 Using the polymer 3 obtained in Synthesis Example 8, the polarized ultraviolet light irradiation and the subsequent treatment were performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the irradiation amount of the polarized ultraviolet light was 20 mJ (the irradiation amount at which ⁇ A was 40% of the maximum value of ⁇ A). The heat treatment was performed. As a result, ⁇ A before and after the heat treatment was amplified from 0.12 to 1.6, and the degree of orientation at that time was 0.62 at 314 nm. Thereafter, 1000 mJ of non-polarized ultraviolet rays was irradiated in the same manner as in Example 1 to obtain a substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film.
- Example 5 The polymer 4 obtained in Synthesis Example 9 was dissolved in methylene chloride, and a side chain polymer film was formed on the substrate by spin-coating to an optically isotropic substrate with a thickness of about 220 nm. Irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays was performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays was 300 mJ (irradiation amount at which ⁇ A was 29% of the maximum value of ⁇ A), and the subsequent heat treatment was performed at 200 ° C. for 5 minutes. The heat treatment was performed.
- Example 6 The polymer 5 obtained in Synthesis Example 10 was dissolved in methylene chloride and spin-coated on an optically isotropic substrate with a thickness of about 220 nm to form a side chain polymer film on the substrate.
- Irradiation with polarized ultraviolet rays was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet rays was 1000 mJ (irradiation amount at which ⁇ A was 49% of the maximum value of ⁇ A), and the subsequent heat treatment was carried out at 180 ° C. for 5 minutes. The heat treatment was performed. As a result, ⁇ A before and after the heat treatment was amplified from 0.07 to 1.7, and a substrate having a liquid crystal alignment film having an alignment degree of 0.72 at 262 nm was obtained.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 1> The polymer 1 obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was dissolved in methylene chloride and spin-coated on an optically isotropic substrate with a thickness of about 190 nm to form a side chain polymer film on the substrate. Formed. When the ultraviolet absorption spectrum was measured using this substrate, the maximum absorbance was 0.89 at 314 nm. The side chain polymer film on the obtained substrate was irradiated with ultraviolet rays converted to linearly polarized light using a Grand Taylor prism.
- the side-chain polymer film on the substrate thus obtained was used to measure the ultraviolet absorption spectrum, and the side-chain polymer film was measured in a direction perpendicular to the UV absorbance in the direction parallel to the polarization direction of the irradiated polarized UV light.
- ⁇ A which is the difference from the ultraviolet absorbance, was evaluated.
- ⁇ A reaches a maximum of 0.2 at 314 nm when irradiated with polarized ultraviolet light at a wavelength of 365 nm, but 650 mJ is irradiated so that ⁇ A is 0.065 (a difference of 32% with respect to the maximum value).
- the substrate was heated to 155 ° C., and the side chain polymer film was kept as a liquid crystal phase for 5 minutes. Then, it cooled to room temperature and obtained the board
- ⁇ Comparative example 2> The polymer 1 obtained in Synthesis Example 6 was dissolved in methylene chloride and spin-coated on an optically isotropic substrate with a thickness of about 190 nm to form a side chain polymer film on the substrate. A liquid crystal in which anisotropy was introduced into the film was carried out in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that the irradiation amount of polarized ultraviolet light was 4500 mJ (the irradiation amount at which ⁇ A was the maximum value). An alignment film was obtained. At this time, ⁇ A before and after the heat treatment did not change from 0.07 to 0.07, the degree of orientation was 0.12 at 314 nm, and amplification of ⁇ A and the degree of orientation was not confirmed.
- Example 7 Using two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Example 1, an anti-parallel liquid crystal cell sandwiching liquid crystal ZLI-4792 manufactured by Merck Japan Ltd. was obtained. When the obtained liquid crystal cell was observed under crossed Nicols, uniform liquid crystal alignment without alignment failure was observed. In addition, two ITO substrates with a liquid crystal alignment film introduced with such anisotropy are produced, and a liquid crystal ZLI-4792 is sandwiched between them, and the obtained liquid crystal cell is further paired with a pair of linear polarizing plates. By sandwiching, a TN (Twisted Nematic) type liquid crystal display element having a liquid crystal thickness of 6 ⁇ m was produced.
- TN Transmission Nematic
- Example 8> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Example 2. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 9> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Example 3. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Example 4. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Example 5. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 12> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Example 6. The results are shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 5> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Comparative Example 1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 6> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Comparative Example 2. The results are shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 7> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Comparative Example 3. The results are shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Comparative Example 8> A liquid crystal cell was prepared in the same manner as in Example 7 using the two substrates having the liquid crystal alignment film prepared in Comparative Example 4. The results are shown in Table 1. From the above evaluation results, it was found that the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention produced by using the method for producing a liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention with a small amount of ultraviolet irradiation can provide a liquid crystal display element.
- the production method of the present invention is useful for producing a liquid crystal alignment film that enables highly efficient alignment treatment. It should be noted that the entire content of the specification, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-260180 filed on November 29, 2011 is cited here as the disclosure of the specification of the present invention. Incorporated.
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Abstract
Description
そこで、ラビングを行わない液晶配向膜の別の配向処理方法として、光配向法が盛んに検討されている。
光配向法には様々な方法があるが、直線偏光又はコリメートした光によって液晶配向膜を構成する有機膜内に異方性を形成し、その異方性に従って液晶を配向させる。
また、光架橋型や光異性化型の光配向法も知られている。例えば、ポリビニルシンナメートを用い、偏光紫外線を照射し、偏光と平行な2つの側鎖の二重結合部分で二量化反応(架橋反応)を生じさせる。そして、偏光方向と直交した方向に液晶を配向させる(非特許文献1を参照)。また、アゾベンゼンを側鎖に有する側鎖型高分子を用いた場合、偏光紫外線を照射し、偏光と平行な側鎖のアゾベンゼン部で異性化反応を生じさせ、偏光方向と直交した方向に液晶を配向させる(非特許文献2を参照)。
したがって、光配向法では、配向処理の高効率化や安定な液晶配向の実現が求められており、液晶配向膜への高い配向制御能の付与を高効率に行うことができる液晶配向膜の製造方法の開発が求められている。
また、本発明は、その液晶配向膜の製造方法を用いて、光を用いた高効率な配向処理を実現して製造された液晶配向膜を提供することを目的とする。
さらに、本発明は、光を用いた高効率な配向処理を実現して製造された液晶配向膜を備えた液晶表示素子を提供することを目的とする。
本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法は、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子膜を用い、ラビング処理を行うこと無く、偏光照射によって配向処理を行う方法を利用する。そして、偏光照射の後、その側鎖型高分子膜を加熱する工程を設けて液晶配向膜を製造する。このとき、偏光の照射量と偏光照射後の加熱工程での加熱温度を最適化することにより、液晶配向膜において高効率な配向処理を実現し、高い効率で、かつ良好な配向制御能の付与を実現することができる。
本発明は、以下を要旨とするものである。
(1)[I]基板上に、所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子膜を形成する工程、
[II]前記側鎖型高分子膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程、及び
[III]前記紫外線の照射された側鎖型高分子膜を加熱する工程
を有する液晶配向膜の製造方法であって、
[II]工程の紫外線照射量が、前記側鎖型高分子膜の、前記偏光した紫外線の偏光方向と平行な方向の紫外線吸光度と垂直な方向の紫外線吸光度との差であるΔAを最大にする紫外線照射量の1%~70%の範囲内であることを特徴とする液晶配向膜の製造方法。
(3)[III]工程の加熱温度が、前記側鎖型高分子膜が液晶性を発現する温度範囲の下限より10℃高い温度から当該温度範囲の上限より10℃低い温度までの範囲の温度である上記(1)又は(2)に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
(4)前記、液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子に含有される感光性基がアゾベンゼン、スチルベン、桂皮酸、桂皮酸エステル、カルコン、クマリン、トラン、フェニルベンゾエート、又はその誘導体である上記(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
[II]前記光架橋性側鎖型高分子膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程、及び
[III]前記紫外線の照射された側鎖型高分子膜を加熱する工程
[IV]前記紫外線を照射され、その後加熱された側鎖型高分子膜に無偏光の紫外線を照射する工程
を有する液晶配向膜の製造方法であって、
[II]工程の紫外線照射量が、前記側鎖型高分子膜の、前記偏光した紫外線の偏光方向と平行な方向の紫外線吸光度と垂直な方向の紫外線吸光度との差であるΔAを最大にする紫外線照射量の1%~70%の範囲内であることを特徴とする液晶配向膜の製造方法。
(6)[II]工程の紫外線照射量が、前記ΔAを最大にする紫外線照射量の1%~50%の範囲内である上記(5)に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
(7)[III]工程の加熱温度が、前記側鎖型高分子膜が液晶性を発現する温度範囲の下限より10℃高い温度から当該温度範囲の上限より10℃低い温度までの範囲の温度である上記(5)又は(6)に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
(8)[IV]工程の紫外線照射により、前記側鎖型高分子膜の有する光架橋性基の20モル%以上が反応する上記(5)~(7)のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
(9)前記、液晶性を発現する光架橋性の側鎖型高分子に含有される感光性基が桂皮酸、桂皮酸エステル、カルコン、クマリン、トラン、又はその誘導体である上記(5)~(8)のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
(12)上記(11)に記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
また、その液晶配向膜の製造方法を用いて、高効率な配向処理を可能とする液晶配向膜を提供することができる。さらに、その液晶配向膜を用いて、高効率な配向処理を実現して製造された液晶配向膜を備えた液晶表示素子を提供することが可能となる。
本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法は、本発明の側鎖型高分子を用いて基板上に塗膜を形成した後、偏光した紫外線を照射する。次いで、加熱を行うことにより側鎖型高分子膜への高効率な異方性の導入を実現し、液晶の配向制御能を備えた液晶配向膜を製造する。本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法では、本発明の側鎖型高分子膜の光反応と液晶性に基づく自己組織化によって誘起される分子再配向の原理を利用して、側鎖型高分子膜への高効率な異方性の導入を実現する。さらに、本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法で、光反応性基として光架橋性基を有する構造の場合、本発明の側鎖型高分子を用いて基板上に塗膜を形成した後、偏光した紫外線を照射し、次いで、加熱を行った後、無偏光の紫外線を照射することで、高分子膜中に導入された異方性を固定化できる。
本発明の第1の形態の液晶配向膜の製造方法における、側鎖型高分子膜への異方性の導入処理で、[II]工程の紫外線照射量が、ΔAを最大にする紫外線照射量の1%~15%の範囲内である場合は、先ず、基板上に本発明の側鎖型高分子膜1を形成する。図1(a)に示すように、基板上に形成された本発明の側鎖型高分子膜1では、側鎖2がランダムに配列する構造を有する。側鎖型高分子膜1の側鎖2のランダム配列に従い、側鎖2のメソゲン成分及び感光性基もランダムに配向しており、その側鎖型高分子膜1は等方性である。
したがって、本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法では、本発明の側鎖型高分子膜への偏光した紫外線の照射と加熱処理、さらに、本発明の第1の形態の場合は加熱処理の後の無偏光照射とを順次行うことにより、高効率に異方性の導入された液晶配向膜を得ることができる。
そして、本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法では、本発明の側鎖型高分子膜への偏光した紫外線の照射量と、加熱処理における加熱温度を最適化する。それにより高効率な、側鎖型高分子膜への異方性の導入を実現することができる。
本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法は、以下の[1]~[III]の工程、又は以下の[1]~[IV]の工程を以下の順で有する。そして、高い効率で異方性の導入された液晶配向膜を製造する。
[I]基板上に、液晶性を発現し得る感光性の側鎖型高分子膜を形成する工程、
[II]工程[I]で得られた側鎖型高分子膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程
[III]工程[II]で偏光した紫外線の照射された側鎖型高分子膜を加熱する工程
[IV]前記紫外線を照射され、その後加熱された側鎖型高分子膜に無偏光の紫外線を照射する工程
以下、本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法の有する[I]~[III]の工程、又は以下の[1]~[IV]の工程の各工程について説明する。
尚、[I]工程の後、続く[II]工程の前に、側鎖型高分子膜の形成された基板を室温にまで冷却する工程を設けることも可能である。
偏光した紫外線の照射量については、上述したように、使用する本発明の側鎖型高分子膜のΔAmaxを実現する偏光紫外線の量の1%~70%の範囲内とすることが好ましく、1%~50%の範囲内とすることがより好ましい。
以上の工程を有することにより、本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法では、高効率な、側鎖型高分子膜への異方性の導入を実現する。そして、高効率に本発明の液晶配向膜を製造することができる。
工程[IV]では、前記紫外線を照射され、その後加熱された側鎖型高分子膜に無偏光の紫外線を照射する。この工程により、[II]工程で反応せずに残り、[III]工程で再配向した本発明の側鎖型高分子膜が架橋反応を起こし、配向が安定化する。
[IV]工程の紫外線照射により、前記側鎖型高分子膜の有する光架橋性基の20モル%以上を反応させることが好ましい。換言すれば、[II]工程で光架橋性基が20モル%以上残っていないと、この工程において充分に配向安定化させることが容易でない。再配向した光反応性基がその配向状態のまま固定化され難いためである。上記式(6)、(7)の場合、この工程を行うと逆に本発明の効果が発揮することが容易でない。
<合成例1>
4,4’-ビフェニルジオールと1,6-ジブロモヘキサンをアルカリ条件下で加熱することにより、4’-(6-ブロモヘキシルオキシ)ビフェニル-4-オールを合成した。この生成物にメタクリル酸リチウム反応させ、2-(4’-ヒドロキシビフェニル-4-イルオキシ)ヘキシルオキシメタクリレートを得た。次いで、塩基性条件化において、4-メトキシシンナモイルクロリドを加え下記式(9)に示される化合物を合成した。
<合成例2>
1-ヒドロキシシンナミックアシッドと1-ヒドロキシ-6-ヘキサノールをアルカリ条件下で加熱することにより4-(6-ヒドロキシヘキシルオキシ)シンナミックアシッドを合成した。この生成物にメタクリル酸クロライドを塩基性条件下で反応させ、下記式(10)に示される化合物を得た。
1-ヒドロキシ安息香酸と1-ヒドロキシ-6-ヘキサノールをアルカリ条件下で加熱することにより4-(6-ヒドロキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸を合成した。この生成物にメタクリル酸クロライドを塩基性条件下で反応させ、下記式(11)に示される化合物を得た。
<合成例4>
4-ヨードフェノールと6-クロロ-1-ヘキサノールをアルカリ条件化で加熱することにより4-(6-ヒドロキシヘキシルオキシ)ヨードフェノールを合成した。この生成物に2-メチル-3-ブチン-2-オールを反応させた後、アルカリ条件化で過熱することで4-(6-ヒドロキシヘキシルオキシ)エチニルベンゼン(化合物A)を得た。また、別経路において、4-メトキシシンナミックアシッドクロライドと4-ヨードフェノールを反応させ、4-ヨードフェニル-3-(4-メトキシフェニル)アクリレート(化合物B)を合成した。続いて、化合物Aと化合物Bを塩基性条件下で反応させることにより、下記式(12)に示される化合物を得た。
1-ヒドロキシ安息香酸と1-ヒドロキシ-6-ヘキサノールをアルカリ条件下で加熱することにより4-(6-ヒドロキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸を合成した後、塩化チオニルを加えることにより、4-(6-ヒドロキシヘキシルオキシ)安息香酸クロライドを得た。この生成物にp-メトキシフェノールを塩基性条件下で反応させ、下記式(13)に示される化合物を得た。
<合成例6>
上記式(9)で示されるメタクリル酸エステルをテトラヒドロフラン中に溶解し、反応開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)を添加して重合することにより重合体1を得た。この重合体1は116℃~315℃の温度範囲で液晶性を示した。
<合成例7>
上記式(10)で示されるメタクリル酸エステルをテトラヒドロフラン中に溶解し、反応開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)を添加して重合することにより重合体2を得た。この重合体2は135℃~187℃の温度範囲で液晶性を示した。
上記式(10)で示されるメタクリル酸エステルと上記式(11)で示されるメタクリル酸エステルを25対75となる割合でテトラヒドロフラン中に溶解し、反応開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)を添加して重合することにより重合体3を得た。この重合体3は146℃~183℃の温度範囲で液晶性を示した。
<合成例9>
上記式(12)で示されるメタクリル酸エステルをテトラヒドロフラン中に溶解し、反応開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)を添加して重合することにより重合体4を得た。この重合体4は66℃~320℃の温度範囲で液晶性を示した。
<合成例10>
上記式(13)で示されるメタクリル酸エステルをテトラヒドロフラン中に溶解し、反応開始剤としてアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)を添加して重合することにより重合体5を得た。この重合体5は143℃~283℃の温度範囲で液晶性を示した。
<実施例1>
合成例6で得られた重合体1を用い、塩化メチレンに溶解し、光学的に等方性の基板に、約190nmの厚さでスピンコートすることで基板上に側鎖型高分子膜を形成した。この基板を用いて紫外吸収スペクトルを測定したところ、最大吸光度は314nmで0.89であった。得られた基板上の側鎖型高分子膜に、グランテーラープリズムを用いて直線偏光に変換した紫外線を照射した。
合成例6で得られた重合体1を用い、偏光紫外線の照射量を500mJ(ΔAの最大値の25%のΔAとなる照射量)とした以外は実施例1と同様に偏光紫外線照射とその後の熱処理を行った。その結果、熱処理前後のΔAは0.05から1.85に増幅され、その時の配向度は314nmで0.74となった。その後、実施例1と同様に無偏光紫外線を照射し、液晶配向膜を有する基板を得た。
<実施例3>
合成例7で得られた重合体2をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、光学的に等方性の基板に、約150nmの厚さでスピンコートしたこと、偏光紫外線の照射量を5mJ(ΔAの最大値の10%のΔAとなる照射量)とし、その後の熱処理を165℃で5分間とした以外は実施例1と同様に偏光紫外線照射とその後の熱処理を行った。その結果、熱処理前後のΔAは0.03から1.6に増幅され、その時の配向度は314nmで0.72となった。その後、実施例1と同様に無偏光紫外線を1000mJ照射し、液晶配向膜を有する基板を得た。
<実施例4>
合成例8で得られた重合体3を用い、偏光紫外線の照射量を20mJ(ΔAの最大値の40%のΔAとなる照射量)とした以外は実施例3と同様に偏光紫外線照射とその後の熱処理を行った。その結果、熱処理前後のΔAは0.12から1.6に増幅され、その時の配向度は314nmで0.62となった。その後、実施例1と同様に無偏光紫外線を1000mJ照射し、液晶配向膜を有する基板を得た。
合成例9で得られた重合体4を塩化メチレンに溶解し、光学的に等方性の基板に、約220nmの厚さでスピンコートすることで基板上に側鎖型高分子膜を形成したこと、偏光紫外線の照射量を300mJ(ΔAの最大値の29%のΔAとなる照射量)とし、その後の熱処理を200℃で5分間とした以外は実施例1と同様に偏光紫外線照射とその後の熱処理を行った。その結果、熱処理前後のΔAは0.04から1.4に増幅され、その時の配向度は294nmで0.62となった。その後、実施例1と同様に無偏光紫外線を5000mJ照射し、液晶配向膜を有する基板を得た。
<実施例6>
合成例10で得られた重合体5を塩化メチレンに溶解し、光学的に等方性の基板に、約220nmの厚さでスピンコートすることで基板上に側鎖型高分子膜を形成したこと、偏光紫外線の照射量を1000mJ(ΔAの最大値の49%のΔAとなる照射量)とし、その後の熱処理を180℃で5分間とした以外は実施例1と同様に偏光紫外線照射とその後の熱処理を行った。その結果、熱処理前後のΔAは0.07から1.7に増幅され、その時の配向度は262nmで0.72となる液晶配向膜を有する基板を得た。
合成例6で得られた重合体1を用い、塩化メチレンに溶解し、光学的に等方性の基板に、約190nmの厚さでスピンコートすることで基板上に側鎖型高分子膜を形成した。この基板を用いて紫外吸収スペクトルを測定したところ、最大吸光度は314nmで0.89であった。得られた基板上の側鎖型高分子膜に、グランテーラープリズムを用いて直線偏光に変換した紫外線を照射した。
こうして得られた基板上の側鎖型高分子膜を用いて紫外吸収スペクトルを測定し、側鎖型高分子膜について、照射した偏光紫外線の偏光方向と平行な方向の紫外線吸光度と垂直な方向の紫外線吸光度との差であるΔAを評価した。ΔAは偏光紫外線を波長365nm換算で4500mJ照射した際に、314nmで最大0.2となるが、ΔAが0.065(最大値に対して32%の差)になるように偏光紫外線を650mJ照射し、続いて、この基板を155℃まで加熱し、側鎖型高分子膜を液晶相として、そのまま5分間保持した。その後、室温まで冷却して、膜中に異方性の導入された液晶配向膜を有する基板を得た。その際のΔAは1.8に増幅され、配向度は0.73となった。
合成例6で得られた重合体1を塩化メチレンに溶解し、光学的に等方性の基板に、約190nmの厚さでスピンコートすることで基板上に側鎖型高分子膜を形成したこと、偏光紫外線の照射量を4500mJ(ΔAが最大値となる照射量)とした以外は比較例1と同様に偏光紫外線照射とその後の熱処理を行い、膜中に異方性の導入された液晶配向膜を得た。この際、熱処理前後のΔAは0.07から0.07と変化せず、配向度も314nmで0.12であり、ΔAと配向度の増幅は確認されなかった。
<比較例3>
合成例7で得られた重合体2をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、光学的に等方性の基板に、約150nmの厚さでスピンコートすることで基板上に側鎖型高分子膜を形成したこと、偏光紫外線の照射量を900mJ(ΔAが最大値となる照射量)とし、その後の熱処理を165℃とした以外は比較例1と同様に偏光紫外線照射とその後の熱処理を行い、膜中に異方性の導入された液晶配向膜を得た。この際、熱処理前後のΔAは0.07から0.07と変化せず、配向度も314nmで0.12であり、ΔAと配向度の増幅は確認されなかった。
合成例7で得られた重合体2をテトラヒドロフランに溶解し、光学的に等方性の基板に、約150nmの厚さでスピンコートすることで基板上に側鎖型高分子膜を形成したこと、偏光紫外線の照射量を5mJ(ΔAが最大値の10%のΔAとなる照射量)とし、その後の熱処理を重合体2の液晶温度範囲以上である200℃とした以外は比較例1と同様に偏光紫外線照射とその後の熱処理を行い、液晶配向膜を得た。この際、熱処理前後のΔAは0.07から0と減少し、配向ども314nmで0となり、高分子薄膜中の異方性が消失した。
<実施例7>
実施例1で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、メルクジャパン(株)製の液晶ZLI-4792を挟持したアンチパラレル液晶セルを得た。得られた液晶セルを直交ニコル下で観察したところ、配向不良のない均一な液晶配向が観察された。また、このような異方性を導入された液晶配向膜付きのITO基板を2枚作製し、それらの間に液晶ZLI-4792を挟持し、得られた液晶セルをさらに一対の直線偏光板で挟持することにより、液晶の厚さが6μmのTN(Twisted Nematic)型液晶表示素子を作成した。このTN型液晶表示素子ではITO電極への電圧印加による液晶の駆動が確認できた。液晶表示素子は全面にわたり配向欠陥の無いことが確認され、電圧印加による均一な液晶の配向変化が確認された。本実施の形態の液晶配向膜を用い、本実施の液晶表示素子を製造することができた。評価結果を表1にまとめる。
<実施例8>
実施例2で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
<実施例9>
実施例3で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
<実施例10>
実施例4で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
実施例5で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
<実施例12>
実施例6で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
<比較例5>
比較例1で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
<比較例6>
比較例2で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
<比較例7>
比較例3で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
<比較例8>
比較例4で作成した液晶配向膜を有する基板2枚を用いて、実施例7と同様な方法にて液晶セルを作成した。結果を表1に示す。
以上の評価結果から、本発明の液晶配向膜の製造方法を用い、少ない紫外線照射量によって作製された本発明の液晶配向膜は、液晶表示素子を提供できることがわかった。
なお、2011年11月29日に出願された日本特許出願2011-260180号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面及び要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。
2、2a 側鎖
3 側鎖型高分子膜
4、4a 側鎖
5 側鎖型高分子膜
6、6a 側鎖
7 側鎖型高分子膜
8、8a 側鎖
Claims (12)
- [I]基板上に、所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子膜を形成する工程、
[II]前記側鎖型高分子膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程、及び
[III]前記紫外線の照射された側鎖型高分子膜を加熱する工程
を有する液晶配向膜の製造方法であって、
[II]工程の紫外線照射量が、前記側鎖型高分子膜の、前記偏光した紫外線の偏光方向と平行な方向の紫外線吸光度と垂直な方向の紫外線吸光度との差であるΔAを最大にする紫外線照射量の1%~70%の範囲内であることを特徴とする液晶配向膜の製造方法。 - [II]工程の紫外線照射量が、前記ΔAを最大にする紫外線照射量の1%~50%の範囲内である請求項1に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- [III]工程の加熱温度が、前記側鎖型高分子膜が液晶性を発現する温度範囲の下限より10℃高い温度から当該温度範囲の上限より10℃低い温度までの範囲の温度である請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 前記、液晶性を発現する感光性の側鎖型高分子に含有される感光性基がアゾベンゼン、スチルベン、桂皮酸、桂皮酸エステル、カルコン、クマリン、トラン、フェニルベンゾエート、又はその誘導体である請求項1~3に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- [I]基板上に、所定の温度範囲で液晶性を発現する光架橋性の側鎖型高分子膜を形成する工程、
[II]前記光架橋性側鎖型高分子膜に偏光した紫外線を照射する工程、及び
[III]前記紫外線の照射された側鎖型高分子膜を加熱する工程
[IV]前記紫外線を照射され、その後加熱された側鎖型高分子膜に無偏光の紫外線を照射する工程
を有する液晶配向膜の製造方法であって、
[II]工程の紫外線照射量が、前記側鎖型高分子膜の、前記偏光した紫外線の偏光方向と平行な方向の紫外線吸光度と垂直な方向の紫外線吸光度との差であるΔAを最大にする紫外線照射量の1%~70%の範囲内であることを特徴とする液晶配向膜の製造方法。 - [II]工程の紫外線照射量が、前記ΔAを最大にする紫外線照射量の1%~50%の範囲内である請求項5に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- [III]工程の加熱温度が、前記側鎖型高分子膜が液晶性を発現する温度範囲の下限より10℃高い温度から当該温度範囲の上限より10℃低い温度までの範囲の温度である請求項5又は6に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- [IV]工程の紫外線照射により、前記側鎖型高分子膜の有する光架橋性基の20モル%以上が反応する請求項5~7に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 前記、液晶性を発現する光架橋性の側鎖型高分子に含有される感光性基が桂皮酸、桂皮酸エステル、カルコン、クマリン、トラン、又はその誘導体である請求項5~8に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
- 前記側鎖型高分子膜は、炭化水素、アクリレート、及びメタクリレートからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種から構成された主鎖と、下記式(1)~(7)の少なくとも1種で表される側鎖とを有する構造である請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法。
(式(1)中、A1、B1はそれぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、又はNH-CO-を表し、Y1はベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、及び炭素数5~8の環状炭化水素なる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-C=C(CN)2、-C=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い。X1は単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-C=C-、-C≡C-、又はC6H4-を表し、l1は1~12の整数を表し、m1は1~3の整数を表し、n1は1~12の整数を表す。式(2)中、A2、B2、D1はそれぞれ独立に、単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、又はNH-CO-を表し、Y2はベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、及び炭素数5~8の環状炭化水素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-C=C(CN)2、-C=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い。X2は単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-C=C-、-C≡C-、又はC6H4-を表し、R1は水素原子、又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。l2は1~12の整数を表し、m2は1~3の整数を表し、n2は1~12の整数を表す。式(3)中、A3は単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、又はNH-CO-を表し、X3は単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-C=C-、-C≡C-、又はC6H4-を表し、R2は水素原子、又は炭素数1~6のアルキル基を表す。l3は1~12の整数を表し、m3は1~3の整数を表す。式(4)中、l4は1~12の整数を表す。式(5)中、A4は単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、又はNH-CO-を表し、X4は-COO-を表し、Y3はベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、及びビフェニル環からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-C=C(CN)2、-C=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い。l5は1~12の整数を表し、m4は1~3の整数を表す。式(6)中、A5は単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、又はNH-CO-を表し、R3は水素原子、-NO2、-CN、-C=C(CN)2、-C=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、及び炭素数1~6のアルキルオキシ基からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を表す。l6は1~12の整数を表す。式(6)中のベンゼン環に結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-C=C(CN)2、-C=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い。式(7)中、A6は単結合、-O-、-CH2-、-COO-、-OCO-、-CONH-、又はNH-CO-を表し、B3は単結合、-COO-、-OCO-、-N=N-、-C=C-、-C≡C-、又はC6H4-を表す。W1はベンゼン環、ナフタレン環、ビフェニル環、フラン環、ピロール環、及び炭素数5~8の環状炭化水素からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基であり、それらに結合する水素原子はそれぞれ独立に-NO2、-CN、-C=C(CN)2、-C=CH-CN、ハロゲン基、アルキル基、又はアルキルオキシ基で置換されても良い。l7は1~12の整数を表し、m5、m6はそれぞれ1~3の整数を表す。) - 請求項1~10のいずれか1項に記載の液晶配向膜の製造方法により製造された液晶配向膜。
- 請求項11に記載の液晶配向膜を有する液晶表示素子。
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2017090934A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
| CN103959152A (zh) | 2014-07-30 |
| KR102012533B1 (ko) | 2019-08-20 |
| JP6150731B2 (ja) | 2017-06-21 |
| JPWO2013081066A1 (ja) | 2015-04-27 |
| KR102157012B1 (ko) | 2020-09-16 |
| TW201341413A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
| KR20140105446A (ko) | 2014-09-01 |
| KR20190099085A (ko) | 2019-08-23 |
| TWI593710B (zh) | 2017-08-01 |
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