WO2013076339A1 - Combined preparations and compositions for the treatment of fibromyalgia - Google Patents
Combined preparations and compositions for the treatment of fibromyalgia Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013076339A1 WO2013076339A1 PCT/ES2012/070816 ES2012070816W WO2013076339A1 WO 2013076339 A1 WO2013076339 A1 WO 2013076339A1 ES 2012070816 W ES2012070816 W ES 2012070816W WO 2013076339 A1 WO2013076339 A1 WO 2013076339A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/13—Amines
- A61K31/135—Amines having aromatic rings, e.g. ketamine, nortriptyline
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
- A61K31/185—Acids; Anhydrides, halides or salts thereof, e.g. sulfur acids, imidic, hydrazonic or hydroximic acids
- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
Definitions
- the present invention is within the field of Medicine and Pharmacy, and refers to a composition and / or a combined preparation comprising analogs of ⁇ -aminobutyric acid and arylcycloalkylamines, structurally related to cyclidines, such as ethiciclidine, phencyclidine, roliciclidine and tenociclidine, for the treatment of chronic pain. Particularly, it refers to the compositions comprising pregabalin and ketamine, and to the combined preparations of pregabalin and ketamine, for the treatment of pain, and particularly, for the treatment of fibriomyalgia.
- the first line of treatment often includes the administration of ⁇ -opioid agonists, such as narcotics such as morphine (Anderson and Brill, 1992, Semin. Anesth. 11: 158-171).
- narcotics such as morphine
- SUPPL Stret-Protyl-N-phenyl-N-phenyl-N
- narcotics opioid agonists and antagonists
- butorphanols benzodiazepines
- GABA stimulants GABA stimulants
- barbiturates barbiturate analogues
- NMDA N-methyl-D-aspartate
- the NMDA receptor is constructed of different subunits (RN1, NR2A-D and NR3A-C), which are they can combine in different ways (NR1 in combination with 2A-D or 3A-C). Combinations of different subtypes are known to have different biophysical and pharmacological characteristics, which can influence the binding of NMDA receptor antagonists (Paoletti & Neyton, 2007. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7: 39-47). NMDA receptor antagonists were shown to reduce pain in FM (Graven-Nielsen et al., 2000. Pain 85: 483 ⁇ 191).
- Fibromyalgia can be difficult to treat and there are usually better results if the treatment is managed by physicians from various disciplines familiar with this co nd i tion and treatment, or a multidisciplinary approach.
- NSAIDs non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
- analgesics can relieve some of the pain although the extent of the placebo effect in these cases has not been evaluated, probably important when dealing with patients with a long history of contacts with the health system.
- Pregabalin (Lyrica) ® and Gabapentin (Neurotin) ® they are used successfully in the treatment of acute pain in neurological diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, peripheral polyneuropathies and multiple sclerosis, as well as fibromyalgia.
- a Cochrane review has recently been published that concludes that Gabapentin reduces pain in a third of patients with neuropathic pain.
- These medications do not cause adverse side effects on the digestive system (stomach, intestine and liver). Its main side effect is weight gain, which in turn favors greater fatigue and pain at certain points such as knees, ankles, back, etc.
- Ketamine or (f? S) -2- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexan-1-one is a dissociative anesthetic and its main mechanism of action is considered to be through antagonism of NMDA receptors . It has analgesic properties (Domino et al., 1965, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 6: 279). Analgesia can be achieved by subanesthetic doses of ketamine (Bovill, 1971, Br. J. Anaesth. 43: 496; Sadove et al., 1971, Anesth. Analg. 50: 452-457).
- ketamine in low doses is as an anti- hyperalgesia, allodynia or anti-tolerance protection agent.
- Several groups have reported the prolonged effects of pain relievers after oral, nasal, topical or intravenous administration of ketamine and the single dose versus administration of several days or more continuous days.
- Ketamine is known to also bind NMDA 2A subtypes to 2D and therefore can have a more favorable effect on a disease as heterogeneous as neuropathic pain, compared to NMDA receptor antagonists, with more discriminatory selectivity NMDA subtype, and his son in our study, 52.94% of the cases were classified as responders to intravenous ketamine.
- ketamine is a great antagonistic affinity of the NMDA receptor, which in the long term blockade of the receptors and the strong inhibition of neuronal hyperexcitability that occurs in neuropathic pain.
- a disadvantage of this indiscriminate and strong binding property is the higher proportion of side effects due to the binding of antagonists of neuronal structures that do not participate in pain.
- the present invention provides a composition and a combination therapy of ketamine and pregabalin, which decreases the side effects associated with other cocktails of drugs used in the treatment of pain, and which is useful in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
- a first aspect of the invention relates to a composition
- a composition comprising, as components: a) a base or any of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts where the free base has the formula (I)
- R1 is selected from the list consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy and hydroxy, and R is an alkyl radical of one or two carbon atoms, and
- R1 is chlorine, and R is an alkyl of a carbon atom.
- the free base is (f? S) -2- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexane-1-one, also called ketamine.
- ketamine of the name IUPAC ⁇ RS) -2- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexan-1-one, CAS number 6740-88-1, and formula (II ):
- the ⁇ -aminobutyric acid analog is selected from the list comprising pregabalin, gabapentin, vigabatrin, or any combination thereof.
- the ⁇ -aminobutyric acid analog is pregabalin or (S) -3- (aminomethyl) -5-methylhexanoic acid, of formula (III): formula (III) or any of its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or analogs, or any combination thereof
- the composition is a pharmaceutical composition.
- the composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
- the composition further comprises another active ingredient.
- R1 is selected from the list consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy and hydroxy, and R is an alkyl radical of one or two carbon atoms, and
- R1 is chlorine, and R is an alkyl of a carbon atom.
- the free base is (f? S) -2- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexane-1-one, also called ketamine.
- the ⁇ -aminobutyric acid analog is selected from pregabalin, gabapentin, vigabatrin, or combinations thereof.
- the ⁇ -aminobutyric acid analog is pregabalin or (S) -3- (aminomethyl) -5-methylhexanoic acid.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical form, hereinafter pharmaceutical form of the invention, comprising the composition of the invention, any of components a) or b) of the combined preparation of the invention, or simultaneously, the components a) and b) of the invention,
- the pharmaceutical composition or any of components a) or b) of the combined preparation of the invention, or both is formulated as an intravenous solution or as an oral solution.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to an intravenous solution comprising ketamine in a concentration of 0.20 to 0.40 mg / kg of the patient, and more preferably, 0.25 to 0.35 mg / kg of the patient.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to an oral solution comprising ketamine in a concentration of 0.4 to 1.0 mg / kg of the patient, and more preferably, 0.5 to 1.0 mg / kg of the patient. More preferably, the oral solution is formulated with Ora-Sweet.
- another aspect of the invention relates to an oral solution, comprising simple and Ora-Sweet syrup, and where the ketamine is in a concentration between 8 and 12 mg / ml, and more preferably in a concentration of 10 mg / ml.
- ketamine 1 gr + 40 mi simple syrup with preservative + 60 mi Ora-Sweet final concentration of ketamine 10 mg / mi is used.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition or the combined preparation or the pharmaceutical form of the invention, in the preparation of a medicament, or alternatively, to the composition or preparation. combined or in the pharmaceutical form of the invention, for use as a medicament.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition or the combined preparation or the pharmaceutical form of the invention, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of pain, or alternatively, to the composition or the combined preparation or to the pharmaceutical form of the invention, for use in the treatment of pain.
- the pain is chronic.
- Chronic pain is pain that lasts more than six months. It can be classified as non-malignant and malignant pain.
- Neuropathic It is usually secondary to acute injury; Its most important characteristics are the location in the territory of one or more nerves, the sensation of burning or itching and is usually accompanied by non-painful paresthesias, hyperalgesia and allodynia.
- Vascular Related to an alteration of blood flow due to obstructive pathology or spastic vessel.
- Pain caused by the tumor It is due to infiltration or compression on certain structures (bones, plexuses, roots, peripheral nerves, viscera).
- Pain caused as a result of therapy (post-surgery, post-chemotherapy, post-therapy).
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition or the combined preparation or the pharmaceutical form of the invention, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of fibromyalgia, or alternatively, to the composition or to the combined preparation or the pharmaceutical form of the invention, for use in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
- active substance means any component that potentially provides a pharmacological activity or other different effect on the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of a disease, or that affects the structure or function of the body of man or other animals.
- the term includes those components that promote a chemical change in the preparation of the drug and are present therein in a modified form intended to provide the specific activity or effect.
- the term “combined preparation” or also called “juxtaposition”, herein, means that the components of the combined preparation need not be present as a joint, for example in a true composition, in order to be available for combined application. , separate or sequential.
- the expression “juxtaposed” implies that it is not necessarily a true combination, in view of the physical separation of the components.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the combined preparation of pregabalin and ketamine of the invention for use separately, simultaneously or sequentially as a medicine, or for the separate, simultaneous or sequential use of the combined preparation of the invention, which comprises pregabalin. and ketamine, in the preparation of a medicine.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to the combined preparation of the invention, which comprises pregabalin and ketamine, for separate, simultaneous or sequential use in the treatment of fibromyalgia, or alternatively, for the separate, simultaneous or sequential use of the Combined preparation of the invention for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of fibromyalgia.
- Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of pain treatment characterized by the administration to a subject suffering from said pathology of a therapeutically effective amount of the composition or of the combined preparation or of the pharmaceutical form, as described throughout of the present invention.
- the pain is chronic.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of treating fibromyalgia characterized by the administration to a subject suffering from said pathology of a therapeutically effective amount, of the composition or of the combined preparation or of the pharmaceutical form, as described. in the present invention.
- these are characterized in that the combined composition or preparation or the pharmaceutical form can be administered to the subject suffering from said pathologies, by any of the following routes: intraperitoneal, intravenous , intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracecal, intraventricular, oral, enteral, parenteral, intranasal or dermal.
- the routes of administration are preferably the intravenous route and the oral route.
- compositions of the present invention can be formulated for administration to an animal, and more preferably to a mammal, including the man, in a variety of ways known in the state of the art.
- they can be, without limitation, in sterile aqueous solution or in biological fluids, such as serum.
- Aqueous solutions may be buffered or unbuffered and have additional active or inactive components. Additional components include salts to modulate ionic strength, preservatives including, but not limited to, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, chelators, and the like, and nutrients including glucose, dextrose, vitamins and minerals.
- the compositions can be prepared for administration in solid form.
- compositions may be combined with various inert vehicles or excipients, including but not limited to; binders such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth, or gelatin; excipients such as starch or lactose; dispersing agents such as alginic acid or corn starch; lubricants such as magnesium stearate, glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide; sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin; or flavoring agents such as peppermint or methyl salicylate.
- binders such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth, or gelatin
- excipients such as starch or lactose
- dispersing agents such as alginic acid or corn starch
- lubricants such as magnesium stearate, glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide
- sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin
- flavoring agents such as peppermint or methyl salicylate.
- compositions or preparations and / or their formulations can be administered to an animal, including a mammal and, therefore, to man, in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracecal, intraventricular, oral, enteral, parenteral, intranasal or dermal.
- the dosage to obtain a therapeutically effective amount depends on a variety of factors, such as the age, weight, sex, tolerance, ... of the mammal.
- the term "therapeutically effective amount” refers to the amount that comprises pregabalin and ketamine, prodrugs, derivatives or analogs of pregabalin and ketamine that produce the desired effect and, in general, will be determined , among other causes, due to the characteristics of said prodrugs, derivatives or analogues and the therapeutic effect to be achieved.
- the "adjuvants” and “pharmaceutically acceptable carriers” that can be used in said compositions are the vehicles known to those skilled in the art.
- the demographic variables of age, sex, specific medication for this disorder and the associated comorbidity were collected. Pain was assessed by VAS and decreased drug use after completing the technique, and later at
- Sleep was assessed using the MOS-Sleep scale, which includes a questionnaire with 12 items on sleep quality. In the different interviews, the quality of sleep was evaluated with a scale with 1 1 points, ranging from 0 (best possible dream) to 1 1 (worst possible dream). Mood is estimated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale consisting of 14 items to assess the presence and severity of anxiety and depression. The occurrence of various adverse effects were collected. Regarding pain and sleep quality, a good response to treatment was considered a decrease in baseline values greater than 50%, a partial response to a reduction between 30-50%, and the other cases were considered as non-responders. An interview of the degree of satisfaction was carried out at the end of the treatment (Very satisfied, moderately satisfied and not satisfied).
- the primary objective of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of ketamine hydrochloride in fibromyalgia cases resistant to conventional treatment.
- the secondary objectives were to know the possible prognostic factors for the success of this treatment.
- the indications of discretion and respect for the privacy of the patients were taken into account according to the Regulations of the Ethics Commission of the hospital.
- Formal approval was obtained by the Ethics Commission of the hospital and the organic law for the protection of medical data was verified.
- a descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed with the Student's t tests (quantitative variables) or ⁇ 2 (qualitative variables).
- the ANOVA test with the Bonferroni or Scheffe correction was used if the sample sizes of the different strata were different for multiple comparisons. P values ⁇ 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
- the data were processed using the Stata relay 7 program (Stata Corp., Collage Station, USA). Results
- a total of 148 patients are included in the study, excluding thirteen patients for not completing the different questionnaires. In total, 768 sessions of ketamine were performed. The average age of the cohort was 57, 15 ⁇ 6.24 years, with a clear female predominance (98%). The average time from the diagnosis of FBM to the beginning of the treatment was 4.2 ⁇ 4 years, without finding statistically significant differences between the success of the treatment and the time elapsed since the diagnosis by the Rheumatology Service. (p 0.46). Due to the design of the work, the patients presented a high level of pain, with a mean baseline VAS of 7.56 ⁇ 1, 05. The baseline MOS-Sleep index was 6.31 ⁇ 1.45.
- the mean time of onset of improvement reported by the patients was 7.87 ⁇ 2.45 days (range 1-18 days) from the first session in the unit.
- the main adverse effect occurred were confusional states and mild dizziness in a third of the sample, in a smaller proportion they are described in a 13% increase in blood pressure, and a case of moderate deterioration of renal function.
- the treatment for sinus tachyarrhythmia had to be discontinued, an episode that resolved after cessation of ketamine infusion.
- the degree of satisfaction to the protocol with low doses of ketamine was 91, 45% as very satisfied.
- Treatment with pregabalin with low doses of ketamine produces an improvement in the response to pain reduction reflected in the multiple regression analysis (ASR 6.71, 95% CI 2.92-22.98; p 0.01) , and it is dose dependent.
- Ligand alpha 2d drugs Pregabalin treatment.
- Tricyclic Drugs Treatment with amitriptyline, doxepin, nortriptyline, maprotiline.
- Dual IRSN Treatment with venlafaxine, duloxetine, minalcipran.
- Opioids Treatment with Tramadol or fentanyl.
- Baseline VAS Basal pain measured by the analog visual scale.
- WHO treatment Pharmacological treatment according to the analgesic ladder of the World Health Organization. Preparation of the liquid pharmaceutical form.
- ketamine 1 gr + 40 mi simple syrup with preservative + 60 mi Ora-Sweet final concentration of ketamine 10 mg / mi is used.
- a syrup is an aqueous preparation for oral use characterized by a sweet taste and viscous consistency. It may contain sucrose at a concentration of at least 45% m / m. Its sweet taste can also be obtained using other polyols or sweetening agents. Syrups normally contain other flavoring or flavoring agents.
- Each dose of a multidose container is administered by means of an appropriate device that allows to measure the prescribed volume.
- Vehicle for oral syrups free of glucose and alcohol, especially suitable for pediatric and geriatric preparations.
- a small amount of sodium saccharin gives it sweetness.
- Xanthan gum, glycerin and sorbitol contribute to both texture and good flow characteristics.
- -Other ingredients present in amounts less than 1% and considered and generally recognized as safe for oral consumption (sodium saccharin, xanthan gum and aroma. It is buffered with citric acid and sodium citrate. It also has methylparaben (0.03%), propylparaben ( 0.008%), and potassium sorbate (0.1%)).
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Abstract
Description
COMPOSICIONES Y PREPARACIONES COMBINADAS PARA EL TRATAMIENTO COMPOSITIONS AND PREPARATIONS COMBINED FOR TREATMENT
DE LA FIBROMIALGIA. OF FIBROMIALGIA.
La presente invención se encuentra dentro del campo de la Medicina y la Farmacia, y se refiere a una composición y/o una preparación combinada que comprende análogos del ácido γ-aminobutírico y arilcicloalquilaminas, estructuralmente relacionadas con las ciclidinas, como la eticiclidina, fenciclidina, roliciclidina and tenociclidina, para el tratamiento del dolor crónico. Particularmente, se refiere a las composiciones que comprenden pregabalina y ketamina, y a las preparaciones combinadas de pregabalina y ketamina, para el tratamiento del dolor, y particularmente, para el tratamiento de la fibriomialgia. The present invention is within the field of Medicine and Pharmacy, and refers to a composition and / or a combined preparation comprising analogs of γ-aminobutyric acid and arylcycloalkylamines, structurally related to cyclidines, such as ethiciclidine, phencyclidine, roliciclidine and tenociclidine, for the treatment of chronic pain. Particularly, it refers to the compositions comprising pregabalin and ketamine, and to the combined preparations of pregabalin and ketamine, for the treatment of pain, and particularly, for the treatment of fibriomyalgia.
ESTADO DE LA TÉCNICA ANTERIOR La gestión del dolor, y en particular del dolor crónico, es com plejo y frecuentemente, no tiene el éxito deseado. La primera línea de tratamiento, frecuentemente incluye la administración de agonistas μ-opioides, como por ejemplo, narcóticos como la morfina (Anderson and Brill, 1992, Semin. Anesth. 11 :158-171). Sin embargo, frecuentemente se desarrolla una rápida tolerancia y resistencia a los narcóticos, lo que hace a esto agentes inefectivos (Abram, 1993, Reg. Anesth. 18(SUPPL):406-413). Antagonistas no competitivos de los receptores N-metil-D- aspartato (NMDA), incluyendo la ketamina, interfieren con el desarrollo a la tolerancia a los efectos analgésicos de la morfina, posiblemente a través del bloqueo de los receptores NMDA. STATE OF THE PREVIOUS TECHNIQUE Pain management, and in particular chronic pain, is complex and often does not have the desired success. The first line of treatment often includes the administration of μ-opioid agonists, such as narcotics such as morphine (Anderson and Brill, 1992, Semin. Anesth. 11: 158-171). However, rapid tolerance and resistance to narcotics frequently develops, which makes this ineffective agents (Abram, 1993, Reg. Anesth. 18 (SUPPL): 406-413). Non-competitive antagonists of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors, including ketamine, interfere with the development of tolerance to morphine's analgesic effects, possibly through blocking of NMDA receptors.
A menudo, la gestión del dolor involucra la administración de una plétora de drogas, tales como narcóticos (agonistas y antagonistas opiáceos), butorfanoles, benzodiacepinas, estimuladores de GABA, barbitúricos, o análogos de barbitúricos. La fibromialgia (FM) es un síndrome de dolor para el que no existe tratamiento farmacológico fiable. Sigue siendo considerado generalmente como una condición de dolor refractario con una baja tasa de respuesta a la terapia convencional farmacológica. Los estudios clínicos recientes sugieren que el N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDA) podría desempeñar un papel en la patogénesis de este trastorno. El receptor NMDA se construye de diferentes subunidades (RN1 , NR2A-D y NR3A-C), que se pueden combinar de diferentes maneras (NR1 en combinación con 2A-D o 3A-C). Las combinaciones de diferentes subtipos se sabe que tienen distintas características biofísicas y farmacológicas, que pueden influir en la unión de antagonistas de los receptores NMDA (Paoletti & Neyton, 2007. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7:39-47). Antagonistas del receptor NMDA, se mostró a reducir el dolor en la FM (Graven- Nielsen et al., 2000. Pain 85:483^191). Often, pain management involves the administration of a plethora of drugs, such as narcotics (opioid agonists and antagonists), butorphanols, benzodiazepines, GABA stimulants, barbiturates, or barbiturate analogues. Fibromyalgia (FM) is a pain syndrome for which there is no reliable pharmacological treatment. It is still generally considered as a refractory pain condition with a low response rate to conventional drug therapy. Recent clinical studies suggest that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) could play a role in the pathogenesis of this disorder. The NMDA receptor is constructed of different subunits (RN1, NR2A-D and NR3A-C), which are they can combine in different ways (NR1 in combination with 2A-D or 3A-C). Combinations of different subtypes are known to have different biophysical and pharmacological characteristics, which can influence the binding of NMDA receptor antagonists (Paoletti & Neyton, 2007. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7: 39-47). NMDA receptor antagonists were shown to reduce pain in FM (Graven-Nielsen et al., 2000. Pain 85: 483 ^ 191).
La fibromialgia puede ser difícil de tratar y se suele tener mejores resultados si el tratamiento es manejado por médicos de varias disciplinas familiarizados con esta co nd i ci ón y s u tratam i e nto , u n a a proxi m aci ó n d en o m i n ada trata m i ento multidisciplinario. Fibromyalgia can be difficult to treat and there are usually better results if the treatment is managed by physicians from various disciplines familiar with this co nd i tion and treatment, or a multidisciplinary approach.
Los medicamentos antiinflamatorios que se utilizan para tratar muchas afecciones reumáticas no son útiles para las personas con fibromialgia, ya que una característica de la misma es que no existen patologías en los músculos pese a sentir dolor el paciente. Sin embargo, se ha reportado que dosis moderadas de fármacos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) o de analgésicos pueden aliviar parte del dolor aunque no se ha evaluado la extensión del efecto placebo en estos casos, probablemente importante al tratarse de pacientes con una larga trayectoria de contactos con el sistema de salud. The anti-inflammatory medications that are used to treat many rheumatic conditions are not useful for people with fibromyalgia, since one characteristic of it is that there are no pathologies in the muscles despite the patient's feeling pain. However, it has been reported that moderate doses of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or analgesics can relieve some of the pain although the extent of the placebo effect in these cases has not been evaluated, probably important when dealing with patients with a long history of contacts with the health system.
La mayoría de los médicos rechaza recetar calmantes de tipo narcótico ni tranquilizantes, excepto en los casos más severos de fibromialgia. En dosis más bajas que las recetadas para tratar la depresión profunda, los antidepresivos parecen aliviar el dolor en las personas con fibromialgia y aumentar, de esta manera, las posibilidades de lograr una noche de descanso. Aunque muchas personas duermen mejor y se sienten más cómodas al tomar antidepresivos, la mejoría observada varía ampliamente de una persona a otra (lo cual plantea de nuevo la posibilidad de que el efecto placebo esté desempeñando un papel importante). Estos medicamentos pueden tener efectos secundarios tales como somnolencia diurna, estreñimiento, sequedad de la boca y aumento del apetito lo que, a su vez, puede generar trastornos nutricionales. Most doctors refuse to prescribe narcotic pain relievers or tranquilizers, except in the most severe cases of fibromyalgia. At lower doses than those prescribed to treat deep depression, antidepressants seem to relieve pain in people with fibromyalgia and thus increase the chances of achieving a restful night. Although many people sleep better and feel more comfortable taking antidepressants, the observed improvement varies widely from one person to another (which again raises the possibility that the placebo effect is playing an important role). These medications can have side effects such as daytime sleepiness, constipation, dry mouth and increased appetite which, in turn, can cause nutritional disorders.
Recientemente se han realizado estudios para la utilización con éxito de anticonvulsivos o antiepilépticos; la pregabalina (Lyrica)® y la gabapentina (Neurotin)® se emplean con éxito en el tratamiento del dolor agudo en enfermedades neurológicas como el síndrome de Guillain-Barré, las polineuropatías periféricas y la esclerosis múltiple, así como la fibromialgia. Recientemente se ha publicado una revisión de la Cochrane que concluye que la Gabapentina reduce el dolor en un tercio de los pacientes con dolor neuropático. Estos medicamentos no provocan efectos secundarios adversos sobre el sistema digestivo (estómago, intestino e hígado). Su principal efecto secundario es el aumento de peso, que a su vez favorece una mayor fatiga y dolores en ciertos puntos como rodillas, tobillos, espalda, etc. Sin embargo, existen opiniones controvertidas sobre la utilidad de los análogos del ácido γ-aminobutírico. Así, una revisión Cochrane sobre el uso gabapentina en dolor neuropático crónico (Wiffen et al., 2010. Cochrane Datábase Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20;(1):CD001 133), concluía que no hay evidencia de que los anticonvulsivantes sean efectivos para el dolor agudo, y que en los síndromes de dolor crónico que no sea la neuralgia del trigémino, el uso de anticonvulsivantes debe aplazarse hasta que otras intervenciones hayan sido revisadas, y que las pruebas sugieren que su efecto no es superior a la carbamazepina. Sin embargo, recientemente (Moore et al., 2011. Cochrane Datábase Syst Rev. 201 1 Mar 16;3:CD007938), concluye que la gabapentina alivia el dolor en cerca de un tercio de las personas con dolor neuropático. Los efectos adversos son frecuentes, pero en su mayoría son tolerables. Recently studies have been conducted for the successful use of anticonvulsants or antiepileptic drugs; Pregabalin (Lyrica) ® and Gabapentin (Neurotin) ® they are used successfully in the treatment of acute pain in neurological diseases such as Guillain-Barré syndrome, peripheral polyneuropathies and multiple sclerosis, as well as fibromyalgia. A Cochrane review has recently been published that concludes that Gabapentin reduces pain in a third of patients with neuropathic pain. These medications do not cause adverse side effects on the digestive system (stomach, intestine and liver). Its main side effect is weight gain, which in turn favors greater fatigue and pain at certain points such as knees, ankles, back, etc. However, there are controversial opinions about the usefulness of γ-aminobutyric acid analogs. Thus, a Cochrane review on the use of gabapentin in chronic neuropathic pain (Wiffen et al., 2010. Cochrane Datábase Syst Rev. 2010 Jan 20; (1): CD001 133), concluded that there is no evidence that anticonvulsants are effective for Acute pain, and that in chronic pain syndromes other than trigeminal neuralgia, the use of anticonvulsants should be postponed until other interventions have been reviewed, and that the evidence suggests that their effect is not superior to carbamazepine. However, recently (Moore et al., 2011. Cochrane Datábase Syst Rev. 201 1 Mar 16; 3: CD007938), concludes that gabapentin relieves pain in about one third of people with neuropathic pain. Adverse effects are frequent, but are mostly tolerable.
La ketamina o (f?S)-2-(2-clorofenil)-2-(metilamino)ciclohexan-1-ona, es un anestésico disociativo y su principal mecanismo de acción se considera que es a través del antagonismo de los receptores NMDA. Tiene propiedades analgésicas (Domino et al., 1965, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 6:279). La analgesia puede conseguirse mediante dosis subanestésicas de ketamina (Bovill, 1971 , Br. J. Anaesth. 43:496; Sadove et al., 1971 , Anesth. Analg. 50:452-457). Durante muchos años se ha utilizado en el tratamiento del dolor crónico, pero no se encuentra completamente insertada en el tratamiento del dolor, tal vez debido a sus cualidades adictivas y su potencial psicomimético y la falta de ensayos clínicos controlados. Desde una perspectiva de dolor, el papel principal de la ketamina en dosis bajas es como un agente anti- hiperalgesia, alodinia o anti-protección de la tolerancia. Varios grupos han informado de los efectos prolongados de analgésicos en el dolor después de la administración de ketamina por vía oral, nasal, tópica o intravenosa y la dosis única versus la administración de varios días o más días continuos. La ketamina se sabe que se unen también los subtipos NMDA 2A a 2D y por lo tanto puede tener un efecto más favorable en una enfermedad tan heterogénea como el dolor neuropático, en comparación con los antagonistas del receptor NMDA, con más selectividad discriminatoria subtipo NMDA, y su hijo en nuestro estudio, 52,94% de los casos fueron clasificados como respondedores a la ketamina intravenosa. Además, la ketamina es una gran afinidad antagonista del receptor NMDA, lo que a largo plazo de bloqueo de los receptores y la fuerte inhibición de la hiperexcitabilidad neuronal que ocurre en el dolor neuropático. Una desventaja de este indiscriminado y propiedad de enlace fuerte, sin embargo, es la proporción más alta de efectos secundarios debido a la unión de los antagonistas de las estructuras neuronales que no participan en el dolor. Ketamine or (f? S) -2- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexan-1-one, is a dissociative anesthetic and its main mechanism of action is considered to be through antagonism of NMDA receptors . It has analgesic properties (Domino et al., 1965, Clin. Pharmacol. Ther. 6: 279). Analgesia can be achieved by subanesthetic doses of ketamine (Bovill, 1971, Br. J. Anaesth. 43: 496; Sadove et al., 1971, Anesth. Analg. 50: 452-457). For many years it has been used in the treatment of chronic pain, but it is not completely inserted in the treatment of pain, perhaps due to its addictive qualities and its psychomimetic potential and the lack of controlled clinical trials. From a pain perspective, the main role of ketamine in low doses is as an anti- hyperalgesia, allodynia or anti-tolerance protection agent. Several groups have reported the prolonged effects of pain relievers after oral, nasal, topical or intravenous administration of ketamine and the single dose versus administration of several days or more continuous days. Ketamine is known to also bind NMDA 2A subtypes to 2D and therefore can have a more favorable effect on a disease as heterogeneous as neuropathic pain, compared to NMDA receptor antagonists, with more discriminatory selectivity NMDA subtype, and his son in our study, 52.94% of the cases were classified as responders to intravenous ketamine. In addition, ketamine is a great antagonistic affinity of the NMDA receptor, which in the long term blockade of the receptors and the strong inhibition of neuronal hyperexcitability that occurs in neuropathic pain. A disadvantage of this indiscriminate and strong binding property, however, is the higher proportion of side effects due to the binding of antagonists of neuronal structures that do not participate in pain.
Sin embargo, hasta el momento no se ha descrito un tratamiento efectivo para la fibromialgia, y los fármacos actualmente empleados presentan efectos secundarios, fundamentalmente a nivel gástrico, cuando se administran de forma oral, o el daño que produce la inyección, cuando se trata de una administración intravenosa. However, an effective treatment for fibromyalgia has not been described so far, and the drugs currently used have side effects, mainly at the gastric level, when administered orally, or the damage caused by the injection, when it comes to an intravenous administration
DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN COMPOSICIONES DE LA INVENCIÓN DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION COMPOSITIONS OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención proporciona una composición y una terapia combinada de ketamina y pregabalina, que disminuye los efectos secundarios asociados a otros cócteles de fármacos empleados en el tratamiento del dolor, y que es útil en el tratamiento de la fibromialgia. The present invention provides a composition and a combination therapy of ketamine and pregabalin, which decreases the side effects associated with other cocktails of drugs used in the treatment of pain, and which is useful in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
Por tanto, un primer aspecto de la invención se refiere a una composición que comprende, como componentes: a) una base o una cualquiera de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables donde la base libre tiene la fórmula (I) Therefore, a first aspect of the invention relates to a composition comprising, as components: a) a base or any of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts where the free base has the formula (I)
Donde R1 se selecciona de la lista que consiste en hidrógeno, cloro, bromo, metil, metoxi e hidroxi, y R es un radical alquilo de uno o dos átomo de carbono, y Where R1 is selected from the list consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy and hydroxy, and R is an alkyl radical of one or two carbon atoms, and
b) un análogo del ácido γ-aminobutírico. b) an analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid.
En una realización preferida de este aspecto de la invención, R1 es cloro, y R es un alquilo de un átomo de carbono. En otra una realización preferida de este aspecto de la invención, la base libre es (f?S)-2-(2-clorofenil)-2-(metilamino)ciclohexan- 1-ona, también llamada ketamina. In a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention, R1 is chlorine, and R is an alkyl of a carbon atom. In another preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the free base is (f? S) -2- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexane-1-one, also called ketamine.
Tal y como se entiende en esta memoria, la ketamina, de nombre IUPAC {RS)- 2-(2-clorofenil)-2-(metilamino)ciclohexan-1-ona, número CAS 6740-88-1 , y fórmula (II): As understood herein, the ketamine, of the name IUPAC {RS) -2- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexan-1-one, CAS number 6740-88-1, and formula (II ):
fórmula (II) o cualquiera de sus sales, profármacos, derivados o análogos, o cualquiera de sus combinaciones formula (II) or any of its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or analogs, or any combination thereof
En otra realización preferida, el análogo del ácido γ-aminobutírico se selecciona de la lista que comprende pregabalina, gabapentina, vigabatrina, o cualquiera de sus combinaciones. En una realización particular, el análogo del ácido γ-aminobutírico es la pregabalina o ácido (S)-3- (aminometil)-5-metilhexanoico, de fórmula (III): fórmula (III) o cualquiera de sus sales, profármacos, derivados o análogos, o cualquiera de sus combinaciones In another preferred embodiment, the γ-aminobutyric acid analog is selected from the list comprising pregabalin, gabapentin, vigabatrin, or any combination thereof. In a particular embodiment, the γ-aminobutyric acid analog is pregabalin or (S) -3- (aminomethyl) -5-methylhexanoic acid, of formula (III): formula (III) or any of its salts, prodrugs, derivatives or analogs, or any combination thereof
En una realización preferida de este aspecto, la composición es una composición farmacéutica. En otra realización más preferida, la composición comprende un vehículo farmacéuticamente aceptable. En otra realización preferida, la composición además comprende otro principio activo. In a preferred embodiment of this aspect, the composition is a pharmaceutical composition. In another more preferred embodiment, the composition comprises a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In another preferred embodiment, the composition further comprises another active ingredient.
PREPARACIÓN COMBINADA DE LA INVENCIÓN Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a una preparación combinada que comprende: COMBINED PREPARATION OF THE INVENTION Another aspect of the invention relates to a combined preparation comprising:
a) una base libre o una cualquiera de sus sales farmacéuticamente aceptables, donde la base libre tiene la fórmula (I) a) a free base or any of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, where the free base has the formula (I)
donde R1 se selecciona de la lista que consiste en hidrógeno, cloro, bromo, metil, metoxi e hidroxi, y R es un radical alquilo de uno o dos átomos de carbono, y where R1 is selected from the list consisting of hydrogen, chlorine, bromine, methyl, methoxy and hydroxy, and R is an alkyl radical of one or two carbon atoms, and
b) un análogo del ácido γ-aminobutírico b) an analogue of γ-aminobutyric acid
En una realización preferida de este aspecto de la invención, R1 es cloro, y R es un alquilo de un átomo de carbono. En otra una realización preferida de este aspecto de la invención, la base libre es (f?S)-2-(2-clorofenil)-2-(metilamino)ciclohexan- 1-ona, también llamada ketamina. In a preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention, R1 is chlorine, and R is an alkyl of a carbon atom. In another one preferred embodiment of this aspect of the invention, the free base is (f? S) -2- (2-chlorophenyl) -2- (methylamino) cyclohexane-1-one, also called ketamine.
En otra realización preferida, el análogo del ácido γ-aminobutírico se selecciona de entre pregabalina, gabapentina, vigabatrina, o sus combinaciones. En una realización particular, el análogo del ácido γ-aminobutírico es la pregabalina o ácido (S)-3- (aminometil)-5-metilhexanoico. In another preferred embodiment, the γ-aminobutyric acid analog is selected from pregabalin, gabapentin, vigabatrin, or combinations thereof. In a particular embodiment, the γ-aminobutyric acid analog is pregabalin or (S) -3- (aminomethyl) -5-methylhexanoic acid.
FORMA FARMACÉUTICA DE LA INVENCIÓN PHARMACEUTICAL FORM OF THE INVENTION
Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a una forma farmacéutica, de ahora en adelante forma farmacéutica de la invención, que comprende la composición de la invención, cualquiera de los componentes a) o b) de la preparación combinada de la invención, o simultáneamente, los componentes a) y b) de la invención, Another aspect of the invention relates to a pharmaceutical form, hereinafter pharmaceutical form of the invention, comprising the composition of the invention, any of components a) or b) of the combined preparation of the invention, or simultaneously, the components a) and b) of the invention,
En otra realización preferida de la invención, la composición farmacéutica o cualquiera de los componentes a) o b) de la preparación combinada de la invención, o ambos, se formula como una solución intravenosa o como una solución oral. Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a una solución intravenosa que comprende ketamina en una concentración de 0,20 a 0,40 mg/Kg del paciente, y más preferiblemente, de 0,25 a 0,35 mg/Kg del paciente. In another preferred embodiment of the invention, the pharmaceutical composition or any of components a) or b) of the combined preparation of the invention, or both, is formulated as an intravenous solution or as an oral solution. Another aspect of the invention relates to an intravenous solution comprising ketamine in a concentration of 0.20 to 0.40 mg / kg of the patient, and more preferably, 0.25 to 0.35 mg / kg of the patient.
Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a una solución oral que comprende ketamina en una concentración de 0,4 a 1 , 10 mg/Kg del paciente, y más preferiblemente, de 0, 5 a 1 ,0 mg/Kg del paciente. Más preferiblemente, la solución oral se formula con Ora-Sweet. Another aspect of the invention relates to an oral solution comprising ketamine in a concentration of 0.4 to 1.0 mg / kg of the patient, and more preferably, 0.5 to 1.0 mg / kg of the patient. More preferably, the oral solution is formulated with Ora-Sweet.
Se ha observado que la administración de ketamina como solución oral puede provocar trastornos gástricos. Sin embargo, la formulación con Ora-Sweet permite evitar estos problemas It has been observed that the administration of ketamine as an oral solution can cause gastric disorders. However, the formulation with Ora-Sweet allows to avoid these problems
Por tanto, otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a una solución oral, que comprende jarabe simple y Ora-Sweet, y donde la ketamina se encuentra en una concentración de entre 8 y 12 mg/ml, y más preferiblemente en una concentración de 10 mg/ml. Therefore, another aspect of the invention relates to an oral solution, comprising simple and Ora-Sweet syrup, and where the ketamine is in a concentration between 8 and 12 mg / ml, and more preferably in a concentration of 10 mg / ml.
Para ello se emplea ketamina 1 gr + 40 mi jarabe simple con conservante + 60 mi Ora-Sweet (concentración final de ketamina 10 mg/ mi). For this, ketamine 1 gr + 40 mi simple syrup with preservative + 60 mi Ora-Sweet (final concentration of ketamine 10 mg / mi) is used.
USOS DE LAS COMPOSICIONES. PREPARACIONES COMBINADAS Y FORMAS FARMACÉUTICAS DE LA INVENCIÓN Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere al uso de la composición o de la preparación combinada o de la forma farmacéutica de la invención, en la elaboración de un medicamento, o alternativamente, a la composición o a la preparación combinada o a la forma farmacéutica de la invención, para su uso como medicamento. Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere al uso de la composición o de la preparación combinada o de la forma farmacéutica de la invención, en la elaboración de un medicamento para el tratamiento del dolor, o alternativamente, a la composición o a la preparación combinada o a la forma farmacéutica de la invención, para su uso en el tratamiento del dolor. En una realización preferida, el dolor es crónico. USES OF COMPOSITIONS. COMBINED PREPARATIONS AND PHARMACEUTICAL FORMS OF THE INVENTION Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition or the combined preparation or the pharmaceutical form of the invention, in the preparation of a medicament, or alternatively, to the composition or preparation. combined or in the pharmaceutical form of the invention, for use as a medicament. Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition or the combined preparation or the pharmaceutical form of the invention, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of pain, or alternatively, to the composition or the combined preparation or to the pharmaceutical form of the invention, for use in the treatment of pain. In a preferred embodiment, the pain is chronic.
El dolor crónico es el dolor que dura más de seis meses. Puede clasificarse en dolor no maligno y maligno. Chronic pain is pain that lasts more than six months. It can be classified as non-malignant and malignant pain.
I- Dolor crónico no maligno I- Chronic non-malignant pain
Es aq uel q ue s ufre u na persona cuya patol og ía no co m prom ete la supervivencia a corto o medio plazo. Se puede clasificar en: It is here that you are a person whose pathology does not promise survival in the short or medium term. It can be classified into:
a) Reumatoideo. a) Rheumatoid.
b) Neuropático. Suele ser secundario a la lesión aguda; sus características más importantes son la localización en el territorio de uno o más nervios, la sensación de quemazón o picor y suele acompañarse de parestesias no dolorosas, hiperalgesia y alodinia. b) Neuropathic. It is usually secondary to acute injury; Its most important characteristics are the location in the territory of one or more nerves, the sensation of burning or itching and is usually accompanied by non-painful paresthesias, hyperalgesia and allodynia.
c) Vascular. Relacionado con una alteración del flujo sanguíneo por patología obstructiva o vaso espástica. c) Vascular. Related to an alteration of blood flow due to obstructive pathology or spastic vessel.
d) Traumatológico. Su origen es mecánico. e) Trastorno por dolor, una enfermedad psiquiátrica. d) Traumatological. Its origin is mechanical. e) Pain disorder, a psychiatric illness.
II- El dolor crónico maligno II- Chronic malignant pain
Es frecuente en tumores y metástasis óseas. Puede ser debido al proceso maligno, la terapia antineoplásica o a otras causas: It is common in tumors and bone metastases. It may be due to the malignant process, antineoplastic therapy or other causes:
a) Dolor causado por el tumor. Se debe a infiltración o compresión sobre determinadas estructuras (huesos, plexos, raíces, nervios periféricos, visceras). a) Pain caused by the tumor. It is due to infiltration or compression on certain structures (bones, plexuses, roots, peripheral nerves, viscera).
b) Dolor causado como resultado de la terapia (postcirugía, postquimioterapia, postradioterapia). b) Pain caused as a result of therapy (post-surgery, post-chemotherapy, post-therapy).
c) Dolor no relacionado con el cáncer. c) Pain not related to cancer.
Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere al uso de la composición o de la preparación combinada o de la forma farmacéutica de la invención, en la elaboración de un medicamento para el tratamiento de la fibromialgia, o alternativamente, a la composición o a la preparación combinada o a la forma farmacéutica de la invención, para su uso en el tratamiento de la fibromialgia. Another aspect of the invention relates to the use of the composition or the combined preparation or the pharmaceutical form of the invention, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of fibromyalgia, or alternatively, to the composition or to the combined preparation or the pharmaceutical form of the invention, for use in the treatment of fibromyalgia.
Como se emplea aquí, el término "principio activo", "substancia activa", "substancia farmacéuticamente activa", "ingrediente activo" ó "ingrediente farmacéuticamente activo" significa cualquier componente que potencialmente proporcione una actividad farmacológica u otro efecto diferente en el diagnóstico, cura, mitigación, tratamiento, o prevención de una enfermedad, o que afecta a la estructura o función del cuerpo del hombre u otros animales. El término incluye aquellos componentes que promueven un cambio químico en la elaboración del fármaco y están presentes en el mismo de una forma modificada prevista que proporciona la actividad específica o el efecto. As used herein, the term "active substance", "active substance", "pharmaceutically active substance", "active ingredient" or "pharmaceutically active ingredient" means any component that potentially provides a pharmacological activity or other different effect on the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of a disease, or that affects the structure or function of the body of man or other animals. The term includes those components that promote a chemical change in the preparation of the drug and are present therein in a modified form intended to provide the specific activity or effect.
Debe enfatizarse que el término "preparación combinada" o también denominada "yuxtaposición", en esta memoria, significa que los componentes de la preparación combinada no necesitan encontrarse presentes como unión, por ejemplo en una composición verdadera, para poder encontrarse disponibles para su aplicación combinada, separada o secuencial. De esta manera, la expresión "yuxtapuesta" implica que no resulta necesariamente una combinación verdadera, a la vista de la separación física de los componentes. Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a la preparación combinada de pregabalina y ketamina de la invención para su uso por separado, simultáneo o secuencial como medicamento, o al uso por separado, simultáneo o secuencial de la preparación combinada de la invención, que comprende pregabalina y ketamina, en la elaboración de un medicamento. It should be emphasized that the term "combined preparation" or also called "juxtaposition", herein, means that the components of the combined preparation need not be present as a joint, for example in a true composition, in order to be available for combined application. , separate or sequential. In this way, the expression "juxtaposed" implies that it is not necessarily a true combination, in view of the physical separation of the components. Another aspect of the invention relates to the combined preparation of pregabalin and ketamine of the invention for use separately, simultaneously or sequentially as a medicine, or for the separate, simultaneous or sequential use of the combined preparation of the invention, which comprises pregabalin. and ketamine, in the preparation of a medicine.
Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a la preparación combinada de la invención, que comprende pregabalina y ketamina, para su uso por separado, simultáneo o secuencial en el tratamiento de la fibromialgia, o alternativamente, al uso por separado, simultáneo o secuencial de la preparación combinada de la invención para la elaboración de un medicamento para el tratamiento de la fibromialgia. Another aspect of the invention relates to the combined preparation of the invention, which comprises pregabalin and ketamine, for separate, simultaneous or sequential use in the treatment of fibromyalgia, or alternatively, for the separate, simultaneous or sequential use of the Combined preparation of the invention for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of fibromyalgia.
Otro aspecto de la invención se refiere a un método de tratamiento del dolor caracterizado por la administración a un sujeto que padezca dicha patología de una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva de la composición o de la preparación combinada o de la forma farmacéutica, según se describe a lo largo de la presente invención. En una realización preferida el dolor es crónico. Another aspect of the invention relates to a method of pain treatment characterized by the administration to a subject suffering from said pathology of a therapeutically effective amount of the composition or of the combined preparation or of the pharmaceutical form, as described throughout of the present invention. In a preferred embodiment the pain is chronic.
Otro aspecto de la presente invención se refiere a un método de tratamiento de la fibromialgia caracterizado por la administración a un sujeto que padezca dicha patología de una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva, de la composición o de la preparación combinada o de la forma farmacéutica, según se describe en la presente invención. En una realización preferida de los métodos de tratamiento del dolor y de la fibromialgia, éstos se caracterizan por que la composición o la preparación combinada o la forma farmacéutica pueden administrarse al sujeto que padece dichas patologías, mediante cualquiera de las siguientes vías: intraperitoneal, intravenosa, intramuscular, subcutánea, intracecal, intraventricular, oral, enteral, parenteral, intranasal o dérmica. En una realización preferida, las vías de administración son, preferentemente, la vía intravenosa y la vía oral. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of treating fibromyalgia characterized by the administration to a subject suffering from said pathology of a therapeutically effective amount, of the composition or of the combined preparation or of the pharmaceutical form, as described. in the present invention. In a preferred embodiment of the methods of treatment of pain and fibromyalgia, these are characterized in that the combined composition or preparation or the pharmaceutical form can be administered to the subject suffering from said pathologies, by any of the following routes: intraperitoneal, intravenous , intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracecal, intraventricular, oral, enteral, parenteral, intranasal or dermal. In a preferred embodiment, the routes of administration are preferably the intravenous route and the oral route.
Tanto las composiciones de la presente invención, así como la preparación combinada o las formas farmacéuticas de la invención, pueden formularse para su administración a un animal, y más preferiblemente a un mamífero, incluyendo al hombre, en una variedad de formas conocidas en el estado de la técnica. Así, pueden estar, sin limitarse, en disolución acuosa estéril o en fluidos biológicos, tal como suero. Las disoluciones acuosas pueden estar tamponadas o no tamponadas y tienen componentes activos o inactivos adicionales. Los componentes adicionales incluyen sales para modular la fuerza iónica, conservantes incluyendo, pero sin limitarse a, agentes antimicrobianos, antioxidantes, quelantes, y similares, y nutrientes incluyendo glucosa, dextrosa, vitaminas y minerales. Alternativamente, las composiciones pueden prepararse para su administración en forma sólida. Las composiciones pueden combinarse con varios vehículos o excipientes inertes, incluyendo pero sin limitarse a; aglutinantes tales como celulosa microcristalina, goma tragacanto, o gelatina; excipientes tales como almidón o lactosa; agentes dispersantes tales como ácido algínico o almidón de maíz; lubricantes tales como estearato de magnesio, deslizantes tales como dióxido de silicio coloidal; agentes edulcorantes tales como sacarosa o sacarina; o agentes aromatizantes tales como menta o salicilato de metilo. Both the compositions of the present invention, as well as the combined preparation or pharmaceutical forms of the invention, can be formulated for administration to an animal, and more preferably to a mammal, including the man, in a variety of ways known in the state of the art. Thus, they can be, without limitation, in sterile aqueous solution or in biological fluids, such as serum. Aqueous solutions may be buffered or unbuffered and have additional active or inactive components. Additional components include salts to modulate ionic strength, preservatives including, but not limited to, antimicrobial agents, antioxidants, chelators, and the like, and nutrients including glucose, dextrose, vitamins and minerals. Alternatively, the compositions can be prepared for administration in solid form. The compositions may be combined with various inert vehicles or excipients, including but not limited to; binders such as microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth, or gelatin; excipients such as starch or lactose; dispersing agents such as alginic acid or corn starch; lubricants such as magnesium stearate, glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide; sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin; or flavoring agents such as peppermint or methyl salicylate.
Tales composiciones o preparaciones combinadas y/o sus formulaciones pueden administrarse a un animal, incluyendo un mamífero y, por tanto, al hombre, en una variedad de formas, incluyendo, pero sin limitarse a, intraperitoneal, intravenoso, intramuscular, subcutáneo, intracecal, intraventricular, oral, enteral, parenteral, intranasal o dérmico. Such combined compositions or preparations and / or their formulations can be administered to an animal, including a mammal and, therefore, to man, in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to, intraperitoneal, intravenous, intramuscular, subcutaneous, intracecal, intraventricular, oral, enteral, parenteral, intranasal or dermal.
La dosificación para obtener una cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva depende de una variedad de factores, como por ejemplo, la edad, peso, sexo, tolerancia,... del mamífero. En el sentido utilizado en esta descripción, la expresión "cantidad terapéuticamente efectiva" se refiere a la cantidad de que comprende pregabalina y ketamina, profármacos, derivados o análogos de la pregabalina y la ketamina que produzcan el efecto deseado y, en general, vendrá determinada, entre otras causas, por las características propias de dichos profármacos, derivados o análogos y el efecto terapéutico a conseguir. Los "adyuvantes" y "vehículos farmacéuticamente aceptables" que pueden ser utilizados en dichas composiciones son los vehículos conocidos por los técnicos en la materia. The dosage to obtain a therapeutically effective amount depends on a variety of factors, such as the age, weight, sex, tolerance, ... of the mammal. In the sense used in this description, the term "therapeutically effective amount" refers to the amount that comprises pregabalin and ketamine, prodrugs, derivatives or analogs of pregabalin and ketamine that produce the desired effect and, in general, will be determined , among other causes, due to the characteristics of said prodrugs, derivatives or analogues and the therapeutic effect to be achieved. The "adjuvants" and "pharmaceutically acceptable carriers" that can be used in said compositions are the vehicles known to those skilled in the art.
A lo largo de la descripción y las reivindicaciones la palabra "comprende" y sus variantes no pretenden excluir otras características técnicas, aditivos, componentes o pasos. Para los expertos en la materia, otros objetos, ventajas y características de la invención se desprenderán en parte de la descripción y en parte de la práctica de la invención. Los siguientes ejemplos y dibujos se proporcionan a modo de ilustración, y no se pretende que sean limitativos de la presente invención. EJEMPLOS Throughout the description and the claims the word "comprises" and its variants are not intended to exclude other technical characteristics, additives, components or steps. For experts in the field, other objects, advantages and characteristics of the The invention will be derived partly from the description and partly from the practice of the invention. The following examples and drawings are provided by way of illustration, and are not intended to be limiting of the present invention. EXAMPLES
A continuación se ilustrará la invención mediante unos ensayos realizados por los inventores. Estudio prospectivo The invention will now be illustrated by tests carried out by the inventors. Prospective study
Realizado en una Unidad de Dolor Crónico del hospital público Torrecárdenas durante los años 2008-2012. Los criterios de inclusión fueron aquellos pacientes remitidos por el Servicio de Reumatología con diagnóstico de fibromialgia por los criterios de la American College of Rheumatology classification (Paoletti & Neyton 2007. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7:39-47,)y con una mala respuesta consistente en un score de al menos 40 mm de los 100 mm de la escala visual analógica (EVA) tras diversas terapias cognitivo-conductuales y tratamiento farmacológico (antidepresivos, anticomiciales, antiinflamatorios y opiáceos) a dosis elevadas y una edad superior a 18 años. Todos los pacientes presentaban hemograma, bioquímica, velocidad de sedimentación globular (VSG), enzi mas m usculares, función tiroidea, factor reumatoide y anticuerpos antinucleares dentro de los límites de la normalidad. Los criterios de exclusión fueron la ausencia de consentimiento informado, presencia de cardiopatía isquémica, trastornos del ritmo, hipertensión arterial no controlada, epilepsia, glaucoma, tirotoxicosis, trastornos psiquiátricos y psicomiméticos (exceptuando cuadros de ansiedad y depresión), insuficiencia renal o hepática, historia de alcoholismo o abuso de cualquier sustancia estupefaciente y alergia conocida a ketamina. Performed in a Chronic Pain Unit of the Torrecárdenas public hospital during the years 2008-2012. The inclusion criteria were those patients referred by the Rheumatology Service with a diagnosis of fibromyalgia by the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology classification (Paoletti & Neyton 2007. Curr Opin Pharmacol 7: 39-47,) and with a poor response consisting of a score of at least 40 mm of the 100 mm of the analog visual scale (VAS) after various cognitive-behavioral therapies and pharmacological treatment (antidepressants, anti-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and opioid) at high doses and over 18 years of age. All patients presented with blood count, biochemistry, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), more muscular enzi, thyroid function, rheumatoid factor and antinuclear antibodies within the limits of normality. The exclusion criteria were the absence of informed consent, presence of ischemic heart disease, rhythm disorders, uncontrolled arterial hypertension, epilepsy, glaucoma, thyrotoxicosis, psychiatric and psychomimetic disorders (except for anxiety and depression), renal or hepatic insufficiency, history of alcoholism or abuse of any narcotic substance and known allergy to ketamine.
Tras firmar consentimiento informado, se canalizó vía periférica y se realizó monitorización de tensión arterial incruenta y electrocardiograma durante todo el procedimiento. Se administro 0,3 mg/kg de ketamina en 100 mi de suero salino fisiológico (SSF) 0,9% en un espacio de tiempo de 90 minutos durante cinco días consecutivos. No se administro medicación tipo benzodiacepinas previo a la infusión. En aquellos pacientes con respuesta positiva a la infusión intravenosa de ketamina, se realizaron las posteriores sesiones con jarabe de clorhidrato de ketamina a dosis deAfter signing informed consent, it was channeled peripherally and blood pressure monitoring and electrocardiogram were performed throughout the procedure. 0.3 mg / kg of ketamine was administered in 100 ml of physiological saline (SSF) 0.9% over a period of 90 minutes for five consecutive days. No benzodiazepine-type medication was given prior to infusion. In those patients with a positive response to intravenous infusion of ketamine, conducted subsequent sessions with ketamine hydrochloride syrup at doses of
0.5-1 mg/kg. 0.5-1 mg / kg
Se recogieron las variables demográficas de edad, sexo, medicación específica para este trastorno y la comorbilidad asociada. Se evaluó el dolor mediante la EVA y disminución del consumo de fármacos tras finalizar la técnica, y posteriormente a losThe demographic variables of age, sex, specific medication for this disorder and the associated comorbidity were collected. Pain was assessed by VAS and decreased drug use after completing the technique, and later at
1 , 3 y 6 meses, así como la calidad del sueño, estado de ánimo, y el tiempo en meses de persistencia de la mejoría clínica. El sueño se evaluó mediante la escala MOS- Sleep, que incluye un cuestionario con 12 ítems sobre la calidad del sueño. En las diferentes entrevistas se evaluó la calidad del sueño con una escala con 1 1 puntos, que abarca desde 0 (mejor sueño posible) hasta 1 1 (peor sueño posible). El estado de ánimo es estimado por la escala Hospital Anxiety and Depression que consta de 14 ítems para evaluar la presencia y severidad de ansiedad y depresión. Se recogieron la aparición de los diversos efectos adversos. Respecto al dolor y calidad del sueño se considero buena respuesta al tratamiento a una disminución de los valores básales superior al 50 %, respuesta parcial a una reducción entre 30-50 %, y los demás casos se consideraron como no respondedores. Se realizó una entrevista del grado de satisfacción al finalizar el tratamiento (Muy satisfecho, moderadamente satisfecho y no satisfecho). 1, 3 and 6 months, as well as sleep quality, mood, and time in months of persistence of clinical improvement. Sleep was assessed using the MOS-Sleep scale, which includes a questionnaire with 12 items on sleep quality. In the different interviews, the quality of sleep was evaluated with a scale with 1 1 points, ranging from 0 (best possible dream) to 1 1 (worst possible dream). Mood is estimated by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale consisting of 14 items to assess the presence and severity of anxiety and depression. The occurrence of various adverse effects were collected. Regarding pain and sleep quality, a good response to treatment was considered a decrease in baseline values greater than 50%, a partial response to a reduction between 30-50%, and the other cases were considered as non-responders. An interview of the degree of satisfaction was carried out at the end of the treatment (Very satisfied, moderately satisfied and not satisfied).
El objetivo primario del estudio fue demostrar la efectividad del clorhidrato de ketamina en los cuadros de fibromialgia resistente a tratamiento convencional. Los objetivos secundarios fueron conocer los posibles factores pronósticos para el éxito de este tratamiento. En la recogida y análisis de la información se tuvieron en cuenta las indicaciones de discreción y respeto a la intimidad de los pacientes según Normativa de la Comisión de Ética del hospital. Se obtuvo la aprobación formal por la Comisión de Ética del hospital y se verificó la ley orgánica de protección de datos médicos. Se realizo un análisis descriptivo y bivariante con las pruebas de la t de Student (variables cuantitativas) o χ2 (variables cualitativas). Se empleo el test de ANOVA con la corrección de Bonferroni o Scheffe si los tamaños muéstrales de los diferentes estratos eran diferentes para las comparaciones múltiples. Los valores de p<0,05 fueron considerados estadísticamente significativos. Los datos fueron procesados usando el programa Stata reléase 7 (Stata Corp., Collage Station, EEUU). Resultados. The primary objective of the study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of ketamine hydrochloride in fibromyalgia cases resistant to conventional treatment. The secondary objectives were to know the possible prognostic factors for the success of this treatment. In the collection and analysis of the information, the indications of discretion and respect for the privacy of the patients were taken into account according to the Regulations of the Ethics Commission of the hospital. Formal approval was obtained by the Ethics Commission of the hospital and the organic law for the protection of medical data was verified. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed with the Student's t tests (quantitative variables) or χ2 (qualitative variables). The ANOVA test with the Bonferroni or Scheffe correction was used if the sample sizes of the different strata were different for multiple comparisons. P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. The data were processed using the Stata relay 7 program (Stata Corp., Collage Station, USA). Results
Un total de 148 pacientes son incluidos en el estudio, excluyéndose trece pacientes por no realizar los diferentes cuestionarios. En total se realizaron 768 sesiones de ketamina. La edad media de la cohorte fue de 57, 15 ± 6,24 años, con un claro predominio del sexo femenino (98%). El tiempo medio desde el diagnóstico de FBM hasta el inicio del tratamiento fue de 4,2 ± 4 años, sin hallar diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el éxito del tratamiento y el tiempo transcurrido desde el diagnóstico por el Servicio de Reumatología. (p=0,46). Por el diseño del trabajo, los pacientes presentaban un alto nivel de dolor, con una EVA basal media de 7,56 ± 1 ,05. El índice MOS-Sleep basal fue de 6,31 ± 1 ,45. Un 87% presentaban un nivel elevado de ansiedad, mientras que un 62% estaban diagnosticados de cuadros depresivos. Un 75% de los casos recibían tratamiento en el segundo escalón de la OMS, con una dosis media de tramadol de 232,26 ±110,94 mg/día, el resto de los pacientes recibían medicación tipo opiáceos mayores, principalmente fentanilo transdérmico a dosis de 98,5 ± 63,3 μg/hora. Otros fármacos empleados frecuentemente fueron paracetamol, ibuprofeno, pregabalina, amitriptilina, venlafaxina y duloxetina. A total of 148 patients are included in the study, excluding thirteen patients for not completing the different questionnaires. In total, 768 sessions of ketamine were performed. The average age of the cohort was 57, 15 ± 6.24 years, with a clear female predominance (98%). The average time from the diagnosis of FBM to the beginning of the treatment was 4.2 ± 4 years, without finding statistically significant differences between the success of the treatment and the time elapsed since the diagnosis by the Rheumatology Service. (p = 0.46). Due to the design of the work, the patients presented a high level of pain, with a mean baseline VAS of 7.56 ± 1, 05. The baseline MOS-Sleep index was 6.31 ± 1.45. 87% had a high level of anxiety, while 62% were diagnosed with depressive symptoms. 75% of the cases received treatment in the second stage of the WHO, with an average dose of tramadol of 232.26 ± 110.94 mg / day, the rest of the patients received major opioid medication, mainly transdermal fentanyl dose 98.5 ± 63.3 μg / hour. Other frequently used drugs were paracetamol, ibuprofen, pregabalin, amitriptyline, venlafaxine and duloxetine.
Todos los pacientes respondedores a ketamina intravenosa, lo fueron posteriormente a jarabe de clorhidrato de ketamina oral, 105 casos a dosis de 0,5 mg/kg y el resto a dosis de 1 mg/kg vía oral durante cinco días consecutivos. All patients responding to intravenous ketamine were subsequently treated with oral ketamine hydrochloride syrup, 105 cases at a dose of 0.5 mg / kg and the rest at a dose of 1 mg / kg orally for five consecutive days.
Respecto al dolor referido mediante la escala EVA, un 55% se catalogaron como respondedores a ketamina intravenosa, un 15% como respondedores parciales y un 30% como no respondedores. Respecto a la calidad del sueño, fueron respondedores, respondedores parciales y no respondedores un 42%, 30% y 28%, de forma respectiva. El tiempo medio de inicio de la mejoría relatada por los pacientes fue de 7,87 ± 2,45 días (rango 1-18 días) desde la primera sesión en la unidad. Regarding the pain referred by the EVA scale, 55% were classified as responders to intravenous ketamine, 15% as partial responders and 30% as non-responders. Regarding the quality of sleep, 42%, 30% and 28% were responders, partial responders and non-responders, respectively. The mean time of onset of improvement reported by the patients was 7.87 ± 2.45 days (range 1-18 days) from the first session in the unit.
No hallamos diferencias estadísticamente significativas al éxito de la terapia en relación a las variables edad, sexo, comorbilidad asociada, presencia de distimias, tratamiento con AINEs, escalón analgésico de la OMS, dolor, calidad del sueño y fatiga basal (En las tablas 1 y 2 se muestran los datos para una n=34). La presencia de efectos adversos tipo mareo y estado confusional durante las diferentes sesiones y la administración de pregabalina son las única variable que se relaciona con el éxito del tratamiento en la esfera del dolor (p = 0,025 y p = 0,023) de forma respectiva. En la Tabla 3 se exponen el análisis de regresión logística para las diversas medicaciones en pacientes de la cohorte de FBM. En la Tabla 4 se exponen los diversos factores asociados a una buena respuesta a la infusión con clorhidrato de ketamina. Un 47 % de los pacientes no presentaron efectos adversos durante las 5 sesiones de tratamiento. El principal efecto adverso acontecido fueron estados confusionales y mareos de carácter leve en un tercio de la muestra, en menor proporción se describen en un 13% elevación de cifras tensionales, y un caso de moderado deterioro de la función renal. En una sola ocasión hubo que suspender el tratamiento por taquiarritmia sinusal, episodio que se resolvió tras cese de la perfusión de ketamina. El grado de satisfacción al protocolo con bajas dosis de ketamina fue de un 91 ,45% como muy satisfecho. We found no statistically significant differences in the success of the therapy in relation to the variables age, sex, associated comorbidity, presence of dysthymia, treatment with NSAIDs, WHO analgesic stage, pain, sleep quality and baseline fatigue (in Tables 1 and 2 the data is shown for an n = 34). The presence of dizziness and confusional state adverse effects during different sessions and the administration of pregabalin are the only variable that is related to success. of treatment in the area of pain (p = 0.025 and p = 0.023) respectively. Table 3 shows the logistic regression analysis for the various medications in patients in the FBM cohort. Table 4 shows the various factors associated with a good response to infusion with ketamine hydrochloride. 47% of patients had no adverse effects during the 5 treatment sessions. The main adverse effect occurred were confusional states and mild dizziness in a third of the sample, in a smaller proportion they are described in a 13% increase in blood pressure, and a case of moderate deterioration of renal function. On one occasion the treatment for sinus tachyarrhythmia had to be discontinued, an episode that resolved after cessation of ketamine infusion. The degree of satisfaction to the protocol with low doses of ketamine was 91, 45% as very satisfied.
En un subgrupo de 34 pacientes, el alivio del dolor obtenido mediante el uso de la perfusión a baja dosis de ketamina como adyuvante a la pregabalina oral, por 5 días fue superior a la pregabalina. La respuesta a bajas dosis de ketamina intravenosa está influenciada por la administración crónica de pregabalina en dosis superiores a 150 mg al día. Además, el efecto analgésico de la infusión de ketamina se mantuvo durante 2 meses después de la terminación de infusión. Esta mejora podría sugerir que la continuación del tratamiento o tratamientos repetidos cada 2 o 3 meses puede producir una respuesta más satisfactoria. In a subgroup of 34 patients, pain relief obtained by using low dose perfusion of ketamine as an adjuvant to oral pregabalin, for 5 days was superior to pregabalin. The response to low doses of intravenous ketamine is influenced by chronic administration of pregabalin in doses greater than 150 mg per day. In addition, the analgesic effect of the ketamine infusion was maintained for 2 months after the end of the infusion. This improvement could suggest that continued treatment or repeated treatments every 2 or 3 months may produce a more satisfactory response.
El tratamiento con pregabalina con dosis bajas de ketamina produce una mejoría en la respuesta a la reducción del dolor que se refleja el análisis de regresión múltiple (ASR 6,71 , IC 95% 2,92-22,98; p 0,01), y es dosis dependiente. Treatment with pregabalin with low doses of ketamine produces an improvement in the response to pain reduction reflected in the multiple regression analysis (ASR 6.71, 95% CI 2.92-22.98; p 0.01) , and it is dose dependent.
Tabla 3. ASOCIACIÓN MULTIVARIANTE DEL TRATAMIENTO FARMACOLÓGICO BASAL A LA RESPUESTA POSITIVA A KETAMI NA INTRAVENOSA. Table 3. MULTIVARIAN ASSOCIATION OF THE BASIC PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT TO THE POSITIVE RESPONSE TO KETAMI NA INTRAVENOSA.
Odds Odds
IC 95% z P 95% CI z P
Variables. Ratio >z. Variables Ratio> z.
■ Fármacos tipo Ligando alfa 1 ,598- ■ Ligand type drugs alpha 1, 598-
6,712. 2,601 . 6,712. 2,601.
2d (canales de calcio). 28,176. 2d (calcium channels). 28,176.
0,009. 0.009.
0,023- Fármacos Tricíclicos. 0,228. 1 ,261 . 0.023- Tricyclic Drugs. 0.228. 1, 261.
2,266. 0,207. 2,266. 0.207.
0,197- IRSN Duales. 1 ,292. 0,267. 0.197- Dual IRSN. 1,292. 0.267.
8,474. 0,789. 8,474. 0.789.
0,963- Opiáceos. 0,985. 1 ,277. 0.963- Opioids. 0.985. 1,277.
1 ,007. 0,202. 1, 007. 0.202.
Log likelihood = -16.78363. Log likelihood = -16.78363.
LR ch¡2 (4) = 13.45. Prob > ch¡2 = 0.0093. LR ch¡2 (4) = 13.45. Prob> ch¡2 = 0.0093.
Fármacos tipo Ligando alfa 2d: Tratamiento con pregabalina. Ligand alpha 2d drugs: Pregabalin treatment.
Fármacos Tricíclicos: Tratamiento con amitriptilina, doxepin, nortriptilina, maprotilina. IRSN Duales: Tratamiento con venlafaxina, duloxetina, minalcipran. Tricyclic Drugs: Treatment with amitriptyline, doxepin, nortriptyline, maprotiline. Dual IRSN: Treatment with venlafaxine, duloxetine, minalcipran.
Opiáceos: Tratamiento con Tramadol o fentanilo. Opioids: Treatment with Tramadol or fentanyl.
Tabla 4. Variables ajustadas mediante análisis de regresión logística para modelo de predicción del éxito al tratamiento con ketamina intravenosa en fibromialgia resistente a tratamiento médico convencional. Table 4. Variables adjusted by logistic regression analysis to predict the success of intravenous ketamine treatment in fibromyalgia resistant to conventional medical treatment.
-2 log de verosimilitud 32,565. -2 log of likelihood 32,565.
R cuadrado de Cox y Snell 0,346. R square of Cox and Snell 0.346.
R cuadrado de Nagelkerke 0,462. R square of Nagelkerke 0.462.
Prueba de Hosmer y Lemeshow 0, 103. Hosmer and Lemeshow test 0, 103.
Log Likelihood: 16,92. Log Likelihood: 16,92.
LR chi 2 (6) = 10, 572. Prob > ch¡2 = 0, 003. LR chi 2 (6) = 10, 572. Prob> ch¡2 = 0.003.
EVA Basal: Dolor basal medido por la escala visual analógica. Tratamiento por OMS: Tratamiento farmacológico según escalera analgésica de la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Elaboración de la forma farmacéutica líquida. Baseline VAS: Basal pain measured by the analog visual scale. WHO treatment: Pharmacological treatment according to the analgesic ladder of the World Health Organization. Preparation of the liquid pharmaceutical form.
Para ello se emplea ketamina 1 gr + 40 mi jarabe simple con conservante + 60 mi Ora- Sweet (concentración final de ketamina 10 mg/ mi). For this, ketamine 1 gr + 40 mi simple syrup with preservative + 60 mi Ora-Sweet (final concentration of ketamine 10 mg / mi) is used.
Un jarabe es una preparación acuosa de uso oral caracterizada por un sabor dulce y consistencia viscosa. Puede contener sacarosa a una concentración de al menos 45 % m/m. Su sabor dulce se puede obtener también utilizando otros polioles o agentes edulcorantes. Los jarabes contienen normalmente otros agentes aromatizantes o saporíferos. Cada dosis de un envase multidosis se administra por medio de un dispositivo apropiado que permita medir el volumen prescrito. A syrup is an aqueous preparation for oral use characterized by a sweet taste and viscous consistency. It may contain sucrose at a concentration of at least 45% m / m. Its sweet taste can also be obtained using other polyols or sweetening agents. Syrups normally contain other flavoring or flavoring agents. Each dose of a multidose container is administered by means of an appropriate device that allows to measure the prescribed volume.
Jarabe simple según la Real Farmacopea Española IX Edición: Simple syrup according to the Royal Spanish Pharmacopoeia IX Edition:
Sacarosa Saccharose
Agua Water
Fórmula patrón. Pattern Formula
Principio activo Active principle
Sacarosa Saccharose
Agua purificada Purified water
En función de cada formulación pueden formar partes de la preparación otros componentes como: conservantes, correctores del sabor, aromas, etc. Depending on each formulation, other components such as preservatives, flavor correctors, aromas, etc. can form parts of the preparation.
Material y equipo. Material and equipment.
Vasos de precipitados u otros recipientes adecuados. Beakers or other suitable containers.
Agitador mecánico. Mechanical stirrer
Filtro clarificante. Clarifying filter
Embudo. Entorno Funnel. Environment
Humedad relativa: 60 % Relative humidity: 60%
Temperatura: 25 +/- 5o C Temperature: 25 +/- 5 o C
Excepto los casos en que las especificaciones de la formulación requieran otras condiciones. Método patrón. Except in cases where the formulation specifications require other conditions. Standard Method
1. Pesar todos los componentes de la preparación. Pesar la cantidad de sacarosa necesaria, teniendo en cuenta que se necesita 640 g de sacarosa y 360 g de agua destilada para preparar un kilogramo de jarabe simple. 1. Weigh all components of the preparation. Weigh the amount of sucrose needed, taking into account that 640 g of sucrose and 360 g of distilled water are needed to prepare a kilogram of simple syrup.
2. Añadir lentamente sobre el agua, bajo agitación, los conservantes, hasta su completa disolución. 2. Slowly add preservatives to the water, with stirring, until completely dissolved.
3. Adicionar lentamente, bajo agitación la sacarosa. Debe obtenerse una solución de aspecto homogéneo. 3. Add slowly, with stirring, sucrose. A homogeneous looking solution must be obtained.
4. Adicionar lentamente, bajo agitación, el corrector del sabor. 4. Slowly add, under stirring, the flavor corrector.
5. Si es necesario, homogeneizar la solución obtenida en el punto 4 con un agitador de turbi na. Puede ponerse también al calor para favorecer la disolución del azúcar. 5. If necessary, homogenize the solution obtained in point 4 with a turbine stirrer. It can also be put to heat to favor the dissolution of sugar.
6. Proceder a la filtración del jarabe obtenido en el punto 5, mediante filtro clarificante. 6. Proceed with the filtration of the syrup obtained in point 5, by means of a clarifying filter.
7. Incorporar el principio activo en función de su solubilidad en el agua u otro solvente adecuado, o directamente en el jarabe ya elaborado. 7. Incorporate the active substance based on its solubility in water or other suitable solvent, or directly in the syrup already made.
8. Proceder a la limpieza del material y equipo según se especifique en los procedimientos de limpieza correspondientes. Acondicionamiento 8. Proceed to clean the material and equipment as specified in the corresponding cleaning procedures. Conditioning
Proceder al acondicionamiento del jarabe, según las especificaciones particulares de cada formulación. El tipo de envase utilizado debe ser adecuado y compatible con el jarabe que contiene. Proceed to the conditioning of the syrup, according to the particular specifications of each formulation. The type of packaging used must be adequate and compatible with the syrup it contains.
Debe ir acompañado del dispositivo adecuado que permita medir el volumen prescrito. It must be accompanied by the appropriate device to measure the prescribed volume.
Controles. Controls
• Fórmula magistral: • Master formula:
-evaluación de los caracteres organolépticos: color, viscosidad. -evaluation of the organoleptic characters: color, viscosity.
• Fórmula magistral tipificada y preparados oficinales: • Standard formula and official preparations:
- evaluación de los caracteres organolépticos - evaluation of organoleptic characters
- verificación del peso. - weight verification.
• En caso de elaborar lotes, además se realizarán: • In case of developing lots, the following will also be carried out:
- determinación del grado de coloración (RFE 2.2.2) - determination of the degree of coloration (RFE 2.2.2)
- determinación de la limpidez y grado de opalescencia (RFE 2.2.1) - determination of cleanliness and degree of opalescence (RFE 2.2.1)
- determinación de la densidad relativa (RFE 2.2.5) - control de pH, según procedimiento PN/L/C:P/001/00 - determination of relative density (RFE 2.2.5) - pH control, according to PN / L / C procedure: P / 001/00
- control microbiológico (RFE 5.1.4) - microbiological control (RFE 5.1.4)
Cuando proceda se completa con las exigencias que figuren el la Real Farmacopea Española. When appropriate, the requirements set out in the Spanish Royal Pharmacopoeia are completed.
ORA-SWEET® ORA-SWEET®
Vehículo para jarabes orales, libre de glucosa y de alcohol, adecuado especialmente para preparaciones pediátricas y geriátricas. Una pequeña cantidad de sacarina sódica le da dulzura. La goma xantana, la glicerina y el sorbitol contribuyen tanto a la textura como a las buenas características de flujo. Contiene agentes saborizantes para aumentar la palatabilidad. Se almacena a un pH ligeramente ácido para ayudar a disminuir la degradación de los principios activos a través de la oxidación Vehicle for oral syrups, free of glucose and alcohol, especially suitable for pediatric and geriatric preparations. A small amount of sodium saccharin gives it sweetness. Xanthan gum, glycerin and sorbitol contribute to both texture and good flow characteristics. Contains flavoring agents to increase palatability. It is stored at a slightly acidic pH to help decrease the degradation of active ingredients through oxidation.
-Sacarosa 70% -Sucrose 70%
-Glicerina 6% -6% glycerin
-Sorbitol 5% -Sorbitol 5%
-Otros ingredientes presentes en cantidades menores al 1 % y considerados y generalmente reconocidos como seguros para el consumo oral (sacarina sódica, goma xantana y aroma. Se tampona con ácido cítrico y citrato de sodio. También tiene metilparabeno (0.03%), propilparabeno (0.008%), y sorbato de potasio (0.1 %)). -Other ingredients present in amounts less than 1% and considered and generally recognized as safe for oral consumption (sodium saccharin, xanthan gum and aroma. It is buffered with citric acid and sodium citrate. It also has methylparaben (0.03%), propylparaben ( 0.008%), and potassium sorbate (0.1%)).
-Agua purificada c.s.p -Purified water c.s.p
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201131879 | 2011-11-22 | ||
| ESP201131879 | 2011-11-22 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| WO2013076339A1 true WO2013076339A1 (en) | 2013-05-30 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/ES2012/070816 Ceased WO2013076339A1 (en) | 2011-11-22 | 2012-11-22 | Combined preparations and compositions for the treatment of fibromyalgia |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2596592A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-05 | Alkaloid Ad Skopje | Pharmaceutical formulation |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020115705A1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 2002-08-22 | Leslie Magnus-Miller | Analgesic compositions comprising anti-epileptic compounds and methods of using same |
| US20050095277A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-05-05 | Binnur Ozturk | Neuropathy cream |
| WO2005102390A2 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-03 | Pfizer Japan, Inc. | Combinations comprising alpha-2-delta ligands and nmda receptor antagonists |
| US20110039875A1 (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2011-02-17 | Trinity Laboratories, Inc. | Pharamaceutical compositions for treating chronic pain and pain associated with neuropathy |
| US20110178177A1 (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2011-07-21 | Taraxos Inc. | Topical formulations for treatment of neuropathy |
-
2012
- 2012-11-22 WO PCT/ES2012/070816 patent/WO2013076339A1/en not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20020115705A1 (en) * | 1997-09-08 | 2002-08-22 | Leslie Magnus-Miller | Analgesic compositions comprising anti-epileptic compounds and methods of using same |
| US20050095277A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2005-05-05 | Binnur Ozturk | Neuropathy cream |
| WO2005102390A2 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2005-11-03 | Pfizer Japan, Inc. | Combinations comprising alpha-2-delta ligands and nmda receptor antagonists |
| US20110039875A1 (en) * | 2007-08-06 | 2011-02-17 | Trinity Laboratories, Inc. | Pharamaceutical compositions for treating chronic pain and pain associated with neuropathy |
| US20110178177A1 (en) * | 2008-09-27 | 2011-07-21 | Taraxos Inc. | Topical formulations for treatment of neuropathy |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB2596592A (en) * | 2020-07-03 | 2022-01-05 | Alkaloid Ad Skopje | Pharmaceutical formulation |
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