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WO2013069318A1 - Chauffe-eau solaire - Google Patents

Chauffe-eau solaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2013069318A1
WO2013069318A1 PCT/JP2012/059767 JP2012059767W WO2013069318A1 WO 2013069318 A1 WO2013069318 A1 WO 2013069318A1 JP 2012059767 W JP2012059767 W JP 2012059767W WO 2013069318 A1 WO2013069318 A1 WO 2013069318A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat
heat storage
solar
storage unit
water heater
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2012/059767
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
島田　守
池田　匡視
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Furukawa Electric Co Ltd filed Critical Furukawa Electric Co Ltd
Priority to JP2013542870A priority Critical patent/JP5931086B2/ja
Priority to CN201280032908.XA priority patent/CN103635757B/zh
Publication of WO2013069318A1 publication Critical patent/WO2013069318A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
    • F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a solar water heater that receives solar heat and heats water using the amount of heat of the received solar heat.
  • a heat storage unit is installed on the top and bottom of the pipe, and water is heated by solar heat collected by the heat collector, and heat is exchanged with the heat storage unit to heat the heat storage unit. Since it stores, there exists an advantage that the tank for storing warm water becomes unnecessary.
  • the solar water heating system described above has a configuration in which the latent heat storage unit is arranged up and down with the water flow pipe sandwiched inside the box body in which the heat storage unit is insulated. Since the rate is small, there is a problem that it is difficult to quickly store heat or release heat. Further, in the conventional configuration, since heat is exchanged between the latent heat storage unit and the water flowing through the water passage pipe, the temperature of the latent heat storage unit is divided between a portion close to the water passage pipe and a portion away from the water passage pipe. There is a problem that the hot water temperature is likely to fluctuate.
  • the present invention includes a solar heat collector, a heat accumulator that stores heat collected by the solar heat collector, and a heat exchanger that heats water with heat stored in the heat accumulator.
  • a solar water heater comprising the heat accumulator, wherein the heat accumulator is divided into a plurality of heat storage units each including a latent heat storage material, and includes a heat equalizing member that performs temperature equalization between the plurality of heat storage units.
  • the heat storage unit is configured by being divided into a plurality of heat storage units including the latent heat storage material, the heat transfer area of the entire heat storage unit can be increased by subdividing the heat storage unit, and accordingly, The heat exchange efficiency during heat storage or heat dissipation can be improved.
  • a heat equalizing member that equalizes the temperature between the plurality of heat storage units is provided, the heat can be uniformly extracted from the plurality of heat storage units that have been temperature-uniformed by the heat equalization member, and the supplied hot water Temperature fluctuation can be suppressed.
  • the plurality of heat storage units may be arranged in the heat exchanger, heat transfer columns may be interposed between the heat storage units, and the heat equalizing member may be thermally connected to the heat transfer columns. .
  • the plurality of heat storage units may be arranged in the heat exchanger, and the heat equalizing member may be thermally connected to the heat exchanger.
  • the solar heat collector, the heat accumulator, and the heat exchanger may be arranged in an overlapping manner.
  • the said heat storage device and the said heat exchanger are arrange
  • the heat exchanger includes an inlet header and an outlet header, and a plurality of connecting pipes connecting the inlet header and the outlet header, and the heat equalizing member has a diameter of the connecting pipe from the inlet header to the outlet. The diameter may be gradually increased toward the header.
  • the latent heat storage material may be made of a material that causes overcooling, and a plurality of heat storage bodies may be provided with heat generation trigger mechanisms.
  • the said heat storage device may be equipped with the latent heat storage material from which melting
  • the heat accumulator is configured by being divided into a plurality of heat accumulating units each including a latent heat accumulating material, so that the heat transfer area of the entire heat accumulator can be increased by subdividing the heat accumulator or heat dissipation.
  • the heat exchange efficiency at the time can be improved.
  • a heat equalizing member that equalizes the temperature between the plurality of heat storage units is provided, the heat can be uniformly extracted from the plurality of heat storage units that have been temperature-uniformed by the heat equalization member, and the supplied hot water Temperature fluctuation can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view of a solar water heater according to a first embodiment of the present invention. It is BB sectional drawing of FIG. 1A. It is a top view of the solar-heat utilization water heater of the state which removed the heat collecting plate. It is a side view of the solar water heater based on 2nd Embodiment of this invention.
  • FIG. 3B is a sectional view taken along line BB in FIG. 3A. It is a top view of the solar-heat utilization water heater of the state which removed the heat collecting plate. It is a side view of the solar-heating water heater concerning 3rd Embodiment of this invention. It is BB sectional drawing of FIG. 5A. It is a top view of a solar water heater.
  • FIG. 13A It is a top view of the solar water heater based on the modification of 6th Embodiment. It is a side view of the solar-heated water heater concerning 7th Embodiment of this invention. It is BB sectional drawing of FIG. 13A. It is CC sectional drawing of FIG. 13A. It is a top view of a solar water heater.
  • the solar water heater 1 is arranged in a place (for example, a roof) where it is easy to receive solar solar radiation, and as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a solar thermal collector that collects solar heat by receiving solar radiation. 10, a heat accumulator 20 that receives and stores solar heat emitted from the solar heat collector 10, and receives heat released from the heat accumulator 20 or the solar heat collector 10 to externally (in this embodiment, tap water)
  • the solar heat collector 10, the heat accumulator 20, and the heat exchanger 30 are stacked in the height (thickness) direction.
  • the heat accumulator 20 is disposed on the heat exchanger 30, and the solar heat collector 10 is disposed on the heat accumulator 20. For this reason, the installation area of the solar water heater 1 can be reduced, and the solar water heater 1 can be downsized.
  • the heat exchanger 30 includes a base plate 31 formed in a plate shape, and a plurality of fins (heat transfer columns) 32, 32,.
  • the base plate 31 and the fins 32 are formed of, for example, a metal having excellent thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum or an alloy made of the above metal, and the fins 32 are screwed at a predetermined interval on the base plate 31. It is fixed by fastening, caulking, welding, etc.
  • the base plate 31 and the fins 32 may be integrally formed. These fins 32 are formed at substantially the same height, and the solar heat collector 10 is fixed to the upper end portion of the fins 32.
  • the heat exchanger 30 includes a plurality of inlet headers 33 and outlet headers 34 arranged in the direction in which the fins 32 extend, and a plurality of inlet headers 33 and outlet headers 34. It is provided with connecting pipes 35, 35.
  • Each of the connecting pipes 35 is formed of, for example, a metal having excellent thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum or an alloy made of the above metal, and is thermally connected and fixed to the lower surface of the base plate 31.
  • the inlet header 33 is connected to a water supply pipe as a water supply source, and the outlet header 34 is connected to a hot water supply pipe connected to a hot water outlet.
  • a mixing pipe branched from a water supply as a water supply source may be connected to the hot water supply pipe. The hot water can be adjusted to an appropriate temperature by mixing the hot water flowing through the hot water supply pipe with the clean water through the mixing pipe.
  • the heat storage density becomes larger than the method using sensible heat such as water, so that the heat storage 20 can be downsized. Further, since the heat storage units 21 divided by packing the latent heat storage material with a laminate material are arranged side by side on the base plate 31, the height (thickness) of the heat storage device 20 can be kept low, and as a result The use water heater 1 can be downsized.
  • the latent heat storage material has a property that when it is cooled after solar heat storage, it becomes a so-called supercooled state and does not solidify even if it is cooled to a temperature below the freezing point and heat radiation does not start.
  • the heat accumulator 20 is provided with a heat generation trigger mechanism 22 (FIG. 2) that stimulates the heat storage units 21 to induce heat generation (coagulation).
  • the heat generation trigger mechanism 22 is arranged in each heat storage unit 21 independently of each other, an energization line in contact with the latent heat storage material in the heat storage unit 21, and an operation switch for applying a voltage to the latent heat storage material through the energization line.
  • the operation switch is operated to stimulate the latent heat storage material, thereby releasing the supercooled state of the latent heat storage material in the heat storage unit 21 and solidifying the latent heat storage material.
  • the heat stored in the latent heat storage material is released from the latent heat storage material to the base plate 31 of the heat exchanger 30.
  • each heat generating trigger mechanism 22 individually, only a necessary amount of heat can be taken out from each heat storage unit 21, and the stored heat amount can be used effectively.
  • the means for applying a stimulus to the heat storage unit 21 is not limited to one that applies a voltage.
  • the heat storage unit 21 is subdivided by packing the latent heat storage material with a bag-like laminate material, it can easily handle the latent heat storage material that liquefies during heat storage, and can be easily placed on the base plate 31. While the heat storage unit 21 can be arranged, a large heat transfer area of the heat storage unit 21 can be secured, and heat transfer efficiency can be improved to quickly extract heat.
  • the solar water heater 1 is disposed between the heat storage units 21 and 21, and is a heat pipe (heat equalizing member) that is thermally connected to the plurality of fins 32. 40.
  • these heat pipes 40 are disposed substantially parallel to the extending direction of the connecting pipe 35 of the heat exchanger 30 and are disposed through the through holes 32 ⁇ / b> A formed in the plurality of fins 32. .
  • the heat pipe 40 is formed by, for example, sealing a working fluid in a reduced pressure inside a sealed container made of a metal having excellent thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum or an alloy made of the above metal. .
  • the container is formed in a flat plate shape in order to suppress the height (thickness) and secure a large contact area.
  • the shape of the container is not limited to a flat plate shape, and may be formed in a cylindrical shape, for example.
  • a wick capable of exerting capillary force is disposed in close contact with the inner wall.
  • a groove may be formed on the inner wall of the container.
  • the liquid evaporates and changes to a gas phase state, and the vapor generated by evaporating the working liquid moves from the heat absorption side of the heat pipe 40 to the fin 32 on the low temperature side that is the heat dissipation side.
  • the evaporated liquid is cooled, so that the working fluid returns from the gas phase state to the liquid phase state.
  • the hydraulic fluid that has returned to the liquid phase moves (refluxs) from the heat dissipation side to the heat absorption side again.
  • the heat pipe 40 is disposed so as to penetrate the plurality of fins 32 of the heat exchanger 30, so that heat is transferred between the plurality of fins 32 through the heat pipe 40.
  • the soaking of the fins 32 is performed. For this reason, the base plate 31 of the heat exchanger 30 provided with the plurality of fins 32 is soaked, and as a result, the heat storage units 21 arranged on the base plate 31 are soaked.
  • the heat pipe 40 is disposed through the through holes 32A provided in the plurality of fins 32 erected on the base plate 31 of the heat exchanger 30.
  • the heat equalization of the heat exchanger 30 is achieved by 40.
  • positioned on the base plate 31 of the heat exchanger 30 is temperature-equalized, and heat can be equally distributed to the said some heat storage unit 21, and can be stored. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the temperature of some of the heat storage units 21 from rising excessively, causing deterioration and causing unevenness in the heat storage capacity of the heat storage device 20.
  • the latent heat storage material in each heat storage unit 21 can be kept constant, and heat can be evenly extracted from the plurality of heat storage units 21. As a result, it is possible to prevent a part of the heat storage units 21 from ending the heat release first and stop the supply of the heat to the hot water in the middle, thereby supplying the heat through the heat exchanger 30. The temporal fluctuation of the hot water temperature can be suppressed.
  • the heat pipes 40 are arranged along the plurality of connecting pipes 35, the flow direction of the water flowing through the connecting pipes 35 and the heat moving direction of the heat pipes 40 are substantially parallel. According to this, when extracting heat from the heat storage unit 21, heat can be evenly applied to the water in the connecting pipe 35 through the heat pipe 40, and the temporal variation of the supplied hot water temperature is further suppressed. be able to.
  • each heat storage unit 21 is described as being configured to be in thermal contact with the heat pipe 40 via the base plate 31 and the fins 32 of the heat exchanger 30, but the heat storage unit 21 and the heat pipe 40 are also described.
  • the heat storage unit 21 may be disposed on the base plate 31 with a part of the heat storage unit 21 in contact with the heat pipe 40.
  • this embodiment demonstrated the aspect using the heat pipe 40 as an example of a soaking
  • a bar-like body made of a metal or alloy having good thermal conductivity may be used as the soaking member.
  • FIG. 3A is a side view of a solar water heater 50 according to the second embodiment
  • FIG. 3B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 3A
  • FIG. 4 is a solar water heater with the heat collecting plate removed.
  • FIG. As shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the solar water heater 50 is a mode in which the heat pipe 40 is thermally connected to the heat exchanger 30, and the heat pipe 40 is disposed on the lower surface side of the base plate 31 of the heat exchanger 30.
  • the configuration differs from the solar water heater 1 according to the first embodiment described above in that the heat storage unit 61 is integrally formed to have substantially the same length as the fin 32.
  • the same components as those of the solar water heater 1 described above are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
  • the second embodiment as shown in FIG. 4, since the upper surface of the heat pipe 40 formed in a flat plate shape is fixed in contact with the lower surface of the base plate 31 of the heat exchanger 30, A large heat exchange area between the pipe 40 and the base plate 31 can be ensured, and the heat exchanger 30 can be heated more efficiently.
  • the height of the heat pipe 40 is substantially the same as the height of the plurality of connecting pipes 35 disposed on the lower surface of the base plate 31, so that the heat pipe 40 protrudes larger than the connecting pipe 35. This can be prevented, and downsizing of the solar water heater 50 in the height (thickness) direction can be realized.
  • a heat storage unit 61 formed in a flat plate shape having a length substantially the same as the length of the fin 32 is arranged between the fins 32 and 32.
  • the heat storage unit 61 is formed at substantially the same height as the fins 32, and the upper surface 61A and the lower surface 61B of the heat storage unit 61 are in contact with the heat collecting plate 11 and the base plate 31, respectively.
  • positioned on the base board 31 can be increased, without enlarging in a height (thickness) direction, and it heats for a long time. Temporal fluctuations in the temperature of the hot water supplied through the exchanger 30 can be suppressed.
  • the heat storage unit 61 is different in size from the heat storage unit 21 according to the first embodiment, the other configurations are the same.
  • a heat storage unit can be arrange
  • the heat pipe 40 is fixedly disposed on the lower surface side of the base plate 31, the heat exchanger 30 is soaked by the heat pipe 40. Accordingly, the plurality of heat storage units 61 arranged on the base plate 31 of the heat exchanger 30 are soaked with each other even in the process of receiving heat from the heat collecting plate 11 and storing the heat. For this reason, since it becomes possible to accumulate
  • the heat storage unit 61 is soaked by the heat pipe 40, so that heat can be evenly extracted from the plurality of heat storage units 61. It becomes possible. As a result, it is possible to prevent a part of the heat storage units 61 from releasing the heat first and stop the supply of the heat to the hot water in the middle, thereby supplying the heat through the heat exchanger 30. The temporal fluctuation of the hot water temperature can be suppressed.
  • the solar-heat utilization water heaters 1 and 50 were set as the structure which laminates
  • the present invention is not limited to this, and the solar heat collector 10, the heat accumulators 20, 60, and the heat exchanger 30 may be arranged, for example, in the horizontal direction.
  • FIG. 5A is a side view of a solar water heater 80 according to the third embodiment
  • FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB of FIG. 5A
  • FIG. 6 is a plan view of the solar water heater 80.
  • the solar heat utilization water heater 80 includes a solar heat collector 10, a heat accumulator 90 that stores solar heat received from the solar heat collector 10, and the heat accumulator 90.
  • the solar heat collector 10 is arranged side by side with respect to the exchanger 100 and the heat accumulator 90.
  • the solar heat collector 10 and the heat exchanger 100 are thermally connected by a transfer heat pipe 110.
  • the heat exchanger 100 includes a pair of inlet headers 103 and outlet headers 104 arranged along the direction in which the fins 102 extend, and a plurality of inlet headers 103 and outlet headers 104.
  • the connecting pipes 105 are provided. Each of these connecting pipes 105 is formed of, for example, a metal having excellent thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum or an alloy made of the above metal, and is fixed to the lower surface of the base plate 101.
  • the inlet header 103 is connected to a water supply pipe, which is a water supply source, and the outlet header 104 is connected to a hot water supply pipe connected to a hot water supply port.
  • a mixing pipe branched from a water supply as a water supply source may be connected to the hot water supply pipe.
  • the hot water can be adjusted to an appropriate temperature by mixing the hot water flowing through the hot water supply pipe with the clean water through the mixing pipe.
  • the heat accumulator 90 collects the solar heat collected by the solar heat collector 10 and transmitted to the heat exchanger 100 through the transfer heat pipe 110.
  • the heat accumulator 90 includes a plurality of heat storage units 91 divided into a plurality of portions, and these heat storage units 91 are sandwiched between adjacent fins 102 and 102.
  • the heat storage unit 91 is provided with the heat generation trigger mechanism 22 (FIG. 6), and is formed by packing the latent heat storage material with a bag-like laminate material, as shown in FIG. 5A.
  • the flat heat storage unit 91 is placed between the adjacent fins 102, 102.
  • the heat storage unit 91 is formed to have a thickness such that one surface 91A and the other surface 91B of the heat storage unit 91 are in contact with the adjacent fins 102 and 102, respectively. Further, each fin 102 is provided with a plurality of protrusions (not shown) for holding the heat storage unit 91, and fixes the heat storage unit 91 between the adjacent fins 102, 102, The heat transfer characteristic with the heat storage unit 91 can be improved. Therefore, the solar heat transmitted from the fins 102 can be efficiently stored in the latent heat storage material in the heat storage unit 91.
  • the solar water heater 80 is a heat pipe for transfer (heat transfer member) 110 that thermally connects the solar heat collector 10 and the heat exchanger 100, And a heat pipe (heat equalizing member) 120 arranged in parallel with the transfer heat pipe 110.
  • the heat pipe 120 is disposed so as to pass through the through holes 102A formed in the fins 102 of the heat exchanger 100 in the same manner as the heat pipe 40 described above, and the heat exchanger 100 and the fins 102 and 102 of the heat exchanger 100 are arranged.
  • a plurality of heat storage units 91 respectively arranged between them are intended to equalize heat.
  • the heat pipe 120 is formed in a columnar shape and is disposed through the through hole 102A formed in the fin 102.
  • the heat pipe is formed in a flat plate shape, You may arrange
  • the transfer heat pipe 110 is for transferring solar heat collected by the solar heat collector 10 to the heat accumulator 90, and is connected to the transfer portion 110A formed in a columnar shape and the transfer portion 110A.
  • the transfer section 110A is fixed to the heat collecting plate 11 of the solar heat collector 10, and the heat equalization section 110B is fixed to penetrate the plurality of fins 102 of the heat exchanger 100.
  • FIG. 6 shows an example in which only one transfer heat pipe 110 is provided, there may naturally be a plurality of transfer heat pipes 110.
  • the solar-heated water heater 80 is slanted in a place (for example, a roof) where it is easy to receive solar solar radiation so that the heat exchanger 100 is higher than the solar heat collector 10. It is desirable to be arranged.
  • the soaking part 110B is positioned above the transferring part 110A, thereby suppressing the return of the working fluid from the transferring part 110A to the soaking part 110B against gravity. Therefore, even if the heat collecting plate 11 of the solar heat collector 10 is cooled at night or the like, the backflow of heat from the heat accumulator 90 to the solar heat collector 10 can be suppressed.
  • a mechanism for generating a capillary force such as a wick is provided inside the soaking part, whereas the transfer part It is good also as a structure which does not provide the mechanism which generate
  • solar heat is used on a flat roof.
  • a water heater can be installed and the installation mode of the solar water heater can be diversified.
  • the solar heat collector 10 and the side heat exchanger 90 and the heat exchanger 100 are stacked one above the other, and the solar heat collector 10 and the heat accumulator 90 are thermally transferred by the transfer heat pipe 110. Since it is connected, heat transport from the solar heat collector 10 to the heat accumulator 90 can be efficiently performed. Furthermore, by arranging the heat storage unit 91 in an upright manner between the fins 102 and 102 of the heat exchanger 100, an increase in the installation area of the heat exchanger 100 can be suppressed, side by side with the solar heat collector 10, and the heat accumulator. Even if it is the case where it is the case where it is the structure where 90 and the heat exchanger 100 are laminated
  • the heat equalizing section 110B of the heat pipe 120 and the transfer heat pipe 110 is disposed through the through holes 102A provided in the plurality of fins 102 erected on the base plate 101 of the heat exchanger 100.
  • the heat exchanger 100 is soaked by the heat soaking section 110B of the heat pipe 120 and the transfer heat pipe 110.
  • positioned between the fins 102 and 102 of the heat exchanger 100 is temperature-equalized, and heat can be equally distributed to the said several heat storage unit 91, and can be stored. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the temperature of some of the heat storage units 91 from excessively rising, causing deterioration and causing unevenness in the heat storage capacity of the heat storage device 90.
  • the plurality of heat storage units 91 are soaked by the heat soaking unit 110B of the heat pipe 120 and the transfer heat pipe 110. It becomes possible to extract heat from the heat storage unit 91 evenly. As a result, it is possible to prevent a part of the heat storage units 91 from ending the heat release first, and the supply of heat to the hot water from being stopped halfway, thereby being supplied through the heat exchanger 100. The temporal fluctuation of the hot water temperature can be suppressed.
  • the solar water heater 130 is provided in the heat exchanger 100 so that the connecting pipes 106 connecting the inlet header 103 and the outlet header 104 are respectively directed from the inlet header 103 toward the outlet header 104.
  • the configuration is greatly different from the solar water heater 80 described above in that the diameter gradually increases.
  • symbol is attached
  • each connecting pipe 106 has an end portion 106B on the outlet header 104 side that is larger than an end portion 106A on the inlet header 103 side.
  • the diameter gradually increases toward the header 104.
  • the diameter of the end portion 106B on the outlet header 104 side is determined by the flow rate, flow rate, and the like of water flowing through the connecting pipe 106.
  • the heat exchanger 100 is soaked by the soaking part 110 ⁇ / b> B of the transfer heat pipe 110, so that the plurality of heat storage units 91 disposed between the fins 102, 102 of the heat exchanger 100 are provided.
  • Heat equalization is performed, and heat can be evenly distributed and stored in the plurality of heat storage units 91. Therefore, it is possible to prevent the temperature of some of the heat storage units 91 from excessively rising, causing deterioration and causing unevenness in the heat storage capacity of the heat storage device 90.
  • the plurality of heat storage units 91 are soaked by the soaking part 110B of the transfer heat pipe 110. Furthermore, since the connecting pipe 106 gradually increases in diameter from the inlet header 103 toward the outlet header 104, the flow rate of water flowing through the connecting pipe 106 becomes slower toward the downstream side. Heat can be taken out evenly. As a result, it is possible to prevent a part of the heat storage units 91 from ending the heat release first, and the supply of heat to the hot water from being stopped halfway, thereby being supplied through the heat exchanger 100. The temporal fluctuation of the hot water temperature can be suppressed.
  • each heat storage unit of the heat accumulator is temperature-equalized with a heat pipe (heat equalizing member).
  • each heat storage unit is provided with the same kind of latent heat storage material which produces supercooling, and has a property which changes a phase at the same temperature. For this reason, it is substantially difficult to sequentially store the latent heat in each heat storage unit, and the latent heat is uniformly stored in all the heat storage units.
  • the latent heat storage of all the heat storage units may not be completed (at least some of the heat storage units may partially leave the solid phase) and sunset may be reached. There is.
  • the heat storage unit cannot maintain the latent heat because it cannot be overcooled in the process until solidification proceeds with the remaining solid phase as a nucleus and the temperature decreases to room temperature (for example, 20 ° C.).
  • room temperature for example, 20 ° C.
  • the heat accumulator includes latent heat storage materials having different melting points for each heat storage unit.
  • FIG. 9 is a plan view of a solar water heater 200 according to the fifth embodiment, showing a state in which the heat collecting plate 11 is removed.
  • the regenerator 20 of the solar water heater 200 is different from the solar water heater 1 according to the first embodiment in that it includes two types of heat storage units 221 and 222 having latent heat storage materials having different melting points. Make the configuration different. Since the other configuration is the same as that of the solar water heater 1, the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
  • thermal storage units 221 and 222 which have a latent heat storage material from which melting
  • a unit may be provided.
  • the heat accumulator 20 includes a low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 having a low melting point (for example, 50 ° C.) latent heat storage material (low melting point heat storage material), and latent heat storage in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221.
  • the combination of the low melting point heat storage material and the high melting point heat storage material include a combination of sodium acetate trihydrate and barium hydroxide octahydrate, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and magnesium hydroxide 6 A combination of hydrates can be used.
  • These low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are arranged side by side on the base plate 31. Specifically, the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are alternately arranged in the extending direction (row direction) of the connecting pipe 35 and the extending direction (column direction) of the fins 32 of the heat exchanger 30, respectively. Are arranged in a so-called checkered pattern.
  • the solar water heater 200 is formed by stacking the solar heat collector 10, the heat accumulator 20, and the heat exchanger 30 in the height (thickness) direction. For this reason, solar heat from solar radiation is collected by the entire heat collecting plate 11 of the solar heat collector 10 and is uniformly transmitted to the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 that are in contact with the heat collecting plate 11.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are arranged in a checkered pattern, the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 is uniformly scattered under the heat collecting plate 11. Arranged in a state.
  • solar heat that has entered any region of each heat storage unit can be used for latent heat storage of the low-melting-point latent heat storage unit 221 in the vicinity.
  • the low-melting-point heat storage material and then the high-melting-point heat storage material Latent heat can be stored in this order.
  • the solar water heater 200 includes the heat pipe 40, the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are soaked through the heat pipe 40. Therefore, after the temperature of each of the heat storage units 221 and 222 reaches the melting point of the low melting point heat storage material of the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 having the lowest melting point, the heat spent for increasing the sensible heat of the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 However, it is transported from the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 to the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 by the heat pipe 40 and preferentially stored in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 can store heat without leaving a solid phase. For this reason, even after the sensible heat is lost and the temperature is lowered, the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 can retain the latent heat storage amount of the low melting point heat storage material by supercooling, and the amount of stored heat and water Heat exchange can be used effectively as hot water.
  • the temperature of each of the heat storage units 221 and 222 rises to the melting point of the latent heat storage material of the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222. For this reason, after the temperature of each of the heat storage units 221 and 222 reaches the melting point of the latent heat storage material of the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222, the heat consumed by the sensible heat rise of the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 is caused by the heat pipe 40.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 is transported to the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 and stored in the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222.
  • the low-melting-point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high-melting-point latent heat storage unit 222 store heat in stages, so that the low-melting-point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high-melting point latent heat storage unit 222 can reliably store heat.
  • the stored heat quantity can be used effectively.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are arranged substantially equally.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 is related to the heat storage amount when the amount of solar radiation is not sufficient, it is considered that a larger number is desirable.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 is excessive as compared with the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222, the heat transfer from the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 to the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 is reduced. It becomes difficult to store heat without leaving a solid phase in the heat storage unit 221.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 is less than the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222, the amount of heat stored in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 is reduced.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are arranged substantially equally, thereby ensuring the amount of heat stored in the heat storage unit 20 and ensuring the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221. We are aiming for a good heat storage.
  • the stored heat is used.
  • the phase change temperature (melting point) of the latent heat storage material in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 is uneven, and the temperature of the hot water generated thereby may be uneven depending on the location.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are soaked by the heat pipe 40, and therefore when the heat is extracted from each of the heat storage units 221 and 222, the heat pipe 40 is used.
  • Heat can be evenly applied to the water in the connecting pipe 35 through, and unevenness due to the location of the supplied hot water temperature can be suppressed. Further, when only the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 has completed heat storage and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 is not storing heat, the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 does not change phase and is not maintained at a constant temperature. There may be unevenness in the exchange temperature, and the temperature of the hot water generated thereby may also vary depending on the location. However, even in this case, in the present embodiment, the low-melting-point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high-melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are soaked by the heat pipe 40, and therefore heat is transferred from the heat storage units 221 and 222. When taking out, heat can be equally given to the water in the connecting pipe 35 through the heat pipe 40, and unevenness due to the location of the supplied hot water temperature can be suppressed.
  • the heat storage device 20 includes the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222, and the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 222 are averaged by the heat pipe 40. Since it has been heated, unevenness in the heat exchange temperature in the heat exchanger 30 is eliminated.
  • the heat storage units having different melting points, and there is no problem even if the low melting point latent heat storage unit and the high melting point latent heat storage unit are biased, and the low melting point latent heat storage unit and the high melting point latent heat storage unit As long as each is thermally connected to the heat pipe, the heat storage units may be in direct contact with each other at one end.
  • the heat storage unit 20 includes a low melting point latent heat storage unit 223 and a high melting point latent heat storage unit 224, 224 is laminated in the height (thickness) direction.
  • the high melting point latent heat storage unit 224 is disposed on the base plate 31 such that the lower surface 224B is in contact with the base plate 31, and the low melting point latent heat storage unit 223 is placed on the high melting point latent heat storage unit 224, respectively. However, it arrange
  • the low-melting-point latent heat storage unit 223 and the high-melting-point latent heat storage unit 224 are formed so that the height when they are stacked is substantially the same as the height of the fins 32.
  • the regenerator 20 includes a low melting point latent heat storage unit 223 and a high melting point latent heat storage unit 224 having latent heat storage materials having different melting points, and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 224 is disposed on the base plate 31.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 223 was stacked on the melting point latent heat storage unit 224, and the heat collecting plate 11 was disposed on the low melting point latent heat storage unit 223.
  • the solar heat collected by the heat collecting plate 11 is used for the latent heat storage of the low melting point latent heat storage unit 221 in contact with the heat collecting plate 11, and in this order, the low melting point heat storage material and then the high melting point heat storage material.
  • Latent heat can be stored. Therefore, even if the amount of solar radiation is small, heat can be stored without leaving a solid phase in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 223, so that solar heat can be used efficiently even in cloudy weather.
  • FIG. 11 is a plan view of a solar water heater 210 according to the sixth embodiment.
  • the configuration is different from that of the solar water heater 80 according to the third embodiment in that the heat storage unit 90 includes two types of heat storage units 191 and 192 having latent heat storage materials having different melting points. Since the other configuration is the same as that of the solar-heat-utilizing water heater 80, the same reference numeral is assigned to the same configuration, and description thereof is omitted.
  • the heat accumulator 90 includes a low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 including a low melting point heat storage material, and a high melting point higher than the low melting point heat storage material in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191.
  • a high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 including a melting point heat storage material including a melting point heat storage material.
  • Examples of the combination of the low melting point heat storage material and the high melting point heat storage material include a combination of sodium acetate trihydrate and barium hydroxide octahydrate, sodium thiosulfate pentahydrate and magnesium hydroxide 6 A combination of hydrates can be used.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 are sandwiched between adjacent fins 102 and 102, respectively, and the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 are connected to the heat exchanger 100.
  • the connecting pipes 105 are alternately arranged in the extending direction (row direction). Further, the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 are arranged substantially equally.
  • the heat accumulator 90 includes a low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and a high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 having latent heat storage materials having different melting points in the extending direction (row direction) of the connecting pipe 105 of the heat exchanger 100. By arranging them alternately, it is possible to store heat without leaving a solid phase in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 even if the amount of solar radiation is small, so that solar heat can be used efficiently even in cloudy weather.
  • the arrangement configuration of the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 is not limited to FIG.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 may be arranged separately on one end side and the other end side of the connecting pipe 105 of the heat exchanger 100.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 is disposed on the inlet header 103 side (upstream side)
  • the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 is disposed on the outlet header 104 side (downstream side).
  • the heat pipe 120 is not provided, when the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 are arranged separately, the solar heat collected by the heat collecting plate 11 is uniformly transmitted to each heat storage unit. Therefore, heat is not preferentially stored in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191, but is also stored in the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 at the same time. In contrast, in this configuration, the heat pipe 120 is used to equalize the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192, so that the heat storage of the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 proceeds.
  • the sensible heat of the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 can be transported to the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and preferentially stored in the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191.
  • the heat pipe 120 in this way, restrictions on the arrangement of the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 can be eliminated.
  • the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 is disposed on the inlet header 103 side (upstream side), and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 is disposed on the outlet header 104 side (downstream side).
  • heat can be extracted from each of the low melting point latent heat storage unit 191 and the high melting point latent heat storage unit 192 with a uniform heat density. Therefore, since the latent heat storage material on the upstream side of the flow of water does not end the release of latent heat first, there is an effect that the time change of the supplied hot water temperature becomes small.
  • the thermal storage 90 of the solar-heat utilization water heater 80 concerning 3rd Embodiment demonstrated as a structure provided with the several thermal storage unit which has a thermal storage material from which melting
  • it may be applied to the solar water heaters 50 and 130 according to other embodiments.
  • the solar water heater 150 is disposed in a place where the solar radiation is easily received (for example, the roof), and as shown in FIG. 13A, the solar heat collector 10 that collects solar heat by receiving solar radiation, A heat accumulator 60 that receives and stores solar heat emitted from the solar heat collector 10 and receives heat emitted from the heat accumulator 60 or the solar heat collector 10 to the outside (in this embodiment, tap water).
  • the solar heat collector 10, the heat accumulator 60, and the heat exchanger 30 are stacked in the height (thickness) direction.
  • the regenerator 60 is disposed on the heat exchanger 30, and the solar heat collector 10 is disposed on the regenerator 60. For this reason, the installation area of the solar-heat utilization water heater 150 can be restrained, and the said solar-heat utilization water heater 150 can be reduced in size.
  • the heat exchanger 30 includes a base plate 31 formed in a plate shape and a plurality of fins 32, 32... Standing on the base plate 31.
  • the base plate 31 and the fins 32 are formed of, for example, a metal having excellent thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum or an alloy made of the above metal, and the fins 32 are screwed at a predetermined interval on the base plate 31. It is fixed by a stop. Note that the base plate 31 and the fins 32 may be integrally formed. These fins 32 are formed at substantially the same height, and the solar heat collector 10 is fixed to the upper end portion of the fins 32. As shown in FIG.
  • the heat exchanger 30 includes a plurality of inlet headers 33 and outlet headers 34 arranged in the direction in which the fins 32 extend, and a plurality of inlet headers 33 and outlet headers 34.
  • the connecting pipes 36 are provided.
  • Each of the connecting pipes 36 is formed of, for example, a metal having excellent thermal conductivity such as copper or aluminum or an alloy made of the above metal, and is fixed to the lower surface of the base plate 31.
  • the inlet header 33 is connected to a water supply pipe as a water supply source, and the outlet header 34 is connected to a hot water supply pipe connected to a hot water outlet.
  • a mixing pipe branched from a water supply as a water supply source may be connected to the hot water supply pipe. The hot water can be adjusted to an appropriate temperature by mixing the hot water flowing through the hot water supply pipe with the clean water through the mixing pipe.
  • the solar heat collector 10 includes a heat collecting plate 11 that is formed in a plate shape that is substantially the same size as the base plate 31 and that has been subjected to a surface treatment that increases the light absorption rate. It is fixed on the fin 32.
  • the heat collecting plate 11 is formed of a metal material having excellent heat conductivity like the base plate 31, the fins 32 and the connecting pipe 35 of the heat exchanger 30 described above, and the solar heat collected by the heat collecting plate 11 is The heat is transmitted to the heat exchanger 30 through the plurality of fins 32.
  • the heat accumulator 60 collects the solar heat collected by the solar heat collector 10 and transmitted to the heat exchanger 30.
  • the heat accumulator 60 includes a plurality of subdivided heat storage units 61, 61..., And these heat storage units 61 are arranged side by side between the adjacent fins 32 and 32.
  • Each heat storage unit 61 is formed by packing a latent heat storage material with a bag-like laminate material, and as shown in FIG. 13A, the upper surface 61A and the lower surface 61B of the heat storage unit 61 are respectively connected to the heat collecting plate 11 and It is formed at a height (thickness) in contact with the base plate 31.
  • the heat collecting plate 11 and the base plate 31 are each provided with a plurality of protrusions (not shown) for holding the heat storage unit 61, and the heat storage unit 61 is disposed between the heat collecting plate 11 and the base plate 31. And the heat transfer characteristics between the heat collecting plate 11 and the base plate 31 and the heat storage unit 61 can be improved. Therefore, solar heat transmitted from the heat collecting plate 11 and the base plate 31 can be efficiently stored in the latent heat storage material in the heat storage unit 61.
  • the latent heat storage material has a property of storing or releasing heat by using latent heat at the time of melting or solidification.
  • sodium acetate trihydrate is used as the latent heat storage material, but is not particularly limited as long as it has the above-described properties.
  • magnesium chloride hexahydrate, barium hydroxide, Octahydrate, sodium thiosulfate ⁇ pentahydrate, magnesium nitrate ⁇ hexahydrate, paraffin, xylitol, etc., and mixtures thereof can be used.
  • the heat storage density becomes larger than the method using sensible heat such as water, so that the heat storage 60 can be downsized. Furthermore, since the heat storage unit 61 divided by packing the latent heat storage material with a laminate material is arranged on the base plate 31, the height (thickness) of the solar water heater 1 can be kept low. The solar water heater 1 can be downsized.
  • the latent heat storage material has a property that when it is cooled after solar heat storage, it becomes a so-called supercooled state and does not solidify even if it is cooled to a temperature below the freezing point and heat radiation does not start.
  • the heat accumulator 60 is provided with a heat generation trigger mechanism 22 (FIG. 14) that stimulates the heat storage units 61 to induce heat generation (coagulation).
  • the heat generation trigger mechanism 22 is disposed independently of each other in each heat storage unit, and includes an energization line that contacts the latent heat storage material in the heat storage unit 61, and an operation switch for applying a voltage to the latent heat storage material through the energization line. Is provided.
  • the operation switch is operated to stimulate the latent heat storage material to release the supercooled state of the latent heat storage material in the heat storage unit 61, and the latent heat storage material solidifies.
  • the heat stored in the latent heat storage material is released from the latent heat storage material to the base plate 31 of the heat exchanger 30.
  • the means for stimulating the heat storage unit 61 is not limited to applying a voltage.
  • the laminate material is a bag-like container made of a thin film-like member, and is made of a resin such as polypropylene (PP), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
  • PP polypropylene
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • the heat storage unit 61 is divided into small portions by packing the latent heat storage material with a bag-like laminate material, the heat storage unit 61 can easily handle the latent heat storage material that liquefies during heat storage, and can be easily placed on the base plate 31. While being able to arrange the heat storage unit 61, a large heat transfer area of the heat storage unit 61 can be secured, heat transfer efficiency can be improved, and heat can be quickly taken out.
  • the connecting pipe 36 that connects the inlet header 33 and the outlet header 34 of the heat exchanger 30 is more outlet header than the end portion 36A on the inlet header 33 side.
  • the end portion 36B on the 34 side is formed large, and gradually increases in diameter from the inlet header 33 toward the outlet header 34, as shown in FIG.
  • the size of the diameter of the end portion 36B on the outlet header 34 side is determined by the flow rate, flow rate, and the like of water flowing through the connection pipe 36.
  • the inlet header 33, the outlet header 34, and the plurality of connecting pipes 36 constitute a heat equalizing member.
  • the heat accumulator 60 is disposed on the heat exchanger 30, and the solar heat collector 10 is disposed on the heat accumulator 60. For this reason, the installation area of the solar-heat utilization water heater 150 can be restrained, and the said solar-heat utilization water heater 150 can be reduced in size.
  • the heat exchanger 30 includes a plurality of fins 32 and 32 erected on the base plate 31, and the heat collecting plate 11 of the solar heat collector 10 is disposed on the fins 32 and 32. The solar heat collected by the heat collecting plate 11 is transmitted to the base plate 31 through the fins 32, 32, so that the heat can be efficiently stored in the heat storage unit 61 disposed on the base plate 31.
  • the connecting pipes 36 gradually increase in diameter from the inlet header 33 toward the outlet header 34, the flow rate of the water flowing through the connecting pipe 36 becomes slower toward the downstream side, so that a plurality of heat storage units 61 are provided. Heat can be taken out evenly. As a result, it is possible to prevent a part of the heat storage units 61 from releasing the heat first and stop the supply of the heat to the hot water in the middle, thereby supplying the heat through the heat exchanger 30. The temporal fluctuation of the hot water temperature can be suppressed.
  • each of the heat storage units 61 of the heat storage device 60 is configured to include the same type of latent heat storage material that generates supercooling, but is not limited thereto, and the heat storage device 60 has latent heat storage with different melting points.
  • the heat storage device 60 has latent heat storage with different melting points.
  • it is good also as a structure provided with the multiple types of heat storage unit which has material.
  • At least the heat accumulator and the heat exchanger may be accommodated in a case body (not shown), and the entire case body may be arranged on the roof.
  • a case body (not shown), and the entire case body may be arranged on the roof.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention vise à procurer un chauffe-eau solaire qui a un excellent rendement d'échange de chaleur et qui est apte à réduire une fluctuation de la température de l'eau chauffée délivrée. A cet effet, l'invention porte sur un chauffe-eau solaire, lequel chauffe-eau comporte un collecteur de chaleur solaire (10), un accumulateur de chaleur (20) qui stocke une chaleur collectée par le collecteur de chaleur solaire (10), et un échangeur de chaleur (30) qui chauffe de l'eau à l'aide de chaleur stockée par l'accumulateur de chaleur (20). L'accumulateur de chaleur (20) est divisé en multiples unités de stockage de chaleur (21, 21, …) comportant un matériau de stockage de chaleur latente. Le chauffe-eau solaire comporte une pompe à chaleur (élément d'égalisation de température) (40) conçue pour égaliser la température parmi les multiples unités de stockage de chaleur (21).
PCT/JP2012/059767 2011-11-08 2012-04-10 Chauffe-eau solaire Ceased WO2013069318A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

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JP2013542870A JP5931086B2 (ja) 2011-11-08 2012-04-10 太陽熱利用温水器
CN201280032908.XA CN103635757B (zh) 2011-11-08 2012-04-10 太阳能热水器

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JP2011244605 2011-11-08
JP2011-244605 2011-11-08

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WO2013069318A1 true WO2013069318A1 (fr) 2013-05-16

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JP6155069B2 (ja) * 2013-03-28 2017-06-28 東京瓦斯株式会社 太陽熱利用温水システム
FR3040210B1 (fr) * 2015-08-20 2019-09-06 Hutchinson Ensemble modulaire pour stockeur ou batterie
CN105466266B (zh) * 2015-12-22 2018-04-13 华南理工大学 一种冷热分流的多管程节能蓄热器
JP6591464B2 (ja) * 2017-02-10 2019-10-16 株式会社東芝 蓄熱システム及び蓄熱装置
EP3951307A4 (fr) * 2019-04-03 2022-03-23 Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Dispositif d'échange de chaleur et son procédé de fabrication
RU2761139C1 (ru) * 2020-06-25 2021-12-06 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский государственный аграрный университет - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева" (ФГБОУ ВО РГАУ - МСХА имени К.А. Тимирязева) Устройство для нагревания жидкости солнечной энергией
JP7360588B1 (ja) 2022-08-01 2023-10-13 郁夫 中村 太陽光発電・太陽熱集熱モジュール

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JP2013122370A (ja) 2013-06-20
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CN103635757B (zh) 2016-08-17
JPWO2013069318A1 (ja) 2015-04-02

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