WO2013068596A1 - Method for producing milk protein fibres - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to milk protein micro and super-micro fibres (MPM) and polymer nano fibres (MPN) produced according to a spinning method, in which at least one protein, which is obtained from milk and which can be thermally plasticized, is plasticized using a plasticizing agent, such as for example, water or glycerol at temperatures between room temperature and 140 °C by means of mechanical stress in a spinning system and is spun using a spinneret to obtain the MPN- and MPM fibres.

Description

 METHOD FOR PRODUCING MILK PROTEIN FIBERS

Methods of making polymer nano-fibers (MPN fibers) are described in the literature and known to those skilled in the art. In the context of the present application, this fiber group also includes milk protein micro and superficrofibers (MPM fibers).

Electrospinning processes for producing protein fibers are described, for example, in patents EP 09156540.8 and EP 08162122.9. Centrifuge spinning processes suitable for the production of nanofibers are disclosed, for example, in EP 624 665 A, EP0813622 and EP 1 088 918 A. In these centrifugal spinning processes, the polymer-containing solution or dispersion is placed in a rotating container and discharged by centrifugal forces from the container in the form of fibers.

The German Patent 09170024.5 (BASF) describes a process for the production of coated protein fibers by means of a centrifugal spinning technique, wherein it is essential to the invention that the fibers are contacted during or after their preparation with a 2-cyanoacrylic acid ester. These are thin-bodied or deliberately thickened esters of cyanoacrylic acid, which come in 1 K form as monomers in the trade and react by polymerization reaction in the joint gap to the actual adhesive polymer. From US-A 3,215,725 (1) and DE-A 41 22 475 2-cyanoacrylates of monohydric and dihydric alcohols are known as light stabilizers for plastics and coatings. However, these compounds have the technical disadvantage of a relatively high volatility. In addition, since they are only partially compatible with many organic materials, in particular with polyolefins, they tend to migrate and heat-based Auswitzeffekten especially on heat storage. 2-cyanoacrylates polymerize under the influence of Humidity spontaneously to Polycyanacrytat. They are therefore used as reaction adhesive (super glue). Although patent application 95938395.1 / 0790980 (BASF) describes novel 2-cyanoacrylic acid esters which are intended to avoid the present problems and cyanoacrylic acid is known as wound closure, cyanoacrylates, which can also be added with epoxy resin, acrylates, etc., are regarded as having the rapid risk of curing health.

This can be a problem, especially in medical applications, if the nanofibers are to allow the penetration of the skin and the absorption of drugs and thus toxicological substances are absorbed by the skin. To improve the water or moisture resistance of polymer or protein fibers or fiber fabrics produced therefrom, various measures are described in the literature.

One possible method is to influence the properties of the polymers by crosslinking reactions.

Despite these known methods, it has hitherto not been possible to impart polymer fibers from renewable raw materials (especially protein-based) without the addition of acrylates and fossil raw materials, a necessary water or moisture resistance, which are vorrausetzend for textile fibers. The use of acrylates and fossil raw materials should be largely avoided for health reasons, if possible.

In addition, the described methods can not be economical and can not be applied industrially. If plastifications are described, then these are associated with a long swelling time before the polymer is brought to the appropriate spin line. This results in uneconomic work.

The invention is based on the object of avoiding the abovementioned disadvantages and of imparting a necessary water or moisture resistance to polymer fiber materials, preferably from renewable raw materials (especially protein-based) and preferably without the addition of acrylates and fossil raw materials. The invention is intended in particular to reduce the processing time and the use of chemicals, wherein the MPN and MPM fibers are preferably and largely to be produced from renewable or biodegradable raw materials. At the same time, water and energy consumption are to be reduced and productivity increased.

The object is achieved by a method according to the claims.

The present invention is directed to MPN and MPM fibers made by a continuous or discontinuous process from a composition comprising destructured milk proteins, biodegradable thermoplastic polymers and plasticizers.

In this case, at least one protein obtained from milk or a protein produced by bacteria is optionally plasticized together with a plasticizer at temperatures between room temperature and 140 ° C under mechanical stress.

The invention is based on the finding that the milk proteins and in particular casein and its derivatives are plasticized and processed in this way. It is preferably provided that the plasticizing takes place at temperatures preferably up to 140 ° C.

For an even more gentle treatment, the protein is intensively mixed or kneaded together with a plasticizer and subjected to mechanical stress. The required plasticizing temperature is significantly reduced by the plasticizer.

The milk protein is preferably casein or lactalbumin or soy protein.

The milk-derived protein can be produced in situ by precipitation from milk. For this purpose, according to a first procedure, the milk in mixture with rennet, other suitable enzymes or acid introduced directly as a flocculated mixture in the process or the pressed flocculated protein can be used wet. According to another possible method procedure, a separately previously obtained, optionally treated pure or mixed protein, ie a Protein fraction can be used from milk, eg dried as a powder.

The protein fraction can also be produced by ultrafiltration or by cell cultures. In addition, the milk proteins, for example, with additional salts such as sodium, and potassium can be modified in further processing steps, so that a casein arises.

The milk protein used according to the invention can be mixed with other proteins in a proportion of preferably up to 70% by weight, based on the milk protein. For this example, other albumins, such as ovalbumin and vegetable proteins, in particular lupine protein, soybean or wheat proteins, in particular gluten come into question.

The mixture of solvent and protein is heated, usually under pressure conditions and shear, to accelerate the crosslinking process. Chemical or enzymatic agents can also be used to destructivate and crosslink the milk proteins, oxidize or derivatize, etherify, saponify, and esterify. Usually, milk proteins are destructured by dissolving the milk proteins in water. The milk proteins are completely destructed if there are no clumps affecting the fiber spinning process.

A plasticizer can be used in the present invention to make the milk proteins more destructive and to allow the milk proteins to flow, ie to produce thermoplastic milk proteins. The same plasticizer or other plasticizer can be used to increase melt processability, or two separate plasticizers are used. The plasticizers can also improve the flexibility of the final products, believed to be due to the lowering of the glass transition temperature of the composition by the plasticizer. The plasticizers are substantially compatible with the polymeric components of the present invention so that the plasticizers can effectively modify the properties of the composition. As used herein, the term "substantially compatible" means that the plasticizer, when heated to a temperature above the softening and / or melting temperature of the composition, is capable of forming a substantially homogeneous mixture with milk proteins. The plasticizer is preferably water used in a proportion of between 20 and 80% based on the weight of the protein, preferably in a proportion of about 40 to 50% by weight of the protein content.

Instead of the water or in a mixture with it, other plasticizers, in particular alcohols, polyalcohols, carbohydrates in aqueous solution and in particular aqueous polysaccharide solutions can be used.

Specifically, the following plasticizers and associated proportions by weight are preferred: hydrogen bridge-forming organic compounds having no hydroxyl group, e.g. Urea and derivatives, animal proteins, e.g. Gelantine, - vegetable proteins such as e.g. Cotton, soybean, and sunflower proteins, esters of generating acids which are biodegradable, e.g. Citric acid, adipic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, hydrocarbon-based acids, e.g. Ethylene acrylic acid, ethylene maleic acid, butadiene acrylic acid, butadienemalic acid, propylene acrylic acid, propylene maleic acid, sugar, e.g. Maltose, lactose, sucrose, fructose, maltodextrin, glycerol, pentaerythritol and sugar alcohols, e.g. Malite, mannitol, sorbitol, xylitol, polyols, e.g. Hexanetriol, glycols and the like, also mixtures and polymers, - sugar anhydrides, e.g. Sorbitan, esters, e.g. Glycerol acetate, (mono, - di, triacetate) dimethyl and diethyl succinate and related esters, glycerol propionates, (mono, di, tripropionate) butanoates, stearates, phthalate esters. These are non-limiting examples of hydroxylic plasticizer. Important influencing factors are the affinity for the proteins, the amount of protein and the molecular weight. Glycerine and sugar alcohols are among the most important plasticizers. Parts by weight of plasticizers are e.g. 5% - 55%, but may also be in the range of 2% - 75%. Any of alcohols, polyols, esters and polyesters may be used in proportions by weight, preferably up to 30% in the polymer blend.

Of particular importance for the polymer blend are the Theological properties, so that a good processing is possible. Strain-strain solidification is necessary to form a stable polymer structure. The melting temperature is usually in a temperature range of 30 ° C to 190 ° C. Additional temperatures should be lowered with diluents and plasticizers.

The biodegradability of polymers, ie their decomposition by living things and Their enzymes, is an important property of polymeric MPN and MP fibers.

Biodegradable thermoplastic polymers suitable for use in the present invention include, for example, lactic acid polymers, lactide polymers, glycolide polymers, including their homo- and copolymers, and mixtures thereof; aliphatic polyesters of dibasic diols / acids; aliphatic polyesteramides, aromatic polyesters, also of modified polyethylene terephthalates and polybutylene terephthalates; polycaprolactones; aliphatic / aromatic copolyesters; Poly (3-hydroxyalkanoates), including those copolymers and / or other -valerates, - hexanoates and alkanoates, polyesters and dialkanoyl polymers, polyamides and copolymers of polyethylene / vinyl alcohol.

As the biodegradable thermoplastic polymer for this invention, for example, and preferably, polyvinyl alcohol and copolymers, aliphatic amide and ester copolymers composed of monomers such as e.g. Dialcohols (1, 4-butanediol, 1, 3-propanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, etc.) or ethylene and diethylene glycol, aliphatic polyester amides, (aliphatic esters are formed with aliphatic amides) or other reactions such. Lactic acid with diamines and dicarboxylic acid dichlorides, diols with carboxylic acids, caprolactone and caprolactam, or ester prepolymers with diisocyanates, dicarboxylic acids, especially succinic, oxalic and adipic acid and their esters, hydroxycarboxylic acids, lactones, amino alcohols (eg ethanolamine, propanolamine), cyclic lactams, - aminocarboxylic acids (eg Aminocaproic acid), dicarboxylic acids and diamines (eg salt mixtures of dicarboxylic acids) and mixtures thereof. Polyester such as e.g. Oligoesters can also be used.

Polybuylensuccinat / adipate copolymer; polyalkylene; Polypentamethylsuccinate; Polyhexamethylsuccinate; Polyheptamethylsuccinate; Polyoctamethylsuccinate; Polyalkylene oxalates such as polyethylene oxalate and polybutylene oxalate polyalkylene succinate copolymers such as polyethylene succinate-adipate copolymer and polyalkylene oxalate copolymers such as polybutylene oxalate / succinate copolymer and polybutylene oxalate adipate copolymer; Polybutylene oxalate / succinate / adipate terpolymers; and mixtures thereof are non-limiting examples of aliphatic polyesters of dibasic acids / diols prepared, for example, from polymerizations of acids and alcohols or ring-opening reactions and suitable for the production of a polymer. Another possibility for use in the production of biodegradable polymers are aliphatic / aromatic copolyesters. These are derived from dicarboxylic acids (and derivatives) such as malonic, succinic, glutaric, adipic, pimelic, azelaic, sebacic, fumaric, 2,2-dimethylglutaric, suberic, 1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic , 1,4-Cyclohexanedicarboxylic, 1,3-cyclohexanedicarboxylic, diglycol, itaconic, maleic, 2,5-norbornanedicarboxylic, 1,4-terephthalic, 1,3-terephthalic, 2,6-naphthoic acid -, 1, 5-naphthoic acid, ester-forming derivatives and mixtures thereof and diols, for example ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1, 3-propanediol, 2,2-dimethyl-1, 3-propanediol, 1, 3-butanediol , 1, 4-butanediol,, 5-pentanediol, 1, 6-hexanediol, 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,6-hexanediol, thiodiethanol, 1,3-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 2,2, 4,4-tetramethyl-1,3-cyclobutanediol and combinations thereof formed in a condensation reaction. Examples of such aliphatic / aromatic copolyesters include blends of poly (tetramethylene glutarate-co-terephthalate), poly (tetramethylene glutarate-co-terephthalate), poly (tetramethylene glutarate-co-terephthalate), poly (tetramethylene glutarate-co-terephthalate), poly (tetramethylene glutarate). co-terephthalate-co-diglycolate), poly (ethylene glutarate-co-terephthalate), poly (tetramethylene adipate-co-terephthalate), an 85/15 blend of poly (tetramethylene succinate-co-terephthalate), poly (tetramethylene-co-ethylene-glutarate-co terephthalate), poly (tetramethylene-co-ethylene-glutarate-co-terephthalate).

The processability of the protein mass can be modified by other materials to influence the physical and mechanical properties of the protein mass, but also of the final product. Non-limiting examples include thermoplastic polymers, crystallization accelerators or inhibitors, odor masking agents, crosslinking agents, emulsifiers, salts, lubricants, surfactants, cyclodextrins, lubricants, other optical brighteners, antioxidants, processing aids, flame retardants, dyes, pigments, fillers, proteins and their alkali salts, waxes, Adhesive resins, extenders and mixtures thereof. These adjuvants are bound to the protein matrix and influence their properties.

Salts can be added to the melt. Non-limiting examples of salts include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium sulfate, ammonium sulfate, and mixtures thereof. Salts can affect the solubility of the protein in water, but also the mechanical properties. Salts can act as a binder between the Serve protein molecules.

On the other hand, lubricants can affect the stability of the polymer. These can reduce the stickiness of the polymer and reduce the coefficient of friction. Polyethylene would be a non-limiting example.

The physical properties of the polymer composition can be influenced by other proteins, including without limitation, vegetable proteins, such as sunflower protein or animal, such as gelatin. Water-soluble polysaccharides and water-soluble synthetic polymers, such as polyacrylic acids, can also affect the mechanical properties.

Monoglycerides and diglycerides and phosphatides, as well as other animal and vegetable fats can influence and promote the flow properties of the biopolymer.

Inorganic fillers are also among the possible additives and can be used as processing agents. Examples of limiting without use are oxides, silicates, carbonates, lime, clay, limestone and kieselguhr, and inorganic salts. Stearate-based salts and rosin can be used to modify the protein mixture.

Amino acids, the components of the proteins and peptides may be added to the polymer composition to enhance particular sheet structures or mechanical properties. Without limitation, glutamic acid, histidine, trytophan, etc. are mentioned as examples.

Other additives include enzymes, surfactants, acids, serpins, both phenolic plant molecules, which can contribute to crosslinking, to improve the mechanical properties, as well as resistance to water and protease resistance.

Other additives may be desirable, depending on the particular end use of the intended product. For example, wet strength is a necessary feature in most products. Therefore, it is necessary to add wet strength resins as a crosslinking agent. Other natural polymers can also be added as additives. Possible examples of natural polymers, without limitation, would be albumins, soy protein, zein protein, chitosan and cellulose.-polylactide "and" PLA "which can be used in an amount of 0.1% -80%.

In addition to natural polymers, it is also possible to use other synthetic polymers, such as inter alia polyvinyl alcohol, and also polyesters, or ethers, such as polyethylene glycol, aldehydes, such as glutaraldehyde and acrylic acids.

These include non-degradable polymers, which are used depending on the end use of the MPN and MPM fibers. These include thermoplastics which may be used for copolymerization without limitation, e.g. Polypropylene, polyethylene, polyamides, polyesters and copolymers thereof. Other high molecular weight polymers are also possible.

Carbohydrates and polysaccharides, as well as amyloses, oligosaccharides and chenodeoxycholic acids can be used as further auxiliaries and additives.

Salts, carboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids and carbonates, as well as their anhydrides, salts and esters can also be used as additional crosslinkers. Hydroxyde, butyl ester, as well as aliphatic hydrocarbons are other ways to cross-link molecules and form macromolecules.

The addition of other substances is not excluded. Specifically, additives and auxiliaries, such as lipophilic, hydrophobic, hydrophilic, hydroscopic additives, gloss modifiers and crosslinkers may be provided. The additives and auxiliaries should overall not exceed a proportion by weight of preferably up to about 30% by weight, based on the protein. As lipophilic additives vegetable oils, alcohols, fats and can be chosen, which easily hydrophobicize the fiber during the plasticizing. Furthermore, waxes and fats can be used, which give the fiber additional strength. As waxes are preferred carnauba wax, beeswax, candelilla wax and other naturally derived waxes.

After formation of the MPN and MPM fiber, the fiber may be further treated or the bonded fabric may be treated. A hydrophilic or hydrophobic Surface treatment can be added to adjust the surface energy and chemical nature of the fabric. For example, hydrophobic MPN and MPM fibers can be treated with wetting agents to facilitate the absorption of aqueous liquids. A bonded fabric may also be treated with a topical solution containing surfactants, pigments, lubricants, salt, enzymes, or other materials to further adjust the surface properties of the MPN and MPM fibers.

In order for the MPM and MPN fiber or fabrics to meet the increased requirements of improved properties for a particular purpose, they are preferably made with a nano-centrifuge spinning line, in addition to the previously known and described manufacturing methods, to increase productivity. For this purpose, the spinning mass, also referred to as a spinning solution or a spinnable solution, is prepared with the required viscosity for the nano-centrifuge spinning process. The dope is prepared by the continuous or batch processes known from the literature and the person skilled in the art, preferably by mixing or extruding a premix with the addition of additives or mixing the dope by adding the raw materials and additives during mixing or extrusion.

The production of MPN-Fasem can be prepared by known methods z. Example, by an electrospinning or a centrifugal spinning process, forces spinning, melt-blow spinning or a nano-centrifuge spinning process.

The process, which uses water as a solvent and plasticizer, prevents any labor law, toxicological and licensing difficulties.

Due to the plasticization, the spinning mass corresponds to a polymer in which the materials are converted by heating in a plastic state and deformed in this way. The temperature exceeds the glass transition temperature of the protein, so that it passes from the amorphous to the rubbery plastic state.

After the exit of the MPN and MPN fiber, for example from the spinneret, it can be further processed directly, preferably into a fiber fabric. Alternatively, the molded PN and MPM fibers may be further processed into a multiple yarn after being exited from the die, or at least in a later processing step, in particular, spun, shot into a batt, or further processed into a nonwoven web.

In order to improve the possibilities of the properties of the described fibers, it is possible to work with bicomponents before and after the exit of the spinning mass from the nozzle.

In a further development of the invention, the MPN and MPM fiber can also pass through a bath as a further treatment, although this procedure is not particularly preferred and as a rule is not necessary. Alternatively, the fiber may be subjected to a spray treatment after exiting the nozzle. Here, for example, smoothing agents, waxes, lipophilic or crosslinking agents can be applied to the surface of the fiber. In the case of crosslinkers, those given above are preferred, that is to say generally different salt solutions, preferably calcium chloride solution, dialdehyde starch solution, or aqueous lactic acid. An alternative to a gas treatment or an ice treatment or a drying and blowing treatment or an ion treatment or a UV treatment or an enzyme treatment, and a renaturation by salts or esterification, etherification, saponification or other crosslinking, and a needling and Wasserstrahlverfestigungsverfahren and the Kaladrieren etc be subjected to.

The obtained MPN and MPM fibers and the products made therefrom can be used for all conceivable purposes. They can therefore be processed into all types of textile fabrics, woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, crocheted fabrics, yarns, ropes, nonwovens, felts, etc., and can also be further processed accordingly, eg coated. The MPN and MPM fiber and fiber fabrics according to the invention can be used in numerous fields of application and consist wholly or partly of the fiber fabrics, for example themselves as a coating and / or component. They can be used as non-wovens or nonwovens, in particular in the cosmetics, textiles, medical devices, hygiene and cleaning products, cell culture and catalyst carriers as well as bubbles, filter and membrane parts, coalescers, etc. Furthermore, wadding, wound dressings, implants, loose fiber insulation materials, lightweight construction materials and leather-skin-like fiber fabrics are made from the MPN and MPM fibers according to the invention available.

The multi-constituent fibers of the present invention can be in many different configurations. Ingredient as used herein by definition means the chemical species or material. Fibers may have a monocomponent or multicomponent configuration. Component as used herein is defined as a separate part of the fiber that is in spatial relationship with another part of the fiber.

The advantages achieved by the invention include the fact that in the production of MPN and MPM fibers according to the invention the reduction of harmful substances and polluting substances during the process and on the fiber itself is made possible. In addition, the fiber is biodegradable.

In addition, significant resources of energy, water, time and manpower can be saved, which increases environmental protection and improves profitability. The particularly advantageous properties of the MPN and MPM fibers are attributed to firming structural changes (textural structure) during the plasticization.

Nanoscale MPN fibers, preferably 80-500 nanometers in diameter, including filaments, fibrous webs, or bicomponents, are preferably made with a nano-centrifuge spinning line to provide maximum productivity. All manufacturing processes described for the skilled person and from the literature for described nanofibers and microfibers, especially the MPM fibers finer than 1 dtex and microsuper fiber finer than 0.3 dtex are possible without exception. Essential to the invention is the preparation of a homogeneously plasticized polymer, preferably a biogenic biopolymer, which is preferably biodegradable. Unfortunately, no fibers have been developed on this basis to date that are water-resistant and sufficiently protease-acid and alkali-resistant. Preferably, the use of petroleum-based raw materials and or organic solvents, especially in fibers with skin contact or even as a wound dressing, as a hygiene or baby items, to name just a few, reduced or even excluded. The preparation of MPN and MPM fibers, which are preferably made from renewable raw materials, with a proportion of milk proteins and having properties such as water resistance, high protease resistance, sufficient mechanical properties, such as tensile strength, tensile strength, elastic, antiallergic, antibacterial and biodegradable , as well as the possibility exists to change the properties of the protein fiber by changing the raw material additions according to the requirements of the purpose of use.

Examples

In the following the invention will be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment. The embodiment is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the invention. The person skilled in the art can find further possible embodiments by varying the parameters on the basis of this exemplary embodiment and with the aid of his specialist knowledge.

Example 1 Production of a Milk Protein Spinning Mass, the extrusion takes place with a twin-screw extruder type 30 E from the company. Collin with a diameter of 30 mm. The MPN fiber is produced by nanocentrifuge spinning technology from the apparatus manufacturer Fa. Dienes.

Heating takes place via 4 cylinder heating zones with the following temperature sequence 65

The casein powder is added via a vibrating trough. A hose pump is used to add water. By further metering devices, the additives are added. The fiber strength is defined by the nozzle thickness. For example For example, the fiber may have a thickness of 80 nm.

The extrusion process and the MPM and MPN centrifugal spinning process are additionally illustrated by FIG. About a metering device 1, the raw materials are metered into the extruder 2 and mixed the polymer composition. The extruded material is then fed to a spinning pump 3 and a nano spin centrifuge 4, where it then undergoes the aftertreatment.

Bezuaszeichenliste

 1 metering device

2 extruders

 3 spinning pump

 4 Nano spinning centrifuge

Claims

claims: 1. Process for the preparation of milk protein nanofibers and / or esofibres (MPN) Fibers), preferably of a diameter in the range of 80nm - 500nm, characterized in that they consist of a homogeneous polymer based on milk-derived proteins, with the addition of a plasticizer with heat input and using electrospinning, centrifuge spinning, forces-spinning, Melt-blown spinning or a nano-centrifuge spinning process, 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the MPN fibers from a homogeneous polymer, preferably a biopolymer made from renewable raw materials, or coated therewith. 3. A process for the preparation of milk protein microfibers and milk protein Microsuperfasern (MPM fibers), preferably having a diameter smaller than 1 dtex, characterized in that the MPM fibers from a homogeneous polymer, preferably a biopolymer made from renewable raw materials, or be coated with it. 4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the manufacturing process for producing the MPN and MPM fibers is carried out continuously or discontinuously. 5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the preparation of the homogeneous polymer, consisting of macromolecules, takes place before the usual spinning process of the MPN and MPM fiber by a continuous or discontinuous process under mechanical stress. 6. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plasticizer is part of the macromolecules. 7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plasticization is carried out in a mixer, kneader, extruder or an injection molding machine. 8. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to the piastifizierenden starting material further additives and auxiliaries are added, optionally by admixing before plasticizing or during the plasticizing. 9. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one milk-derived protein is plasticized together with a plasticizer under mechanical stress and preferably spun through a nozzle into fibers. 0. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plasticizing takes place at temperatures up to 140 ° C. 11. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the protein obtained from milk is either prepared by precipitation from milk in situ or in the form of a previously separately recovered and optionally processed protein or a protein fraction is used. 12. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proteins obtained from milk are obtained from bacteria. 13. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proteins obtained from milk are obtained by gas treatment or filtration. 14. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proteins obtained from milk, in particular casein, lactalbumin, or soy protein, are obtained from goat's milk, sheep's milk, cow's milk or soy milk. 15. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the plasticizer is selected from the group: water, aqueous carbohydrate solution and in particular aqueous polysaccharides, oligosaccharides, proteins, alcohol, polyhydric alcohol, fats, acids, amino acid, peptides, salts, cations, Enzymes or mixtures of these agents, as well as their oxidation. 16. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that The MPN and MPM fibers are dried and post-treated by bathing, spray treatment, gas treatment, ice treatment, drying and blowing treatment, ion treatment, UV treatment, infrared treatment, enzyme treatment, needling and soaking Hydroentangling process, as well as a renaturation by salts or alcohols, esters and ethers, esterification, saponification or etherification or a further crosslinking or coating or calendering be subjected. 17. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer composition, or MPM or MPN fibers during or after the process by chemical or enzymatic means destructured, oxidized, derivatized, etherified, esterified or saponified. 18. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer composition amino acids are added. 19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymer composition with protease inhibitors, preferably enzymes, surfactants, acids, serpins, phenolic molecules of plants and / or polysaccharides is added or post-treated. 20. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the MPN and MPM fibers are prepared by copolymerization of mixtures of two or more different monomers and / or by production of bicomponent or multicomponent fibers. A milk protein fiber product containing MPN and MPM fibers containing a thermomechanically plasticized milk protein, in particular produced by a method according to any one of claims 1 to 20. 22. Use of milk protein fiber products according to claim 21 as a coating and / or component for non-wovens or nonwovens, loose wadding or multiple yarns, in particular in the field of cosmetics, textiles, medical products, hygiene and cleaning products, cell culture and catalyst support and filter and membrane parts ,