WO2013061760A1 - 電極材料およびそれを用いた電池、非水電解質電池、キャパシタ - Google Patents
電極材料およびそれを用いた電池、非水電解質電池、キャパシタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013061760A1 WO2013061760A1 PCT/JP2012/076072 JP2012076072W WO2013061760A1 WO 2013061760 A1 WO2013061760 A1 WO 2013061760A1 JP 2012076072 W JP2012076072 W JP 2012076072W WO 2013061760 A1 WO2013061760 A1 WO 2013061760A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0402—Methods of deposition of the material
- H01M4/0416—Methods of deposition of the material involving impregnation with a solution, dispersion, paste or dry powder
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/043—Processes of manufacture in general involving compressing or compaction
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1395—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
- H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery such as a nonaqueous electrolyte battery used as a power source for a small electronic device, and an electrode material which is a member constituting a capacitor.
- Aluminum is a lightweight material with excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance.
- a positive electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte battery such as a lithium ion battery is used in which an active material such as lithium cobaltate is applied to the surface of an aluminum foil.
- an active material such as lithium cobaltate
- a paste obtained by mixing a conductive agent, a binder resin, or the like with an active material powder such as lithium cobaltate is applied to both surfaces of an aluminum foil, and then dried to produce a positive electrode.
- porous metal bodies having a three-dimensional network structure are used for various filters and battery electrodes.
- cermet made of nickel (manufactured by Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd .: registered trademark) is used as an electrode material for batteries such as nickel metal hydride batteries and nickel cadmium batteries.
- an electrode is produced by filling the metal porous body with a paste formed by mixing a conductive additive, a binder resin, or the like with an active material.
- Patent Document 2 describes an alkaline battery electrode obtained by filling a current collector made of a metal porous body with an active material.
- the aluminum foil of the positive electrode material is made of an aluminum porous body
- the inside of the aluminum porous body can be filled with an active material, so the positive electrode capacity is improved. This is because the active material can be used even if the electrode is thickened, and the active material utilization rate per unit volume is improved.
- an electrode manufacturing method using an aluminum porous body as in the case of an electrode using a nickel porous body, a conductive material, a binder resin, and the like mixed with an active material to form a paste (active material mixture) is a metal. It is conceivable to fill the porous body. More specifically, after filling the sheet-like aluminum porous material with the active material mixture (filling step), the solvent contained in the active material mixture is dried. Further pressing is performed to compress the porous aluminum body in the thickness direction of the sheet (compression process). By this compression step, the volume of the electrode is reduced, and the capacity per unit volume of the positive electrode can be increased. Further, since the contact resistance between aluminum and the active material can be reduced, the utilization factor of the active material is improved.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrode material that can achieve both high capacity and high output, and a battery, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and a capacitor using the electrode material.
- the present invention is an electrode material in which an active material is supported on a sheet-like aluminum porous body, and the aluminum porous body has a skeleton structure including an aluminum layer and having voids therein, and is arranged in the thickness direction of the sheet. wherein the average area of the gap skeleton structure observed in parallel cut is 500 [mu] m 2 or more 6000 .mu.m 2 or less, an electrode material.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a porous aluminum body used in the present invention.
- the skeleton structure 4 is a porous body having a three-dimensional network shape.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing a cross section of the skeleton structure 4 of the aluminum porous body.
- the skeleton structure 4 is made of an aluminum layer 5 and has voids 6 therein.
- the cross section of the skeleton structure 4 is substantially triangular, and the diameter of the skeleton structure, that is, the diameter a of the circle passing through the three vertices of the triangle is about 100 ⁇ m to 250 ⁇ m.
- the cross-sectional shape of the skeletal structure is not limited to this shape, and various shapes such as a circle, an ellipse, and a rectangle can be used.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a state in which an active material is filled in an aluminum porous body.
- the active material 7 is mainly filled outside the skeleton structure 4.
- the porous aluminum body is compressed in the thickness direction of the sheet after being filled with the active material, the skeletal structure 4 is crushed and the area of the internal voids 6 is reduced.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing this state.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte battery using, by the average area of the gap 6 and 500 [mu] m 2 or more 6000 .mu.m 2 or less, the electrolytic solution penetrates into the gap 6 of the framework structure, the internal electrodes The ions in the electrolytic solution are transported to the active material, and high output can be achieved.
- skeleton structure 4 is not filled with an active material, it is better for the area
- the average area of the voids is a value obtained by averaging the areas of 30 voids.
- the thickness b of the aluminum layer 5 is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 50 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the aluminum layer is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the strength of the aluminum porous body becomes weak.
- the thickness of the aluminum layer exceeds 50 ⁇ m, the porosity of the aluminum porous body is lowered. More preferably, they are 3 micrometers or more and 30 micrometers or less, More preferably, they are 5 micrometers or more and 20 micrometers or less.
- the active material is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium nickel cobaltate, lithium manganate, and lithium titanate.
- the present invention also includes a step of preparing a sheet-like aluminum porous body having a skeleton structure that is made of an aluminum layer and has voids therein, a filling step of filling the aluminum porous body with an active material, and the active material being filled.
- a compression step of compressing the porous aluminum body in the thickness direction of the sheet, and an average area of the voids of the skeletal structure observed by cutting in parallel to the thickness direction of the sheet after the compression step is 500 ⁇ m 2 or more
- the manufacturing method of the electrode material which is 6000 micrometers 2 or less is provided. Since the area of the gap after the compression process is 500 [mu] m 2 or more 6000 .mu.m 2 or less, it is possible to improve the output of the battery.
- the average area of the voids of the skeletal structure observed after cutting in parallel to the thickness direction of the sheet after the compression step was observed by cutting in parallel to the thickness direction of the sheet before the compression step.
- the average area of the voids in the skeleton structure is preferably 40% or more.
- the present invention also provides a battery using the above electrode material for one or both of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- a battery electrode material described above it is possible to increase the capacity and output of the battery.
- it can be suitably used for non-aqueous electrolyte batteries such as lithium ion batteries.
- a capacitor using the above electrode material is provided. By using the above electrode material, it is possible to increase the capacity and output of the capacitor.
- an electrode material it is possible to obtain an electrode material, a battery, a nonaqueous electrolyte battery, and a capacitor that can achieve both high capacity and high output.
- FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a manufacturing process of the aluminum porous body, and is a schematic cross-sectional view illustrating a state in which the aluminum porous body is formed using the resin porous body as a core material.
- FIG. 5A is an enlarged schematic view in which the surface of a porous resin body (foamed resin molded body) having a three-dimensional network structure is enlarged as an example of the base resin molded body. The pores are formed with the foamed resin molded body 1 as a skeleton. Next, the surface of the foamed resin molded body is made conductive. By this step, as shown in FIG.
- a thin conductive layer 2 made of a conductive material is formed on the surface of the foamed resin molded body 1.
- aluminum plating in molten salt is performed to form an aluminum plating layer 3 on the surface of the resin molded body on which the conductive layer is formed (FIG. 5C).
- a porous aluminum body having the aluminum molded layer 3 formed on the surface using the resin molded body as a base material is obtained.
- the base resin molded body is removed.
- a porous aluminum body in which only the metal layer remains can be obtained (FIG. 5D).
- a resin porous body having a three-dimensional network structure is prepared.
- Arbitrary resin can be selected as the material of the resin porous body. Examples of the material include foamed resin moldings such as polyurethane, melamine, polypropylene, and polyethylene.
- a resin porous body having an arbitrary shape can be selected as long as it has continuous pores (continuous vent holes).
- the porous resin body preferably has a porosity of 80% to 98% and a pore diameter of 50 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- Foamed urethane and foamed melamine can be preferably used as a porous resin body because they have high porosity, have pore connectivity and are excellent in thermal decomposability. Foamed urethane is preferred in terms of pore uniformity and availability, and foamed melamine is preferred in that a product having a small pore diameter can be obtained.
- the urethane skeleton has a substantially triangular shape in a cross section perpendicular to the extending direction.
- the aluminum layer is formed on the surface of the porous resin body.
- the aluminum layer can be formed by any method such as vapor deposition, sputtering, plasma CVD, or other vapor phase method, aluminum paste coating, or plating method. Since plating of aluminum in an aqueous solution is practically impossible, it is preferable to perform molten salt electroplating in which aluminum is plated in molten salt.
- molten salt electroplating for example, a binary or multicomponent salt of AlCl 3 -XCl (X: alkali metal) is used, and a porous resin body is immersed in the molten material to apply a potential to the aluminum layer. Then, electroplating is performed.
- a eutectic salt of an organic halide and an aluminum halide may be used as the molten salt.
- the organic halide imidazolium salt, pyridinium salt and the like can be used. Of these, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (EMIC) and butylpyridinium chloride (BPC) are preferable.
- EMIC 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride
- BPC butylpyridinium chloride
- the surface of the porous resin body is subjected to a conductive treatment in advance.
- the conductive treatment any method such as electroless plating of a conductive metal such as nickel, vapor deposition and sputtering of aluminum or the like, or application of a conductive paint containing conductive particles such as carbon can be selected.
- the resin is removed to obtain a porous aluminum body.
- the removal of the resin can be performed by any method such as decomposition (dissolution) with an organic solvent, molten salt or supercritical water, or thermal decomposition. Since aluminum, unlike nickel, is difficult to reduce once oxidized, it is preferable to remove the resin by a method in which aluminum is hardly oxidized. For example, a method of removing the resin by thermal decomposition in a molten salt described below is preferably used.
- ⁇ Thermal decomposition in molten salt is performed by the following method.
- a porous resin body having an aluminum plating layer formed on the surface is immersed in a molten salt, and heated while applying a negative potential to the aluminum layer to decompose the porous resin body.
- a negative potential is applied in a state immersed in the molten salt, the porous resin body can be decomposed without oxidizing aluminum.
- the heating temperature can be appropriately selected according to the type of the porous resin body. However, in order not to melt aluminum, it is necessary to treat at a temperature not higher than the melting point of aluminum (660 ° C.). A preferable temperature range is 500 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower.
- the amount of negative potential to be applied is on the minus side of the reduction potential of aluminum and on the plus side of the reduction potential of cations in the molten salt.
- an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal halide salt or nitrate which can lower the electrode potential of aluminum can be used.
- a porous aluminum body having a thin surface oxide layer and a small amount of oxygen can be obtained.
- the aluminum porous body may be in the form of a sheet, and the dimensions are not particularly limited. Considering the ease of work in the subsequent steps, for example, a 1 m width x 200 m length x 1 mm thickness is used.
- active material lithium cobaltate (LiCoO 2 ), lithium manganate (LiMn 2 O 4 ), lithium nickelate (LiNiO 2 ), or the like is used.
- the active material is mixed with a conductive aid such as acetylene black, a binder such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and a solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) to prepare a slurry.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- an electrode is manufactured in the order of a thickness adjusting step, a lead welding step, a slurry filling step, a drying step, a compression step, and a cutting step.
- the thickness adjusting step the sheet-like aluminum porous body is adjusted to a predetermined thickness to reduce thickness variation.
- the active material slurry is filled into the aluminum porous body using a roll. Then, it is dried through a drying furnace to remove the solvent in the active material slurry.
- the porous aluminum body is compressed in the thickness direction of the sheet by passing the roll.
- the void area of the skeleton structure of the porous aluminum body is reduced, and the packing density of the active material is increased.
- the electrode for a nonaqueous electrolyte battery is obtained by cutting in the length direction and the thickness direction as necessary.
- the average area of the voids before and after the compression step is determined by the following method.
- the sheet-like aluminum porous body is cut parallel to the thickness direction of the sheet.
- the cross section is magnified about 300 times with a photomicrograph or the like, and a grid-like line having a width of 5 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m is written on the skeletal structure including voids.
- the number of grids (N 1 ) containing part or all of the voids and the number of grids (N 2 ) containing all the voids are counted, and the area of the void part is calculated by the following equation (1).
- the area of 30 voids is determined, and the average value is taken as the average area.
- Area ( ⁇ m 2 ) lattice area ( ⁇ m 2 ) ⁇ [N 2 + (N 1 ⁇ N 2 ) / 2] (1)
- Average area of the gap is set to 500 [mu] m 2 or more 6000 .mu.m 2 or less. When the average area is large, the electrolyte easily passes through the skeleton, and the discharge capacity of the battery can be increased even when used at a high current. A more preferred range of the average area is 500 [mu] m 2 or more 4000 .mu.m 2 or less. Moreover, since the space
- Nonaqueous electrolyte battery In the non-aqueous electrolyte battery, this electrode is used as a positive electrode, graphite is used as the negative electrode, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which a lithium salt is dissolved is used as the electrolyte.
- ethylene carbonate (EC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone and the like can be used.
- As the lithium salt lithium tetrafluoroborate, lithium hexafluorophosphate, or the like can be used.
- a separator made of a porous polymer film, a nonwoven fabric or the like is disposed between the electrodes, and the non-aqueous electrolyte is impregnated in both electrodes and the separator. Since the aluminum porous body having a large surface area is used as the positive electrode material, the capacity can be improved even with a small electrode area, and the energy density of the battery can be increased. In addition, since all the gaps in the electrode are not compressed and a certain portion remains, the nonaqueous electrolytic solution permeates into the gaps, and high output can be achieved.
- the electrode material of the present invention can also be used as an electrode material for a molten salt battery.
- a cation of a molten salt serving as an electrolyte such as sodium chromate (Na 2 CrO 4 ), sodium chromite (NaCrO 2 ), titanium disulfide (TiS 2 ) as an active material
- a metal compound capable of intercalating is used.
- the active material is used in combination with a conductive additive and a binder.
- acetylene black can be used, and as the binder, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), or the like can be used.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- An active material slurry is prepared by mixing an active material, a conductive additive, a binder, and a solvent, and an electrode material is prepared by filling the active material slurry into an aluminum porous body in the same manner as the electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery.
- molten salt battery A configuration of a molten salt battery using the above electrode material as a positive electrode will be described.
- the negative electrode an electrode material using sodium alone, an alloy of sodium and another metal, carbon or the like as an active material is used.
- the melting point of sodium is about 98 ° C., and the metal softens as the temperature rises. Therefore, it is preferable to alloy sodium with other metals (Si, Sn, In, etc.). Of these, an alloy of sodium and Sn is particularly preferable because it is easy to handle.
- These positive electrode material, negative electrode material and separator are accommodated in a case, and a molten salt is used as an electrolyte.
- molten salt various inorganic salts or organic salts that melt at the operating temperature can be used.
- the molten salt anion include bisfluorosulfonylamide ion (FSA ion) and bistrifluoromethylsulfonylamide ion (TFSA ion), and examples of the molten salt cation include lithium (Li), sodium (Na), and potassium (K).
- alkali metals such as rubidium (Rb) and cesium (Cs)
- alkaline earth metals such as beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr) and barium (Ba)
- Be beryllium
- Mg magnesium
- Ca calcium
- Ba barium
- the electrode material of the present invention can also be used as an electrode material for capacitors such as lithium ion capacitors and electric double layer capacitors.
- activated carbon is filled in the aluminum porous body as an active material. Since the capacity of the capacitor increases as the activated carbon has a larger surface area, activated carbon having a specific surface area of 1000 m 2 / g or more can be preferably used.
- Activated carbon is used in combination with a conductive additive, a binder, and the like, and an active material slurry containing activated carbon is filled in an aluminum porous body in the same manner as a non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrode to produce an electrode material.
- Electrode Two pieces of the above capacitor electrode material are punched out to an appropriate size, and are made to face each other with a separator interposed therebetween.
- a separator it is preferable to use a porous film or non-woven fabric made of cellulose, polyolefin resin, or the like. It is accommodated in a cell case using a necessary spacer and impregnated with an electrolytic solution.
- the electric double layer capacitor can be manufactured by sealing the case with an insulating gasket.
- the electrolytic solution can be used for both aqueous and non-aqueous, but non-aqueous is preferable because the voltage can be set higher.
- potassium hydroxide or the like can be used as an electrolyte, and an ionic liquid can be used as a non-aqueous system.
- an imide compound such as a metal chloride ion, a metal fluoride ion, or bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide Etc.
- organic solvent ethylene carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, or the like can be used.
- lithium tetrafluoroborate lithium hexafluorophosphate, or the like is used.
- a non-aqueous material it is preferable to sufficiently dry materials such as electrodes in order to reduce the moisture in the capacitor as much as possible.
- Lithium ion capacitor A capacitor electrode material in which activated carbon is filled in an aluminum porous body is used as a positive electrode, and a lithium ion capacitor is manufactured by combining with a negative electrode, a separator, and an organic electrolyte.
- the negative electrode is not particularly limited, and a conventional negative electrode for a lithium ion secondary battery can be used. However, a conventional electrode using a copper foil as a current collector has a small capacity. It is preferable to use an electrode in which a porous body made of nickel is filled with an active material. In order to operate as a lithium ion capacitor, it is preferable that the negative electrode is doped with lithium ions in advance. A known method can be used as the doping method.
- a method of attaching a lithium metal foil on the negative electrode surface and immersing it in an electrolytic solution, or arranging an electrode with lithium metal in a lithium ion capacitor and assembling the cell, between the negative electrode and the lithium metal electrode For example, a method in which an electric current is passed to electrically dope.
- the electrolytic solution the same non-aqueous electrolytic solution used for a non-aqueous electrolyte battery can be used.
- the separator it is preferable to use a porous film or non-woven fabric made of cellulose, polyolefin resin, or the like.
- the above positive electrode and negative electrode are opposed to each other with a separator interposed therebetween, and are stored in a cell case using a necessary spacer, and impregnated with an electrolytic solution. Finally, the case is covered and sealed with an insulating gasket, so that a lithium ion capacitor can be produced.
- Example 1 Manufacture of aluminum porous body
- a sheet-like urethane foam having a thickness of 1.0 mm, a porosity of 97%, and a pore diameter of 450 ⁇ m was prepared, dipped in a carbon suspension, and then dried to form a conductive layer having carbon particles attached to the surface.
- the components of the suspension include graphite + carbon black 25%, and include a resin binder, a penetrating agent, and an antifoaming agent.
- the particle size of carbon black was 0.5 ⁇ m.
- a urethane foam having a conductive layer formed on the surface is set as a work piece in a jig having a power feeding function, and then placed in a glove box having an argon atmosphere and low moisture (dew point -30 ° C. or less), and a molten salt bath (33 mol) % EMIC-67 mol% AlCl 3 ).
- a jig on which a workpiece was set was connected to the cathode side of the rectifier, a counter aluminum plate (purity 99.99%) was connected to the anode side, and a direct current was applied to plate aluminum.
- the temperature of the plating bath was 60 ° C.
- a urethane foam having an aluminum plating layer formed on the surface was immersed in a LiCl—KCl eutectic molten salt at a temperature of 500 ° C., and a negative potential of ⁇ 1 V was applied for 5 minutes to decompose and remove the polyurethane to obtain a porous aluminum body. .
- Lithium cobaltate LiCoO 2
- PVDF 88: 6: 6 (mass ratio)
- NMP NMP was further added as a solvent to prepare an active material slurry. This was filled in the aluminum porous body and dried. The thickness of the aluminum porous body filled with the active material was 1.0 mm. A portion of this cross section cut in the thickness direction was observed with an SEM, and the void area of the skeletal structure was determined. An example of a photograph of the skeleton structure is shown in FIG. A grid having a width of 7 ⁇ m is described centering on the void portion of the skeleton structure.
- the same operation was performed for 30 voids, and the average value of the voids was obtained by averaging the obtained values. The average area was 1333 ⁇ m 2 .
- the obtained non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrode was used as a positive electrode, a negative electrode was used as a lithium metal foil, a separator was a glass fiber filter, and a 1 mol / L LiPF 6 EC / DEC solution was used as an electrolytic solution. The capacity was measured. The filling capacity calculated from the filling amount of the active material is 8 mAh / cm 2 .
- Example 2 The aluminum porous body filled with the active material produced in Example 1 was compressed so as to have a thickness of 0.5 mm to produce a nonaqueous electrolyte battery electrode. A cross section obtained by taking a part of the electrode and cutting it in the thickness direction was observed with an SEM to obtain the void area of the skeleton structure. An example of a photograph of the skeleton structure after compression is shown in FIG. A grid having a width of 7 ⁇ m is described centering on the void portion of the skeleton structure.
- the same operation was performed for 30 voids, and the average value of the voids was obtained by averaging the obtained values.
- the average area was 657 ⁇ m 2 .
- the average area before compression is 49% of the average area before compression.
- the filling capacity calculated from the filling amount of the active material is 8 mAh / cm 2 .
- Example 1 A series of operations were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the porous aluminum body filled with the active material was compressed to a thickness of 0.4 mm to produce a nonaqueous electrolyte battery electrode.
- the average area of the voids is 486 ⁇ m 2
- the average area after compression is 36% of the average area before compression
- the filling capacity calculated from the filling amount of the active material is 8 mAh / cm 2 .
- Table 1 The results are summarized in Table 1.
- the 0.2 C discharge capacity of lithium cobalt oxide is about 120 mAh / g. Since the thickness of Example 2 is halved compared to Example 1 and the volume can be reduced, the energy density can be increased while increasing the capacity of the battery. In Comparative Example 1, the void area is less than 500 ⁇ m 2 . It can be seen that when the current is small, the discharge capacity is large, but when the current is large, the discharge capacity is small and high-speed charge / discharge cannot be performed. This is probably because the voids inside the skeleton became too small in the compression process, and it was difficult for the electrolyte solution to pass through the skeleton and the resistance of the electrode increased.
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Abstract
Description
図5はアルミニウム多孔体の製造工程の一例を説明するものであり、樹脂多孔体を芯材としてアルミニウム多孔体を形成する様子を示した断面模式図である。図5(a)は、基体樹脂成形体の例として、三次元網目構造を有する樹脂多孔体(発泡樹脂成形体)の表面を拡大視した拡大模式図である。発泡樹脂成形体1を骨格として気孔が形成されている。次に発泡樹脂成形体表面の導電化を行う。この工程により、図5(b)に示すように発泡樹脂成形体1の表面には薄く導電体による導電層2が形成される。続いて溶融塩中でのアルミニウムめっきを行い、導電層が形成された樹脂成形体の表面にアルミニウムめっき層3を形成する(図5(c))。これで樹脂成形体を基材として表面にアルミニウムめっき層3が形成されたアルミニウム多孔体が得られる。さらに基体樹脂成形体の除去を行う。発泡樹脂成形体1を分解等して消失させることにより金属層のみが残ったアルミニウム多孔体を得ることができる(図5(d))。以下各工程について順を追って説明する。
三次元網目構造を有する樹脂多孔体を準備する。樹脂多孔体の素材は任意の樹脂を選択できる。ポリウレタン、メラミン、ポリプロピレン、ポリエチレン等の発泡樹脂成形体が素材として例示できる。連続した気孔(連通気孔)を有するものであれば任意の形状の樹脂多孔体を選択できる。樹脂多孔体の気孔率は80%~98%、気孔径は50μm~1000μmとするのが好ましい。発泡ウレタン及び発泡メラミンは気孔率が高く、また気孔の連通性があるとともに熱分解性にも優れているため樹脂多孔体として好ましく使用できる。発泡ウレタンは気孔の均一性や入手の容易さ等の点で好ましく、発泡メラミンは気孔径の小さなものが得られる点で好ましい。
気孔率=(1-(多孔質材の重量[g]/(多孔質材の体積[cm3]×素材密度)))×100[%]
また気孔径は樹脂成形体表面を顕微鏡写真等で拡大し、1インチ(25.4mm)あたりの気孔数をセル数として計数して平均孔径=25.4mm/セル数として平均的な値を求める。
樹脂多孔体の表面にアルミニウム層を形成する。アルミニウム層の形成は蒸着、スパッタ、プラズマCVD等の気相法、アルミニウムペーストの塗布、めっき法等任意の方法で行うことができる。水溶液中でのアルミニウムのめっきは実用上ほとんど不可能であるため、溶融塩中でアルミニウムをめっきする溶融塩電解めっきを行うことが好ましい。溶融塩電解めっきは、例えばAlCl3-XCl(X:アルカリ金属)の2成分系あるいは多成分系の塩を使用し、溶融させたもののなかに樹脂多孔体を浸漬し、アルミニウム層に電位を印加して電解めっきをおこなう。溶融塩として有機系ハロゲン化物とアルミニウムハロゲン化物の共晶塩を使用しても良い。有機系ハロゲン化物としてはイミダゾリウム塩、ピリジニウム塩等が使用できる。なかでも1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムクロライド(EMIC)、ブチルピリジニウムクロライド(BPC)が好ましい。電解めっきを行うために樹脂多孔体の表面をあらかじめ導電化処理する。導電化処理はニッケル等の導電性金属の無電解めっき、アルミニウム等の蒸着及びスパッタ、又はカーボン等の導電性粒子を含有した導電性塗料の塗布等任意の方法を選択できる。
次に樹脂を除去してアルミニウム多孔体を得る。樹脂の除去は有機溶媒、溶融塩、又は超臨界水による分解(溶解)、加熱分解等任意の方法で行うことができる。アルミニウムはニッケル等と異なり一旦酸化すると還元処理が困難であるため、アルミニウムの酸化が起こりにくい方法で樹脂を除去することが好ましい。例えば以下説明する溶融塩中での熱分解により樹脂を除去する方法が好ましく用いられる。
活物質としてコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)、マンガン酸リチウム(LiMn2O4)、ニッケル酸リチウム(LiNiO2)等を使用する。活物質をアセチレンブラック等の導電助剤、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)等のバインダー、及びN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)等の溶媒と混合してスラリーを作製する。これらの材料の配合比率は電極の容量、導電性、スラリーの粘度等を考慮して適宜決定される。
面積(μm2)=格子面積(μm2)×[N2+(N1-N2)/2]…(1)
非水電解質電池はこの電極を正極とし、負極には黒鉛、電解質にはリチウム塩を溶かした非水電解液を使用する。非水電解液としてはエチレンカーボネート(EC)、ジエチルカーボネート(DEC)、ジメチルカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、γブチロラクトン等が使用できる。またリチウム塩としては4フッ化ホウ酸リチウム、6フッ化リン酸リチウム等が使用できる。電極間には多孔質ポリマーフィルムや不織布等からなるセパレータが配置され、非水電解液は両極及びセパレータ中に含浸される。表面積の大きいアルミニウム多孔体を正極材料として用いているため、小さい電極面積でも容量を向上でき、電池のエネルギー密度を高くすることができる。また電極内の空隙を全て圧縮せず一定の部分を残しているため、非水電解液が空隙内に浸透し、高出力とすることができる。
本発明の電極材料は溶融塩電池用の電極材料として使用することもできる。溶融塩電池用正極材料として使用する場合は、活物質としてクロム酸ナトリウム(Na2CrO4)、亜クロム酸ナトリウム(NaCrO2)、二硫化チタン(TiS2)等の電解質となる溶融塩のカチオンをインターカレーションすることができる金属化合物を使用する。活物質は導電助剤及びバインダーと組み合わせて使用する。導電助剤としてはアセチレンブラック、バインダーとしてはポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン(PTFE)等が使用できる。活物質、導電助剤、バインダー及び溶剤を混合して活物質スラリーを作製し、非水電解質電池用電極と同様に、活物質スラリーをアルミニウム多孔体に充填して電極材料を作製する。
上記の電極材料を正極として用いた溶融塩電池の構成を説明する。負極には、活物質としてナトリウム単体やナトリウムと他の金属との合金、カーボン等を使用した電極材料を使用する。ナトリウムの融点は約98℃であり、また温度が上がるにつれて金属が軟化するため、ナトリウムと他の金属(Si、Sn、In等)とを合金化すると好ましい。このなかでも特にナトリウムとSnとを合金化したものは扱いやすいため好ましい。これらの正極材料、負極材料及びセパレータをケース内に収納し、電解質として溶融塩を使用する。溶融塩としては、動作温度で溶融する各種の無機塩又は有機塩を使用できる。溶融塩のアニオンとしてはビスフルオロスルフォニルアミドイオン(FSAイオン)やビストリフルオロメチルスルフォニルアミドイオン(TFSAイオン)が例示され、溶融塩のカチオンとしてはリチウム(Li)、ナトリウム(Na)、カリウム(K)、ルビジウム(Rb)及びセシウム(Cs)等のアルカリ金属、ベリリウム(Be)、マグネシウム(Mg)、カルシウム(Ca)、ストロンチウム(Sr)及びバリウム(Ba)等のアルカリ土類金属から選択した1種以上を用いることができる。
本発明の電極材料はリチウムイオンキャパシタや電気二重層キャパシタ等のキャパシタ用の電極材料として使用することもできる。キャパシタ用電極とする場合は、アルミニウム多孔体に活物質として活性炭を充填する。活性炭の表面積が大きい方がキャパシタの容量が大きくなるため、比表面積が1000m2/g以上ある活性炭が好ましく使用できる。活性炭は導電助剤、バインダー等と組み合わせて使用され、非水電解質電池用電極と同様に、活性炭を含む活物質スラリーをアルミニウム多孔体に充填して電極材料を作製する。
上記のキャパシタ用電極材料を適当な大きさに打ち抜いて2枚用意し、セパレータを挟んで対向させる。セパレータはセルロースやポリオレフィン樹脂などで構成された多孔膜や不織布を用いるのが好ましい。必要なスペーサを用いてセルケースに収納し、電解液を含浸させる。最後に絶縁ガスケットを介してケースに蓋をして封口することにより電気二重層キャパシタを作製することができる。電解液は水系、非水系ともに使用できるが、非水系の方が電圧を高く設定できるため好ましい。水系では電解質として水酸化カリウムなどが使用でき、非水系としてはイオン液体が使用できる。イオン液体のカチオンとしては低級脂肪族4級アンモニウム、低級脂肪族4級ホスホニウム及びイミダゾリウム等が使用され、アニオンとしては金属塩化物イオン、金属フッ化物イオン、ビス(フルオロスルフォニル)イミド等のイミド化合物などを使用できる。また有機溶媒としてはエチレンカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等を使用でき、非水電解液中の支持塩としては4フッ化ホウ酸リチウム及び6フッ化リン酸リチウム等が使用される。非水系の材料を使用する場合は、キャパシタ内の水分を限りなく少なくするため、電極などの材料を十分乾燥することが好ましい。
上記の、活性炭をアルミニウム多孔体に充填したキャパシタ用電極材料を正極とし、負極、セパレータ、有機電解液と組み合わせてリチウムイオンキャパシタを作製する。負極としては特に限定されず、従来のリチウムイオン二次電池用負極を使用可能であるが、銅箔を集電体に用いた従来の電極では容量が小さいため、発泡状ニッケルのような銅やニッケル製の多孔体に活物質を充填した電極を使用することが好ましい。またリチウムイオンキャパシタとして動作させるために、あらかじめ負極にリチウムイオンをドープしておくことが好ましい。ドープ方法としては公知の方法を用いることができる。たとえば負極表面にリチウム金属箔を貼り付けて電解液中に浸してドープする方法や、リチウムイオンキャパシタ内にリチウム金属を取り付けた電極を配置し、セルを組み立ててから負極とリチウム金属電極の間で電流を流して電気的にドープする方法などが挙げられる。電解液は非水電解質電池に使用する非水電解液と同様のものを使用することができる。セパレータはセルロースやポリオレフィン樹脂などで構成された多孔膜や不織布を用いるのが好ましい。上記の正極、負極をセパレータを挟んで対向させ、必要なスペーサを用いてセルケースに収納し、電解液を含浸させる。最後に絶縁ガスケットを介してケースに蓋をして封口することによりリチウムイオンキャパシタを作製することができる。
(アルミニウム多孔体の製造)
厚み1.0mm、気孔率97%、気孔径450μmのシート状ウレタン発泡体を準備し、カーボン懸濁液に浸漬した後乾燥して、表面にカーボン粒子が付着した導電層を形成した。懸濁液の成分は、黒鉛+カーボンブラック25%を含み、樹脂バインダー、浸透剤、消泡剤を含む。カーボンブラックの粒径は0.5μmとした。
表面に導電層を形成したウレタン発泡体をワークとして、給電機能を有する治具にセットした後、アルゴン雰囲気かつ低水分(露点-30℃以下)としたグローブボックス内に入れ、溶融塩浴(33mol%EMIC-67mol%AlCl3)に浸漬した。ワークをセットした治具を整流器の陰極側に接続し、対極のアルミニウム板(純度99.99%)を陽極側に接続し、直流電流を印加してアルミニウムをめっきした。めっき浴の温度は60℃とした。
表面にアルミニウムめっき層を形成したウレタン発泡体を温度500℃のLiCl-KCl共晶溶融塩に浸漬し、-1Vの負電位を5分間印加してポリウレタンを分解除去してアルミニウム多孔体を得た。
活物質としてコバルト酸リチウム(LiCoO2)を用い、LiCoO2:アセチレンブラック:PVDF=88:6:6(質量比)の割合で混合し、さらに溶媒としてNMPを加えて活物質スラリーを作製した。これを上記のアルミニウム多孔体に充填して乾燥した。活物質が充填されたアルミニウム多孔体の厚みは1.0mmであった。この一部を取って厚み方向に切断した断面をSEM観察し、骨格構造の空隙面積を求めた。骨格構造の写真の一例を図6に示す。骨格構造の空隙部を中心に7μm幅の格子を記載している。図6左側の空隙では、空隙の一部又は全部が入っている格子の数(N1)は99、空隙が全部入っている格子の数(N2)は51個であり、空隙部分の面積は
7×7(μm2)×[51+(99-51)/2]=49×75=3675(μm2)
となる。また右側の空隙では、空隙の一部又は全部が入っている格子の数(N1)は31、空隙が全部入っている格子の数(N2)は6個であり、空隙部分の面積は
7×7(μm2)×[6+(31-6)/2]=49×18.5=906.5(μm2)
となる。同様の作業を空隙30個分行い、得られた値を平均して空隙の平均面積を求めた。平均面積は1333μm2であった。
得られた非水電解質電池用電極を正極とし、負極をリチウム金属箔、セパレータにガラス繊維フィルタ、電解液に1mol/LのLiPF6のEC/DEC溶液を用いて0.2C放電容量及び2C放電容量を測定した。活物質の充填量から計算した充填容量は8mAh/cm2である。
実施例1で作製した活物質が充填されたアルミニウム多孔体を、厚みが0.5mmとなるように圧縮して非水電解質電池用電極を作製した。電極の一部を取って厚み方向に切断した断面をSEM観察し、骨格構造の空隙面積を求めた。圧縮後の骨格構造の写真の一例を図7に示す。骨格構造の空隙部を中心に7μm幅の格子を記載している。左側の空隙では、空隙の一部又は全部が入っている格子の数(N1)は17、空隙が全部入っている格子の数(N2)は0個であり、空隙部分の面積は
7×7(μm2)×[0+(17-0)/2]=49×8.5=416.5(μm2)
となる。また右側の空隙では、空隙の一部又は全部が入っている格子の数(N1)は18、空隙が全部入っている格子の数(N2)は2個であり、空隙部分の面積は
7×7(μm2)×[2+(18-2)/2]=49×10=490(μm2)
となる。同様の作業を空隙30個分行い、得られた値を平均して空隙の平均面積を求めた。平均面積は657μm2であった。圧縮前の平均面積は圧縮前の平均面積の49%である。また活物質の充填量から計算した充填容量は8mAh/cm2である。
活物質を充填したアルミニウム多孔体を、厚みが0.4mmとなるように圧縮して非水電解質電池用電極を作製したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして一連の操作を行った。空隙の平均面積は486μm2、圧縮後の平均面積は圧縮前の平均面積の36%で、活物質の充填量から計算した充填容量は8mAh/cm2である。以上の結果を表1にまとめる。
2 導電層
3 アルミニウムめっき層
4 骨格構造
5 アルミニウム層
6 空隙
7 活物質
Claims (8)
- シート状のアルミニウム多孔体に活物質を担持した電極材料であって、前記アルミニウム多孔体は、アルミニウム層からなり内部に空隙を有する骨格構造を有しており、シートの厚み方向に平行に切断して観察した該骨格構造の前記空隙の平均面積が500μm2以上6000μm2以下であることを特徴とする電極材料。
- 前記アルミニウム層の厚みが0.5μm以上50μm以下である、請求項1に記載の電極材料。
- 前記活物質がコバルト酸リチウム、ニッケル酸リチウム、ニッケルコバルト酸リチウム、マンガン酸リチウム、及びチタン酸リチウムからなる群から選ばれる1種以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の電極材料。
- アルミニウム層からなり内部に空隙を有する骨格構造を有するシート状のアルミニウム多孔体を準備する工程と、前記アルミニウム多孔体に活物質を充填する充填工程と、前記活物質が充填されたアルミニウム多孔体をシートの厚み方向に圧縮する圧縮工程とを有し、前記圧縮工程後の、シートの厚み方向に平行に切断して観察した該骨格構造の前記空隙の平均面積が500μm2以上6000μm2以下である電極材料の製造方法。
- 前記圧縮工程後の、シートの厚み方向に平行に切断して観察した該骨格構造の空隙の平均面積は、前記圧縮工程前の、シートの厚み方向に平行に切断して観察した該骨格構造の空隙の平均面積の40%以上である、請求項4に記載の電極材料の製造方法。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電極材料を正極、負極の一方又は両方に用いた電池。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電極材料を正極、負極の一方又は両方に用いた非水電解質電池。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電極材料を正極、負極の一方又は両方に用いたキャパシタ。
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR1020147009940A KR101999215B1 (ko) | 2011-10-24 | 2012-10-09 | 전극 재료 및 그것을 이용한 전지, 비수 전해질 전지, 커패시터 |
| US14/351,292 US9553300B2 (en) | 2011-10-24 | 2012-10-09 | Electrode material; and battery, nonaqueous-electrolyte battery, and capacitor all incorporating the material |
| JP2013540712A JP6156146B2 (ja) | 2011-10-24 | 2012-10-09 | 電極材料およびそれを用いた電池、非水電解質電池、キャパシタ |
| DE112012004423.1T DE112012004423T5 (de) | 2011-10-24 | 2012-10-09 | Elektrodenmaterial und Batterie, Batterie mit nicht-wässrigem Elektrolyt und Kondensator, die jeweils das Material einschliessen |
| CN201280052292.2A CN103907228B (zh) | 2011-10-24 | 2012-10-09 | 电极材料、以及均包括该材料的电池、非水电解质电池和电容器 |
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| JP2011-233018 | 2011-10-24 | ||
| JP2011233018 | 2011-10-24 |
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| WO2013061760A1 true WO2013061760A1 (ja) | 2013-05-02 |
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| PCT/JP2012/076072 Ceased WO2013061760A1 (ja) | 2011-10-24 | 2012-10-09 | 電極材料およびそれを用いた電池、非水電解質電池、キャパシタ |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US9553300B2 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP6156146B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101999215B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN103907228B (ja) |
| DE (1) | DE112012004423T5 (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2013061760A1 (ja) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014208182A1 (ja) * | 2013-06-27 | 2014-12-31 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | リチウム電池 |
| JP2016142420A (ja) * | 2015-01-30 | 2016-08-08 | 日立化成株式会社 | 熱交換器用多孔質部材 |
| EP3101146A4 (en) * | 2014-01-31 | 2017-03-15 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Conductive resin molding, structure, porous aluminum body, process for manufacturing porous aluminum body, collector, electrode, nonaqueous electric double-layer capacitor and lithium ion capacitor |
| JP2018032484A (ja) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | 公立大学法人首都大学東京 | 電池材料の製造方法、電解質膜の製造方法及び電池材料 |
| CN113542637A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2021-10-22 | 索尼公司 | 光检测装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR20250068788A (ko) | 2015-10-08 | 2025-05-16 | 알심 에너지, 인크. | 재충전가능 알루미늄 이온 배터리 |
| CN108134049B (zh) * | 2017-12-19 | 2023-06-30 | 成都大超科技有限公司 | 负极层及其制备方法、锂电池电芯及锂电池 |
| CN112751073B (zh) * | 2020-12-02 | 2024-01-05 | 电子科技大学 | 结构一体化电池及带电池的设备 |
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- 2012-10-09 DE DE112012004423.1T patent/DE112012004423T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-10-09 US US14/351,292 patent/US9553300B2/en active Active
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- 2012-10-09 JP JP2013540712A patent/JP6156146B2/ja active Active
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| CN113542637A (zh) * | 2016-07-29 | 2021-10-22 | 索尼公司 | 光检测装置 |
| JP2018032484A (ja) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-03-01 | 公立大学法人首都大学東京 | 電池材料の製造方法、電解質膜の製造方法及び電池材料 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103907228A (zh) | 2014-07-02 |
| KR20140082977A (ko) | 2014-07-03 |
| CN103907228B (zh) | 2016-07-06 |
| US9553300B2 (en) | 2017-01-24 |
| JP6156146B2 (ja) | 2017-07-05 |
| JPWO2013061760A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
| DE112012004423T5 (de) | 2014-09-04 |
| KR101999215B1 (ko) | 2019-07-11 |
| US20140234720A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
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