WO2013054930A1 - 多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムおよび蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムおよび蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013054930A1 WO2013054930A1 PCT/JP2012/076543 JP2012076543W WO2013054930A1 WO 2013054930 A1 WO2013054930 A1 WO 2013054930A1 JP 2012076543 W JP2012076543 W JP 2012076543W WO 2013054930 A1 WO2013054930 A1 WO 2013054930A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/20—Manufacture of shaped structures of ion-exchange resins
- C08J5/22—Films, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/52—Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G9/004—Details
- H01G9/02—Diaphragms; Separators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/494—Tensile strength
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a porous polyolefin film and an electricity storage device.
- Porous polyolefin films are being developed for use in a wide variety of applications, including separators for batteries and electrolytic capacitors, various separation membranes, clothing, moisture-permeable waterproof membranes for medical applications, reflectors for flat panel displays, and thermal transfer recording sheets.
- lithium ion batteries LIBs
- EDLC electric double layer capacitors
- a porous film is suitable as a separator for lithium ion capacitors (LIC).
- LIB has been used in electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, and separators with good air permeability and thin thickness have been demanded as batteries have higher output and capacity.
- separator for EDLC a cellulose separator having low cost and good air permeability has been conventionally used. However, in recent years, it is desired to reduce the thickness of the separator in order to improve electric capacity.
- ⁇ -type crystal ( ⁇ crystal) and ⁇ -type crystal ( ⁇ crystal), which are polymorphs of polypropylene, are formed by a dry process that can be manufactured at low cost with a wide, large area by biaxial stretching.
- a so-called ⁇ crystal method has been proposed in which voids are formed in a film using the difference in crystal density and crystal transition (see Patent Documents 1 to 3).
- a fibril is formed by forming a polypropylene resin and a second component resin domain that is not completely compatible with the polypropylene resin.
- Patent Document 4 There has also been a proposal for promoting cleavage.
- Patent Document 5 Although the porous films using the polyolefins described in Patent Documents 1 to 4 can be thinned, the moisture in the battery adversely affects the battery characteristics in LIB, LIC, and EDLC applications (Patent Document 5). And 6), a drying process may be provided in which the separator is dried at around 100 ° C. to remove moisture in advance, and wrinkles are generated or flatness is reduced due to the transport tension and drying temperature in this drying process. There was a case. In these applications, since the size of the battery is increased and the area used is increased, cost reduction is also strongly desired.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 63-199742 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 6-100720 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-255804 International Publication No. 2007/046225 JP 2003-297428 A JP 2007-287781 A
- an object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems. That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a porous polyolefin film in which the generation of wrinkles and the decrease in flatness are improved in the pre-drying process of LIB or EDLC assembly.
- the longitudinal direction of the Young's modulus f at 23 °C (23) (MPa) in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C.
- Young's modulus f ( 105)
- the relationship with (MPa) satisfies the following formulas (1) and (2). f (105) > 80 (1) f (23) -f (105) ⁇ 450 (2)
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention has a relationship between the longitudinal Young's modulus f (23) (MPa) at 23 ° C. and the longitudinal Young's modulus f (105) (MPa) at 105 ° C. (1 ) And (3) are satisfied.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention is suitable as a separator for LIB, LIC, and EDLC with high output because wrinkles and flatness are reduced in the pre-drying process of LIB, LIC, and EDLC assembly. Can be used.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a method for evaluating the degree of occurrence of wrinkles.
- the relationship between the longitudinal Young's modulus f (23) (MPa) at 23 ° C and the longitudinal Young's modulus f (105) (MPa) at 105 ° C is expressed by the following formula (1). And (2) is satisfied. f (105) > 80 (1) f (23) -f (105) ⁇ 450 (2)
- a direction parallel to the film forming direction is referred to as a film forming direction, a longitudinal direction, or an MD direction, and a direction perpendicular to the film forming direction in the film plane is referred to as a width direction or a TD direction.
- f (105) is more preferably 90 MPa or more, and further preferably 100 MPa or more.
- the upper limit of f (105) is not particularly provided, but if it is 500 MPa or more, the permeability may be deteriorated and may not be suitable for high-power applications.
- the porous polyolefin film is introduced into the drying oven. When this is done, wrinkles may occur or flatness may be reduced.
- a general drying apparatus unwinds a porous polyolefin film from an unwinder at room temperature, introduces the porous polyolefin film into a drying oven to dry water and an organic solvent, and then winds the porous polyolefin film at room temperature.
- the difference between the Young's modulus f (23) in the longitudinal direction at 23 ° C. and the Young's modulus f (105) in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. is preferably 400 MPa or less, more preferably 350 MPa or less.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention has a relationship between the longitudinal Young's modulus f (23) (MPa) at 23 ° C. and the longitudinal Young's modulus f (105) (MPa) at 105 ° C. (1 ) And (3) are satisfied.
- the Young's modulus ratio f (23) / f (105) is more preferably less than 5, and most preferably less than 4.5.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention has pores that penetrate both surfaces of the film and have air permeability (hereinafter referred to as through-holes).
- the production method and the material are not particularly limited, and a known method can be adopted. It is preferable to use polyolefin as the material of the porous polyolefin film because the material cost can be reduced and the separator can be manufactured at low cost.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention preferably contains a polypropylene resin (A) having a ⁇ crystal forming ability of 40% or more as a main component.
- the “main component” means that the proportion of a specific component in all components is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 80% by mass or more, further preferably 90% by mass or more, and most preferably 95% by mass or more. It means that there is.
- the ⁇ crystal method is a method in which a ⁇ crystal formed in a cast sheet is used as fibrils oriented in the film forming direction by longitudinal stretching, and a porous polypropylene film is obtained by forming a network while cleaving the fibrils by transverse stretching.
- a method conventionally, it has been difficult to highly uniformly cleave fibrils oriented in the film forming direction by transverse stretching. When non-uniform fibril cleavage occurs, thick fibrils that bear the strength in the longitudinal direction of the porous polyolefin film are reduced, and the strength is considered to be lowered.
- a porous polypropylene film using the copolymer (B) is known (for example, see WO2007 / 046225).
- this method is used, the air permeability is improved, but the uniformity of fibril cleavage in the transverse stretching step is insufficient.
- the domain of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) is fine and uniform as the third component.
- the dispersing agent (C) for dispersing in the pores the pore structure becomes uniform, coarse pores due to stretching can be reduced, and the difference in mechanical properties between high temperature and room temperature. Can be reduced, which is preferable.
- a polyolefin composition having ⁇ crystal forming ability is used as a material for the porous polyolefin film.
- the polyolefin composition is preferably a polypropylene composition containing a polypropylene resin (A) as a main component, and the ⁇ crystal-forming ability of the polypropylene composition is preferably 40% or more. If the ⁇ -crystal forming ability is less than 40%, the amount of ⁇ -crystals is small at the time of film production, so the number of voids formed in the film is reduced by utilizing the transition to ⁇ -crystal, and as a result, only a film with low permeability is obtained. It may not be possible.
- the ⁇ -crystal forming ability is preferably 60 to 90%, particularly preferably 65 to 85%.
- a polypropylene resin (A) having a high isotactic index can be used, or it can be added to a polypropylene resin (A) called a ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent.
- a crystallization nucleating agent that selectively forms ⁇ crystals is preferably used as an additive.
- ⁇ crystal nucleating agents examples include alkali or alkaline earth metal salts of carboxylic acids such as calcium 1,2-hydroxystearate and magnesium succinate, and N, N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxyamide.
- Amide compounds such as 3,9-bis [4- (N-cyclohexylcarbamoyl) phenyl] -2,4,8,10-tetraoxaspiro [5.5] undecane, benzenesulfonic acid
- aromatic sulfonic acid compounds such as sodium and sodium naphthalene sulfonate, imide carboxylic acid derivatives, phthalocyanine pigments, and quinacridone pigments.
- amides disclosed in JP-A-5-310665 are preferred.
- Compound can be preferably used .
- the content of the ⁇ crystal nucleating agent is preferably 0.05 to 0.5% by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 0.3% by mass, based on the entire polypropylene composition. . If it is less than 0.05% by mass, formation of ⁇ crystals becomes insufficient, and the air permeability of the porous polyolefin film may be lowered. If it exceeds 0.5% by mass, coarse voids are formed, and in the drying process of the assembly process of LIB, LIC and EDLC, film deformation is likely to occur due to the transport tension and drying temperature, causing wrinkles and flatness. It can be.
- an isotactic polypropylene resin having a melt flow rate (hereinafter referred to as MFR) of 2 to 30 g / 10 min can be used for extrudability and uniform pore formation. It is preferable from the viewpoint.
- MFR is an index indicating the melt viscosity of a resin defined in JIS K 7210 (1995), and is a physical property value indicating the characteristics of a polyolefin resin. In the present invention, it refers to a value measured at 230 ° C. and 2.16 kg.
- the isotactic index of the polypropylene resin (A) is preferably in the range of 90 to 99.9%. More preferably, it is 95 to 99%. When the isotactic index is less than 90%, the crystallinity of the resin is lowered, and the film forming property may be deteriorated or the strength of the film may be insufficient.
- a polypropylene composition for forming the porous polyolefin film of the present invention not only homopolypropylene can be used, but also from the viewpoint of stability in the film-forming process, film-forming property, and uniformity of physical properties.
- a resin obtained by copolymerizing an ethylene component and an ⁇ -olefin component such as butene, hexene, and octene in an amount of 5% by mass or less, more preferably 2.5% by mass or less can be used.
- the second component preferably contains an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B).
- the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) include linear low-density polyethylene and ultra-low-density polyethylene.
- octene-1 is copolymerized and has a melting point of 60 to 90 ° C.
- Copolymer polyethylene resin copolymer PE resin
- Examples of the copolymer polyethylene include commercially available resins such as “Engage (registered trademark)” (type names: 8411, 8452, 8100, etc.) manufactured by Dow Chemical.
- the polypropylene composition forming the porous polyolefin film of the present invention may contain 10% by mass or less of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) when the entire polypropylene composition is 100% by mass. It is preferable from the viewpoint of improving air permeability. From the viewpoint of mechanical strength of the porous polyolefin film, it is more preferably 1 to 7% by mass, and further preferably 1 to 4% by mass.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention comprises, as a polypropylene composition for forming a porous polyolefin film, the above-described polypropylene resin (A), an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B), a dispersant (C) thereof,
- the film forming conditions described below are further employed, the pore structure becomes uniform, the fibril cleavage in the transverse stretching becomes uniform, and the coarse pores due to stretching decrease, thereby reducing the Young's modulus f in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. (105) is preferred because the strength in the longitudinal direction can be improved and the difference in mechanical properties between high temperature and room temperature can be reduced.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention has a uniform structure, and the difference between the Young's modulus f (23) in the longitudinal direction at 23 ° C. and the Young's modulus f (105) in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. is smaller than a predetermined value. Therefore, when heated near 100 ° C. in order to remove moisture in the preliminary drying step, deformation of the film in the drying oven and generation of wrinkles can be prevented.
- any dispersant can be used as long as it can increase the dispersibility of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) in the polypropylene resin (A).
- International Publication No. 2007/046225 discloses an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer that is incompatible with polypropylene resin, melted at a predetermined temperature, added with a compatibilizing agent, or high shear force during extrusion. It is described that fine pores can be formed and the porosity and air permeability can be improved by dispersing them in a polypropylene resin, etc.
- a polypropylene composition containing a polypropylene resin (A) and an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) is melted at a predetermined temperature.
- the present inventors have developed a highly compatible segment (for example, a polypropylene segment, an ethylene butylene copolymer segment) and a highly compatible segment (E) with an ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) (polypropylene resin (A)).
- An ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer having a dispersion diameter in a predetermined range in the polypropylene resin (A) by blending a block copolymer each having a polyethylene segment and the like into a polypropylene composition as a dispersant (C).
- the dispersant (C) include commercially available resins such as olefin crystal, ethylene butylene, olefin crystal block polymer (hereinafter referred to as CEBC) “DYNARON (registered trademark)” manufactured by JSR (type name: 6100P, 6200P, etc.) and olefin block copolymer “INFUSE OBC (registered trademark)” manufactured by Dow Chemical Company.
- the addition amount of the dispersing agent (C) is preferably 1 to 50 parts by mass, more preferably 5 to 33 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B).
- the melting point of the dispersant (C) is ethylene / ⁇ -It is preferably 0 to 60 ° C, more preferably 15 to 30 ° C higher than the melting point of the olefin copolymer (B).
- the polypropylene composition for forming the porous polyolefin film of the present invention includes an antioxidant, a heat stabilizer, an antistatic agent, a lubricant composed of inorganic or organic particles, and further an anti-blocking agent, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- Various additives such as an agent, a filler and an incompatible polymer may be contained.
- an antioxidant for the purpose of suppressing oxidative deterioration due to the thermal history of the polypropylene resin (A).
- the addition amount of the antioxidant is preferably 2 parts by mass or less, more preferably 1 part by mass or less, still more preferably 0.5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polypropylene composition.
- the amount of the ethylene component contained in the porous polyolefin film of the present invention is preferably less than 10 parts by mass when the porous polyolefin film is 100 parts by mass.
- the amount of the ethylene component is 10 parts by mass or more, the heat resistance is lowered because many low-melting-point components are contained, and the Young's modulus f (105) (MPa) in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. is lowered.
- MPa Young's modulus f (105)
- the amount of the ethylene component is more preferably less than 5 parts by mass, and still more preferably less than 3 parts by mass.
- the polypropylene composition for forming the porous polyolefin film of the present invention may contain a pore forming aid made of inorganic or organic particles as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the content is preferably 5 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polypropylene composition, more preferably 2 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 1 part by mass or less.
- the amount exceeds 5 parts by mass, when used as a separator, the dropped particles may deteriorate battery performance, increase raw material costs, and decrease productivity.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention is preferably 10 to 200 seconds / 100 ml. If the air permeation resistance is less than 10 seconds / 100 ml, the strength of the film becomes insufficient, the film is deformed in the drying oven, wrinkles may occur, and flatness may be lowered. When it exceeds 200 seconds / 100 ml, the permeability is lowered, and particularly when used as a separator for EDLC, the required output characteristics may not be obtained.
- the air resistance is more preferably 50 to 170 seconds / 100 ml, and further preferably 70 to 140 seconds / 100 ml.
- Air permeation resistance refers to the amount of ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) and dispersant (C) to be described later, the temperature of the cast drum, the draw ratio and temperature in the longitudinal direction, and the transverse draw speed.
- the temperature and time in the heat treatment step and the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone can be controlled within the ranges described later.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention preferably has an air resistance per thickness of 20 seconds / 100 ml / ⁇ m or less. If it exceeds 20 seconds / 100 ml / ⁇ m, the permeability decreases, and particularly when used as a separator for EDLC, the required output characteristics may not be obtained even if the separator is thinned.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention preferably has a total film thickness of 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness exceeds 20 ⁇ m, the permeability decreases.
- the required output characteristics cannot be obtained, or the volume ratio of the porous polyolefin film in the electricity storage device becomes too high, resulting in high energy.
- the density cannot be obtained.
- the total film thickness is more preferably 3 to 18 ⁇ m, and even more preferably 5 to 15 ⁇ m.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention preferably has a thermal shrinkage in the width direction at 105 ° C. of 5% or less.
- the thermal contraction rate in the width direction is more preferably 3% or less, and further preferably 1% or less. The smaller the heat shrinkage rate, the better.
- the lower limit is substantially about 0.1%.
- the heat shrinkage ratio is the amount of ⁇ -crystal nucleating agent, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) and dispersant (C) added, the temperature of the cast drum, the stretching ratio and temperature in the longitudinal direction, and the temperature in the heat treatment step. And the time and the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone can be controlled within the range described later.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention preferably has a porosity of 60 to 80%.
- the porosity is less than 60%, the permeability decreases, and particularly when used as an EDLC separator, the required output characteristics may not be obtained.
- the porosity exceeds 80%, the mechanical strength of the porous film becomes too low, the film is deformed in the drying oven, and wrinkles may occur or the flatness may be lowered.
- the porosity is more preferably 62 to 75%, particularly preferably 65 to 70%.
- Porosity refers to the amount of ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B) and dispersant (C) added, the temperature of the cast drum, the draw ratio and temperature in the longitudinal direction, and the temperature in the heat treatment step. And the time and the relaxation rate in the relaxation zone can be controlled within the range described later.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention may have a laminated structure for the purpose of imparting various effects as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired.
- the number of stacked layers may be a two-layer stack, a three-layer stack, or a larger number of stacks.
- As a lamination method either a feed block method by co-extrusion or a multi-manifold method, or a method of laminating porous films by lamination may be used.
- a laminated structure for example, a layer containing polyethylene can be laminated for the purpose of imparting shutdown properties at low temperatures, or a layer containing particles can be laminated for the purpose of imparting strength and heat resistance.
- the resin constituting the surface layer does not contain a polyethylene resin or an ethylene copolymer resin.
- the oxidation resistance may decrease when used as a battery separator.
- the method for producing the porous polyolefin film of the present invention will be described based on a specific example.
- the manufacturing method of the film of this invention is not limited to this.
- polypropylene resin (A) 99.5 parts by mass of commercially available homopolypropylene resin with an MFR of 8 g / 10 min, 0.3 parts by mass of N, N′-dicyclohexyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxyamide as ⁇ crystal nucleating agent, oxidation
- the raw material is supplied from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder so that 0.2 parts by mass of the inhibitor is mixed at this ratio, melted and kneaded, discharged from the die in a strand shape, and cooled and solidified in a 25 ° C. water tank. Then, it is cut into chips to prepare a polypropylene raw material (a).
- the melting temperature is preferably 270 to 300 ° C.
- polypropylene resin (A) 64.8 parts by mass of the above-mentioned homopolypropylene resin, and as the ethylene / ⁇ -olefin copolymer (B), a commercially available MFR of 18 g / 10 min.
- the shear rate at the die it is preferable to set the shear rate at the die to 100 to 1000 sec ⁇ 1 during extrusion. More preferably, it is 150 to 800 sec ⁇ 1 , and further preferably 200 to 600 sec ⁇ 1 .
- the shear rate at the die is expressed by equation (3). If the shear rate at the die is less than 100 sec ⁇ 1 , shearing is not sufficiently performed and it may be difficult to control the domain shape. On the other hand, if the shear rate at the die exceeds 1000 sec ⁇ 1 , the domain may be sheared more than necessary, making it difficult to control the domain shape.
- Shear rate (sec ⁇ 1 ) 6Q / ⁇ Wt 2 (3)
- t Groove gap (cm)
- the domain diameter of the TD / ZD cross section is preferably 5 to 100 nm, more preferably 10 to 90 nm, and still more preferably 15 to 80 nm.
- the TD / ZD cross section indicates a cross section when the film is cut along a plane passing through a straight line parallel to the thickness direction and a straight line parallel to the width direction.
- the domain diameter When the domain diameter is less than 5 nm, the effect of promoting fibril cleavage at the time of stretching is small, and air permeability may be lowered. If the domain diameter exceeds 100 nm, the size of the pores may increase and the mechanical strength may be inferior. Normally, when trying to control the domain diameter only by die shearing, the domain diameter becomes smaller near the surface layer in the thickness direction where shearing is easily applied, but the domain diameter becomes larger near the center in the thickness direction, resulting in a uniform pore structure. In the present invention, by using the dispersant (C) described above, a porous polyolefin film in which fibril cleavage in lateral stretching is uniformed by forming a film in the above range is obtained. can get.
- the flow rate of the polymer is preferably in the range of 40 to 500 kg / hr from the viewpoint of extrusion stability.
- the groove width of the T die is preferably in the range of 200 to 1000 mm from the viewpoint of productivity.
- the groove gap of the T die is preferably in the range of 0.8 to 2 mm from the viewpoint of internal pressure in the extrusion system and casting accuracy.
- the cast drum preferably has a surface temperature of 105 to 130 ° C. from the viewpoint of controlling the ⁇ crystal fraction of the cast sheet to be high.
- the forming of the end portion of the sheet affects the subsequent stretchability, and therefore it is preferable that the end portion is sprayed with spot air to be in close contact with the drum. Further, air may be blown over the entire surface using an air knife as necessary from the state in which the entire sheet is in close contact with the drum.
- the obtained cast sheet is biaxially oriented to form pores in the film.
- a biaxial orientation method the film is stretched in the longitudinal direction of the film and then stretched in the width direction, or the sequential biaxial stretching method in which the film is stretched in the width direction and then stretched in the longitudinal direction.
- the simultaneous biaxial stretching method can be used, but it is preferable to adopt the sequential biaxial stretching method from the viewpoint that it is easy to obtain a film having a good balance between air permeability and film mechanical properties, and in particular, stretching in the longitudinal direction. Then, it is preferable to extend in the width direction.
- stretching conditions will be described by taking as an example a sequential biaxial stretching method in which the film is stretched in the longitudinal direction of the film and then stretched in the width direction.
- a temperature control method for stretching the cast sheet in the longitudinal direction a method using a temperature-controlled rotating roll, a method using a hot air oven, or the like can be adopted.
- the stretching temperature in the longitudinal direction is preferably 90 to 140 ° C. If it is less than 90 degreeC, a film may fracture
- the higher the stretching temperature in the longitudinal direction the higher the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction tends to be higher.
- the temperature is more preferably 110 to 135 ° C, particularly preferably 120 to 130 ° C.
- the draw ratio is preferably 3 to 6 times. As the draw ratio is increased, the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction is improved. However, if the draw ratio is more than 6 times, the film may be easily broken in the next transverse drawing step.
- the draw ratio is more preferably 4.5 to 6 times.
- the end of the film after longitudinal stretching is gripped with a clip, and transverse stretching is performed with a lateral stretching machine, but in the longitudinal direction when gripping the film after longitudinal stretching with a clip
- Specific methods include forming a film by adding a difference (draw) between the final roll speed of the longitudinal stretching machine and the line speed of the transverse stretching machine, or using a simultaneous biaxial stretching machine, For example, a method of slightly stretching in the direction and performing lateral stretching while applying tension can be used.
- the draw is preferably 103 to 120%, and more preferably 105 to 110%. If the draw is lower than 103%, the Young's modulus f (105) in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C.
- the porous film of the present invention can be used as LIB, LIC, and When used as an EDLC separator, the film may be deformed in the pre-drying step of assembly, and wrinkles may occur or flatness may be reduced. On the other hand, if the draw exceeds 120%, the film may break in the section between the longitudinal stretching machine and the transverse stretching machine during film formation.
- the transverse stretching temperature when performing transverse stretching while maintaining the tension in the longitudinal direction is preferably 130 to 155 ° C. If it is less than 130 degreeC, a film may fracture
- the draw ratio in the width direction is preferably 2 to 12 times. If it is less than 2 times, the air permeability may decrease or the planarity in the width direction may decrease. If it exceeds 12 times, the film may break. If the draw ratio in the width direction is too high, the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction may decrease, so it is more preferably 3 to 8 times, and even more preferably 4 to 6 times.
- the transverse stretching speed at this time is preferably 500 to 6,000% / min, more preferably 1,000 to 5,000% / min.
- the area ratio (longitudinal stretching ratio ⁇ lateral stretching ratio) is preferably 30 to 60 times.
- the heat treatment step is a heat setting zone (hereinafter referred to as HS1 zone) in which heat treatment is performed with the width after transverse stretching, and the heat treatment is performed while the film is relaxed in the width direction by narrowing the clip width in the width direction after transverse stretching. It is divided into three zones: a relaxation zone (hereinafter referred to as Rx zone) to be performed, and a heat setting zone (hereinafter referred to as HS2 zone) in which heat treatment is performed with the width after relaxation, which is compatible with air permeability and mechanical properties. Furthermore, it is preferable from the viewpoint of low heat yield.
- the temperature of the HS1 zone is preferably 140 to 165 ° C. If it is lower than 140 ° C., the thermal shrinkage in the width direction may increase. If the temperature exceeds 165 ° C, the orientation of the film is too relaxed, the relaxation rate cannot be increased in the subsequent Rx zone, and it is difficult to achieve both air permeability and mechanical strength. Resistance may increase. From the viewpoint of achieving both air permeability and mechanical strength, 150 to 160 ° C. is more preferable.
- the heat treatment time in the HS1 zone is preferably 0.1 seconds or more and 10 seconds or less from the viewpoint of achieving both the thermal shrinkage in the width direction and the productivity.
- the relaxation rate in the Rx zone is preferably 13 to 35%. If the relaxation rate is less than 13%, the thermal contraction rate in the width direction may increase. If it exceeds 35%, the air permeability may decrease, or the thickness unevenness or flatness in the width direction may decrease. From the viewpoint of improving the air permeability and reducing the heat shrinkage rate, it is more preferably 15 to 25%.
- the temperature of the Rx zone is preferably 155 to 170 ° C.
- the shrinkage stress for relaxation is lowered, and the above-described high relaxation rate may not be achieved or the thermal shrinkage rate in the width direction may be increased.
- the temperature exceeds 170 ° C., the polymer around the pores may melt at a high temperature and the air permeability may be lowered. From the viewpoint of improving the air permeability and reducing the heat shrinkage rate, the temperature is more preferably 160 to 165 ° C.
- the relaxation rate in the Rx zone is preferably 100 to 1,000% / min.
- the relaxation rate is less than 100% / min, it is necessary to slow down the film forming rate or lengthen the tenter length, which may be inferior in productivity. If it exceeds 1,000% / min, the speed at which the film shrinks becomes slower than the speed at which the rail width of the tenter shrinks, the film flutters in the tenter and breaks, or the physical properties in the width direction are uneven and the flatness is lowered. There is a case.
- the relaxation rate is more preferably 150 to 500% / min.
- the temperature of the HS2 zone is preferably 155 to 165 ° C. If the temperature is lower than 155 ° C., the tension of the film after thermal relaxation becomes insufficient, resulting in uneven physical properties and flatness in the width direction, and may increase the heat shrinkage rate in the width direction. Also, the higher the HS2 temperature, the higher the Young's modulus f (105) in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. tends to be higher, and f (105) may be insufficient below 155 ° C. When the temperature exceeds 165 ° C., the polymer around the pores may melt at a high temperature, and the air permeability may be lowered. From the viewpoint of achieving both air permeability and mechanical strength, the temperature of the HS2 zone is more preferably 160 to 165 ° C.
- the heat treatment time in the HS2 zone is preferably 0.1 second or more and 10 seconds or less from the viewpoint of the mechanical strength, the physical property unevenness in the width direction and the compatibility between flatness and productivity.
- the film after the heat setting step is made into a product by removing the ears gripped by the clips of the transverse stretching machine.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention is excellent in strength and heat resistance, it can be used for packaging products, sanitary products, agricultural products, building products, medical products, separation membranes, light diffusion plates, reflective sheets, In particular, because the Young's modulus at the drying temperature is high and the difference in Young's modulus between the normal temperature and the drying temperature is small, wrinkles and flatness are improved in the pre-drying process of LIB and EDLC assembly. It can use suitably as a separator for electrical storage devices. Moreover, it can use suitably also as a base material for the heat-resistant separator formed by coating and drying a ceramic or a heat-resistant resin layer.
- the separator made of the porous polypropylene film of the present invention is provided between the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the electricity storage device, and can efficiently permeate ions in the electrolytic solution while preventing contact between the electrodes.
- the electricity storage device include a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery represented by a lithium ion secondary battery, a lithium ion capacitor, and an electric double layer capacitor. Since such an electricity storage device can be repeatedly used by charging and discharging, it can be used as a power supply device for industrial devices, household equipment, electric vehicles, hybrid electric vehicles, and the like.
- the electricity storage device using the separator using the porous film of the present invention can be suitably used for power supplies of industrial equipment and automobiles because of the excellent characteristics of the separator.
- Film thickness A total of 10 arbitrary positions were measured with a contact-type film thickness meter Lightmatic VL-50A (10.5 mm ⁇ carbide spherical surface probe, measuring load 0.06 N) manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation, and the average The value was taken as the thickness of the porous polyolefin film.
- the measurement was performed 5 times while changing the sample, and the average value of Young's modulus was obtained.
- the film thickness was measured as follows. Cut out into a rectangular shape with a length of 150 mm and a width of 10 mm, contact type film thickness meter Mitutoyo's Lightmatic VL-50A (10.5 mm ⁇ super hard spherical surface probe, measurement) at an arbitrary 5 positions within the initial chuck distance of 50 mm. The load was measured at 0.06 N), and the average value was defined as the thickness of the porous polyolefin film.
- the melting at which the peak is observed is defined as the melting peak of the ⁇ crystal, and the melting heat amount of the ⁇ crystal is obtained from the baseline and the area of the region surrounded by the peak drawn from the flat portion on the high temperature side.
- the value calculated by the following formula is the ⁇ crystal forming ability.
- the heat of fusion was calibrated using indium.
- ⁇ crystal forming ability (%) [ ⁇ H ⁇ / ( ⁇ H ⁇ + ⁇ H ⁇ )] ⁇ 100
- the ⁇ crystal fraction in the state of the sample can be calculated by calculating the abundance ratio of the ⁇ crystal in the same manner from the melting peak observed in the first run.
- Air permeability resistance A square having a size of 100 mm ⁇ 100 mm was cut out from the porous polyolefin film and used as a sample. Using a JIS P 8117 (1998) B-type Gurley tester, the permeation time of 100 ml of air was measured at 23 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65%. The measurement was performed three times with the sample changed, and the average value of the permeation time was defined as the air permeability of the film. In addition, it can confirm that the through-hole is formed in the film that this air permeability value is a finite value.
- Images obtained by continuously observing from one surface of the cast sheet to the other surface in the thickness direction were collected.
- a straight line is drawn on the obtained image at an interval of 1 ⁇ m parallel to the thickness direction of the cast sheet, and the dispersion diameter of all the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin polymers (B) existing between the two straight lines is determined. Measured (unit: nm).
- the dispersion diameter existing between the two straight lines was averaged, and the average value in the thickness direction was calculated.
- the obtained average dispersion diameter was taken as the dispersion diameter of the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin polymer (B).
- Example 1 As the polypropylene resin (A), 99.5 parts by mass of a homopolypropylene FLX80E4 manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd. having a melting point of 165 ° C. and an MFR of 7.5 g / 10 min, N, N′-dicyclohexyl-2 which is a ⁇ crystal nucleating agent , 6-Naphthalenedicarboxamide (manufactured by Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd., NU-100), 0.3 parts by mass, and IRGANOX 1010 and IRGAFOS168 by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, which are antioxidants, each by 0.1 parts by mass
- the raw material is fed from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder so that the mixture is mixed at this ratio, melt kneaded at 300 ° C., discharged from the die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a 25 ° C. water tank, and chip-shaped.
- the raw material is fed from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder to be mixed at this ratio.
- the material was supplied, melt kneaded at 240 ° C., discharged from a die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a water bath at 25 ° C., and cut into chips to obtain a polypropylene composition (II).
- preheating was performed using a ceramic roll heated to 125 ° C., and the film was stretched 5.0 times in the longitudinal direction of the film.
- the end of the film was held with a clip and introduced into a horizontal stretching machine, and 5.0 times at 150 ° C., a stretching speed of 1,800% / Stretched in minutes.
- the heat treatment is performed at 160 ° C. in the HS1 zone while holding the width direction as it is, and the heat treatment is subsequently performed at 162 ° C. while relaxing 20% in the width direction. Finally, the heat treatment is performed at 162 ° C. in the HS2 zone while holding the width direction. Heat treatment was performed to obtain a porous polypropylene film having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m.
- Example 2 54.8 parts by mass of homopolypropylene FLX80E4 as the polypropylene resin (A), ethylene-octene-1 copolymer as the ethylene- ⁇ -olefin-based polymer (B) (“Engage (registered trademark)” 8411 manufactured by Dow Chemical, Melt index: 18 g / 10 min) as 30 parts by mass, dispersant (C) as olefin crystal / ethylene butylene / olefin crystal block polymer (CEBC) “DYNARON (registered trademark)” manufactured by JSR (type name: 6200P) 15 parts by weight, and 0.1 parts by weight of “Irganox (registered trademark)” 1010 and “Irgaphos (registered trademark)” 168 manufactured by Ciba Specialty Chemicals, which are antioxidants, are mixed in this ratio.
- Examples 3, 4, and 5 In the production conditions shown in Table 1, the MD temperature during stretching from the conditions of Example 1 was 103% for the roll speed after longitudinal stretching (Example 3), the MD stretch ratio was 5.5 times (Example 4), The transverse draw ratio was changed to 6.5 times (Example 5), and a 12 ⁇ m thick porous polypropylene film was obtained.
- the raw material is supplied from the weighing hopper to the twin screw extruder so that the parts are mixed at this ratio, melt kneaded at 240 ° C., discharged from the die in a strand shape, cooled and solidified in a 25 ° C. water tank, and chips
- the polypropylene composition (IV) was obtained by cutting into a shape. 10 parts by mass of the obtained polypropylene composition (IV) and 90 parts by mass of the polypropylene composition (I) used in Example 1 were dry blended and supplied to a uniaxial melt extruder.
- the draw rate with respect to the roll speed after stretching is 100%
- the relaxation rate after transverse stretching is 15%
- the HS1, Rx zone, and HS2 zone are each changed to 160 ° C.
- the porosity is substantially 12 ⁇ m and contains no dispersant.
- a conductive polypropylene film was obtained.
- the domain diameter in the unstretched sheet was 120 nm.
- many domains of about 100 nm were observed near the surface layer in the thickness direction, and many domains of about 150 nm were observed in the central part.
- the film of this comparative example had a large difference between the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. and the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction at 23 ° C.
- Comparative Example 2 In the production conditions shown in Table 1, the HS1 zone, the Rx zone, and the HS2 zone after transverse stretching were each changed to 155 ° C. from the conditions of Example 1, the relaxation treatment rate was changed to 5%, and a porous polypropylene film having a thickness of 12 ⁇ m was obtained. Obtained.
- the film of Comparative Example 2 was a film having an insufficient Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. and a very large difference from the Young's modulus at 23 ° C.
- the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. is high and the Young's modulus difference in the longitudinal direction at 23 ° C. is small. It can be considered that it can be suitably used as a separator for a battery.
- the Young's modulus in the longitudinal direction at 105 ° C. is insufficient, and the difference from the Young's modulus at 23 ° C. is so large that it is difficult to use as a separator for an electricity storage device.
- the porous polyolefin film of the present invention can be suitably used as an electrical storage device separator for automobiles because wrinkles and flatness are improved in the pre-drying process of LIB, LIC, and EDLC assembly. .
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Abstract
Description
また、これらの用途では電池のサイズが大きくなり使用する面積が増えることから、低コスト化も強く望まれている。
f(105)>80 ・・・(1)
f(23)-f(105)<450 ・・・(2)
f(105)>80 ・・・(1)
f(23)/f(105)<6 ・・・(3)
f(105)>80 ・・・(1)
f(23)-f(105)<450 ・・・(2)
尚、本願においては、フィルムの製膜する方向に平行な方向を、製膜方向あるいは長手方向あるいはMD方向と称し、フィルム面内で製膜方向に直交する方向を幅方向あるいはTD方向と称する。105℃における長手方向のヤング率f(105)が80MPa以下であると、LIBやEDLC組立の事前乾燥工程で水分を除去するために100℃付近に加熱したとき、乾燥オーブン内で多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムが変形し、シワが発生したり平面性が低下する場合がある。f(105)は90MPa以上であることがより好ましく、100MPa以上であることがさらに好ましい。f(105)の上限値は特に設けないが、500MPa以上の場合、透過性が悪くなり高出力用途に適さない場合がある。
f(105)>80 ・・・(1)
f(23)/f(105)<6 (3)
式(3)において、23℃と105℃のヤング率比f(23)/f(105)が6を越えると多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムが乾燥オーブンに導入される際、シワが発生したり平面性が低下する場合がある。ヤング率比f(23)/f(105)は5未満が更に好ましく、4.5未満が最も好ましい。
せん断速度(sec-1)=6Q/ρWt2 ・・・(3)
Q:流量(kg/sec)
ρ:比重(kg/cm3)
W:溝幅(cm)
t:溝間隙(cm)
任意の場所の合計10箇所を接触式の膜厚計ミツトヨ社製ライトマチックVL-50A(10.5mmφ超硬球面測定子、測定荷重0.06N)にて測定し、その平均値を多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムの厚みとした。
JIS K7127(1999.)に規定された測定方法に準じて行った。多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムを、フィルムの製膜方向の長さが150mm、幅方向の長さが10mmの矩形に切り出しサンプルとした。引張試験機(オリエンテック製テンシロンUCT-100)を用いて、初期チャック間距離50mm、引張速度を300mm/分とし、23℃、65%RHの雰囲気下でフィルムの長手方向に引張試験を行った。測定はサンプルを変更して5回行い、そのヤング率の平均値を求めた。
なお、フィルムの厚みは以下のように測定を行った。長さ150mm×幅10mmの矩形に切り出しサンプルの初期チャック間距離50mmの中で任意の5ヶ所について接触式の膜厚計ミツトヨ社製ライトマチックVL-50A(10.5mmφ超硬球面測定子、測定荷重0.06N)にて測定し、その平均値を多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムの厚みとした。
JIS K7127(1999.)に規定された測定方法に準じて行った。多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムを上記(2)と同様寸法に切りだしたサンプルを引張試験機(オリエンテック製テンシロンUCT-100)にセットし、105℃に加熱されたオーブン中へチャック毎投入し、1分間加熱した後、初期チャック間距離50mmとし、引張速度を300mm/分としてフィルムの長手方向に引張試験を行った。測定はサンプルを変更して5回行い、そのヤング率の平均値を求めた。
なお、フィルムの厚みは上記(2)と同様の方法で測定した。
多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム中のポリプロピレン5mgを試料としてアルミニウム製のパンに採取し、示差走査熱量計(セイコー電子工業製RDC220)を用いて測定した。まず、窒素雰囲気下で室温から260℃まで10℃/分で昇温(ファーストラン)し、10分間保持した後、20℃まで10℃/分で冷却する。5分保持後、再度10℃/分で昇温(セカンドラン)した際に観測される融解ピークにについて、145~157℃の温度領域にピークが存在する融解をβ晶の融解ピーク、158℃以上にピークが観察される融解をα晶の融解ピークとして、高温側の平坦部を基準に引いたベースラインとピークに囲まれる領域の面積から、それぞれの融解熱量を求め、α晶の融解熱量をΔHα、β晶の融解熱量をΔHβとしたとき、以下の式で計算される値をβ晶形成能とする。なお、融解熱量の校正はインジウムを用いて行った。
β晶形成能(%) = 〔ΔHβ / (ΔHα + ΔHβ)〕 × 100
なお、ファーストランで観察される融解ピークから同様にβ晶の存在比率を算出することで、その試料の状態でのβ晶分率を算出することができる。
多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムから100mm×100mmの大きさの正方形を切取り試料とした。JIS P 8117(1998)のB形ガーレー試験器を用いて、23℃、相対湿度65%にて、100mlの空気の透過時間の測定を行った。測定は試料を替えて3回行い、透過時間の平均値をそのフィルムの透気性とした。なお、フィルムに貫通孔が形成されていることは、この透気性の値が有限値であることをもって確認できる。
多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムから10mm×200mmの大きさの矩形を5本切取り試料とした。なお、200mmの長さ方向をフィルムの幅方向に合わせた。試料の両端から25mmの位置に印を付けて試長150mm(l0)とする。次に、荷重3gを付けて105℃に保温されたオーブン内に吊し、1時間加熱後に取り出して、室温で冷却後、寸法(l1)を測定して下記式にて求め、5本の平均値を熱収縮率とした。
熱収縮率={(l0-l1)/l0}×100(%)
多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムを長手方向に300mm、幅方向に200mmにサンプリングし、多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムの試料1を調製する。図1に示すように、試料1の長手方向の両端部30mmを全幅で各々2枚の金属板2に挟み込み、長手方向の下方部の金属板2とおもり3を合わせて2kgf荷重となるように負荷を掛ける。このとき、つり下げた時にセパレータの位置がずれないよう2枚の金属板2を固定する。23℃、65%RHの雰囲気下で前記サンプルをつり上げ、10秒間の観察においてシワの発生度合いを下記基準にて判断した。○、△が合格である
○:シワが1つも確認できない
△:シワが1~2本確認できる
×:シワが3本以上
上記(7)と同様にして、荷重を0.5kgfとしたサンプルを105℃雰囲気に加熱されたギアオーブンにつり下げ、10秒間の観察においてシワの発生度合いを下記基準にて判断した。○、△が合格である
○:シワが1つも確認できない
△:シワが1~2本確認できる
×:シワが3本以上
幅300mmのロールサンプルを用意し、23℃で巻きだし、内部温度105℃のトンネル状オーブンを通過させた時、オーブン出口でのサンプルのシワ発生状態を下記基準にて判断した。なお、搬送張力は0.5kgf、オーブン長2m、搬送速度15m/分とした。トンネルオーブン入り口および出口にガイドロールをセットした。サンプルは予めトンネルオーブンを通しておき、搬送状態を安定化するため搬送開始後15秒間搬送した状態で維持し、その後20秒間通過させた時の状態で判定した。○、△が合格である。
○:シワが1つも確認できない
△:シワが1~2本確認できる
×:シワが3本以上
ミクロトーム法を用い、キャストシートの幅方向-厚み方向に断面(TD/ZD断面)を有する超薄切片を採取した。採取した切片をRuO4で染色し、下記条件にて透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)を用いて断面を観察した。この時例えば、ポリプロピレン樹脂より結晶性の低いエチレン-α-オレフィン系重合体(B)は、ポリプロピレンよりも黒く染まる。
・装置 :(株)日立製作所製 透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)H-7100FA
・加速電圧:100kV
・観察倍率:20,000倍。
キャストシートの一方の表面からもう一方の表面までを、厚み方向に連続して観察した像を採取した。得られた像にキャストシートの厚み方向に平行に1μm相当の間隔をあけて直線を引き、2本の直線の間に存在する全てのエチレン-α-オレフィン系重合体(B)の分散径を測定した(単位:nm)。2本の直線間に存在する分散径を平均し、さらに厚み方向の平均値を算出し、得られた平均分散径をエチレン-α-オレフィン系重合体(B)の分散径とした。
ポリプロピレン樹脂(A)として、融点165℃、MFR=7.5g/10分の住友化学(株)製ホモポリプロピレンFLX80E4を99.5質量部、β晶核剤であるN,N’-ジシクロヘキシル-2,6-ナフタレンジカルボキシアミド(新日本理化(株)製、NU-100)を0.3質量部、さらに酸化防止剤であるチバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ製IRGANOX1010、IRGAFOS168を各々0.1質量部ずつがこの比率で混合されるように計量ホッパーから二軸押出機に原料供給し、300℃で溶融混練を行い、ストランド状にダイから吐出して、25℃の水槽にて冷却固化し、チップ状にカットしてポリプロピレン組成物(I)を得た。
ポリプロピレン樹脂(A)としてホモポリプロピレンFLX80E4を54.8質量部、エチレン-α-オレフィン系重合体(B)としてエチレン-オクテン-1共重合体(ダウ・ケミカル製 “Engage(登録商標)”8411、メルトインデックス:18g/10分)を30質量部、分散剤(C)としてJSR社製オレフィン結晶・エチレンブチレン・オレフィン結晶ブロックポリマー (CEBC)“DYNARON(ダイナロン)(登録商標)”(タイプ名:6200P)を15質量部、さらに酸化防止剤であるチバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ製“イルガノックス(登録商標)”1010、“イルガフォス(登録商標)”168を各々0.1質量部がこの比率で混合されるように計量ホッパーから二軸押出機に原料供給し、240℃で溶融混練を行い、ストランド状にダイから吐出して、25℃の水槽にて冷却固化し、チップ状にカットしてポリプロピレン組成物(III)を得た。得られたポリプロピレン組成物(III)10質量部と実施例1で用いたポリプロピレン組成物(I)90質量部をドライブレンドして単軸の溶融押出機に供給し、実施例1と同じ製膜条件で厚み12μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
表1に示す製造条件において実施例1の条件から延伸時のMD温度を縦延伸後のロール速度に対するドローを103%(実施例3)、MD延伸倍率を5.5倍(実施例4)、横延伸倍率を6.5倍(実施例5)、をそれぞれ変更し、厚み12μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
ポリプロピレン樹脂(A)として、ホモポリプロピレンFLX80E4を69.8質量部、エチレン-α-オレフィン系重合体(B)としてエチレン-オクテン-1共重合体(ダウ・ケミカル製 “Engage(登録商標)”8411、メルトインデックス:18g/10分)を30質量部、さらに酸化防止剤であるチバ・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ製“イルガノックス(登録商標)”1010、“イルガフォス(登録商標)”168を各々0.1質量部がこの比率で混合されるように計量ホッパーから二軸押出機に原料供給し、240℃で溶融混練を行い、ストランド状にダイから吐出して、25℃の水槽にて冷却固化し、チップ状にカットしてポリプロピレン組成物(IV)を得た。得られたポリプロピレン組成物(IV)10質量部と実施例1で用いたポリプロピレン組成物(I)90質量部をドライブレンドして単軸の溶融押出機に供給し、実施例1の条件から縦延伸後のロール速度に対するドローを100%とし、横延伸後の弛緩処理率を15%、HS1,Rxゾーン、HS2ゾーンを各160℃と変更し、厚み12μmの実質上で分散剤を含まない多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。未延伸シート中のドメイン径は120nmであった。また、ドメイン径は、厚み方向の表層付近では100nm程度のドメインが多く観察され、中央部では150nm程度のドメインが多く観察された。本比較例のフィルムは105℃での長手方向のヤング率と23℃の長手方向のヤング率との差が大きかった。
表1に示す製造条件において実施例1の条件から、横延伸後のHS1ゾーン、Rxゾーン、HS2ゾーンを各155℃とし、弛緩処理率を5%に変更し、厚み12μmの多孔性ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。比較例2のフィルムは105℃での長手方向のヤング率が不十分、かつ23℃のヤング率との差が非常に大きいフィルムであった。
2:金属板
3:おもり
Claims (7)
- 23℃における長手方向のヤング率f(23)(MPa)と、105℃における長手方向のヤング率f(105)(MPa)との関係が、下記(1)式および(2)式を満たすことを特徴とする多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム。
f(105)>80 ・・・(1)
f(23)-f(105)<450 ・・・(2) - 23℃における長手方向ヤング率f(23)(MPa)と、105℃における長手方向のヤング率f(105)(MPa)との関係が、下記(1)式および(3)式を満たすことを特徴とする多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム。
f(105)>80 ・・・(1)
f(23)/f(105)<6 ・・・(3) - 105℃における幅方向の熱収縮率が5%以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1または2に記載の多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム。
- 透気抵抗が10~200秒/100mlであることを特徴とする、請求項1~3のいずれか一つに記載の多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム。
- 厚み当たりの透気抵抗が20秒/100ml/μm以下であることを特徴とする、請求項1~4のいずれか一つに記載の多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム。
- β晶形成能が40%以上のポリプロピレンを主成分とすることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一つに記載の多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルム。
- 正極と負極の間に設けられ、両者の接触を防止しつつ、電解液中のイオンを透過させるセパレータを備えた蓄電デバイスにおいて、
前記セパレータが、請求項1~6のいずれか一つに記載の多孔性ポリオレフィンフィルムを用いて形成されたことを特徴とする蓄電デバイス。
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| WO2014192860A1 (ja) * | 2013-05-31 | 2014-12-04 | 東レバッテリーセパレータフィルム株式会社 | ポリオレフィン多層微多孔膜およびその製造方法 |
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| CN107249852A (zh) * | 2015-02-20 | 2017-10-13 | 东丽株式会社 | 微多孔塑料膜的制造方法 |
| US10651447B2 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2020-05-12 | Zeon Corporation | Heat-sensitive layer for lithium ion secondary battery |
| US10461296B2 (en) | 2016-01-29 | 2019-10-29 | Sumitomo Chemical Company, Limited | Battery separator film, nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery separator, and nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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| KR101956950B1 (ko) | 2019-03-11 |
| KR20140081797A (ko) | 2014-07-01 |
| CN103874725B (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
| JPWO2013054930A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
| CN103874725A (zh) | 2014-06-18 |
| JP5267754B1 (ja) | 2013-08-21 |
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