WO2012132594A1 - 炭化珪素基板 - Google Patents
炭化珪素基板 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012132594A1 WO2012132594A1 PCT/JP2012/053495 JP2012053495W WO2012132594A1 WO 2012132594 A1 WO2012132594 A1 WO 2012132594A1 JP 2012053495 W JP2012053495 W JP 2012053495W WO 2012132594 A1 WO2012132594 A1 WO 2012132594A1
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- silicon carbide
- single crystal
- carbide substrate
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B29/00—Single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure characterised by the material or by their shape
- C30B29/10—Inorganic compounds or compositions
- C30B29/36—Carbides
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C30—CRYSTAL GROWTH
- C30B—SINGLE-CRYSTAL GROWTH; UNIDIRECTIONAL SOLIDIFICATION OF EUTECTIC MATERIAL OR UNIDIRECTIONAL DEMIXING OF EUTECTOID MATERIAL; REFINING BY ZONE-MELTING OF MATERIAL; PRODUCTION OF A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; SINGLE CRYSTALS OR HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; AFTER-TREATMENT OF SINGLE CRYSTALS OR A HOMOGENEOUS POLYCRYSTALLINE MATERIAL WITH DEFINED STRUCTURE; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C30B33/00—After-treatment of single crystals or homogeneous polycrystalline material with defined structure
- C30B33/06—Joining of crystals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L21/00—Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/02—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
- H01L21/04—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
- H01L21/18—Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
- H01L21/185—Joining of semiconductor bodies for junction formation
- H01L21/187—Joining of semiconductor bodies for junction formation by direct bonding
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D30/00—Field-effect transistors [FET]
- H10D30/60—Insulated-gate field-effect transistors [IGFET]
- H10D30/63—Vertical IGFETs
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/40—Crystalline structures
- H10D62/405—Orientations of crystalline planes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10D—INORGANIC ELECTRIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES
- H10D62/00—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers
- H10D62/80—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials
- H10D62/83—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge
- H10D62/832—Semiconductor bodies, or regions thereof, of devices having potential barriers characterised by the materials being Group IV materials, e.g. B-doped Si or undoped Ge being Group IV materials comprising two or more elements, e.g. SiGe
- H10D62/8325—Silicon carbide
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- H10P10/128—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicon carbide substrate.
- Silicon carbide (SiC) has a larger band gap than silicon (Si) which is more commonly used. Therefore, a semiconductor device using a silicon carbide substrate has advantages such as high breakdown voltage, low on-resistance, and small deterioration in characteristics under a high temperature environment.
- a substrate size of a certain level or more is required.
- Patent Document 1 a silicon carbide substrate of 76 mm (3 inches) or more can be manufactured.
- the size of the silicon carbide substrate is about 100 mm or more, its industrial manufacture is difficult. For this reason, it has been difficult to efficiently manufacture a semiconductor device using a large substrate.
- hexagonal SiC when the characteristics of the plane other than the (0001) plane are used, the above problem is particularly serious. This will be described below.
- a silicon carbide substrate with few defects is usually manufactured by cutting from a silicon carbide ingot obtained by (0001) plane growth in which stacking faults are unlikely to occur. For this reason, a silicon carbide substrate having a plane orientation other than the (0001) plane is cut out non-parallel to the growth plane. For this reason, it is difficult to ensure a sufficient size of the substrate, or many portions of the ingot cannot be used effectively. For this reason, it is particularly difficult to efficiently manufacture a semiconductor device using a surface other than the (0001) surface of SiC.
- a silicon carbide substrate having a support portion and a plurality of high-quality single crystal plates disposed on the support portion in place of such a large silicon carbide substrate with difficulty. Since the quality of the support part need not be so high, it is relatively easy to prepare a large support part. Therefore, a silicon carbide substrate having a necessary size can be obtained by increasing the number of single crystal plates placed on this large support portion.
- this silicon carbide substrate it is inevitable that a gap is formed between adjacent single crystal plates.
- foreign matter tends to accumulate during the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device using this silicon carbide substrate.
- This foreign material is, for example, a cleaning liquid or an abrasive used in the manufacturing process of the semiconductor device, or dust in the atmosphere. Since this foreign substance exists in a minute gap, it is difficult to remove it completely by cleaning. For this reason, the manufacturing efficiency of the semiconductor device decreases due to a decrease in manufacturing yield due to the foreign matter.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide a silicon carbide substrate that is large in size and capable of manufacturing a semiconductor device with a high yield.
- the silicon carbide substrate of the present invention has first and second single crystal plates and a joint.
- the first single crystal plate has a first side surface and is made of silicon carbide.
- the second single crystal plate has a second side surface facing the first side surface and is made of silicon carbide.
- the joint portion connects the first and second side surfaces to each other between the first and second side surfaces, and is made of silicon carbide. At least a part of the joint has a polycrystalline structure.
- the gap between the first and second single crystal plates that is, between the first and second side surfaces is filled with the joining portion.
- it can suppress that a foreign material accumulates in this clearance gap. Therefore, the yield reduction due to the foreign matter can be prevented, so that the semiconductor device can be manufactured with a high yield.
- the stress at the joint portion is easily relaxed as compared with the case where the entire joint portion has a single crystal structure. Thereby, the curvature of the silicon carbide substrate resulting from stress can be suppressed.
- Each of the first and second single crystal plates may have first and second back surfaces.
- the silicon carbide substrate may further include a support portion bonded to each of the first and second back surfaces.
- the first and second single crystal plates may have first and second surfaces, respectively.
- the joint portion may be formed to extend linearly between the first and second surfaces in plan view. In the direction extending linearly, the length of the portion having a polycrystalline structure in the joint portion may be 1% or more and 100% or less with respect to the total length of the joint portion. When this percentage is 1% or more, the above-described stress relaxation can be obtained more reliably.
- the length of the portion having a polycrystalline structure in the joint portion may be 10% or more with respect to the total length of the joint portion. Thereby, more sufficient relaxation of the stress mentioned above is obtained.
- the ratio of the maximum length of the silicon carbide substrate in plan view to the thickness of the silicon carbide substrate may be 50 or more and 500 or less. When this ratio is 50 or more, the size of the silicon carbide substrate in a plan view can be sufficiently secured. Moreover, when this ratio is 500 or less, warpage of the silicon carbide substrate can be further suppressed.
- the maximum length of the silicon carbide substrate in plan view may be 100 mm or more. Thereby, a silicon carbide substrate having a sufficient size can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a plan view schematically showing a configuration of a silicon carbide substrate in a first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic sectional view taken along line II-II in FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the silicon carbide substrate of FIG. 1 and shows a region including a junction having a single crystal structure.
- FIG. 2 is a partial cross-sectional view of the silicon carbide substrate of FIG. 1 and shows a region including a junction having a polycrystalline structure. It is a top view which shows roughly the 1st process of the manufacturing method of the silicon carbide substrate in Embodiment 1 of this invention.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic sectional view taken along line VV in FIG. 4.
- FIG. 7 is a partial cross sectional view schematically showing a third step of the method for manufacturing the silicon carbide substrate in the first embodiment of the present invention. It is a partial cross section figure which shows schematically the 4th process of the manufacturing method of the silicon carbide substrate in Embodiment 1 of this invention, and is a figure which shows the area
- silicon carbide substrate 80 of the present embodiment has a support portion 30, a supported portion 10 a supported by the support portion 30, and a joint portion BD.
- Supported portion 10a includes single crystal plates 11 to 19 made of silicon carbide.
- Each of single crystal plates 11 to 19 has a back surface and a front surface.
- single crystal plate 11 first single crystal plate
- single crystal plate 12 second single crystal plate
- back surface B2 first back surface
- front surface F2 second surface
- Support portion 30 is joined to the back surface of each of single crystal plates 11-19.
- each of single crystal plates 11 to 19 has a side surface.
- single crystal plate 11 has side surface S1 (first side surface)
- single crystal plate 12 has side surface S2 (second side surface) that faces side surface S1.
- a gap VD exists between the side surfaces facing each other.
- the joint portion BD connects these side surfaces to each other between the side surfaces facing each other.
- the side surfaces S1 and S2 are connected to each other between the side surfaces S1 and S2.
- the surface side (upper side in FIG. 2) of the gap VD is closed by the joint BD.
- the joint portion BD includes, for example, a portion located between the surfaces F1 and F2, and thereby the surfaces F1 and F2 are smoothly connected.
- junction BD has a polycrystalline part BDb (FIG. 3B) having a polycrystalline structure of silicon carbide.
- Junction part BD may have single crystal part BDa (Drawing 3A) which has a single crystal structure of silicon carbide.
- the joint portion BD may be formed so as to extend linearly between the surfaces of the single crystal plates adjacent to each other among the single crystal plates 11 to 19 in plan view (FIG. 1). For example, it may be formed to extend linearly between surface F1 of single crystal plate 11 and surface F2 of single crystal plate 12.
- the total length of the polycrystalline portion BDb is 1% or more and 100% or less with respect to the total length of the joint portion BD. Also preferably this percentage is 10% or more.
- the ratio of maximum length D (FIG. 1) in plan view (FIG. 1) of silicon carbide substrate 80 to thickness T (FIG. 2) of silicon carbide substrate 80 is not less than 50 and not more than 500.
- the maximum length D is 100 mm or more.
- Support portion 30 is preferably made of a material that can withstand a temperature of 1800 ° C. or higher, and is made of, for example, silicon carbide, carbon, or a refractory metal.
- the refractory metal include molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, niobium, iridium, ruthenium, and zirconium. If silicon carbide is used as the material of the support portion 30, the physical properties of the support portion 30 can be made closer to the single crystal plates 11 to 19.
- support portion 30 is provided on silicon carbide substrate 80, but a configuration in which support portion 30 is omitted may be used.
- This configuration can be obtained, for example, by removing support portion 30 of silicon carbide substrate 80 (FIG. 2) by polishing.
- 1 shows a square shape as a plan view of silicon carbide substrate 80, this shape is not limited to a square shape, and may be, for example, a circular shape.
- the maximum length D (FIG. 1) is the diameter of the circular shape.
- Composite substrate 80 ⁇ / b> P includes support portion 30 and single crystal plate group 10.
- Single crystal plate group 10 includes single crystal plates 11 and 12.
- Each of back surface B1 of single crystal plate 11 and back surface B2 of single crystal plate 12 is joined to support portion 30.
- a gap GP is formed between side surface S1 of single crystal plate 11 and side surface S2 of single crystal plate 12.
- the gap GP has an opening CR between the surface F1 of the single crystal plate 11 and the surface F2 of the single crystal plate 12.
- heating elements 81 and 82 are prepared. Each of the heating bodies 81 and 82 can generate heat. For example, the heating bodies 81 and 82 generate heat by being heated by high-frequency induction heating, or generate heat by a resistance heating method.
- a flexible graphite sheet 72 (blocking portion) is laid on the heating body 81.
- the composite substrate 80P is placed on the graphite sheet 72 so that the surfaces F1 and F2 face the graphite sheet 72.
- a heating body 82 is placed on the support portion 30.
- the composite substrate 80P is heated by the heating bodies 81 and 82.
- This heating is performed so that the temperature of the side ICt facing the graphite sheet 72 of the single crystal plate group 10 (FIG. 5) is lower than the temperature of the side ICb facing the support portion 30 of the single crystal plate group 10.
- the temperature gradient is generated in the thickness direction of the single crystal plate group 10. Such a temperature gradient is obtained, for example, by heating so that the temperature of the graphite sheet 72 is lower than the temperature of the support portion 30.
- the surface of single crystal plates 11 and 12 in closed gap GP is close to side ICt from a relatively high temperature region near side ICb.
- mass transfer accompanying sublimation occurs in a relatively low temperature region.
- sublimates from the side surfaces S 1 and S 2 accumulate on the graphite sheet 72 in the gap GP closed by the graphite sheet 72.
- the above-described deposition forms a joint BD that connects the side surfaces S1 and S2 so as to close the opening CR (FIG. 7) of the gap GP.
- the gap GP (FIG. 7) becomes the gap VD closed by the joint portion BD.
- a portion grown under the influence of the side surfaces S1 and S2 becomes a single crystal portion BDa (FIG. 8A) due to the influence of the single crystal structure of the single crystal plates 11 and 12.
- a portion of the joint portion BD grown under the influence of the graphite sheet 72 becomes a polycrystalline portion BDb (FIG. 8B).
- the proportion of the joint BD that grows under the influence of the graphite sheet 72 increases, for example, by increasing the distance between the side surfaces S1 and S2 (FIG. 7).
- silicon carbide substrate 80 (FIG. 2) is obtained.
- the heating temperature of the composite substrate 80P was performed, there was a problem that the junction BD was not sufficiently formed at 1600 ° C., and the single crystal plates 11 and 12 were damaged at 3000 ° C. However, these problems were not seen at 1800 ° C., 2000 ° C., and 2500 ° C., respectively.
- the heating temperature was fixed at 2000 ° C., and the atmospheric pressure during the heating was examined. As a result, the joint BD was not formed at 100 kPa, and the joint BD was difficult to be formed at 50 kPa, but this problem was seen at 10 kPa, 100 Pa, 1 Pa, 0.1 Pa, and 0.0001 Pa. There wasn't.
- single crystal plates 11 and 12 are integrated as one silicon carbide substrate 80 via support 30.
- Silicon carbide substrate 80 includes both surfaces F1 and F2 of each single crystal plate as a substrate surface on which a semiconductor device such as a transistor is formed. That is, silicon carbide substrate 80 has a larger substrate surface as compared to the case where either single crystal plate 11 or 12 is used alone.
- the maximum length D in plan view (FIG. 1) of silicon carbide substrate 80 is 100 mm or more. Thereby, a semiconductor device can be efficiently manufactured using silicon carbide substrate 80.
- joint portion BD includes the polycrystalline portion BDb (FIG. 3B), the stress at the joint portion BD is easily relaxed as compared to the case where the entire joint portion BD is composed of the single crystal portion BDa (FIG. 3A). Thereby, warpage of silicon carbide substrate 80 due to stress can be suppressed.
- joint portion BD is formed to extend linearly between surfaces F1 and F2 in a plan view (FIG. 1).
- the length of the portion having a polycrystalline structure in the joint portion BD is 1% or more and 100% or less with respect to the total length of the joint portion BD in the linearly extending direction, the above-described stress relaxation can be more reliably obtained. It is done. When this percentage is 10% or more, a more sufficient relaxation of the stress mentioned above is obtained.
- single crystal plates 11 and 12 are compared with the case where single crystal plates 11 and 12 are joined only by joint portion BD. Can be bonded more firmly.
- the ratio of maximum length D (FIG. 1) in plan view (FIG. 1) of silicon carbide substrate 80 to thickness T (FIG. 2) of silicon carbide substrate 80 is 50 or more, the plane of silicon carbide substrate 80 Sufficient size can be secured in view.
- D / T is, for example, 50
- this ratio is 500 or less, warpage of silicon carbide substrate 80 can be further suppressed.
- the circular plot corresponds to the case where the percentage is 0%, that is, the length of the single crystal part BDa occupies the entire length of the joint BD, and the triangular plot indicates that the percentage is 10%.
- warping of silicon carbide substrate 80 is suppressed when polycrystalline portion BDb having a length of 10% is formed as compared with the case where junction portion BD is composed of only single crystal portion BDa. I understood that.
- the smaller the D / T the smaller the warp.
- the D / T is 500 or less, the warp can be easily suppressed.
- the percentage is 10%, for example, the warp can be suppressed to 150 ⁇ m or less. I understood.
- Embodiment 2 a method of manufacturing composite substrate 80P (FIGS. 4 and 5) used in Embodiment 1 will be described in detail particularly when support portion 30 is made of silicon carbide.
- support portion 30 is made of silicon carbide.
- only the single crystal plates 11 and 12 among the single crystal plates 11 to 19 (FIGS. 4 and 5) may be referred to, but the single crystal plates 13 to 19 are also referred to as single crystal plates. It is treated in the same way as 11 and 12.
- single crystal plates 11 and 12 having a single crystal structure are prepared. This step is performed, for example, by slicing a silicon carbide ingot grown on the (0001) plane in the hexagonal system. Preferably, the roughness of the back surfaces B1 and B2 is 100 ⁇ m or less as Ra.
- the crystal planes of the surfaces of the single crystal plates 11 and 12 are preferably ⁇ 0001 ⁇ planes or ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ planes, more preferably (000-1) planes or (03-3-8). It is made a face.
- the single crystal plates 11 and 12 are arranged on the heating body 81 in the processing chamber so that the back surfaces B1 and B2 are exposed in one direction (upward direction in FIG. 11). That is, single crystal plates 11 and 12 are arranged so as to be aligned in a plan view.
- the above arrangement is performed such that each of the back surfaces B1 and B2 is located on the same plane, or each of the front surfaces F1 and F2 is located on the same plane.
- a support portion 30 (FIG. 5) that connects the back surfaces B1 and B2 to each other is formed as follows.
- each of the back surfaces B1 and B2 exposed in one direction (upward direction in FIG. 11), and the surface SS of the solid raw material 20 arranged in one direction (upward direction in FIG. 11) with respect to the back surfaces B1 and B2. are opposed to each other with a gap D1.
- the average value of the distance D1 is 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 cm or less.
- the solid material 20 is made of silicon carbide, preferably a solid body of silicon carbide, and specifically, for example, a SiC wafer.
- the crystal structure of SiC of the solid raw material 20 is not particularly limited.
- the roughness of the surface SS of the solid raw material 20 is 1 mm or less as Ra.
- the spacer 83 (FIG. 14) which has the height corresponding to the space
- the single crystal plates 11 and 12 are heated to a predetermined substrate temperature by the heating body 81. Further, the solid raw material 20 is heated to a predetermined raw material temperature by the heating element 82. When the solid raw material 20 is heated to the raw material temperature, SiC is sublimated on the surface SS of the solid raw material, thereby generating a sublimate, that is, a gas. This gas is supplied onto each of the back surfaces B1 and B2 from one direction (the upward direction in FIG. 11).
- the substrate temperature is lower than the raw material temperature, and more preferably the difference between the two temperatures is 1 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower.
- the substrate temperature is 1800 ° C. or higher and 2500 ° C. or lower.
- the gas supplied as described above is recrystallized by being solidified on each of back surfaces B1 and B2.
- the support part 30p which connects back surface B1 and B2 mutually is formed.
- the solid raw material 20 (FIG. 11) becomes the solid raw material 20p by being consumed and becoming small.
- the solid raw material 20p (FIG. 12) disappears due to further sublimation. Thereby, the support part 30 which connects back surface B1 and B2 mutually is formed.
- the atmosphere in the processing chamber is an inert gas.
- the inert gas for example, a rare gas such as He or Ar, a nitrogen gas, or a mixed gas of a rare gas and a nitrogen gas can be used.
- the ratio of nitrogen gas is, for example, 60%.
- the pressure in the processing chamber is preferably 50 kPa or less, and more preferably 10 kPa or less.
- the support 30 has a single crystal structure. More preferably, the inclination of the crystal face of the support part 30 on the back face B1 with respect to the crystal face of the back face B1 is within 10 °, and the crystal face of the support part 30 on the back face B2 with respect to the crystal face of the back face B2 The inclination of is within 10 °.
- the crystal structure of the single crystal plates 11 and 12 is preferably hexagonal, and more preferably 4H—SiC or 6H—SiC. Moreover, it is preferable that the single crystal plates 11 and 12 and the support part 30 consist of a SiC single crystal which has the same crystal structure.
- the concentration of each of single crystal plates 11 and 12 is different from the impurity concentration of support portion 30. More preferably, the impurity concentration of support portion 30 is higher than the impurity concentration of each of single crystal plates 11 and 12.
- the impurity concentration of single crystal plates 11 and 12 is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 5 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- the impurity concentration of the support portion 30 is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 or more and 5 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3 or less.
- nitrogen or phosphorus can be used, for example.
- the off angle of the surface F1 with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane of the single crystal plate 11 is 50 ° to 65 °
- the off angle of the surface F2 with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane of the single crystal plate is 50 ° to 65 °. It is as follows.
- the angle formed between the off orientation of surface F1 and the ⁇ 1-100> direction of single crystal plate 11 is 5 ° or less, and the off orientation of surface F2 and the ⁇ 1-100> direction of single crystal plate 12 The angle formed by is 5 ° or less.
- the off angle of the surface F1 with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane in the ⁇ 1-100> direction of the single crystal plate 11 is ⁇ 3 ° to 5 °, and the ⁇ 1-100> direction of the single crystal plate 12 The off angle of the surface F2 with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane at ⁇ 3 ° to 5 °.
- the “off angle of the surface F1 with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane in the ⁇ 1-100> direction” means the normal line of the surface F1 to the projecting plane extending in the ⁇ 1-100> direction and the ⁇ 0001> direction. Is an angle formed by the normal projection of the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane, and the sign thereof is positive when the orthographic projection approaches parallel to the ⁇ 1-100> direction. Is negative when approaching parallel to the ⁇ 0001> direction. The same applies to the “off angle of the surface F2 with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane in the ⁇ 1-100> direction”.
- the index m in the plane orientation (hklm) of the surface F1 is negative.
- each of the surfaces F1 and F2 is a plane closer to the (000-1) plane than the (0001) plane.
- the angle between the off orientation of surface F1 and the ⁇ 11-20> direction of single crystal plate 11 is 5 ° or less, and the off orientation of surface F2 and the ⁇ 11-20> direction of single crystal plate 12 Is less than 5 °.
- support portion 30 formed on each of back surfaces B1 and B2 is made of silicon carbide similarly to single crystal plates 11 and 12, single crystal plates 11 and 12 and support portion 30 Various physical properties are close to each other. Therefore, warpage and cracking of composite substrate 80P (FIGS. 4 and 5) or silicon carbide substrate 80 (FIGS. 1 and 2) due to the difference in physical properties can be suppressed.
- the support part 30 can be formed with high quality and at high speed. Moreover, the support part 30 can be formed more uniformly because the sublimation method is a proximity sublimation method.
- the film thickness distribution of the support portion 30 can be reduced.
- the average value of the distance D1 is 1 ⁇ m or more, a space in which silicon carbide sublimates can be sufficiently secured.
- the temperature of the single crystal plates 11 and 12 is made lower than the temperature of the solid raw material 20 (FIG. 11). Thereby, the sublimated SiC can be efficiently solidified on the single crystal plates 11 and 12.
- the step of arranging single crystal plates 11 and 12 is performed such that the shortest distance between single crystal plates 11 and 12 is 1 mm or less.
- support part 30 can be formed so as to more reliably connect back surface B1 of single crystal plate 11 and back surface B2 of single crystal plate 12.
- the support 30 has a single crystal structure.
- the various physical properties of the support part 30 can be brought close to the respective physical properties of the single crystal plates 11 and 12 having the single crystal structure.
- the inclination of the crystal plane of the support portion 30 on the back surface B1 is within 10 ° with respect to the crystal surface of the back surface B1.
- the inclination of the crystal plane of the support portion 30 on the back surface B2 is within 10 ° with respect to the crystal surface of the back surface B2.
- the impurity concentration of each of the single crystal plates 11 and 12 and the impurity concentration of the support portion 30 are different from each other. Thereby, silicon carbide substrate 80 (FIG. 2) having a two-layer structure with different impurity concentrations can be obtained.
- the impurity concentration of the support portion 30 is higher than the impurity concentration of each of the single crystal plates 11 and 12. Therefore, the resistivity of support portion 30 can be made smaller than the resistivity of each of single crystal plates 11 and 12. Thereby, silicon carbide substrate 80 suitable for manufacturing a semiconductor device in which a current flows in the thickness direction of support portion 30, that is, a vertical semiconductor device, can be obtained.
- the off angle of the surface F1 with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane of the single crystal plate 11 is 50 ° or more and 65 ° or less
- the off angle of the surface F2 with respect to the ⁇ 0001 ⁇ plane of the single crystal plate 12 is 50 ° or more and 65 °. ° or less.
- the angle formed between the off orientation of surface F1 and the ⁇ 1-100> direction of single crystal plate 11 is 5 ° or less, and the off orientation of surface F2 and the ⁇ 1-100> direction of single crystal plate 12 The angle formed by is 5 ° or less. Thereby, the channel mobility in the surface F1 and F2 can be raised more.
- the off angle of the surface F1 with respect to the ⁇ 03-38 ⁇ plane in the ⁇ 1-100> direction of the single crystal plate 11 is ⁇ 3 ° to 5 °, and the ⁇ 1-100> direction of the single crystal plate 12
- the angle formed by the off orientation of surface F1 and the ⁇ 11-20> direction of single crystal plate 11 is 5 ° or less, and the off orientation of surface F2 and the ⁇ 11-20> direction of single crystal plate 12 The angle formed by is 5 ° or less.
- the channel mobility in the surface F1 and F2 can be raised compared with the case where the surfaces F1 and F2 are ⁇ 0001 ⁇ planes.
- the SiC wafer is exemplified as the solid raw material 20, but the solid raw material 20 is not limited to this, and may be, for example, SiC powder or SiC sintered body.
- a space is provided between each of the back surfaces B1 and B2 and the surface SS of the solid raw material 20 throughout.
- a space may be provided between each of the back surfaces B1 and B2 and the surface SS of the solid material 20 while the back surfaces B1 and B2 and the surface SS of the solid material 20 are in partial contact. Two modifications corresponding to this case will be described below.
- the above interval is ensured by the warp of the SiC wafer as the solid material 20. More specifically, in this example, the interval D2 is locally zero, but the average value always exceeds zero. Further, preferably, the average value of the distance D2 is 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 cm or less, similarly to the average value of the distance D1.
- the above-mentioned interval is ensured by the warp of single crystal plates 11-13. More specifically, in this example, the interval D3 is locally zero, but the average value always exceeds zero. In addition, preferably, the average value of the distance D3 is 1 ⁇ m or more and 1 cm or less, similarly to the average value of the distance D1.
- the above interval may be ensured by a combination of the methods shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, that is, both the warp of the SiC wafer as the solid material 20 and the warp of the single crystal plates 11 to 13.
- a flexible graphite sheet 72 (blocking portion) is laid on the heating body 81.
- single crystal plates 11 and 12 are arranged on heating body 81 through graphite sheet 72 such that each of back surfaces B1 and B2 is exposed in one direction (upward direction in FIG. 17). . Thereafter, the same process as in the second embodiment is performed.
- the joint portion BD (FIG. 2) is formed on the graphite sheet 72 (FIG. 17) during the formation of the support portion 30 similar to that of the second embodiment (FIG. 13). That is, the step of forming the joint portion BD that connects the side surfaces S1 and S2 so as to close the opening CR (FIG. 7) of the gap GP is simultaneously with the step of joining the back surfaces B1 and B2 to the support portion 30 (FIG. 13). Done. Therefore, a process can be simplified compared with the case where the process of forming junction part BD and the process of joining each of back surface B1 and B2 are performed separately from each other.
- the gap GP (FIG. 7) can be more reliably closed. Therefore, a surface made of the graphite sheet 72 can be reliably provided as a surface other than the single crystal plates 11 and 12 as a surface on which the joint portion BD grows. As a result, it is easy to avoid the formation of the junction part BD consisting only of the single crystal part BDa and to make at least a part of the junction part BD into the polycrystalline part BDb.
- resist solution 40 is applied onto surface F ⁇ b> 1 of single crystal plate 11. Next, the resist solution 40 is carbonized.
- a protective film 41 that covers surface F1 of single crystal plate 11 is formed by the carbonization described above.
- a protective film covering the surface F2 of the single crystal plate 12 is also formed in the same manner.
- single crystal plates 11 and 12 are arranged on heating body 81 via graphite sheet 72.
- the protective film 41 is formed on the surface F1 facing the graphite sheet 72 at the time of this arrangement.
- a protective film 42 similar to the protective film 41 is formed on the surface F ⁇ b> 2 facing the graphite sheet 72.
- the gap GP (FIG. 7) is extended by the protective films 41 and 42, and a part of the side surface of the extended gap is made of a material different from the material of the protective films 41 and 42, that is, single crystal silicon carbide.
- the junction BD grown on the side surface made of the material of the protective films 41 and 42 is likely to be a polycrystalline part BDb (FIG. 3B), not a single crystal part BDa (FIG. 3A). Thereby, the polycrystalline part BDb can be provided more reliably.
- semiconductor device 100 of the present embodiment is a vertical DiMOSFET (Double Implanted Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor), and includes silicon carbide substrate 80, buffer layer 121, breakdown voltage holding layer 122, p region. 123, an n + region 124, a p + region 125, an oxide film 126, a source electrode 111, an upper source electrode 127, a gate electrode 110, and a drain electrode 112.
- DiMOSFET Double Implanted Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- Silicon carbide substrate 80 has an n-type conductivity type in the present embodiment, and has support portion 30 and single crystal plate 11 as described in the first embodiment.
- the drain electrode 112 is provided on the support portion 30 so as to sandwich the support portion 30 with the single crystal plate 11.
- the buffer layer 121 is provided on the single crystal plate 11 so as to sandwich the single crystal plate 11 with the support portion 30.
- Buffer layer 121 has n-type conductivity and has a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m, for example.
- the concentration of the n-type conductive impurity in the buffer layer 121 is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the breakdown voltage holding layer 122 is formed on the buffer layer 121 and is made of silicon carbide whose conductivity type is n-type.
- the thickness of the breakdown voltage holding layer 122 is 10 ⁇ m, and the concentration of the n-type conductive impurity is 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 .
- a plurality of p regions 123 having a p-type conductivity are formed at intervals.
- An n + region 124 is formed in the surface layer of the p region 123 inside the p region 123.
- a p + region 125 is formed at a position adjacent to the n + region 124. From the top of the n + region 124 in one p region 123, the breakdown voltage holding layer 122 exposed between the p region 123 and the two p regions 123, the other p region 123, and the n + region 124 in the other p region 123 An oxide film 126 is formed so as to extend to.
- a gate electrode 110 is formed on the oxide film 126.
- a source electrode 111 is formed on the n + region 124 and the p + region 125.
- An upper source electrode 127 is formed on the source electrode 111.
- the maximum value of the nitrogen atom concentration in the region within 10 nm from the interface between the oxide film 126 and the n + region 124, p + region 125, p region 123 and the breakdown voltage holding layer 122 as the semiconductor layer is 1 ⁇ 10 21 cm ⁇ 3. That's it. Thereby, the mobility of the channel region under the oxide film 126 (part of the p region 123 between the n + region 124 and the breakdown voltage holding layer 122, which is in contact with the oxide film 126) can be improved. .
- 23 to 26 show only steps in the vicinity of the single crystal plate 11 among the single crystal plates 11 to 19 (FIG. 1), but the same applies to the vicinity of each of the single crystal plates 12 to 19. These steps are performed.
- a silicon carbide substrate 80 (FIGS. 1 and 2) is prepared. Silicon carbide substrate 80 has n type conductivity.
- buffer layer 121 and breakdown voltage holding layer 122 are formed as follows by the epitaxial layer forming step (step S120: FIG. 22).
- buffer layer 121 is formed on the surface of silicon carbide substrate 80.
- Buffer layer 121 is made of n-type silicon carbide and is, for example, an epitaxial layer having a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m. Further, the concentration of the conductive impurity in the buffer layer 121 is set to 5 ⁇ 10 17 cm ⁇ 3 , for example.
- the breakdown voltage holding layer 122 is formed on the buffer layer 121. Specifically, a layer made of silicon carbide of n-type conductivity is formed by an epitaxial growth method.
- the thickness of the breakdown voltage holding layer 122 is, for example, 10 ⁇ m.
- the concentration of the n-type conductive impurity in the breakdown voltage holding layer 122 is, for example, 5 ⁇ 10 15 cm ⁇ 3 .
- p region 123, n + region 124, and p + region 125 are formed as follows by the implantation step (step S130: FIG. 22).
- an impurity having a p-type conductivity is selectively implanted into a part of the breakdown voltage holding layer 122, whereby the p region 123 is formed.
- n + region 124 is formed by selectively injecting n-type conductive impurities into a predetermined region, and p-type conductive impurities having a conductivity type are selectively injected into the predetermined region. As a result, a p + region 125 is formed.
- the impurity is selectively implanted using a mask made of an oxide film, for example.
- an activation annealing process is performed.
- annealing is performed in an argon atmosphere at a heating temperature of 1700 ° C. for 30 minutes.
- a gate insulating film forming step (step S140: FIG. 22) is performed. Specifically, oxide film 126 is formed so as to cover the breakdown voltage holding layer 122, p region 123, n + region 124, and p + region 125. This formation may be performed by dry oxidation (thermal oxidation). The dry oxidation conditions are, for example, a heating temperature of 1200 ° C. and a heating time of 30 minutes.
- a nitrogen annealing step (step S150) is performed. Specifically, an annealing process is performed in a nitrogen monoxide (NO) atmosphere.
- the heating temperature is 1100 ° C. and the heating time is 120 minutes.
- nitrogen atoms are introduced in the vicinity of the interface between each of the breakdown voltage holding layer 122, the p region 123, the n + region 124, and the p + region 125 and the oxide film 126.
- an annealing process using an argon (Ar) gas that is an inert gas may be further performed.
- the conditions for this treatment are, for example, a heating temperature of 1100 ° C. and a heating time of 60 minutes.
- the source electrode 111 and the drain electrode 112 are formed as follows by the electrode formation step (step S160: FIG. 22).
- a resist film having a pattern is formed on the oxide film 126 by photolithography. Using this resist film as a mask, portions of oxide film 126 located on n + region 124 and p + region 125 are removed by etching. As a result, an opening is formed in the oxide film 126. Next, a conductor film is formed in contact with each of n + region 124 and p + region 125 in this opening. Next, by removing the resist film, the portion of the conductor film located on the resist film is removed (lifted off).
- the conductor film may be a metal film, and is made of nickel (Ni), for example. As a result of this lift-off, the source electrode 111 is formed.
- the heat processing for alloying is performed here.
- heat treatment is performed for 2 minutes at a heating temperature of 950 ° C. in an atmosphere of argon (Ar) gas that is an inert gas.
- the upper source electrode 127 is formed on the source electrode 111.
- drain electrode 112 is formed on the back surface of silicon carbide substrate 80.
- the semiconductor device 100 is obtained.
- Silicon carbide substrate for manufacturing semiconductor device 100 is not limited to silicon carbide substrate 80 of the first embodiment.
- the silicon carbide substrate of the second or third embodiment, or each of the embodiments A silicon carbide substrate of a modification may be used.
- a vertical DiMOSFET is illustrated, other semiconductor devices may be manufactured using the silicon carbide substrate of the present invention.
- a RESURF-JFET Reduced Surface Field-Junction Field Effect Transistor
- a Schottky diode is manufactured. May be.
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Abstract
Description
(実施の形態1)
図1および図2を参照して、本実施の形態の炭化珪素基板80は、支持部30と、支持部30によって支持された被支持部10aと、接合部BDとを有する。被支持部10aは、炭化珪素からなる単結晶板11~19を有する。単結晶板11~19の各々は、裏面および表面を有する。たとえば単結晶板11(第1の単結晶板)は裏面B1(第1の裏面)および表面F1(第1の表面)を有し、単結晶板12(第2の単結晶板)は裏面B2(第2の裏面)および表面F2(第2の表面)を有する。支持部30は、単結晶板11~19の各々の裏面に接合されている。
なお複合基板80Pの加熱の温度の検討実験を行ったところ、1600℃では接合部BDが十分に形成されないという問題があり、3000℃では単結晶板11、12にダメージが生じるという問題があったが、これらの問題は、1800℃、2000℃、および2500℃の各々では見られなかった。また加熱の温度を2000℃に固定して、上記の加熱の際の雰囲気圧力についての検討を行った。この結果、100kPaでは接合部BDが形成されず、また50kPaでは接合部BDが形成されにくいという問題があったが、この問題は、10kPa、100Pa、1Pa、0.1Pa、0.0001Paでは見られなかった。
図9を参照して、接合部BDが平面視(図1)において表面F1およびF2の間を線状に延びる方向における、接合部BDのうちの多結晶部BDb(図3B)の長さの、接合部BDの全長に対するパーセンテージと、炭化珪素基板80の反りとの関係の一例について説明する。このパーセンテージが0%の場合は反りが210μm程度であったが、このパーセンテージが1%の場合、反りが190μm程度に抑制された。またこのパーセンテージが10%の場合、反りが65μm程度に抑制された。
本実施の形態においては、実施の形態1で用いられる複合基板80P(図4、図5)の製造方法について、特に支持部30が炭化珪素からなる場合について詳しく説明する。なお以下において説明を簡略化するために単結晶板11~19(図4、図5)のうち単結晶板11および12に関してのみ言及する場合があるが、単結晶板13~19も単結晶板11および12と同様に扱われる。
以下に、本実施の炭化珪素基板の製造方法およびその変形例について説明する。なお以下において説明を簡略化するために単結晶板11~19(図1)のうち単結晶板11および12に関してのみ言及する場合があるが、単結晶板13~19も単結晶板11および12と同様に扱われる。
図18を参照して、単結晶板11の表面F1上にレジスト液40が塗布される。次にレジスト液40が炭化される。
図21を参照して、本実施の形態の半導体装置100は、縦型DiMOSFET(Double Implanted Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor)であって、炭化珪素基板80、バッファ層121、耐圧保持層122、p領域123、n+領域124、p+領域125、酸化膜126、ソース電極111、上部ソース電極127、ゲート電極110、およびドレイン電極112を有する。
Claims (6)
- 第1の側面(S1)を有し、炭化珪素からなる第1の単結晶板(11)と、
前記第1の側面と対向する第2の側面(S2)を有し、炭化珪素からなる第2の単結晶板(12)と、
前記第1および第2の側面の間で前記第1および第2の側面を互いにつなぎ、炭化珪素からなる接合部(BD)とを備え、
前記接合部の少なくとも一部は多結晶構造を有する、炭化珪素基板(80)。 - 前記第1および第2の単結晶板のそれぞれは第1および第2の裏面(B1,B2)を有し、
前記第1および第2の裏面の各々に接合された支持部(30)をさらに備える、請求項1に記載の炭化珪素基板。 - 前記第1および第2の単結晶板のそれぞれは第1および第2の表面(F1,F2)を有し、
前記接合部は平面視において前記第1および第2の表面の間を線状に延びるように形成されており、前記線状に延びる方向において、前記接合部のうち多結晶構造を有する部分の長さが前記接合部の全長に対して1%以上100%以下である、請求項1に記載の炭化珪素基板。 - 前記線状に延びる方向において、前記接合部のうち前記多結晶構造を有する部分の長さが前記接合部の全長に対して10%以上である、請求項3に記載の炭化珪素基板。
- 前記炭化珪素基板の厚さ(T)に対する前記炭化珪素基板の平面視における最大長さ(D)の割合は50以上500以下である、請求項1に記載の炭化珪素基板。
- 前記炭化珪素基板の平面視における最大長さ(D)が100mm以上である、請求項1に記載の炭化珪素基板。
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| DE112012001453.7T DE112012001453T5 (de) | 2011-03-25 | 2012-02-15 | Siliziumkarabidsubstrat |
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| JP2011066916A JP2012201543A (ja) | 2011-03-25 | 2011-03-25 | 炭化珪素基板 |
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| WO2017090279A1 (ja) * | 2015-11-24 | 2017-06-01 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 炭化珪素単結晶基板、炭化珪素エピタキシャル基板および炭化珪素半導体装置の製造方法 |
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| JPH1129397A (ja) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-02-02 | Nippon Pillar Packing Co Ltd | 単結晶SiCおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2000044393A (ja) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-02-15 | Denso Corp | 炭化珪素単結晶の製造方法 |
| WO2010131568A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 炭化珪素基板、半導体装置および炭化珪素基板の製造方法 |
| WO2011052321A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 炭化珪素基板の製造方法および炭化珪素基板 |
| WO2011052320A1 (ja) * | 2009-10-30 | 2011-05-05 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 炭化珪素基板の製造方法および炭化珪素基板 |
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| EP0659911A1 (en) * | 1993-12-23 | 1995-06-28 | International Business Machines Corporation | Method to form a polycrystalline film on a substrate |
| US5904892A (en) * | 1996-04-01 | 1999-05-18 | Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corp. | Tape cast silicon carbide dummy wafer |
| EP0922792A4 (en) * | 1997-06-27 | 2000-08-16 | Nippon Pillar Packing | SiC SINGLE CRYSTAL AND METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION THEREOF |
| US6214108B1 (en) * | 1998-05-19 | 2001-04-10 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toyota Chuo Kenkyusho | Method of manufacturing silicon carbide single crystal and silicon carbide single crystal manufactured by the same |
| WO2001018872A1 (en) * | 1999-09-07 | 2001-03-15 | Sixon Inc. | SiC WAFER, SiC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE, AND PRODUCTION METHOD OF SiC WAFER |
| US6562127B1 (en) * | 2002-01-16 | 2003-05-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Method of making mosaic array of thin semiconductor material of large substrates |
| US7109521B2 (en) * | 2004-03-18 | 2006-09-19 | Cree, Inc. | Silicon carbide semiconductor structures including multiple epitaxial layers having sidewalls |
| CA2682834A1 (en) * | 2007-04-05 | 2008-10-23 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method for fabricating the same |
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2011
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2012
- 2012-02-15 WO PCT/JP2012/053495 patent/WO2012132594A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-02-15 DE DE112012001453.7T patent/DE112012001453T5/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2012-02-15 CN CN2012800012351A patent/CN102869817A/zh active Pending
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| JPH1129397A (ja) * | 1997-07-04 | 1999-02-02 | Nippon Pillar Packing Co Ltd | 単結晶SiCおよびその製造方法 |
| JP2000044393A (ja) * | 1998-07-21 | 2000-02-15 | Denso Corp | 炭化珪素単結晶の製造方法 |
| WO2010131568A1 (ja) * | 2009-05-11 | 2010-11-18 | 住友電気工業株式会社 | 炭化珪素基板、半導体装置および炭化珪素基板の製造方法 |
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