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WO2012126139A1 - 一种平衡蓄电池组中各电池放电的方法和装置 - Google Patents

一种平衡蓄电池组中各电池放电的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012126139A1
WO2012126139A1 PCT/CN2011/000461 CN2011000461W WO2012126139A1 WO 2012126139 A1 WO2012126139 A1 WO 2012126139A1 CN 2011000461 W CN2011000461 W CN 2011000461W WO 2012126139 A1 WO2012126139 A1 WO 2012126139A1
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Prior art keywords
battery
voltage
charging
battery pack
batteries
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PCT/CN2011/000461
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
汪惠颂
张建明
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SHANGHAI CIIC ENERTECH CO Ltd
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SHANGHAI CIIC ENERTECH CO Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/000461 priority Critical patent/WO2012126139A1/zh
Priority to CN2011800033372A priority patent/CN102668315A/zh
Publication of WO2012126139A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012126139A1/zh
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    • H02J7/54—
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for balancing the discharge of individual batteries in a battery pack. Background technique
  • the battery pack In the power security system of the communications, finance, power and other industries, the battery pack is the most common backup power source and serves as the last power guarantee. When the power facility interrupts the power supply for some reason, the load is supplied by the corresponding battery pack.
  • the discharge capacity of the battery pack depends on the capacity of the battery with the lowest capacity in the group. Once the battery with the lowest capacity is discharged, the battery will stop supplying power.
  • the battery pack After the deep discharge is completed, the battery pack must be charged to restore capacity.
  • the charging mode of the battery pack is: After deep discharge, firstly charge the current with a constant current and a constant current to restore the basic capacity of the battery; then charge with a small current in the floating charge mode to maintain the capacity of the battery.
  • the constant current charging since the starting point of some low-capacity battery charging is low, the constant current charging process has ended before the capacity thereof has not fully recovered, and these batteries are in a state of undercharging (or poor charging quality); Some batteries with good battery capacity have a high starting point for charging, and the capacity is restored early before the end of constant current charging. At the end of constant current charging, these batteries are already overcharged. Overcharging of some batteries and undercharging of some batteries make the battery pack short-lived.
  • the batteries with low capacity tend to be self-discharged. During the floating charge, the capacity lost by self-discharge of these batteries cannot be fully compensated by the float charge, so some active substances in the battery tend to be sulfated, resulting in further capacity. decline. After another deep discharge, these batteries have a lower charging starting point; new batteries with higher capacity or replacement make the battery pack uniformity worse, and the batteries themselves are overcharged during the equalization process after deep discharge. Over time, the capacity gap between the batteries in the battery pack is getting larger and larger, and the uniformity of the battery pack is getting worse. This difference usually manifests itself after the battery pack is put into operation for one year. After three years, the highest capacity battery in most battery packs tends to be more than 15% higher than the capacity of the lowest capacity battery. After that, this difference in capacity will be further expanded. After 6 years, it is also common for this difference to more than double.
  • the uniformity of the battery pack during discharge is poor, resulting in partial battery overcharging and partial battery undercharging (or poor charging quality) during subsequent charging, which in turn makes the battery pack uniformity worse.
  • the present invention proposes a method and apparatus for balancing the discharge of each battery in a battery pack.
  • the method of the invention comprises the following steps:
  • the device of the invention comprises:
  • a voltage measuring device for measuring voltage of each battery terminal in the battery pack
  • a charging device for charging one or several selected batteries in the battery pack
  • a connecting device for connecting the voltage measuring device and the charging device to each battery in the battery pack; and a control device for controlling the connecting device to connect the voltage measuring device to each battery to obtain a terminal voltage of each battery, and selecting a terminal a battery having a voltage lower than an average value of the terminal voltage to a certain value, and controlling the connecting device to connect the charging device to the selected one or more batteries for charging, for the unselected battery Then, the connecting device is not connected to the charging device, or if it is connected, the connecting device is controlled to be disconnected.
  • the method and device of the present invention actually play the role of charging a battery with a lower terminal voltage during deep discharge while discharging it, thereby actually reducing the discharge amount of the battery and prolonging the discharge time.
  • the battery with a higher voltage at the opposite end is not charged, and the discharge amount is not reduced.
  • the entire battery pack has a longer discharge time and the discharge capacity is fully utilized.
  • the battery with a large terminal voltage and a large capacity is more discharged, and the battery with a lower terminal voltage and a smaller capacity is less discharged, so that all the batteries are in the same state after the end of the discharge, thereby achieving a relative balance, thereby making the entire battery pack uniform.
  • the performance is improved, thereby avoiding the problem of partial battery undercharge and partial battery overcharge during the process of restoring the battery capacity after deep discharge.
  • Figure 1 is a flow chart of the method of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram of one embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention. detailed description
  • the method of the present invention begins by measuring the terminal voltage of each battery in the battery pack from step one.
  • step two the average value of the terminal voltage is calculated from the measured terminal voltage.
  • step three the terminal voltage of each battery is compared with the average value.
  • step 4 for a battery whose terminal voltage is higher than the average value, or although it is lower, but the difference does not reach the preset value, charging is not performed, and if it is being charged, charging is stopped immediately.
  • step 5 the battery is charged immediately for a battery whose terminal voltage is lower than the average value and whose difference reaches or exceeds the preset value. Steps four and five are performed simultaneously.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of the apparatus of the present invention.
  • the battery pack 1 is formed by connecting a plurality of batteries (usually 24 for the communication switching device).
  • the battery pack 1 is connected to the voltage measuring device 3 and the charging device 4 through the connecting device 2, respectively.
  • the connecting device 2 can comprise two separate sets of switching devices.
  • the switching means for connecting the voltage measuring device 3 to the battery pack 1 may be an electronic switch, and under the control of the control device 5, the voltage measuring device 3 may be connected in turn to each end of each battery to measure the terminal voltage thereof.
  • the switching device for connecting the charging device 4 to the battery pack 1 may be a switching array composed of a relay having one or more inputs, and a plurality of outputs, and may be under the control of the control device 5 One input is connected to any of a plurality of outputs.
  • the voltage measuring device 3 can be composed of one or more A/D converters, which can convert the terminal voltage of the battery into a digital form and output it to the control device 5.
  • the control device 5 is constituted by a CPU as a core.
  • the connection device 2 By controlling the connection device 2, the voltage measuring device 3 is connected to both ends of all the batteries in turn or at the same time, the terminal voltage is measured, and the average value of each battery terminal voltage is calculated according to the measurement result, and Each battery terminal voltage is compared to the average. If a battery terminal voltage is lower than the average value, and the difference reaches or exceeds a certain set value, for example, 20 mv, the control connection device 2 applies an output voltage of the charging device 4 to both ends of the battery. Charge it.
  • a certain set value for example, 20 mv
  • the control device 5 controls the charging device 4 to temporarily stop outputting the charging voltage to the battery.
  • the charging device 4 may comprise several sets of identical and independent DC/DC converters, using the battery pack 1 as a power source, and reducing the output voltage (typically 48V in the case of 24 batteries) to a predetermined voltage, for example 2.5V, Then, it is superimposed on both ends of the battery by the connecting device 2 to charge it.
  • the output of each DC/DC converter is controlled by the control unit 5 and can be interrupted at any time. If there are three sets of DC/DC converters, the charging device 4 can simultaneously output three sets of charging voltages, which means that three batteries can be charged simultaneously.
  • the switching device for connecting the charging device 4 to the battery in the connecting device 2 is a gate switching array composed of, for example, a relay, and an output voltage of the charging device 4 can be superimposed to a plurality under the control of the control device 5. Charge the battery at either end of either battery.
  • the control device 5 can also store the measurement results of the voltage measuring device 3 in the data storage device 6.
  • a battery with a low terminal voltage and a small capacity is charged while being discharged, thereby slowing down the process of capacity and terminal voltage drop.
  • the extended discharge time of the battery also extends the discharge time of the entire battery.
  • a battery with a high capacity has a longer discharge voltage, and its terminal voltage drops more at the end of discharge, and thus is closer to a battery terminal voltage having a lower capacity. In this way, the entire battery pack maintains a relatively balanced state and its service life is extended.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Description

技术领域
本发明涉及一种平衡蓄电池组中各电池放电的方法及装置。 背景技术
在通信、 金融、 电力等行业的电力保障系统中， 蓄电池组是最常见的备用电源， 担当 最后一道电力保障。 电力设施因某种原因中断电力供给时， 由相应的电池组对负载供电。 蓄电池组的放电能力取决于该组中容量最低的那个电池的容量， 一旦容量最低的电池放电 完毕， 该组电池也就停止供电。
深放电完毕后， 必须对蓄电池组进行充电以恢复容量。
蓄电池组的充电模式是： 深度放电以后首先以均充方式大电流恒流充电， 使电池恢复 基本容量； 然后以浮充方式小电流进行充电， 以保持电池的容量。 事实上， 恒流充电期间 由于某些容量偏低的电池充电的起点低， 在其容量尚没有得到完全恢复之前恒流充电过程 已经结束， 这些电池处于欠充 （或充电质量差） 的状态； 而某些电池容量状况很好的电池 充电的起点高， 在恒流充电结束之前早早地恢复了容量， 恒流充电结束时这些电池已经处 于过充状态。 部分电池的过充和部分电池的欠充使得电池组短寿。
容量偏低的电池往往自放电较为严重， 在浮充期间， 这些电池自放电所损失的容量无 法通过浮充全部得到充分地补偿， 于是电池中部分活性物质趋向硫酸盐化， 从而导致其容 量进一步下降。 在又一次深度放电之后， 这些电池充电起点更低； 容量偏高或置换的新电 池使得电池组的均一性变差，这些电池本身在深放电之后的均充过程中会过充。长此以往, 蓄电池组中各电池之间的容量差距越来越大， 电池组的均一性越来越差。 这种差异一般在 电池组投入运行 1年后便显现出来， 3年以后大多数电池组中最高容量的电池往往比最低 容量电池的容量高出 15%以上。 之后， 这种容量上的差异还会进一步扩大。 6年以后， 这 种差异达到一倍以上也是很常见的。
电池组在放电期间所表现出来的均一性差， 导致在之后的充电过程中部分电池过充和 部分电池欠充 （或充电质量差）， 进而使得电池组均一性更差。 发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的上述问题， 本发明提出了一种平衡蓄电池组中各电池放电 的方法及装置。
本发明方法包括下列步骤：
1 . 在蓄电池组发电过程中测量蓄电池组中各电池的端电压；
2. 确定其平均值;
3. 将其它电池的端电压与上述平均值比较；
4. 如果某个电池的端电压低于上述平均值， 并且差值达到或超过某一设定值， 则在 放电过程中对该电池进行充电；
5. 如果某个电池的端电压高于上述平均值， 或者虽然低于， 但差值未达到或超过某 一设定值， 则不对该电池进行充电， 如该电池正在充电， 则停止对其充电；
6. 按一定时间间隔重复上述步骤 1到 5。
本发明装置包括：
电压测量装置， 用于测量蓄电池组中各电池端电压；
充电装置， 用于对蓄电池组中被选中的一个或若干个电池进行充电；
连接装置， 用于将上述电压测量装置及充电装置与蓄电池组中各电池相连； 控制装置， 用于控制上述连接装置将上述电压测量装置与各电池相连， 取得各电池的 端电压， 选出端电压低于端电压平均值达到一定数值的一个或若干个电池， 并控制上述连 接装置将上述充电装置连接到选出的上述一个或若干个电池上， 对其进行充电， 对于未被 选中的电池， 则使上述连接装置不将其连接到上述充电装置上， 或者如果己经连接的话， 则控制上述连接装置断开连接。
本发明的方法及装置实际起到的作用在于， 深放电期间对于端电压较低的电池， 在其 放电的同时对其进行充电， 实际上减少了该电池的放电量， 使其放电时间得以延长； 而对 端电压较高的电池则不进行充电， 其放电量不会减少。 这样一来， 整个蓄电池组放电时间 延长， 放电能力得以充分发挥。 并且， 端电压高容量较大的电池多放电， 端电压低容量较 小的电池少放电， 使所有电池在放电结束后处于差不多相同的状态下， 实现相对的平衡， 从而使得整个蓄电池组的均一性得到了改善， 进而避免了在深放电之后均充恢复电池容量 的过程中部分电池欠充和部分电池过充的问题。 附图简要
图 1是本发明方法的流程图；
图 2是本发明装置一个实施例的框图。 具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
如图 1所示， 本发明的方法首先从步骤一测量蓄电池组中各各电池的端电压开始。 在步骤二， 从测得的端电压计算出端电压平均值。 在步骤三， 将各电池的端电压与平均值 进行比较。 在步骤四， 对于端电压高于平均值， 或者虽然低于， 但差值未达到预先设定值 的电池， 不进行充电， 如果正在对其进行充电， 则立即停止充电。 在步骤五， 对于端电压 低于平均值并且差值达到或超过预先设定值的电池， 立即进行充电。 步骤四和五是同时进 行的。
将上述程序循环往复进行， 直至蓄电池组放电结束。
图 2所示为本发明装置一个实施例的框图。
图中， 蓄电池组 1由多个 （用于通信交换设备的电池组通常为 24个） 电池串联而成。 蓄电池组 1通过连接装置 2分别连接到电压测量装置 3和充电装置 4。 连接装置 2可 以包括两组独立的开关装置。 用于将电压测量装置 3连接蓄电池组 1的开关装置可以是一 种电子开关，可以在控制装置 5的控制下，将电压测量装置 3轮流连接到每一个电池两端， 测量其端电压。 而用于将充电装置 4连接蓄电池组 1的开关装置可以是用继电器组成的切 换阵列， 该开关装置具有一个或多个输入端， 以及多个输出端， 并且可以在控制装置 5的 控制下将一个输入端连接至多个输出端中的任意一个。
电压测量装置 3可以由一个或多个 A/D转换器组成，可以将电池的端电压转换成数字 形式， 输出到控制装置 5。
控制装置 5以 CPU为核心构成， 通过控制连接装置 2, 将电压测量装置 3轮流或同时 连接到所有电池的两端， 测量其端电压， 根据测量结果计算各电池端电压的平均值， 并将 各电池端电压与该平均值进行比较。 如果某一电池端电压低于平均值， 并且其差值达到或 超过某一设定值， 例如 20mv， 则控制连接装置 2将充电装置 4的一个输出电压加到该电 池的两端， 对其进行充电。
为获得准确的测量结果， 当电压测量装置 3测量某一电池端电压的时候， 如果正在对 该电池充电， 则控制装置 5会控制充电装置 4暂时停止对该电池输出充电电压。 充电装置 4可以包括若干组相同和独立的 DC/DC转换器， 利用蓄电池组 1作为电源， 将其输出的电压 （在 24个电池的情况下通常为 48V) 降低至预定电压， 例如 2.5V, 然后 通过连接装置 2叠加到电池的两端， 对其进行充电。 每一 DC/DC转换器的输出受到控制 装置 5的控制， 可以随时中断。 如果有三组 DC/DC转换器， 则充电装置 4就可同时输出 三组充电电压， 也意味着可以同时对三个电池进行充电。
连接装置 2中用于将充电装置 4连接到蓄电池的开关装置是一种例如用继电器组成的 选通切换阵列， 可以在控制装置 5的控制下， 将充电装置 4的一个输出电压叠加到多个电 池中任意一个的两端， 对该电池进行充电。
控制装置 5还可以将电压测量装置 3的测量结果储存在数据存储装置 6中。
端电压低、 容量较小的电池在放电的同时得到充电， 因而减缓了容量和端电压下降的 过程。 该电池放电时间延长， 也使得整组蓄电池的放电时间得以延长。 容量高的电池因为 更长的放电时间，在放电结束时， 其端电压下降更多， 因而与容量低的电池端电压更接近。 这样， 整组蓄电池保持较为均衡的状态， 其使用寿命得以延长。
本发明结合上述典型实施例进行了详细描述， 各种选择、 修改、 变化、 改进和 /或基 本的等同技术， 目前已知的或者是 （可能） 未知的内容， 对本领域的普通技术人员是熟知 的。 因此， 本发明的上述的典型实施例， 在与阐明而不在于限制本发明。 在不脱离本发明 的精神和范围之内可以做多种改变。 因此， 本发明可以包含所有已知的或者以后发展的选 择、 修改、 变化、 改进和 /或基本的等同技术。

Claims

权利 要 求 书
1、 一种平衡蓄电池组中各电池放电的方法， 其特征在于， 该方法包括下列步骤：
1 . 在蓄电池组发电过程中测量蓄电池组中各电池的端电压；
2. 确定其平均值；
3. 将其它电池的端电压与上述平均值比较；
4. 如果某个电池的端电压低于上述平均值的数值达到或超过某一设定值， 则在放电 过程中对该电池进行充电；
5. 如果某个电池的端电压高于上述平均值， 或者虽然低于， 但差值未达到或超过某 一设定值， 则不对该电池进行充电， 如该电池正在充电， 则停止对其充电；
6. 按一定时间间隔重复上述步骤 1到 5。
2、 一种平衡蓄电池组中各电池放电的装置， 其特征在于， 该装置包括：
电压测量装置， 用于测量蓄电池组中各电池端电压；
充电装置， 用于对蓄电池组中被选中的一个或若干个电池进行充电；
连接装置， 用于将上述电压测量装置及充电装置与蓄电池组中各电池相连； 控制装置， 用于控制上述连接装置将上述电压测量装置与各电池相连， 取得各电池的 端电压， 选出端电压低于端电压平均值达到一定数值的一个或若干个电池， 并控制上述连 接装置将上述充电装置连接到选出的上述一个或若干个电池上， 对其进行充电， 对于未被 选中的电池， 则使上述连接装置不将其连接到上述充电装置上， 或者如果己经连接的话， 则控制上述连接装置断开连接。
3、 如权利要求 2所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述电压测量装置可以包括一个或多个 A/D 转换器， 用于将电池的端电压转换成数字形式， 输出到控制装置。
4、 如权利要求 2所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述充电装置可以包括若干组相同和独立的 DC/DC转换器， 利用蓄电池组作为电源， 将其输出的电压降低至预定电压， 然后通过连接 装置叠加到电池的两端， 对其进行充电。
5、 如权利要求 4所述的装置， 其特征在于， 每一 DC/DC转换器的输出受到控制装置的 控制， 可以随时中断 = ―
更正页 （细则第 91条） 6、 如权利要求 2所述的装置， 其特征在于， 所述连接装置可以包括两组独立的开关装置， 其中用于将电压测量装置连接蓄电池组的开关装置可以是一种电子开关， 在所述控制装置 控制下， 将电压测量装置轮流连接到每一个电池两端， 测量其端电压， 而用于将充电装置 连接蓄电池组的开关装置可以是用继电器组成的切换阵列， 该开关装置具有一个或多个输 入端， 以及多个输出端， 并且可以在所述控制装置的控制下将一个输入端连接至多个输出 端中的任意一个。
7、 如权利要求 2所述的装置， 其特征在于， 进一步包括一个数据存储装置， 用于存储所 述电压测量装置的测量结果。
更正页 （细则第 91条)
PCT/CN2011/000461 2011-03-21 2011-03-21 一种平衡蓄电池组中各电池放电的方法和装置 Ceased WO2012126139A1 (zh)

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CN103001288B (zh) * 2012-11-20 2015-09-30 中航锂电（洛阳）有限公司 电池组充放电均衡方法、均衡装置及维护装置
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