WO2012101466A1 - System for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with or without adhesives and silicones into plastic compounds by means of a vortex device - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with or without adhesives and silicones into plastic compounds, using a vortex device. The device comprises a cylindrical main body (A) formed by two coaxial cylindrical bodies, between which is provided a coil with cooling water. The main body (A) rests on a support (B) which also supports a motor (C) located at the lower end of the main body (A). In addition, a hopper (D) is provided at the upper end of the main body (A). The main body (A) includes a central shaft (E) with a series of tempered steel blades (F). This apparatus can be used to produce pellets by recycling materials using a process in which said materials are shredded separately, with the paper being subsequently subjected to a second shredding process in a vortex device, and thereafter the components are mixed without water.

Description

 DESCRIPTION

SYSTEM OF TRANSFORMATION OF FILMS OF PLASTIC POLYMERS AND OF PAPERS WITH AND WITHOUT ADHESIVES AND SILICONES TO COMPOUNDS

PLASTICS THROUGH A VTEX MACHINE

1 - TECHNICAL FIELD

This invention is related to the graphic arts industry, specifically with plastic films (polypropylene, polyester, polyethylene) and papers, with and without adhesive applications (acrylic emulsions) and backs with and without silicone. In particular, it is a cellulose alloy system present on paper with plastic polymers, for obtaining pellets by means of extrusion processes.

The problem that arises today is that the polymers used by the graphic arts industries are not recycled because an appropriate method is not known, causing cost overruns for producing companies and affecting the environment.

i 2 - STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

The problem with the waste of self-adhesive plastic films is that to date there is no adequate method to recycle them; There are also no adequate methods to recycle silicone and adhesive papers, all of which are by-products of the graphic arts industries. In other words, the only way to dispose of this material is to pour it into landfills, with adverse consequences for the environment.

On the other hand, in the case of papers with silicone and adhesive application, the recycling problem is solved in the state of the art in the following ways:

- Silicone papers are recycled in cardboard production processes, new papers and packaging materials such as egg trays and in general substitutes for expanded polystyrene in the packaging of electrical and electronic equipment.

- In the case of recycling silicone papers to produce new papers, it has been found that the fiber is short and its fiber content is poor, which is why it is necessary to add fiber from other primary sources.

- On the other hand, silicone papers are used a second time generally as packaging material, without this being a very suitable recycling method, but rather a way of using them. Said method consists of locating the silicone and self-adhesive papers in a pulping hydro, which erodes and amalgams them. The material thus obtained is poured into molds, pressed and exposed to temperatures in drying ovens. This system has many disadvantages. First, the amount of water needed for the system is high, and this water, although it can be used in more than one cycle, reaches a point where the presence of chemicals and lumps is no longer usable. Additionally, filtering and water treatment generates subsequent costs. Similarly, self-adhesive papers generate solid waste that must be dumped in landfills and that are not recyclable. In other words, although the product is partially recovered, the cost and the discharges generated are high.

- The papers with adhesive alone present inconveniences for recycling. Many companies have tried to extract the adhesive, but these systems are not viable since they are extremely expensive and produce a minimum recoverable amount, because the fibers deteriorate with the chemicals added for the extraction of the adhesive.

- With regard to polyester, it is necessary to distinguish between polyester without adhesives and without silicones on the one hand, which today is recycled in the textile and plastic wood industries; and polyester with adhesives and silicones on the other, which is currently not recycled due to lack of a suitable method for this.

The system for transforming films from plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds exceeds all these past attempts, since it allows recycling of surpluses of self-adhesive polypropylene with backing, with or without printing, thereby significantly exceeding the Current state of the art.

- Regarding the recycling of silicone papers, the system of Transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not at any time use chemical agents, using a physical method, so it has a positive environmental impact.

Additionally, the system for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not cause any damage to the material being treated, which is why its recyclability percentage is not reduced. With regard to the use of silicone paper as a packaging material, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the obvious advantage of being a system to recycle the material, convert it into other new products, different to take advantage of it as a kind of packaging.

Regarding the recycling system of siliconized paper together with self-adhesive paper, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is a closed cycle: only water is used for cooling and it does not enter in direct contact with the materials. In this way, the water used is not contaminated and can be recirculated. Additionally, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds does not produce waste, all the products produced can be used, even products that do not meet quality standards can be reprocessed and At the end of their useful life they can return to the same process, without degenerating or losing the virtues of their first cycle, the system guarantees that there is no loss of material.

Regarding the adhesive paper recycling systems, the plastic polymer film and paper transformation system with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the advantage of making it possible with lower costs and without affecting or damaging the fibers, which are totally reused.

- Regarding polyester, the system for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the advantage of allowing the polyester to be recycled when it has adhesives and when it has silicones, constituting a remarkable advance in the state of The technique.

In summary, the system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds has the great advantage over the state of the art developed, to allow recycling of heterogeneous materials under a single scheme, which currently, if They are recycled, require different recycling processes, such as polyester, polypropylene and paper, regardless of whether they have adhesive, silicone or other chemical substances.

3 - DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGURE 1

 Isometric view of the vertex machine.

FIGURE 2

Isometric view of the axis with blades of the vertex machine. FIGURE 3

 Isometric view of a top or generic blade.

 FIGURE 4

 Isometric view of a bottom blade

FIGURE 5

 Side and cut view of the vertex machine.

FIGURE 6

Top and cut view of the vertex machine.

4 - DESCRIPTION OF THE PATENT

The system for transforming films from plastic polymers and from paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is made up of several phases, among which it is important to highlight the presence of a vortex mincing machine.

In the first place, the plastics are separated from the papers, in such a way that with this method the process of each other is independent and they are not crushed together. Indeed, after such separation, the materials thus obtained are inserted separately in a chopper, first chopping the plastic and then the paper. Chopping the materials separately gives small-sized pieces for both materials.

The shredded pieces of paper thus obtained face a new process in a vortex chopper (FIGURE 1). Said chopper is composed of a cylindrical main body (FIGURE 1 - A) of a variable height between 1.30 meters and 1.70 meters, preferably 1.50 meters, and a diameter between 40 centimeters and 60 centimeters, preferably 50 centimeters. Said main body rests on a support (FIGURE 1 - B), which, in addition to supporting the weight of the main body, also supports the three-phase high rotation motor with between 25 and 30 horsepower (FIGURE 1 - C), whose head is embedded in the support and which is located at the lower end of the main body. At the upper end of the main body and in a lateral position, the hopper (FGURA 1 - D) is located through which the shredded papers are inserted. The total height, including the support and the hopper, is between 2.20 meters and 2.70 meters, preferably 2.40 meters.

The hopper (FIGURE 1 - D) is of sealing action to prevent the escape of paper particles, through a sliding sheet (FIGURE 1 - O), which is located at the base of the hopper, where it joins the main body. Inside the main body is a central axis (FIGURE 2 - E) along which is a series of 14 blades of tempered steel, with a thickness not exceeding 5 millimeters (FIGURE 2 - F). The central axis has a height of approximately 1.70 centimeters and a diameter of 4 inches. The blades fit with each other by means of female and male eyelashes, so as not to interlace. In order to fix the blades to the shaft and prevent them from turning, both the shaft and each blade have a channel 0.3 centimeters deep, in which a 0.6 cm steel wedge is inserted, which secures each blade to the shaft. Additionally, blades number 1 and 14 are secured by means of a 10 mm long screw, located outside the base of the blade.

Between each of the blades there is a distance of 8 centimeters; the three lower blades are differentiated (FIGURE 3) from the upper blades (FIGURE 4). In fact, the upper blades have a length of 98 centimeters, and the shape of an elongated rhombus, whose external tips (FIGURE 4 - L) are cut, being located in the center of said rhombus, at an equidistant distance from the extremities, the cavity that receives the system of coupling of the blades with the central axis (FIGURE 4 - M). The lower blades that have a length of 85 centimeters and are composed of two flat rectangles which are sealed to the axis of support of the blades generating opposite angles with a calculated inclination that generates an angle of 22.5 degrees with respect to the surface (FIGURE 3 - N). The lower blades are shorter to allow greater material rotation. Indeed, since the upper blades are separated from the inner walls of the main body only an inch apart, if this scheme is repeated throughout the entire main body the material would stick from the inner walls and would not go outside. The blades Lower, being shorter, allow the paper to fall by gravity. Additionally, the angle of the lower blades allows, when the crumbled paper falls, it is again propelled towards the upper blades, so that it obtains a material that will finally be very pulverized.

The shaft is connected to the main body by a system of pulleys (FIGURE 5 - H) and bearings (FIGURE 1 - I, FIGURE 5 - 1) rotating at around 6,000 to 7,000 revolutions per minute.

The main body consists of two cylindrical bodies, the one includes the other, thus generating a space (FIGURE 1 - J, FIGURE 6 - J) in which a serpentine or spiral of 2.5 cm in diameter is arranged which conducts water, allowing the cold water inlet at the top which is warmer at the bottom. The circuit is closed, the spiral connects to a cooling tower, thanks to which the warm water returns again to the upper part of the cold main body. In this way the internal temperature of the machine is maintained between 5 and 8 degrees Celsius constantly, preventing the paper fiber during its extraction from burning due to high rotation and friction. By means of this machine, the pulp of the paper is obtained in approximately 2 minutes.

This machine has the advantage, compared to those found in the state of the art, that the fiber is extracted without being damaged, completely dry and in a crumbled manner. This saves the two phases necessary today in the state of the art to obtain a similar fluff, since the pieces of paper when crumbled have dimensions that require a subsequent operation of water bathing, which is saved by means of this process, thus reducing costs and time. Additionally, thus the quality of the final product is benefited, since it allows better homogenization in the formation of amalgams.

The fluff thus obtained is expelled by the machine through the funnel of evacuation (FIGURE 1 - K, FIGURE 6 -).

Subsequently, the mixtures of cellulose quantities thus obtained are made with the polymers obtained with the first chopper. These materials are mixed in varying proportions according to the specifications of the final product and mixed in an activated barrel with a rotating movement. A mixed material is thus obtained.

The next step is to introduce this mixture into an extruder with a forced feed hopper since the material is light. Here the material is homogenized by taking a liquid / gelatinous state along the extrusion screw and the different temperature zones, the material is thus directed in orientation to the nozzle, and when entering it sets for later to be cut when exiting through the nozzle in the form of cylindrical pellets lcm thick by 2cms in length.

The system for transforming films from plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds is simple to operate, with significantly reduced operating costs, since in addition to allowing full recycling, without surplus production, water is used in a closed cycle, therefore not contaminating it or generating a waste of it. It should also be noted that the surplus generated by surplus companies, thanks to the system of transforming films from plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds becomes a gain in image and economy.

Claims

5 - REVINDICATIONS FIRST: System for transforming plastic polymer films and paper with and without adhesives and silicones into plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized by:  - A separation of the plastics from the papers, which are chopped separately in chopper machines  - The insertion of previously chopped paper pieces in a vortex machine  - The mixture of the paper fluff obtained with the vortex type machine with the plastic previously cut in an activated barrel with a rotating movement.  - The introduction of said mixture into an extruder with forced feed hopper. SECOND: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized by the separate crushing of plastic and paper, which is subsequently subjected to a second process of crushing, thus obtaining a fluff that is mixed to the already crushed plastic, generating a uniform mixture without additions of water. THIRD: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized by a vortex machine which is composed of:  - A cylindrical main body, consisting of two cylinders, the one contained in the other.  - A metal support  - A motor  - A hopper - A central shaft with 14 tempered steel blades A streamer  An evacuation funnel FOURTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized by a vortex machine, according to claim three, which is composed of a cylindrical main body, composed in turn by two cylinders, the one contained in the other, with a variable height between 1.30 meters and 1.70 meters, preferably 1.50 meters, and a diameter between 40 centimeters and 60 centimeters, preferably 50 centimeters. FIFTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a vortex machine, which rests on a support. SIXTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a three-phase motor whose head is embedded in the support. SEVENTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim 3, by a sealing action hopper thanks to a sliding sheet which is located in the base of the hopper, where it joins the main body. EIGHTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a central axis with a height of approximately 1.70 centimeters and a diameter of 4 inches NINTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a series of 14 tempered steel blades located along the central axis , with a thickness not exceeding 5 millimeters and a distance between them of 8 centimeters. TENTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim 9, by 14 tempered steel blades which fit with each other by means of female and male eyelashes and that are fixed to the shaft by means of a channel 0.3 centimeters deep, in which a 0.6 cm steel wedge is inserted, which secures each blade to the shaft. ELEVENTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim 9, by having upper blades with a length of 98 centimeters, and the shape of an elongated rhombus, whose external tips are cut, being located in the center of said rhombus, at an equidistant distance from the extremities, the cavity that receives the system of coupling of the blades with the central axis. TENTH SECOND: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim 9, by lower blades that are 85 centimeters long and consist of two flat rectangles which are sealed to the axis of support of the blades generating opposite angles with a calculated inclination of 22.5 degrees with respect to the surface. THIRTEENTH: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and papers with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by a main body consisting of two cylindrical bodies, the one includes the another, thus generating a space in which a serpentine or spiral of 2.5 cm in diameter is arranged. FOURTEEN: System for transforming films of plastic polymers and paper with and without adhesives and silicones to plastic compounds by means of a vortex machine characterized, according to claim three, by an evacuation funnel.