WO2012173154A1 - ガラス溶融炉、溶融ガラスの製造方法、ガラス物品の製造方法およびガラス物品の製造装置 - Google Patents
ガラス溶融炉、溶融ガラスの製造方法、ガラス物品の製造方法およびガラス物品の製造装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012173154A1 WO2012173154A1 PCT/JP2012/065159 JP2012065159W WO2012173154A1 WO 2012173154 A1 WO2012173154 A1 WO 2012173154A1 JP 2012065159 W JP2012065159 W JP 2012065159W WO 2012173154 A1 WO2012173154 A1 WO 2012173154A1
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- glass
- raw material
- material particle
- particles
- molten glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
- C03B19/10—Forming beads
- C03B19/1005—Forming solid beads
- C03B19/102—Forming solid beads by blowing a gas onto a stream of molten glass or onto particulate materials, e.g. pulverising
- C03B19/1025—Bead furnaces or burners
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
- C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
- C03B3/023—Preheating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B3/00—Charging the melting furnaces
- C03B3/02—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet
- C03B3/026—Charging the melting furnaces combined with preheating, premelting or pretreating the glass-making ingredients, pellets or cullet by charging the ingredients into a flame, through a burner or equivalent heating means used to heat the melting furnace
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/06—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in pot furnaces
- C03B5/08—Glass-melting pots
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/12—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture in shaft furnaces
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/23—Cooling the molten glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
- C03B5/00—Melting in furnaces; Furnaces so far as specially adapted for glass manufacture
- C03B5/16—Special features of the melting process; Auxiliary means specially adapted for glass-melting furnaces
- C03B5/235—Heating the glass
- C03B5/2353—Heating the glass by combustion with pure oxygen or oxygen-enriched air, e.g. using oxy-fuel burners or oxygen lances
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/50—Glass production, e.g. reusing waste heat during processing or shaping
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a glass melting furnace, a method for manufacturing molten glass, a method for manufacturing glass articles, and a device for manufacturing glass articles.
- Siemens that melts glass raw materials in a glass melting furnace (hereinafter also simply referred to as a “melting furnace”) is used for many mass-produced glasses ranging from plate glass, bottle glass, and fiberglass to display glass. It is produced based on the type melting furnace (Siemensementype furnace).
- Siemens-type melting furnace a mixture of powdered glass raw materials is charged on the surface of the glass melt previously melted in the melting furnace, and is a lump (hereinafter also referred to as “batch”). Is heated with a burner or the like to cause melting to proceed from the surface to gradually form a glass melt.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the melting furnace described in Patent Document 1.
- Melting furnace 100 of Patent Document 1 as the heating means for forming a high-temperature gas-phase atmosphere K 100, and includes a plurality of arc electrode 102 and the oxygen combustion nozzle 103.
- a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere K 100 of about 1600 ° C. or higher is formed in the furnace body 101 by a thermal plasma arc formed by the plurality of arc electrodes 102 or an oxyfuel flame (frame) F 100 by the oxyfuel nozzle 103.
- the melting furnace described in Patent Document 2 includes an oxygen burner attached downward to the ceiling wall of the melting furnace, and a gas supply for supplying a combustion-supporting gas containing oxygen and a fuel gas to the oxygen burner.
- the system and a raw material supply system for supplying glass raw material particles are connected.
- an oxygen burner is burned to form a downward flame, and glass raw material particles are supplied downward from the oxygen burner into the flame to produce liquid glass particles. Glass melt is formed by accumulating at the bottom of the furnace directly under the flame.
- the conventional oxygen burner used in the in-flight melting method is integrally provided with a raw material discharge port and a fuel gas or combustion gas discharge port at the tip of the burner.
- a burner has the merit that it is easy to use since the melting means and the supply means of the material to be melted are integrated, and the space of the entire apparatus can be reduced, as the powder can be introduced into the flame as well as the formation of the flame.
- the present inventors have conducted research into the glass melting method using the burner having such a structure. As a result, fine glass raw material particles having a diameter of several ⁇ m to several tens of ⁇ m are used as the raw material for the burner tip.
- the burner is also continuously used for a long period of time.
- glass raw material particles adhere to the tip of the burner to form icicles, it is necessary to stop the burner and clean or replace the burner. It is important to develop a technique in which icicle-like deposits are not formed.
- the small particle size of the glass raw material particles may cause dust and icicles in the glass melting furnace.
- the glass raw material particles should have a large particle diameter within a range in which the glass raw material particles can be melted in a high-temperature gas phase atmosphere.
- the particle diameter of the glass raw material particles is limited due to its structure. The For this reason, a method in which the particle diameter of the glass raw material particles is not limited is desired.
- the present invention aims to provide a glass melting furnace and a method for producing molten glass, which can suppress the adhesion of the glass raw material to the tip of the burner and have few restrictions on the size of the glass raw material particles. . Moreover, this invention aims at provision of the manufacturing method of the glass article using the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned molten glass. Furthermore, this invention aims at provision of the manufacturing apparatus of the glass article provided with the above-mentioned glass melting furnace.
- the present invention is provided with a furnace body that contains molten glass, a raw material particle introduction part that is disposed at an upper part of the furnace body, and that introduces glass raw material particles into the furnace body, and is separated from the raw material particle introduction part. And a combustion burner for forming a heated gas phase atmosphere for heating and melting the glass raw material particles into molten glass particles below the raw material particle charging portion.
- a combustion burner for forming a heated gas phase atmosphere for heating and melting the glass raw material particles into molten glass particles below the raw material particle charging portion.
- the front end portion of the combustion burner is separated from the charging port of the raw material particle charging unit at least in the horizontal direction and is provided separately.
- the tip of the combustion burner is installed downward around the inlet of the raw material particle inlet.
- the glass raw material particles have raw material particle preheating means for preheating the glass raw material particles before entering the raw material particle charging portion and at least one of the raw material particle charging portions. preferable.
- the raw material particle charging part may further include a glass cullet charging part for charging a cullet piece at a position different from the charging position of the glass raw material particles.
- the raw material particle charging section may include a raw material particle charging tube and a gas supply tube arranged around the raw material particle charging tube.
- the angle ⁇ formed by the combustion flame of the combustion burner by the combustion burner with respect to the vertically downward raw material particle input shaft at the raw material particle input portion is 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45 °. It is preferable that it is installed to be.
- a heated gas phase atmosphere is formed by a combustion flame of a combustion burner, and a raw material particle charging unit provided separately from the combustion burner above the heated gas phase atmosphere is matched to the target glass composition.
- a method for producing molten glass by melting glass raw material particles into molten glass particles by sending glass raw material particles mixed with raw material powder into the heated gas phase atmosphere.
- the glass raw material particles are provided as the raw material particles by providing an inlet of the raw material particle introducing portion at least horizontally apart from the tip of the combustion burner and separately. It is preferable to come into contact with the combustion flame away from the charging port of the charging unit.
- the glass raw material particles preferably have a weight average particle size in the range of 30 to 1000 ⁇ m. In the method for producing molten glass of the present invention, it is preferable to preheat the glass raw material particles before sending the glass raw material particles to the heated gas phase atmosphere. In the method for producing molten glass of the present invention, the glass raw material particles preferably have a weight average particle size in the range of 50 to 3000 ⁇ m. In the method for producing molten glass of the present invention, even if a combustion flame is ejected from the tip of the combustion burner arranged on the circumference around the inlet, around the inlet of the raw material particle inlet. Good.
- a glass cullet piece may be charged from a part of the raw material particle charging part at a position different from the charging position of the glass raw material particles.
- gas may be ejected downward from the outer periphery of the tip of the inlet of the raw material particle inlet.
- the combustion burner is configured such that the angle ⁇ formed by the combustion flame with respect to the vertically downward raw material particle input shaft in the raw material particle input portion is 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45 °. It is preferable to eject the combustion flame downward from the bottom.
- the present invention includes a step of producing a molten glass using the method for producing a molten glass according to any one of the above, a step of forming the molten glass, and a step of gradually cooling the glass after forming.
- a method for manufacturing an article is provided.
- the present invention provides a glass article comprising: the glass melting furnace according to any one of the above; a forming means for forming the molten glass produced by the glass melting furnace; and a slow cooling means for gradually cooling the glass after forming.
- This invention provides the manufacturing method of the glass bead including the process of manufacturing a molten glass using the manufacturing method of the molten glass in any one of the above, and the process of cooling this molten glass.
- the glass melting furnace of the present invention comprises a raw material particle charging part for charging glass raw material particles and a combustion burner for forming a heated gas phase atmosphere for heating and melting glass raw material particles separately, It can suppress that glass raw material particle
- a heated gas phase atmosphere is formed by a combustion flame of a combustion burner, and glass raw material particles are charged into the heated gas phase atmosphere from a raw material particle charging portion provided separately from the combustion burner.
- the glass raw material particles are heated and melted to form molten glass particles. Therefore, glass raw material particles, molten glass particles, etc. can be prevented from adhering to the tip of the burner to enlarge, and the fall of the enlarged adhering matter to the glass melt can be suppressed, and a glass having a predetermined particle diameter or more can be prevented. Since dust in the glass melting furnace can be suppressed by using the raw material particles, a homogeneous molten glass can be produced.
- the manufacturing method of the glass article of this invention can provide a homogeneous and high-quality glass article by using the manufacturing method of the above-mentioned molten glass.
- the apparatus for producing a glass article of the present invention can produce a homogeneous and high-quality glass article by including the glass melting furnace described above.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of a glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of a raw material particle charging portion provided in the glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of the raw material particle charging portion provided in the glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of the oxyfuel burner and the raw material particle charging section in the glass melting furnace shown in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing a second example of the arrangement of the oxyfuel burner and the raw material particle charging portion in the glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of a glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of a raw material particle charging portion provided in the glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view showing a third example of the arrangement of the oxyfuel burner in the glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a fourth example of the arrangement of the oxyfuel burner in the glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for producing a glass article using the method for producing molten glass according to the present invention.
- FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of an apparatus for producing glass beads by carrying out the method for producing molten glass according to the present invention.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the glass melting furnace described in Patent Document 1.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a first embodiment of a glass melting furnace according to the present invention.
- the glass melting furnace shown in FIG. 1 is used in the method for manufacturing molten glass and the method for manufacturing glass articles according to the present invention.
- a glass melting furnace 10 according to this embodiment shown in FIG. 1 is an apparatus that heats and melts glass raw material particles GM made of a mixture of glass raw materials into a molten glass particle U in a heated gas phase atmosphere K in the furnace body 1.
- the glass raw material particle GM means a granular raw material powder of each component of the target glass or a granulated body obtained by mixing and mixing these raw material powders in accordance with the composition of the final target glass.
- the raw material powder and the granulated body are mixed.
- these may also contain a glass cullet piece as a glass raw material.
- the particle diameter of the glass raw material particles of the present invention can be made larger than that used in conventional air-melting burners.
- the glass raw material particle GM which soars with the air flow in the furnace body 1 of the glass melting furnace 10 can be reduced, dust can be suppressed.
- An example of the glass raw material particles GM is enlarged and shown in FIG. 1, but in one glass raw material particle GM, which is a granulated body obtained by mixing raw material powders, approximates the composition of the final target glass.
- the composition may be as follows. The details of the glass raw material particles GM will be described later.
- the air melting method is a method for producing a glass by melting a granulated body in order to produce a glass composed of a plurality of components (usually 3 or more components). Is not limited to a granulated body as described above, and may not be granulated.
- the glass raw material particles GM are heated and decomposed in a heated gas phase atmosphere K (for example, thermal decomposition of metal carbonate to metal oxide), reaction and melting of a component that becomes glass called vitrification reaction, It becomes liquid glass particles (molten glass particles U) by a chemical reaction.
- the glass raw material particles GM charged in the furnace body 1 are melted into the molten glass particles U while passing through the high-temperature heated gas phase atmosphere K, and the molten glass particles U fall downward and enter the furnace body 1.
- the molten glass G is formed by accumulating at the bottom of the glass.
- the glass raw material particles GM are made of a granulated body, each of the grains is melted to form the molten glass particles U, but the granulated body falls on the molten glass G without completing the melting. There may be some things. In addition, some of the granulated bodies may be broken before the granulated bodies become the molten glass particles U.
- a glass melting furnace 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a hollow box-type furnace body 1 and a raw material particle introduction section for injecting glass raw material particles GM installed downward on a furnace wall portion 1A on the top of the furnace body 1 downward. 5 and through the furnace wall 1A at the top of the furnace body 1 in order to form the oxyfuel flame F toward the lower side of the raw material particle charging part 5
- a plurality of oxygen combustion burners 7 (two in the example shown in FIG. 1) installed obliquely downward around the raw material particle charging unit 5 and a storage unit 1B for molten glass G formed at the bottom of the furnace body 1 Prepare.
- the positional relationship between the outlet of the raw material particle charging unit 5 and the outlet of the oxygen burner 7 is such that the minimum horizontal distance between the outer peripheral parts of these outlets is 1 cm or more or 10% of the maximum outer diameter of the oxygen burner 7. Any one of the above values is preferable.
- the positional relationship between the raw material particle charging portion 5 and the oxygen burner 7 is that the minimum horizontal distance between the outer peripheral portions of the jet outlets is 3 cm or more or 20% or more of the maximum outer diameter of the oxygen burner 7. A larger value is more preferable.
- the positional relationship between the raw material particle charging part 5 and the oxygen burner 7 is such that the minimum horizontal distance between the outer peripheral parts of these jet outlets is 5 cm or more or 30% or more of the maximum outer diameter of the oxygen burner 7. More preferably, the value is large.
- the oxygen burner 7 may have a water cooling tube for cooling the oxygen burner itself on the outer periphery of the oxygen burner.
- the maximum outer diameter of the oxygen burner outlet in this case refers to the maximum outer diameter including the water-cooled pipe.
- the outlet of the raw material particle inlet 5 is referred to as the inlet 5A
- the outlet of the oxygen burner 7 is referred to as the tip 7A.
- the oxyfuel combustion burner 7 can form a heated gas-phase atmosphere K on the front end side (downward in FIG. 1) of the combustion flame.
- the heated gas-phase atmosphere K is composed of an oxyfuel flame F injected from the oxyfuel burner 7 and a high-temperature portion near the oxyfuel flame F.
- a heated gas phase atmosphere is formed by a combustion flame of a combustion burner, and a target particle input unit provided separately from the combustion burner is provided above the heated gas phase atmosphere,
- the upper part of the furnace body 1 means a range including the upper part of the furnace wall 1A and the side wall 1C of the furnace body 1.
- the shape of the furnace body 1 is not limited to the box-shaped rectangular parallelepiped shape shown in FIG. 1, and may be configured in a cylindrical shape.
- throwing-in part 5 is installed in the perpendicular direction downward, not only this but it may install incline if it is downward.
- the furnace wall portion 1A of the furnace body 1 has a flat shape, the shape is not limited to this, and may be a shape such as an arch shape or a dome shape.
- the bottom side of the furnace body 1 is a storage part 1B for the molten glass G, and the molten glass G can be discharged from the furnace body 1 through the discharge port 4 formed on the bottom side of the side wall 1C of the furnace body 1.
- the manufacturing apparatus of the glass article provided with the glass melting furnace 10 of this embodiment is connected to the downstream side in the direction in which the molten glass G is discharged from the furnace body 1.
- the glass G is formed into a target shape by the forming apparatus 20 so that a glass article can be obtained.
- a vacuum degassing apparatus may be provided in front of the molding apparatus 20.
- the furnace body 1 is made of a refractory material such as a refractory brick, and is configured to store high-temperature molten glass G.
- the heater 1 is installed in the storage unit 1B of the furnace body 1, and the molten glass G stored in the storage unit 1B is held in a molten state at a target temperature (for example, about 1400 ° C.) as necessary. It is configured to be able to.
- An exhaust gas treatment device 3 is connected to a side wall portion 1C of the furnace body 1 through an exhaust port 2 and an exhaust pipe 2a.
- the raw material particle charging unit 5 is provided with a cylindrical raw material particle charging tube, and a raw material supplier 8 comprising a hopper containing glass raw material particles GM via a supply tube 9 on the upper side of the raw material particle charging unit 5.
- a carrier gas supply source (not shown) that supplies a carrier gas for conveying the glass raw material particles GM to the raw material particle input pipe of the raw material particle input unit 5.
- the glass raw material particles GM are dropped from the charging port 5A formed at the lower end of the raw material particle charging unit 5.
- the carrier gas is supplied is described here, a method of dropping the glass raw material particles GM freely by mechanical means into the heated gas phase atmosphere K without using the carrier gas may be used.
- the raw material particle charging unit 5 is provided with raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61 for heating the glass raw material particles GM in advance, and the glass raw material particles are preheated before the glass raw material particles are sent to the heating gas phase atmosphere. Is preferred.
- the raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61 for heating the glass raw material particles GM in advance the energy given to the glass raw material particles GM in the heated gas phase atmosphere K can be reduced.
- the heating by the raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61 is not for melting the glass raw material particles GM. Since the structure of the raw material particle charging unit 5 is simple, it is easy to install the raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61, and in particular, the effect of the raw material particle preheating means 60 provided in the raw material particle charging pipe of the raw material particle charging part 5. Is expensive. In addition, the provision of the raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61 provides the glass raw material particles GM in the heated gas phase atmosphere K because the glass cullet pieces can be preheated when the glass raw material particles GM include the glass cullet pieces. There is an effect that energy can be reduced.
- the fact that the particle diameter of the glass raw material particles GM can be made larger than before has a great effect on the suppression of dust in the furnace body 1 of the glass melting furnace 10. Even when the glass raw material particles GM are relatively small, preheating before being put into the furnace body 1 of the glass melting furnace 10 has an energy saving effect. Furthermore, in this invention, since it has the raw material particle
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing a first example of the raw material particle input unit 5
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing a second example of the raw material particle input unit 5.
- the raw material particle charging unit 5 shown in FIG. 2 has a single tube structure composed of a cylindrical raw material particle charging tube 51.
- the freedom degree of the particle diameter of the glass raw material particle GM is high, and the tolerance
- glass cullet pieces may be included in the glass raw material particles GM or the like, and variations in the particle size of the glass cullet pieces may exist under certain conditions.
- the size of the glass cullet piece is determined according to the output of the oxyfuel burner 7 up to the size that can be melted in the heated gas phase atmosphere K.
- Examples of the material of the raw material particle inlet tube 51 include metal and ceramics.
- the raw material particle input pipe 51 may have a water cooling structure.
- the raw material particle charging unit 5 provided in the glass melting furnace 10 of the present embodiment may have a single tube structure composed of the raw material particle charging pipe 51 as shown in FIG. 2, but has the structure shown in FIG. Is preferred.
- a raw material particle charging unit 50 shown in FIG. 3 includes a raw material particle charging tube 51 as a center, and a cylindrical gas supply tube 52 disposed concentrically with the raw material particle charging tube 51 outside the raw material particle charging tube 51. It has a double-pipe structure.
- the material of the gas supply pipe 52 can be exemplified by the same material as that of the raw material particle input pipe 51 described above.
- a gas supply device (not shown) is connected to the gas supply pipe 52.
- the raw material particle input unit 50 in this example drops glass raw material particles GM from the raw material particle input pipe 51 into the furnace body 1 and supplies gas such as air and oxygen as well as inert gas such as nitrogen and argon.
- the pipe 52 can be ejected downward so as to surround the inlet 5A of the raw material particle inlet 50.
- the said gas excludes combustion gas.
- gas can be blown from the gas supply pipe 52 to the outer periphery of the tip of the raw material particle introduction pipe 51. Therefore, it becomes difficult for the glass raw material particles GM to adhere to the charging port 5A of the raw material particle charging unit 50. That is, it becomes difficult for the glass raw material particles GM to adhere to the outer periphery of the jet outlet of the raw material particle input pipe 51 and the jet outlet of the gas supply pipe 52. Therefore, the material particle charging unit 50 does not cause the glass material particle GM to be enlarged, and icicles are not generated. It has the effect of cooling the inlet pipe and the effect of preventing condensation by blocking from the humid atmosphere.
- the gas blown from the gas supply pipe 52 may be heated by exchange with heat generated from the furnace body 1 of the glass melting furnace 10.
- the raw material particle preheating means 60 of the raw material particle charging portions 5 and 50 includes, for example, a method of induction heating the raw material particle charging pipe 51, a method of heating with a radiant heater, a method of heating with an electric heater, and the furnace body 1 of the glass melting furnace 10. There is a method of using the heat generated in the. As shown in FIG. 1, the raw material particle preheating means 60 may be provided on the outer side of the raw material particle input unit 5, or may be provided on the inner side of the raw material particle input pipe 51 of the raw material particle input unit 5. .
- the raw material particle charging part 5 since the raw material particle charging part 5 is provided separately from the oxygen burner 7, the raw material particle charging part 5 has a degree of freedom, and the raw material particle preheating means 60 is provided outside or inside the raw material particle charging part 5. Can do.
- the raw material particle preheating means 60 may be provided both in the raw material particle charging section 5 and in the middle of the supply pipe 9 as the raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61 shown in FIG.
- the glass raw material particles GM need to be dried after granulation, particularly in the case of a granulated body by a dry granulation method such as a tumbling granulation method or a stirring granulation method, not the spray dry granulation method described later. . Therefore, in the case where the glass raw material particles GM are granulated by a dry granulation method, the raw material particles are preliminarily dried by the raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61 before being put into the furnace body 1 of the glass melting furnace 10, It is preferable to put into the furnace body 1 of the glass melting furnace 10 with a lower moisture content. When the glass raw material particles GM are particularly large, the raw material particle preheating means 61 is more suitable.
- the oxyfuel burner 7 is an oxyfuel burner known as an oxyfuel burner, in which a fuel and oxygen supply nozzle are appropriately arranged.
- a fuel supply device (not shown) for supplying fuel to the fuel supply nozzle and a gas supply device (not shown) for supplying combustion gas containing oxygen to the combustion gas supply nozzle are connected to the oxyfuel burner 7.
- the temperature of the oxygen combustion flame F of the oxygen combustion burner 7 is 1600 which is equal to or higher than the melting temperature of the silica sand of the glass raw material in order to rapidly gasify and dissipate the gas components contained in the glass raw material particles GM and advance the vitrification reaction. It is preferable to set the temperature to be equal to or higher.
- the glass raw material particles GM dropped from the raw material particle dropping portion 5 into the furnace body 1 are rapidly gasified and dissipated by the heated gas phase atmosphere K formed by the oxyfuel flame F and heated at a high temperature. By doing so, it becomes the molten glass particles U, and reaches the bottom of the furnace body 1 to become the molten glass G.
- the temperature at the center of the heated gas-phase atmosphere K formed by the oxyfuel flame F injected from the oxyfuel burner 7 is about 2000 to 3000 ° C. when the oxyfuel flame F is, for example, a hydrogen-oxygen combustion flame.
- a plurality of tip portions 7 ⁇ / b> A of the oxyfuel combustion burner 7 are arranged around the inlet 5 ⁇ / b> A of the raw material particle inlet 5.
- the tip portions 7A of the two oxygen combustion burners 7 and 7 are obliquely downwardly symmetrically sandwiched between the furnace wall portion 1A of the upper portion of the furnace body 1 and the inlet 5A of the raw material particle inlet 5. Further, inwardly, specifically, the front end portion 7A of the oxyfuel burners 7 and 7 and the input port 5A of the raw material particle input portion 5 are arranged in a straight line with a predetermined interval.
- the heating formed by the oxyfuel flame F of the oxyfuel burners 7 and 7 is arranged.
- the gas phase atmosphere K can be formed with good symmetry, and the glass raw material particles GM charged from the raw material particle charging unit 5 can be heated uniformly.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the oxyfuel burners 7 and 7 and the raw material particle charging section 5 in the glass melting furnace 10 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 shows the oxyfuel burners 7 and 7 and the raw material in the glass melting furnace 10.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a second example of the arrangement of the particle input unit 5. As shown in FIG. 4, the oxyfuel burners 7 and 7 are directed to the injection direction of the oxyfuel flame F with respect to the input shaft (indicated by symbol A in FIG. 4) of the glass raw material particles GM by the raw material particle input portion 5. It is preferable that the angle ⁇ (indicated by the symbol B in FIG. 4) is inclined so that 0 degrees ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45 degrees.
- the oxygen combustion burners 7 and 7 have an angle ⁇ formed by the oxygen combustion flame F with respect to the vertically downward raw material particle input axis A in the raw material particle input unit 5 so that 0 degree ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 45 degrees. It is preferable that it is installed.
- the input axis A of the glass raw material particles GM indicates the central axis of the glass raw material particles GM dropped from the raw material particle input portion 5.
- the injection direction B of the oxyfuel flame F indicates the central axis of the oxyfuel flame F injected from the oxyfuel burner 7.
- the oxyfuel burners 7 and 7 are directed toward the input axis A of the glass raw material particles GM that is the vertical axis.
- the oxycombustion flames F and F can be sprayed underneath. Thereby, the glass raw material particles GM falling along the input axis A from the input port 5A of the raw material particle input unit 5 can efficiently pass through the heated gas phase atmosphere K formed by the oxyfuel combustion flames F and F.
- the horizontal distance between the center of the tip 7A of the oxyfuel burner 7 and the center of the inlet 5A of the raw material particle charging portion 5 is the heating air formed by the oxyfuel flame F by the falling glass raw material particles GM. It is appropriately set according to the purpose of efficiently passing the phase atmosphere K and the ability of the oxyfuel burner 7. For example, when the drop height d of the glass raw material particles GM (the distance from the inlet 5A of the raw material particle input portion 5 to the contact point of the oxyfuel flames F and F) is 0.2 to 0.7 m, oxyfuel combustion The burner 7 is preferably installed with an angle of 10 degrees ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 30 degrees with respect to the input axis A.
- the contact time of the oxyfuel flame F and the glass raw material particles GM by the oxyfuel burner 7 can be made longer, and the glass raw material particles GM can be heated and melted more efficiently to form molten glass particles U. Can do.
- the contact point of the oxygen combustion flames F and F is the upper end position of the region where the gas temperature measured by thermography (for example, Vario THERMO InSb, manufactured by Jenoptik Co., Ltd.) exceeds 1700 ° C. in the heated gas phase atmosphere K.
- the glass raw material particle GM is dropped from the loading axis A of the raw material particle feeding portion 5 and the inlet 5A of the raw material particle feeding portion 5. It is preferable to set the angle ⁇ formed by the diffusion axis of the glass raw material particles GM to be formed (indicated by symbol C in FIG. 4) in a range of 0 ° ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15 °.
- the glass raw material particles GM dropped from the inlet 5A of the raw material particle dropping portion 5 can be effectively dispersed in the oxyfuel combustion flame F by the oxyfuel combustion burner 7, and the glass raw material particles GM are efficiently heated and melted.
- the molten glass particles U can be obtained.
- the diffusion axis C of the glass raw material particles GM indicates a line that traces the outer edge of the range in which the glass raw material particles GM dropped from the raw material particle charging portion 5 spread.
- angle ⁇ 0 degree
- the glass raw material by the raw material particle input portion 5 is used. It is necessary to adjust the angle ⁇ formed by the input axis A of the particles GM and the diffusion axis C of the glass raw material particles GM dropped from the input port 5A of the raw material particle input portion 5.
- the angle ⁇ is set to 0. It is preferable to set in the range of degrees ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 15 degrees.
- the number of installed oxyfuel burners 7 in the glass melting furnace 10 of the present embodiment is not limited to two, and it is also preferably three or more.
- 6 is a schematic view showing a third example of the arrangement of the oxyfuel burner 7 in the glass melting furnace 10 shown in FIG. 1, and FIG. 7 shows the arrangement of the oxyfuel burner 7 in the glass melting furnace 10 shown in FIG.
- It is a schematic diagram which shows the 4th example of. 6 and 7, in order to make the arrangement of the oxyfuel combustion burner 7 easier to understand, the oxyfuel combustion burner 7, the oxyfuel combustion flame F,
- the mode of the glass raw material particle GM dropped from the raw material particle injection part 5 is shown typically.
- each oxyfuel combustion burner 7 shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 is the same as that shown in FIG. 4 or FIG. In this way, the plurality of oxyfuel combustion burners 7 are arranged at equal intervals on the circumference centering on the raw material particle input portion 5, thereby heating air formed by the oxyfuel combustion flames F of the plurality of oxyfuel combustion burners 7.
- the symmetry of the phase atmosphere K can be further increased, and the glass raw material particles GM input from the raw material particle input unit 5 can be heated more uniformly.
- the number of installed oxyfuel burners 7 is not limited to the above-described two, three, and six groups, and may be any of one, four, five, seven, or more. From the viewpoint of improving the symmetry of the heated gas-phase atmosphere K formed by the oxygen combustion flame F of the burner 7, two or more oxygen combustion burners 7 are equidistantly arranged on the circumference centering on the raw material particle input portion 5. Is preferably arranged.
- the glass melting furnace 10 includes a raw material particle charging unit 5 for charging glass raw material particles GM and oxygen for ejecting an oxygen combustion flame F for forming a heated gas phase atmosphere K for heating and melting the glass raw material particles GM.
- a raw material particle charging unit 5 for charging glass raw material particles GM and oxygen for ejecting an oxygen combustion flame F for forming a heated gas phase atmosphere K for heating and melting the glass raw material particles GM.
- the combustion flame of the oxyfuel burner 7 does not become unstable, and the discharge port of the oxyfuel burner 7 does not become blocked. Further, since no icicles are formed, the icicles do not fall into the molten glass G below the oxyfuel burner 7, and the glass becomes inhomogeneous due to the compositional difference between the dropped icicles and the glass melt. Therefore, a high-quality molten glass G can be obtained. Furthermore, by making the raw material particle charging part 50 have the double tube structure shown in FIG. 3, it is possible to reduce the adhesion of the glass raw material particles GM to the vicinity of the inlet 5A of the raw material particle charging part 5. It can eliminate the enlargement and prevent the formation of icicles.
- the molten glass G manufactured using the glass melting furnace 10 of the present embodiment is not limited in terms of composition as long as it is a glass manufactured by an air melting method. Therefore, any of soda lime glass, mixed alkali glass, or non-alkali glass may be used. Moreover, the use of the manufactured glass article is not limited to architectural use or vehicle use, and examples include flat panel display use and other various uses.
- soda-lime glass used for plate glass for buildings or vehicles, it is expressed in terms of mass percentage on the basis of oxide, SiO 2 : 65 to 75%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 3%, CaO: 5 to 15%, MgO: 0 to 15%, Na 2 O: 10 to 20%, K 2 O: 0 to 3%, Li 2 O: 0 to 5%, Fe 2 O 3 : 0 to 3%, TiO 2 : 0 to 5%, CeO 2 : 0 to 3%, BaO: 0 to 5%, SrO: 0 to 5%, B 2 O 3 : 0 to 5%, ZnO: 0 to 5%, ZrO 2 : 0 to 5 %, SnO 2 : 0 to 3%, SO 3 : 0 to 0.5%.
- SiO 2 39 to 75%
- Al 2 O 3 3 to 27%
- B 2 O 3 0 to 20%
- SrO: 0 to 20% BaO: 0 to 30% are preferable.
- a mixed alkali glass used for a substrate for plasma display it is expressed in terms of mass percentage on the basis of oxide, and SiO 2 : 50 to 75%, Al 2 O 3 : 0 to 15%, MgO + CaO + SrO + BaO + ZnO: 6 to 24 %, Na 2 O + K 2 O: preferably 6 to 24%.
- These glass raw material particles GM may contain glass cullet pieces as a glass raw material. This is possible because, unlike a so-called powder burner for melting in the air, the raw material particle charging unit 5 and the oxyfuel burner 7 are provided separately. In addition, in a normal glass raw material, glass raw material particles and glass cullet pieces are often mixed and charged with a mixer or the like.
- the glass raw material particles GM and the glass cullet pieces are located at different positions. Can be put in. Specifically, a glass raw material particle GM input tube and a glass cullet piece input tube may be provided separately. This is because it can be charged into the heated gas phase atmosphere K by allowing it to fall freely from a cylindrical raw material particle charging portion 5 such as the raw material particle charging tube 51. This does not require the glass raw material particles GM and the glass cullet pieces to be mixed with a mixer or the like, and therefore has an effect that the glass raw material particles GM are not further shredded. Particularly in the case of a granulated body, since the granulated body is not broken by mixing and becomes a fine powder, there is a further effect.
- the glass raw material particle GM is a granulated body.
- silica sand, alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), magnesium hydroxide (Mg) (OH) 2 ), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), strontium carbonate (SrCO 3 ), raw material powders such as barium carbonate (BaCO 3 ) are prepared so as to match the composition of the target glass, for example, spray drying granulation method
- the glass raw material particles GM can be obtained as a granulated body having a weight average particle size of 30 to 1000 ⁇ m.
- the glass raw material particles GM As a method of preparing the glass raw material particles GM as a granulated body from the raw material powder, a method such as spray dry granulation can be used, and an aqueous solution in which the raw material powder is dispersed and dissolved is sprayed in a high temperature atmosphere and dried and solidified.
- a granulation method is preferred.
- this granulated body may be composed only of raw materials having a mixing ratio corresponding to the target glass component composition, but the granulated body is further mixed with glass cullet powder having the same composition, and this is mixed with glass. It can also be used as raw material particles GM.
- a raw material powder in the range of 2 to 500 ⁇ m is dispersed in a solvent such as distilled water as a raw material powder of each of the above components, and a slurry is formed.
- the slurry is stirred for a predetermined time with a stirrer such as a ball mill, mixed, pulverized, and then spray-dried to obtain glass raw material particles GM in which the raw material powders of the above-mentioned components are dispersed almost uniformly.
- a dispersant such as 2-aminoethanol is used for the purpose of uniformly dispersing the raw material powder
- a binder such as PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) is used for the purpose of improving the strength of the granulated raw material. May be mixed and then stirred.
- the glass raw material particles GM used in the present embodiment can be formed by a dry granulation method such as a tumbling granulation method or a stirring granulation method in addition to the above-mentioned spray dry granulation method.
- the weight average particle diameter of the glass raw material particles GM is preferably in the range of 30 to 1000 ⁇ m when the raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61 are not provided. More preferably, glass raw material particles GM having a weight average particle diameter in the range of 50 to 500 ⁇ m are used, and glass raw material particles GM in the range of 70 to 300 ⁇ m are more preferable.
- An example of this glass raw material particle GM is enlarged and shown in FIG. 1, but it is preferable that one glass raw material particle GM has a composition that substantially matches or approximates the composition of the final target glass.
- the glass raw material particles GM may be larger raw material powders, granulated bodies, or a mixture thereof. In the case of using a larger granulated body, dry granulation methods such as mixed stirring granulation method and compression granulation method are generally easier to produce than the above-mentioned spray dry granulation method.
- the amount of heat necessary for preheating the raw material is proportional to the square of the particle diameter, so the weight average particle size of the glass raw material particles GM
- the diameter is preferably in the range of 50 to 3000 ⁇ m when the raw material particle preheating means 60 is provided. More preferably, glass raw material particles GM having a weight average particle size in the range of 50 to 1500 ⁇ m are used, and glass raw material particles GM in the range of 70 to 1000 ⁇ m are more preferable.
- the glass raw material particles GM may be larger raw material powders, granulated bodies, or a mixture thereof. Considering methods such as a rotary kiln and fluidized bed heating as the raw material particle preheating means 61, the heating time can be set as required. However, considering the handling of powder and the fluidity in the raw material particle input pipe 51, the glass raw material The weight average particle diameter of the particles GM is preferably in the range of 50 to 50,000 ⁇ m when the raw material particle preheating means 61 is provided.
- glass raw material particles GM having a weight average particle diameter in the range of 50 to 10,000 ⁇ m are used, and glass raw material particles GM in the range of 50 to 3000 ⁇ m are more preferable.
- the use of the raw material particle preheating means 60 and 61 is a granulated product by a dry granulation method whose granulation cost is lower than that of a spray dry granulation method, and a larger granulated material can be used. There is an effect in that the dust in the furnace body 1 of the glass melting furnace 10 is reduced and the total manufacturing cost including the material cost and the energy cost for manufacturing the molten glass G can be reduced.
- the weight average particle diameter of the molten glass particles U in which the glass raw material particles GM are melted is usually about 80% of the weight average particle diameter of the glass raw material particles GM.
- the particle size of the glass raw material particles GM is preferably selected from the above-mentioned range from the viewpoint that it can be heated in a short time, the generated gas can be easily diffused, and the composition variation between the particles is reduced.
- grains GM can contain a clarifier, a coloring agent, a melting adjuvant, an opacifier, etc. as an auxiliary material as needed.
- boric acid and the like in these glass raw material particles GM are easy to evaporate by heating because the vapor pressure at a high temperature is relatively high, so it may be mixed in excess of the composition of the glass as the final product. it can.
- a clarifier is contained as an auxiliary material
- tin oxide (SnO 2 ) can be used.
- An apparatus for producing a glass article according to the present invention includes a glass melting furnace 10 according to the present invention, a molding means for molding the molten glass manufactured by the melting furnace 10, and a slow cooling means for gradually cooling the glass after molding. And.
- the molten glass G manufactured in the glass melting furnace 10 is discharged from the discharge port 4 at a predetermined speed, introduced into the defoaming apparatus as necessary, and further defoamed, and then the molding apparatus 20.
- the glass article can be manufactured by transferring to a desired shape. Since the glass article manufactured as described above is formed from the high-quality molten glass G as described above, a high-quality glass article can be obtained.
- the method for producing a glass article of the present invention comprises a step of producing a molten glass by the glass melting furnace of the present invention described above, a step of forming the molten glass, and a step of gradually cooling the glass after molding.
- FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an example of a method for producing a glass article using the method for producing molten glass according to the present invention. In order to manufacture a glass article according to the method shown in FIG.
- the glass article G5 can be obtained by passing through a molding step S2 that is sent to the molding apparatus 20 to be molded into a desired shape, then slowly cooled in the slow cooling step S3, and cut to a required length in the cutting step S4. .
- molding is provided as needed, and the glass article G5 can be manufactured.
- the glass melting furnace and the glass article manufacturing apparatus of the present invention are not limited to the example shown in FIG. 1, and as a heating means for forming the heated gas phase atmosphere K, in addition to the oxygen combustion burner 7, thermal plasma is further generated.
- a multi-phase arc plasma generating device including a pair of electrodes may be provided.
- the center temperature is about 2000 ° C. in the case of oxyfuel combustion, and 5000 to 20000 ° C. in the case of thermal plasma.
- FIG. 9 shows an embodiment of an apparatus for manufacturing glass beads (glass particles) by carrying out the molten glass manufacturing method according to the present invention.
- the manufacturing apparatus 30 of the present embodiment includes an accommodating portion 34, The raw material particle input part 5 for supplying glass raw material particles GM, which are installed downward so as to penetrate the ceiling part 34 ⁇ / b> A of the housing part 34, and the oxyfuel combustion flame F toward the lower part of the raw material particle input part 5.
- it comprises a plurality of oxygen combustion burners 7, 7 that pass through the ceiling portion 34 ⁇ / b> A of the accommodating portion 34 and are installed downward around the raw material particle charging portion 5.
- the furnace 9 has a structure similar to that of the glass melting furnace 10 of the previous embodiment, and is different in that the furnace body 1 of the previous apparatus is changed to the accommodating portion 34.
- Other configurations are the same as those of the glass melting furnace 10 shown in FIG. 1, and the same elements are denoted by the same reference numerals, and the description of the same elements is omitted. In this case, it is preferable to use a granulated body as the glass raw material particles GM.
- a transport carriage 32 including a stainless steel bucket-shaped storage portion 31 is accommodated inside the accommodation portion 34.
- the housing surface of the accommodating portion 34 is cooled with cooling water.
- an exhaust gas device 35 is connected to the side wall portion of the housing portion 34 via the exhaust pipe 33.
- an opening / closing door capable of sealing the accommodation portion 34 is formed on the side wall portion of the accommodation portion 34, and the transport carriage 32 opens the accommodation portion by opening the opening / closing door. 34 can be moved to the outside.
- the glass raw material particles GM are introduced into the heated gas phase atmosphere K composed of the oxyfuel flame F of the oxyfuel combustion burner 7 from the raw material particle introduction portion 5.
- a device for spraying a cooling gas may be attached below the front end of the heated gas phase atmosphere K.
- bogie 32 are not essential, and these may be abbreviate
- the internal space 34 and the floor 34 ⁇ / b> B are configured to cool the molten glass particles U.
- the manufacturing apparatus 30 shown in FIG. 9 is an oxyfuel combustion that ejects an oxyfuel combustion flame F for forming a raw material particle input portion 5 for introducing glass raw material particles GM and a heated gas phase atmosphere K for heating and melting the glass raw material particles GM.
- the burner 7 is separated and provided as a separate body. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the adhesion of the glass raw material particles GM to the tip portion of the oxyfuel burner 7 and the formation of icicles in which the deposits are enlarged. Therefore, since icicles do not fall, glass beads GB of uniform quality can be manufactured.
- the glass beads GB thus obtained are used as they are as glass beads, mixed with other raw materials, or used in the production of glass articles by being put into other melting furnaces.
- the manufacturing method of the glass bead of this invention includes the process of manufacturing a molten glass with the glass melting furnace of this invention mentioned above, and the process of cooling this molten glass.
- the technology of the present invention can be widely applied to the production of architectural glass, vehicle glass, optical glass, medical glass, display glass, glass beads, and other general glass articles.
- the entire contents of the description, claims, drawings and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2011-135182 filed on June 17, 2011 are incorporated herein by reference. .
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献2に記載の溶融炉は、溶融炉の天井壁に下向きに取り付けられた酸素バーナーを備えており、この酸素バーナーには、酸素を含む支燃ガスと燃料ガスを供給するガス供給系と、ガラス原料粒子を供給する原料供給系とが接続されている。この溶融炉では、酸素バーナーを燃焼させ下向きに火炎を形成するとともに、酸素バーナーからガラス原料粒子をその火炎中に下向きに供給し、火炎中で液状ガラス粒子を生成させ、生成した液状ガラス粒子を火炎直下の炉底部に集積させてガラス融液を形成している。
さらに、ガラス原料粒子の粒子径が小さいことは、ガラス溶融炉内での粉塵、つらら状物の原因となることがある。ガラス原料粒子は、高温の気相雰囲気中でガラス原料粒子が溶融できる範囲で、粒子径が大きい方がよい。他方、従来のガラス原料粒子を供給する原料供給路と、燃焼ガスおよび燃料ガスをそれぞれ供給するガス供給路とを一体に備える燃料バーナーの場合、その構造上、ガラス原料粒子の粒子径が限定される。このため、ガラス原料粒子の粒子径に制限がない方法が望まれる。
また、本発明は、上述の溶融ガラスの製造方法を用いるガラス物品の製造方法の提供を目的とする。
さらに、本発明は、上述のガラス溶融炉を備えたガラス物品の製造装置の提供を目的とする。
本発明のガラス溶融炉においては、前記燃焼バーナーの先端部が、前記原料粒子投入部の投入口と少なくとも水平方向に離隔しかつ別体で設けられていることが好ましい。
本発明のガラス溶融炉においては、前記燃焼バーナーの先端部が、前記原料粒子投入部の投入口の周囲に下向きに設置されていることが好ましい。
本発明のガラス溶融炉においては、前記ガラス原料粒子が前記原料粒子投入部に入る手前および前記原料粒子投入部のうち少なくとも一箇所に、前記ガラス原料粒子を予熱する原料粒子予熱手段を有することが好ましい。
本発明のガラス溶融炉においては、前記原料粒子投入部が、さらに前記ガラス原料粒子の投入位置とは別の位置にカレット片を投入するガラスカレット投入部を有してもよい。
本発明のガラス溶融炉においては、前記原料粒子投入部が、原料粒子投入管と、該原料粒子投入管の周囲に配置された気体供給管と、を備えてもよい。
本発明のガラス溶融炉においては、前記燃焼バーナーが前記原料粒子投入部での鉛直下向きの原料粒子投入軸に対して、当該燃焼バーナーによる燃焼炎のなす角度αが0度≦α≦45度となるように設置されていることが好ましい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法においては、前記原料粒子投入部の投入口が前記燃焼バーナーの先端部と少なくとも水平方向に離隔しかつ別体で設けられることによって、前記ガラス原料粒子が前記原料粒子投入部の投入口から離れたところで燃焼炎と接触することが好ましい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法においては、前記ガラス原料粒子は、重量平均粒径が30~1000μmの範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法においては、前記ガラス原料粒子を前記加熱気相雰囲気に送る前に、該ガラス原料粒子を予め加熱することが好ましい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法においては、前記ガラス原料粒子は、重量平均粒径が50~3000μmの範囲であることが好ましい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法においては、前記原料粒子投入部の投入口の周囲に、該投入口を中心とする円周上に配置した前記燃焼バーナーの先端部から燃焼炎を噴出してもよい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法においては、前記原料粒子投入部の一部から、前記ガラス原料粒子の投入位置とは別の位置でガラスカレット片を投入してもよい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法においては、前記原料粒子投入部の投入口の先端の外周から下方に気体を噴出してもよい。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法において、前記原料粒子投入部での鉛直下向きの原料粒子投入軸に対して、燃焼炎のなす角度αが0度≦α≦45度となるように、前記燃焼バーナーから下向きに燃焼炎を噴出することが好ましい。
本発明は、前記のいずれかに記載のガラス溶融炉と、該ガラス溶融炉により製造された溶融ガラスを成形する成形手段と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する徐冷手段とを備えるガラス物品の製造装置を提供する。
本発明は、前記のいずれかに記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法を用いて溶融ガラスを製造する工程と、該溶融ガラスを冷却する工程と、を含むガラスビーズの製造方法を提供する。
本発明の溶融ガラスの製造方法は、燃焼バーナーの燃焼炎により加熱気相雰囲気を形成し、この加熱気相雰囲気中に燃焼バーナーとは別体で設けた原料粒子投入部よりガラス原料粒子を投入して、ガラス原料粒子を加熱溶融して溶融ガラス粒子とする構成である。そのため、ガラス原料粒子や溶融ガラス粒子などがバーナー先端部に付着して肥大化することを抑制でき、肥大化した付着物のガラス融液への落下を抑止でき、また所定の粒子径以上のガラス原料粒子を用いることによってガラス溶融炉内での粉塵の抑制ができるので、均質な溶融ガラスを製造できる。
また、本発明のガラス物品の製造方法は、上述の溶融ガラスの製造方法を用いることにより、均質で高品質なガラス物品を提供できる。
さらに、本発明のガラス物品の製造装置は、上述のガラス溶融炉を備えることにより、均質で高品質なガラス物品を製造できる。
図1は本発明に係るガラス溶融炉の第1実施形態を模式的に示す断面図である。図1に示すガラス溶融炉は、本発明に係る溶融ガラスの製造方法およびガラス物品の製造方法に用いられる。
本発明において、ガラス原料粒子GMとは、最終目的とするガラスの組成に合わせた、目的のガラスの各成分の粒子状の原料粉末、あるいはそれらの原料粉末を混合して集合させた造粒体、あるいは原料粉末と造粒体が混合されたものである。また、これらにはガラス原料として、ガラスカレット片を含んでもよい。本発明のガラス原料粒子の粒子径は、従来の気中溶融バーナーで利用するものよりも大きくできる。これによって、ガラス溶融炉10の炉体1内の気流によって舞い上がるガラス原料粒子GMを少なくできるので粉塵の抑制ができる。ガラス原料粒子GMの一例を拡大して図1に示すが、原料粉末を混合して集合させた造粒体である一つのガラス原料粒子GMにおいて最終目的とするガラスの組成にほぼ合致するか近似した組成となっていてもよい。なお、ガラス原料粒子GMの詳細については、後述する。
酸素燃焼バーナー7は、その燃焼炎の噴射方向先端側(図1では下方側)に加熱気相雰囲気Kを形成できるようになっている。加熱気相雰囲気Kは、酸素燃焼バーナー7から噴射される酸素燃焼炎Fおよび酸素燃焼炎F近傍の高温部から構成される。
このような構成のガラス溶融炉において、燃焼バーナーの燃焼炎により加熱気相雰囲気を形成し、該加熱気相雰囲気の上方に前記燃焼バーナーとは別体で設けた原料粒子投入部より、目的のガラスの組成に合わせて原料粉末を混合したガラス原料粒子を前記加熱気相雰囲気中に送ることで、前記ガラス原料粒子を溶融させて溶融ガラス粒子とし、溶融ガラスを得ることができる。
さらに、本発明では、酸素バーナー7と別に原料粒子投入部5を有するので、酸素バーナー7の燃焼条件に影響されず種々のガスを噴出させることができる。これにより、例えば、ガラス溶融の初期において、ガラス溶融炉10の炉体1内の雰囲気の成分調整が容易にできる効果がある。
図2に示す原料粒子投入部5は、筒状の原料粒子投入管51からなる単管構造である。本発明では、このような単純な構造を採用できるので、ガラス原料粒子GMの粒子径の自由度が高く、また、粒子径のばらつきの許容範囲を広くできる。このため、前述したようにガラス原料粒子GMなどに、ガラスカレット片を含ませてもよく、ガラスカレット片の粒度のばらつきも一定条件下存在してもよい。なお、ガラスカレット片の大きさは、加熱気相雰囲気Kで溶融可能なサイズを限度として、酸素燃焼バーナー7の出力に応じて決定される。原料粒子投入管51の材質は、金属またはセラミックスなどが例示できる。原料粒子投入管51は水冷構造を備えていてもよい。本実施形態のガラス溶融炉10が備える原料粒子投入部5は、図2に示すように原料粒子投入管51より構成される単管構造であってもよいが、図3に示す構造であることが好ましい。
ガラス原料粒子GMが、後述するスプレードライ造粒法ではなく、特に転動造粒法、攪拌造粒法などの乾式造粒法による造粒体の場合には、造粒後に乾燥する必要がある。よって、ガラス原料粒子GMが乾式造粒法による造粒体の場合には、特に原料粒子予熱手段60、61によって、ガラス溶融炉10の炉体1に投入する前に造粒体を乾燥し、より低い水分含有の状態でガラス溶融炉10の炉体1に投入することが好ましい。ガラス原料粒子GMが特に大きい場合は、原料粒子予熱手段61の方が適する。
酸素燃焼バーナー7の酸素燃焼炎Fの温度は、ガラス原料粒子GMに含まれる気体成分を迅速にガス化散逸させ、ガラス化反応を進行させるために、ガラス原料の珪砂の溶融温度以上である1600℃以上に設定することが好ましい。これにより、原料粒子投下部5から炉体1内に投下されたガラス原料粒子GMは、酸素燃焼炎Fにより形成される加熱気相雰囲気Kによって、迅速にガス化散逸されるとともに、高温で加熱されることにより溶融ガラス粒子Uとなり、炉体1の底部に着地して溶融ガラスGとなる。
酸素燃焼バーナー7から噴射される酸素燃焼炎Fにより形成される加熱気相雰囲気Kの中心部の温度は、酸素燃焼炎Fが例えば水素酸素燃焼炎の場合約2000~3000℃である。
図4に示すように、酸素燃焼バーナー7、7は、原料粒子投入部5によるガラス原料粒子GMの投入軸(図4に符号Aで示す。)に対して、その酸素燃焼炎Fの噴射方向(図4に符号Bで示す。)のなす角度αが0度≦α≦45度となるように傾斜して配置されていることが好ましい。すなわち、酸素燃焼バーナー7、7が、原料粒子投入部5での鉛直下向きの原料粒子投入軸Aに対して、その酸素燃焼炎Fのなす角度αが0度≦α≦45度となるように設置されていることが好ましい。ここで、ガラス原料粒子GMの投入軸Aとは、原料粒子投入部5から投下されたガラス原料粒子GMの中心軸を示す。また、酸素燃焼炎Fの噴射方向Bとは、酸素燃焼バーナー7より噴射される酸素燃焼炎Fの中心軸を示す。このような範囲の角度αで酸素燃焼バーナー7、7が設置されることにより、酸素燃焼バーナー7、7は、鉛直軸であるガラス原料粒子GMの投入軸Aに向かって、原料粒子投入部5の下方に酸素燃焼炎F、Fを吹き付けることができる。これにより、原料粒子投入部5の投入口5Aから投入軸Aに沿って落下中のガラス原料粒子GMは、その酸素燃焼炎F、Fにより形成される加熱気相雰囲気Kを効率よく通過できる。
図6は、図1に示すガラス溶融炉10における酸素燃焼バーナー7の配置の第3の例を示す模式図であり、図7は、図1に示すガラス溶融炉10における酸素燃焼バーナー7の配置の第4の例を示す模式図である。図6および図7において、酸素燃焼バーナー7の配置をわかりやすくするために、ガラス溶融炉10の炉壁部1Aを除き、ガラス溶融炉10の上方から、酸素燃焼バーナー7、酸素燃焼炎F、原料粒子投入部5から投下されたガラス原料粒子GMの様子を模式的に示している。
このように、複数の酸素燃焼バーナー7を、原料粒子投入部5を中心とする円周上に等間隔で配置することにより、複数の酸素燃焼バーナー7の酸素燃焼炎Fにより形成される加熱気相雰囲気Kの対称性をより高めることができ、原料粒子投入部5から投入されるガラス原料粒子GMをより均一に加熱できる。
さらに、原料粒子投入部50を図3に示す二重管構造とすることにより、原料粒子投入部5の投入口5A付近にも、ガラス原料粒子GMが付着することを低減でき、この付着物の肥大化を無くし、つらら状物の形成を抑止できる。
なお、前述のスラリーを攪拌装置で攪拌する際、原料粉末の均一分散の目的で2-アミノエタノールなどの分散剤を、造粒原料の強度を向上させる目的で、PVA(ポリビニルアルコール)などのバインダーを混合してから攪拌してもよい。
本実施形態において用いるガラス原料粒子GMは、上述のスプレードライ造粒法の他に、転動造粒法、攪拌造粒法などの乾式造粒法により形成することもできる。
このように、原料粒子予熱手段60、61を用いることは、造粒コストがスプレードライ造粒法に比べて低い乾式造粒法による造粒体で、しかも大きめの造粒体を利用できるため、ガラス溶融炉10の炉体1内の粉塵が少なくなり、かつ溶融ガラスGを製造する上での材料コスト、エネルギーコストを含むトータルの製造コストを低減できる点でも効果がある。
ガラス原料粒子GMが溶融した溶融ガラス粒子Uの重量平均粒径は、通常ガラス原料粒子GMの重量平均粒径の80%程度となることが多い。ガラス原料粒子GMの粒径は、短時間で加熱でき、発生ガスの放散が容易である点、および粒子間の組成変動の低減の点から、前述の範囲を選択することが好ましい。
本実施形態において、副原料として清澄剤を含有する場合、塩素(Cl)、硫黄(S)、フッ素(F)の中から1種または2種以上の元素を選択して含む清澄剤を必要量添加することができる。その他の清澄剤として、酸化スズ(SnO2)を用いることができる。
また、従来から用いられているSb、As酸化物などの清澄剤は、泡削減効果が生じたとしても、これら清澄剤の元素は環境負荷低減の面で望ましくない元素であり、それらの利用は環境負荷低減の方向性から見て削減することが好ましい。
以上のように製造されたガラス物品は、上述のように高品質の溶融ガラスGより形成されているため、高い品質のガラス物品を得ることができる。
図8に示す方法に従い、ガラス物品を製造するには、上述のガラス溶融炉10を用いた上述の溶融ガラスの製造方法によるガラス溶融工程S1により溶融ガラスGを得たならば、溶融ガラスGを成形装置20に送って目的の形状に成形する成形工程S2を経た後、徐冷工程S3にて徐冷し、切断工程S4において必要な長さに切断することでガラス物品G5を得ることができる。
なお、必要に応じて、成形後の溶融ガラスを研磨する工程を設けて、ガラス物品G5を製造できる。
なお、図9では略しているが、収容部34の側壁部には収容部34を密閉状態とすることが可能な開閉扉が形成されていて、搬送台車32は開閉扉を開けることで収容部34の外部に移動できるようになっている。
このようにして得られたガラスビーズGBは、ガラスビーズとしてそのまま利用されたり、他の原料と混合されて利用されたり、その他の溶融炉の中に投入されてガラス物品の製造に利用される。
本発明のガラスビーズの製造方法は、上述した本発明のガラス溶融炉により溶融ガラスを製造する工程と、該溶融ガラスを冷却する工程と、を含む。
なお、2011年6月17日に出願された日本特許出願2011-135182号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の開示として取り入れるものである。
Claims (20)
- 溶融ガラスを収容する炉体と、
前記炉体の上部に配置され、ガラス原料粒子を前記炉体の内側に投入する原料粒子投入部と、
前記原料粒子投入部と離隔して設けられ、かつ前記ガラス原料粒子を加熱溶融して溶融ガラス粒子にするための加熱気相雰囲気を前記原料粒子投入部の下方に形成する燃焼バーナーと、
を備えるガラス溶融炉。 - 前記燃焼バーナーの先端部が、前記原料粒子投入部の投入口と少なくとも水平方向に離隔しかつ別体で設けられている請求項1に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記燃焼バーナーの先端部が、前記原料粒子投入部の投入口の周囲に下向きに設置されている請求項1または2に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記ガラス原料粒子が前記原料粒子投入部に入る手前および前記原料粒子投入部のうち少なくとも一箇所に、前記ガラス原料粒子を予熱する原料粒子予熱手段を有する請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記燃焼バーナーを複数備え、これら複数の燃焼バーナーの先端部が前記原料粒子投入部の投入口の周囲に、該原料粒子投入部を中心とする円周上に配置されている請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記原料粒子投入部が、さらに前記ガラス原料粒子の投入位置とは別の位置にカレット片を投入するガラスカレット投入部を有する請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記原料粒子投入部が、原料粒子投入管と、該原料粒子投入管の周囲に配置された気体供給管と、を備える請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 前記燃焼バーナーが、前記原料粒子投入部での鉛直下向きの原料粒子投入軸に対して、当該燃焼バーナーによる燃焼炎のなす角度αが0度≦α≦45度となるように設置されている請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のガラス溶融炉。
- 燃焼バーナーの燃焼炎により加熱気相雰囲気を形成し、該加熱気相雰囲気の上方に前記燃焼バーナーとは別体で設けた原料粒子投入部から、目的のガラスの組成に合わせて原料粉末を混合したガラス原料粒子を前記加熱気相雰囲気中に送ることによって、前記ガラス原料粒子を溶融させて溶融ガラス粒子とする溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 前記原料粒子投入部の投入口が前記燃焼バーナーの先端部と少なくとも水平方向に離隔しかつ別体で設けられることによって、前記ガラス原料粒子が前記原料粒子投入部の投入口から離れたところで燃焼炎と接触する請求項9に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 前記ガラス原料粒子は、重量平均粒径が30~1000μmの範囲である請求項9または10に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 前記ガラス原料粒子を前記加熱気相雰囲気に送る前に、該ガラス原料粒子を予め加熱する請求項9または10に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 前記ガラス原料粒子は、重量平均粒径が50~3000μmの範囲である請求項12に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 前記原料粒子投入部の投入口の周囲に、該投入口を中心とする円周上に配置した前記燃焼バーナーの先端部から燃焼炎を噴出する請求項9~13のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 前記原料粒子投入部の一部から、前記ガラス原料粒子の投入位置とは別の位置でガラスカレット片を投入する請求項9~14のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 前記原料粒子投入部の投入口の先端の外周から下方に気体を噴出する請求項9~15のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 前記原料粒子投入部での鉛直下向きの原料粒子投入軸に対して、燃焼炎のなす角度αが0度≦α≦45度となるように、前記燃焼バーナーから下向きに燃焼炎を噴出する請求項9~16のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法。
- 請求項9~17のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法を用いて溶融ガラスを製造する工程と、該溶融ガラスを成形する工程と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する工程と、を含むガラス物品の製造方法。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のガラス溶融炉と、該ガラス溶融炉により製造された溶融ガラスを成形する成形手段と、成形後のガラスを徐冷する徐冷手段とを備えるガラス物品の製造装置。
- 請求項9~17のいずれか一項に記載の溶融ガラスの製造方法を用いて溶融ガラスを製造する工程と、該溶融ガラスを冷却する工程と、を含むガラスビーズの製造方法。
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| WO2011004851A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ガラス溶融炉、溶融ガラスの製造方法、ガラス製品の製造装置、及びガラス製品の製造方法 |
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| JP5380671B2 (ja) * | 2006-04-28 | 2014-01-08 | 国立大学法人東京工業大学 | ガラスの原料溶解方法および溶解装置ならびにガラス製造装置 |
| JP4761575B2 (ja) * | 2007-05-28 | 2011-08-31 | 大同特殊鋼株式会社 | ガラス製品の製造装置 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006199549A (ja) * | 2005-01-21 | 2006-08-03 | Tokyo Institute Of Technology | ガラス原料の溶解方法および溶解装置、ならびにガラス製造装置 |
| JP2010515646A (ja) * | 2007-01-15 | 2010-05-13 | ロックウール インターナショナル アー/エス | 鉱物繊維の製造方法及び製造装置 |
| WO2011001757A1 (ja) * | 2009-06-29 | 2011-01-06 | 旭硝子株式会社 | 溶融ガラスの製造方法、ガラス溶融炉、ガラス製品の製造装置、及びガラス製品の製造方法 |
| WO2011004851A1 (ja) * | 2009-07-08 | 2011-01-13 | 旭硝子株式会社 | ガラス溶融炉、溶融ガラスの製造方法、ガラス製品の製造装置、及びガラス製品の製造方法 |
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| WO2024162136A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-31 | 2024-08-08 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | ガラス物品の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103596888B (zh) | 2016-08-17 |
| CN103596888A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
| TW201302646A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
| JPWO2012173154A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
| JP6032201B2 (ja) | 2016-11-24 |
| KR20140027217A (ko) | 2014-03-06 |
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