WO2012173072A1 - 二次電池電極形成用組成物、二次電池電極、及び二次電池 - Google Patents
二次電池電極形成用組成物、二次電池電極、及び二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012173072A1 WO2012173072A1 PCT/JP2012/064869 JP2012064869W WO2012173072A1 WO 2012173072 A1 WO2012173072 A1 WO 2012173072A1 JP 2012064869 W JP2012064869 W JP 2012064869W WO 2012173072 A1 WO2012173072 A1 WO 2012173072A1
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- electrode
- secondary battery
- active material
- composition
- ink
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/60—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of organic compounds
- H01M4/602—Polymers
- H01M4/606—Polymers containing aromatic main chain polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
- H01M4/625—Carbon or graphite
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/30—Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a composition for forming a secondary battery electrode, an electrode obtained using the composition, and a secondary battery obtained using the electrode.
- An important characteristic required for the composite ink used for forming the electrode and the composition for forming the underlayer includes uniformity in which the active material and the conductive aid are appropriately dispersed. This is because the dispersion state of the active material and conductive additive in the composite ink and the dispersion state of the conductive aid in the composition for forming the underlayer are determined by the distribution state of the active material and conductive aid in the mixture layer and the underlayer. This is because it is related to the distribution state of the conductive auxiliary agent, affects the physical properties of the electrode, and thus affects the battery performance.
- the dispersion of the active material and the conductive aid is an important issue.
- carbon materials with excellent electrical conductivity have a strong cohesive force due to their large structure and specific surface area, and should be uniformly mixed and dispersed, whether in the composite ink or in the composition for forming the underlayer. Is difficult.
- the dispersibility and particle size control of the carbon material that is the conductive auxiliary agent is insufficient, the internal resistance of the electrode cannot be reduced because a uniform conductive network is not formed, and as a result, the performance of the electrode material is sufficient. The problem of being unable to withdraw.
- the active material is not sufficiently dispersed in the composite ink as well as the conductive auxiliary agent, partial aggregation occurs in the composite layer formed from such a composite ink.
- resistance distribution occurs on the electrode due to partial aggregation, current concentration occurs when used as a battery, and a problem such as partial heat generation and deterioration may occur.
- the composite ink and the underlayer forming composition are required to have appropriate fluidity so as to be coated on the surface of the metal foil functioning as a current collector. Furthermore, in order to form a composite material layer or a base layer having a surface that is as flat as possible and having a uniform thickness, the composite ink or the base layer forming composition is required to have an appropriate viscosity.
- the metal foil as the base material is cut into pieces of a desired size and shape, or punched. It is pulled out. Therefore, the material layer and the base layer are required to have hardness that does not damage and softness that does not crack or peel off by cutting or punching.
- Patent Documents 1 to 4 an active material and a conductive material are mixed, this mixture is kneaded with a cellulose-based thickener aqueous solution, an aqueous binder such as tetrafluoropolyethylene and latex is further added, and further kneaded. It is disclosed that a composite ink is obtained. However, these composite inks have a problem that the dispersed state is insufficient and the flexibility is poor, and a desired electrode cannot be produced, so that good battery performance cannot be obtained.
- Patent Document 5 a method of using a dispersant in addition to the conventional material has been developed when preparing a composite ink (see Patent Document 5).
- a good dispersion state of the ink is insufficient, and the desired electrode and secondary battery are often not obtained.
- a composite ink in which the further dispersibility of the conductive assistant is uniform is desired.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-158055 Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-082364 JP 2003-142102 A JP 2010-165493 A JP-T 2006-51695 JP 2011-076910 A
- An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode forming composition for forming a secondary battery having excellent charge / discharge cycle characteristics, and an electrode forming composition having excellent dispersibility of an active material and a conductive additive. is there.
- the dispersibility of the electrode active material (A) and the carbon material (B) as the conductive auxiliary agent can be improved by using the amphoteric resin dispersant (C). That is, the present invention provides at least a part of a carboxyl group in a copolymer obtained by copolymerizing at least one of the electrode active material (A) or the carbon material (B) as a conductive auxiliary with the following monomer. It is related with the composition for secondary battery electrode formation containing the amphoteric resin type dispersing agent (C) formed by neutralizing with a basic compound, and an aqueous liquid medium (D).
- Ethylenically unsaturated monomer having an aromatic ring (c1): 5 to 70% by weight
- Ethylenically unsaturated monomer having an amino group (c3): 1 to 80% by weight
- the present invention also relates to a secondary battery electrode comprising a current collector and at least one layer of a composite material layer or an electrode base layer formed from the composition for forming a secondary battery electrode.
- the present invention relates to a secondary battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolytic solution, wherein at least one of the positive electrode or the negative electrode is the secondary battery electrode.
- the composition for forming an electrode of the present invention can form a composite material layer and an underlayer excellent in flexibility and adhesion to a current collector, and can provide a secondary battery excellent in charge / discharge cycle characteristics.
- the electrode for a secondary battery can be obtained by various methods. For example, on the surface of a current collector such as a metal foil, (1) an ink-like composition containing an active material and a liquid medium (hereinafter referred to as composite ink), (2) a mixed ink containing an active material, a conductive additive and a liquid medium; (3) a mixed ink containing an active material, a binder and a liquid medium; (4) A mixed ink containing an active material, a conductive additive, a binder, and a liquid medium, It can be used to form a composite layer and obtain an electrode.
- composite ink an ink-like composition containing an active material and a liquid medium
- an underlayer is formed on the surface of the current collector of the metal foil using a composition for forming an underlayer containing a conductive additive and a liquid medium, and the above composite ink (1 ) To (4) and other composite inks to form a composite layer and obtain an electrode.
- the composition for forming a secondary battery electrode of the present invention can be utilized as a composite ink that requires an active material or a composition for forming an underlayer that does not require an active material.
- the amphoteric resin type dispersant (C) in the present invention includes an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c1) having an aromatic ring, an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c2) having a carboxyl group, and an ethylene having an amino group. Is obtained by neutralizing at least a part of the carboxyl group in the copolymer containing the basic unsaturated monomer (c3) as an essential component with a basic compound.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c1) having an aromatic ring will be described.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c1) having an aromatic ring used in the present invention include styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, and benzyl (meth) acrylate.
- the monomer (c2) used in the present invention includes, as carboxyl group-containing unsaturated compounds, maleic acid, fumaric acid, itaconic acid, citraconic acid, or alkyl or alkenyl monoesters thereof, phthalic acid ⁇ - (meth) Acryloxyethyl monoester, isophthalic acid ⁇ - (meth) acryloxyethyl monoester, terephthalic acid ⁇ - (meth) acryloxyethyl monoester, succinic acid ⁇ - (meth) acryloxyethyl monoester, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid And crotonic acid, cinnamic acid, and the like. In particular, methacrylic acid and acrylic acid are preferable.
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c3) having an amino group used in the present invention includes dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, diethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, methylethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, dimethylaminostyrene, diethylamino Examples include styrene.
- (meth) acrylate compounds include alkyl (meth) acrylates and alkylene glycol (meth) acrylates.
- alkyl-based (meth) acrylate examples include alkyl (meth) acrylate having 1 to 22 carbon atoms such as methyl (meth) acrylate, ethyl (meth) acrylate, propyl (meth) acrylate, butyl (meth) acrylate and the like.
- Acrylates and for the purpose of adjusting the polarity, an alkyl group-containing acrylate having an alkyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 8 carbon atoms, or a corresponding methacrylate is preferable.
- alkylene glycol-based (meth) acrylate examples include monoacrylate having a hydroxyl group at the terminal and having a polyoxyalkylene chain, such as diethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate and polyethylene glycol mono (meth) acrylate, or a corresponding monometa.
- hydroxyl-containing unsaturated compounds other than the above include 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-hydroxypropyl (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxybutyl (meth) acrylate, glycerol mono (meth) acrylate, 4-hydroxyvinylbenzene And so on.
- nitrogen-containing unsaturated compounds include monoalkylol (meth) acrylamides such as (meth) acrylamide, N-methylol (meth) acrylamide, and N-methoxymethyl- (meth) acrylamide; N, N-di (methylol) acrylamide Examples thereof include acrylamide-type unsaturated compounds such as dialalkylol (meth) acrylamides such as N-methylol-N-methoxymethyl (meth) acrylamide and N, N-di (methoxymethyl) acrylamide.
- unsaturated compounds include perfluoromethylmethyl (meth) acrylate, perfluoroethylmethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-perfluorobutylethyl (meth) acrylate, 2-perfluorohexylethyl (meth) acrylate, and the like.
- Perfluoroalkyl group-containing vinyl monomers vinyltrichlorosilane, vinyltris ( ⁇ methoxyethoxy) silane, vinyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ - (meth) acryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane
- examples thereof include silanol group-containing vinyl compounds such as orchid and derivatives thereof, and a plurality of them can be used from these groups.
- fatty acid vinyl compound examples include vinyl acetate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl propionate, vinyl hexanoate, vinyl caprylate, vinyl laurate, vinyl palmitate, and vinyl stearate.
- alkyl vinyl ether compound examples include butyl vinyl ether and ethyl vinyl ether.
- Examples of the ⁇ -olefin compound include 1-hexene, 1-octene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-hexadecene and the like.
- vinyl compounds include allyl compounds such as allyl acetate, allyl alcohol, allylbenzene, and allyl cyanide, vinyl cyanide, vinylcyclohexane, vinylmethylketone, styrene, ⁇ -methylstyrene, 2-methylstyrene, and chlorostyrene. Can be mentioned.
- ethynyl compound examples include acetylene, ethynylbenzene, ethynyltoluene, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol and the like. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ratio of the monomers constituting the copolymer in the amphoteric resin type dispersant (C) used in the present invention is such that the total of the monomers (c1) to (c4) is 100% by weight. 5 to 70% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c1) having an aromatic ring, 15 to 60% by weight of ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c2) having a carboxyl group, 1 to 80% by weight of an ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c3) having an amino group,
- the other monomer (c4) other than the above (c1) to (c3) is 0 to 79% by weight.
- the aromatic ring derived from the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c1) having an aromatic ring, and the amino group derived from the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c3) having an amino group are an active material (A) or a conductive assistant described later. It is presumed to be the main adsorption site for the agent (B).
- the ethylenically unsaturated monomer (c2) having a carboxyl group has a function of dissolving or dispersing the neutralized copolymer in an aqueous liquid medium. Then, the active material (A) and the conductive auxiliary agent (B) are adsorbed through the aromatic ring and amino group, neutralized, and the charge repulsion of the ionized carboxyl group, the active material (A) and the conductive auxiliary agent (B). It is considered that the dispersion state of the auxiliary agent (B) in the aqueous liquid medium can be kept stable.
- the molecular weight of the copolymer obtained by copolymerizing the monomers (c1) to (c4) is not particularly limited, but the viscosity of the amphoteric resin dispersant (C) in a 20% solid content aqueous solution is preferably 5 to 100. 000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 10 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the electrode active material There is a possibility of causing poor dispersion of (A) or the carbon material (B) which is a conductive additive.
- the viscosity in this invention is the value measured on 25 degreeC conditions using the B-type viscosity meter.
- the above copolymer is obtained by copolymerizing the carboxyl group-containing unsaturated compound (c2), and it is preferable that the constituent ratio of the monomer having an anionic functional group in the copolymer is expressed by an acid value as follows. That is, the acid value of the copolymer to be used is preferably in the range of 50 mgKOH / g to 400 mgKOH / g, and the acid value is preferably in the range of 80 mgKOH / g to 300 mgKOH / g. When the acid value of the copolymer used in the present invention is lower than the above range, the dispersion stability of the dispersion tends to decrease and the viscosity tends to increase.
- the acid value of the copolymer in the present invention is a value obtained by converting the measured acid value (mgKOH / g) into a solid content according to the potentiometric titration method of JIS K 0070.
- the amphoteric resin dispersant (C) can be obtained by various production methods.
- the monomers (c1) to (c4) are polymerized in an organic solvent that can be azeotroped with water. Thereafter, an aqueous liquid medium represented by water and a neutralizing agent (basic compound) are added to neutralize at least a part of the carboxyl groups, the azeotropic solvent is distilled off, and an amphoteric resin type dispersing agent ( An aqueous solution or dispersion of C) can be obtained.
- the organic solvent used in the polymerization is not particularly limited as long as it is azeotropic with water, but is preferably highly soluble in the copolymer, and preferably includes ethanol, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, and 1-butanol. 1-butanol is preferred.
- the hydrophilic organic solvent to be used is preferably one having high solubility in the copolymer, preferably glycol ethers, diols, more preferably (poly) alkylene glycol monoalkyl ethers having 3 to 6 carbon atoms. Alkanediols are good.
- Examples of the neutralizing agent (basic compound) used for neutralization of the copolymer include the following.
- inorganic alkaline agents such as ammonia water, various organic amines such as dimethylaminoethanol, diethanolamine, and triethanolamine, and alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide can be used.
- alkali metal hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide, lithium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide can be used.
- the copolymer as described above is dispersed or dissolved in an aqueous liquid medium.
- the composition for forming a secondary battery electrode of the present invention can be used as a mixture ink or a composition for forming an underlayer. Therefore, a description will be given of a composite ink that essentially includes an active material, which is one of the preferred embodiments of the composition for forming a secondary battery electrode of the present invention.
- the composite ink includes positive mix ink and negative mix ink, and as described above, there are various modes as shown in the following (1) to (4).
- (1) A composite ink containing an active material (A), an amphoteric resin type dispersant (C), and an aqueous liquid medium (D).
- a composite ink further containing a conductive additive (B) in (1) A composite ink further containing a conductive additive (B) in (1).
- the composite ink further containing a binder in (1).
- the composite ink further containing the conductive additive (B) and a binder in (1).
- the positive electrode active material for the lithium ion secondary battery is not particularly limited, but metal oxides capable of doping or intercalating lithium ions, metal compounds such as metal sulfides, and conductive polymers are used. be able to. Examples thereof include transition metal oxides such as Fe, Co, Ni, and Mn, composite oxides with lithium, and inorganic compounds such as transition metal sulfides. Specifically, transition metal oxide powders such as MnO, V 2 O 5 , V 6 O 13 , TiO 2 , layered structure lithium nickelate, lithium cobaltate, lithium manganate, spinel structure lithium manganate, etc.
- lithium and transition metals examples include composite oxide powders of lithium and transition metals, lithium iron phosphate materials that are phosphate compounds having an olivine structure, transition metal sulfide powders such as TiS 2 and FeS, and the like.
- conductive polymers such as polyaniline, polyacetylene, polypyrrole, and polythiophene can also be used.
- the negative electrode active material for the lithium ion secondary battery is not particularly limited as long as it can dope or intercalate lithium ions.
- metal Li alloys thereof such as tin alloys, silicon alloys, lead alloys, etc., Li X Fe 2 O 3 , Li X Fe 3 O 4 , Li X WO 2 , lithium titanate, lithium vanadate, silicon
- Metal oxides such as lithium oxide, conductive polymer such as polyacetylene and poly-p-phenylene, amorphous carbonaceous materials such as soft carbon and hard carbon, artificial graphite such as highly graphitized carbon materials, or natural Examples thereof include carbonaceous powders such as graphite, carbon black, mesophase carbon black, resin-fired carbon materials, air-growth carbon fibers, and carbon fibers.
- These negative electrode active materials can be used alone or in combination.
- conventionally known materials can be appropriately selected as the positive electrode active material and negative electrode active material for alkaline secondary batteries.
- the size of these active materials (A) is preferably in the range of 0.05 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.1 to 50 ⁇ m.
- the dispersed particle size of the active material (A) in the composite ink is preferably 0.5 to 20 ⁇ m.
- the dispersed particle size referred to here is a particle size (D50) that is 50% when the volume ratio of the particles is integrated from the fine particle size distribution in the volume particle size distribution.
- a particle size distribution meter such as a dynamic light scattering type particle size distribution meter ("Microtrack UPA" manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).
- the carbon material (B) that is a conductive aid is not particularly limited as long as it is a conductive carbon material, but graphite, carbon black, conductive carbon fiber (carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber) , Carbon fiber), fullerene and the like can be used alone or in combination of two or more. From the viewpoint of conductivity, availability, and cost, it is preferable to use carbon black.
- Carbon black is a furnace black produced by continuously pyrolyzing a gas or liquid raw material in a reactor, especially ketjen black using ethylene heavy oil as a raw material.
- Ordinarily oxidized carbon black, hollow carbon and the like can also be used.
- the oxidation treatment of carbon is performed by treating carbon at a high temperature in the air or by secondary treatment with nitric acid, nitrogen dioxide, ozone, etc., for example, such as phenol group, quinone group, carboxyl group, carbonyl group.
- This is a treatment for directly introducing (covalently bonding) an oxygen-containing polar functional group to the carbon surface, and is generally performed to improve the dispersibility of carbon.
- it since it is common for the conductivity of carbon to fall, so that the introduction amount of a functional group increases, it is preferable to use the carbon which has not been oxidized.
- the specific surface area of the carbon black used increases, the number of contact points between the carbon black particles increases, which is advantageous in reducing the internal resistance of the electrode.
- the specific surface area (BET) determined from the amount of nitrogen adsorbed is 20 m 2 / g or more and 1500 m 2 / g or less, preferably 50 m 2 / g or more and 1500 m 2 / g or less, more preferably 100 m 2. / G or more and 1500 m 2 / g or less are desirable.
- carbon black having a specific surface area of less than 20 m 2 / g it may be difficult to obtain sufficient conductivity, and carbon black of more than 1500 m 2 / g may be difficult to obtain from commercially available materials. is there.
- the particle size of the carbon black to be used is preferably 0.005 to 1 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.2 ⁇ m in terms of primary particle size.
- the primary particle diameter here is an average of the particle diameters measured with an electron microscope or the like.
- the dispersed particle size in the composite ink of the carbon material (B), which is a conductive additive be refined to 0.03 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less. It may be difficult to produce a composition having a dispersed particle size of the carbon material as the conductive aid of less than 0.03 ⁇ m. In addition, when a composition having a dispersed particle diameter of the carbon material as the conductive auxiliary agent exceeding 2 ⁇ m is used, problems such as variations in the material distribution of the composite coating film and variations in the resistance distribution of the electrode may occur. .
- the dispersed particle size referred to here is a particle size (D50) that is 50% when the volume ratio of the particles is integrated from the fine particle size distribution in the volume particle size distribution.
- a particle size distribution meter such as a dynamic light scattering type particle size distribution meter ("Microtrack UPA" manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd.).
- Examples of commercially available carbon black include Toka Black # 4300, # 4400, # 4500, # 5500 (Tokai Carbon Co., Furnace Black), Printex L and the like (Degussa Co., Furnace Black), Raven 7000, 5750, 5250, 5000 ULTRA III, 5000 ULTRA, etc., Conductex SC ULTRA, ConducttexC975 ULTRA, etc., PUER BLACK100, 115, 205 etc. (Furnace Black, manufactured by Colombian), # 2350, # 2400B, # 2600B, # 30050B, # 3030B, # 3030B, # 3030B 3350B, # 3400B, # 5400B etc.
- conductive carbon fibers those obtained by firing from petroleum-derived raw materials are preferable, but those obtained by firing from plant-derived raw materials can also be used.
- VGCF manufactured by Showa Denko Co., Ltd. manufactured with petroleum-derived raw materials can be mentioned.
- aqueous liquid medium (D) As the aqueous liquid medium (D) used in the present invention, it is preferable to use water, but if necessary, for example, a liquid medium compatible with water in order to improve the coating property to the current collector. May be used.
- Liquid media compatible with water include alcohols, glycols, cellosolves, amino alcohols, amines, ketones, carboxylic acid amides, phosphoric acid amides, sulfoxides, carboxylic acid esters, and phosphoric acid esters , Ethers, nitriles and the like, and may be used as long as they are compatible with water.
- the composite ink can further contain a binder.
- the binder in the present invention is used for binding particles such as a conductive additive and other active materials, and the effect of dispersing these particles in a solvent is small.
- binders include acrylic resins, polyurethane resins, polyester resins, phenol resins, epoxy resins, phenoxy resins, urea resins, melamine resins, alkyd resins, formaldehyde resins, silicone resins, fluororesins, carboxymethylcellulose and other cellulose resins, styrene -Synthetic rubbers such as butadiene rubber and fluororubber, conductive resins such as polyaniline and polyacetylene, and polymer compounds containing fluorine atoms such as polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl fluoride, and tetrafluoroethylene. Further, a modified product, a mixture, or a copolymer of these resins may be used. These binders can be used alone or in combination.
- a film forming aid, an antifoaming agent, a leveling agent, a preservative, a pH adjusting agent, a viscosity adjusting agent and the like can be blended with the composite ink as necessary.
- the viscosity of the composite ink is preferably 100 mPa ⁇ s or more and 30,000 mPa ⁇ s or less in the range of solid content of 30 to 90% by weight. It is preferable that the active material (A) is contained as much as possible within the viscosity range that can be applied.
- the proportion of the active material (A) in the solid ink solid content is 80 wt% or more and 99 wt% or less. Is preferred.
- the proportion of the amphoteric resin type dispersant (C) in the solid content of the composite ink is preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight.
- the proportion of the conductive auxiliary agent (B) in the solid ink solid content is preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight.
- the ratio of the binder to the solid material ink solid content is preferably 0.1 to 15% by weight.
- Such a composite ink can be obtained by various methods.
- the case of the mixed ink of (4) containing an active material (A), a conductive additive (B), an amphoteric resin type dispersant (C), a binder and an aqueous liquid medium (D) will be described as an example.
- (4-1) An aqueous dispersion of an active material containing the active material (A), the amphoteric resin type dispersant (C) and the aqueous liquid medium (D) is obtained, and the conductive auxiliary agent (B) is added to the aqueous dispersion.
- a binder ink can be added to obtain a composite ink.
- the conductive auxiliary agent (B) and the binder can be added simultaneously, or after the conductive auxiliary agent (B) is added, the binder may be added, or vice versa.
- (4-2) An aqueous dispersion of a conductive additive containing the conductive additive (B), the amphoteric resin type dispersant (C) and the aqueous liquid medium (D) is obtained, and the active material (A) is added to the aqueous dispersion
- a binder ink can be added to obtain a composite ink.
- the active material (A) and the binder can be added simultaneously, or after adding the active material (A), the binder may be added, or vice versa.
- An aqueous dispersion of an active material containing an active material (A), an amphoteric resin type dispersant (C), a binder, and an aqueous liquid medium (D) is obtained, and a conductive additive (B ) To obtain a composite ink.
- An aqueous dispersion of a conductive additive containing a conductive additive (B), an amphoteric resin type dispersant (C) binder and an aqueous liquid medium (D) is obtained, and an active material (A ) To obtain a composite ink.
- the active material (A), the conductive auxiliary agent (B), the amphoteric resin type dispersant (C), the binder and the aqueous liquid medium (D) can be mixed almost at the same time to obtain a composite ink.
- a disperser or a mixer which is usually used for pigment dispersion or the like can be used.
- mixers such as disperser, homomixer, or planetary mixer; homogenizers such as “Clearmix” manufactured by M Technique, or “Fillmix” manufactured by PRIMIX; paint conditioner (manufactured by Red Devil), ball mill, sand mill (Shinmaru Enterprises "Dynomill”, etc.), Attritor, Pearl Mill (Eirich “DCP Mill”, etc.), or Coball Mill, etc .; Media type dispersers; Wet Jet Mill (Genus, “Genus PY”, Sugino Media-less dispersers such as “Starburst” manufactured by Machine, “Nanomizer” manufactured by Nanomizer, etc., “Claire SS-5” manufactured by M Technique, or “MICROS” manufactured by Nara Machinery; or other roll mills, etc. It is mentioned, but this
- a disperser in which the agitator and vessel are made of a ceramic or resin disperser, or the surface of the metal agitator and vessel is treated with tungsten carbide spraying or resin coating is preferably used.
- ceramic beads such as glass beads, zirconia beads, or alumina beads.
- a roll mill it is preferable to use a ceramic roll. Only one type of dispersion device may be used, or a plurality of types of devices may be used in combination.
- a medialess disperser such as a roll mill or a homogenizer is preferable to a media type disperser.
- the composition for forming a secondary battery electrode of the present invention can be used not only as a mixture ink but also as a composition for forming an underlayer.
- the underlayer-forming composition contains a conductive additive (B), an amphoteric resin type dispersant (C), and an aqueous liquid medium (D). Furthermore, a binder can also be contained. About each component, it is the same as that of the case of compound ink.
- the proportion of the carbon material (B) as a conductive additive in the total solid content of the composition used for the electrode underlayer is preferably 5% by weight or more and 95% by weight or less, and more preferably 10% by weight or more and 90% by weight or less. preferable. If the carbon material (B) as a conductive auxiliary agent is small, the conductivity of the underlayer may not be maintained. On the other hand, if the carbon material (B) as a conductive auxiliary agent is too much, the resistance of the coating film decreases. There is a case.
- the appropriate viscosity of electrode base layer ink is based on the coating method of electrode base layer ink, generally it is preferable to set it as 10 mPa * s or more and 30,000 mPa * s or less.
- the composite ink can be applied and dried on a current collector to form a composite layer to obtain a secondary battery electrode.
- the composition for forming an underlayer of the composition for forming a secondary battery electrode of the present invention is formed by forming an underlayer on the current collector, and providing a composite layer on the underlayer, for a secondary battery. An electrode can also be obtained.
- the composite layer provided on the underlayer may be formed using the above-described composite inks (1) to (4) of the present invention, or may be formed using other composite inks.
- the material and shape of the current collector used for the electrode are not particularly limited, and those suitable for various secondary batteries can be appropriately selected.
- examples of the material for the current collector include metals and alloys such as aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, and stainless steel.
- aluminum is particularly preferable as the positive electrode material
- copper is preferable as the negative electrode material.
- a flat foil is used as the shape, but a roughened surface, a perforated foil, or a mesh current collector can also be used.
- the method for applying the composite ink or the composition for forming the underlayer on the current collector there is no particular limitation on the method for applying the composite ink or the composition for forming the underlayer on the current collector, and a known method can be used. Specifically, a die coating method, a dip coating method, a roll coating method, a doctor coating method, a knife coating method, a spray coating method, a gravure coating method, a screen printing method, an electrostatic coating method, and the like can be mentioned. Examples of methods that can be used include standing drying, blower dryers, hot air dryers, infrared heaters, and far-infrared heaters, but are not particularly limited thereto. Moreover, you may perform the rolling process by a lithographic press, a calender roll, etc. after application
- the thickness of the electrode mixture layer is generally 1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the total thickness of the underlayer and the composite layer is generally 1 ⁇ m or more and 500 ⁇ m or less, preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 300 ⁇ m or less.
- a secondary battery can be obtained by using the above electrode for at least one of a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- Secondary batteries include alkaline secondary batteries, lead-acid batteries, sodium-sulfur secondary batteries, lithium-air secondary batteries, etc., as well as lithium ion secondary batteries, which are conventionally known for each secondary battery. Electrolytic solutions, separators, and the like can be used as appropriate.
- Electrode A case of a lithium ion secondary battery will be described as an example.
- an electrolyte containing lithium dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent is used.
- the electrolyte LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, LiC 4 F 9 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 C , LiI, LiBr, LiCl, LiAlCl , LiHF 2, LiSCN, or LiBPh 4 etc. but are not limited to.
- the non-aqueous solvent is not particularly limited.
- carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, and diethyl carbonate; ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, and ⁇ - Lactones such as octanoic lactone; tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, 4-methyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,2-methoxyethane, 1,2-ethoxyethane, and 1,2 -Grimes such as dibutoxyethane; esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate and methyl propionate; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide and sulfolane; and nitriles such as acetonitrile. And the like.
- These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the electrolyte solution can be a polymer electrolyte that is held in a polymer matrix and made into a gel.
- the polymer matrix include, but are not limited to, an acrylate resin having a polyalkylene oxide segment, a polyphosphazene resin having a polyalkylene oxide segment, and a polysiloxane having a polyalkylene oxide segment.
- separator examples include, but are not limited to, a polyethylene nonwoven fabric, a polypropylene nonwoven fabric, a polyamide nonwoven fabric and those obtained by subjecting them to a hydrophilic treatment.
- the structure of the lithium ion secondary battery using the composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but is usually composed of a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and a separator provided as necessary, a paper type, a cylindrical type, a button type, It can be made into various shapes according to the purpose of use, such as a laminated type.
- Example 1 10 parts of acetylene black (Denka Black HS-100) as a carbon material as a conductive additive, and 10 parts of an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion of the amphoteric resin type dispersant (1) described in Synthesis Example (1) (2% as solid content) Part) and 80 parts of water were mixed in a mixer, and further dispersed in a sand mill to obtain a carbon material dispersion (1) for a secondary battery electrode.
- acetylene black Digi Black HS-100
- Example 2 For a secondary battery electrode, 10 parts of acetylene black (DENKA BLACK HS-100) as a carbon material as a conductive aid, 10 parts of a dispersant described in Synthesis Example (2), and 80 parts of water are placed in a kneader. A carbon material dispersion (2) was obtained.
- the degree of dispersion of the carbon material dispersion for the secondary battery electrode and the composite ink was determined by determination with a grind gauge (according to JISK5600-2-5). The evaluation results are shown in Table 2 for the carbon material dispersion. The numbers in the table indicate the size of the coarse particles. The smaller the value, the better the dispersibility and the more uniform the carbon material dispersion for secondary battery electrodes.
- Example 11 With respect to 50 parts of the carbon material dispersion for secondary battery electrodes (1) prepared in Example 1 (5 parts as acetylene black solid content), 45 parts of LiFePO 4 as the positive electrode active material, and binder (polytetrafluoroethylene 30- J: Mitsui / DuPont Fluoro Chemical Co., Ltd., 60% aqueous dispersion) 8.3 parts and 50 parts of water were mixed to prepare a positive electrode material ink for a secondary battery electrode. The dispersity of the composite ink was determined in the same manner as the dispersity of the carbon material dispersion described above.
- this mixed-material ink for secondary battery electrodes for positive electrodes for positive electrodes on the 20-micrometer-thick aluminum foil used as a collector using a doctor blade, it heat-drys under reduced pressure and the thickness of an electrode becomes 100 micrometers. Adjusted as follows. Furthermore, the rolling process by a roll press was performed, the positive electrode from which thickness becomes 85 micrometers was produced, and the softness
- a coin-type battery comprising a non-aqueous electrolyte solution in which LiPF 6 was dissolved at a concentration of 1 M in a mixed solvent obtained by mixing 1: 1 at a volume ratio.
- the coin-type battery was used in a glove box substituted with argon gas, and after the coin-type battery was produced, predetermined battery characteristics were evaluated.
- the electrode produced above was formed into a strip shape and wound so that the current collector side was in contact with a metal rod having a diameter of 3 mm, and cracks on the electrode surface that occurred during winding were determined by visual observation. The one that does not crack is more flexible.
- ⁇ “No cracking (practical problem-free level)”
- ⁇ “In rare cases, cracks are seen (there is a problem, but the usable level)”
- ⁇ “Partial cracks are seen”
- the active material used is LiCoO 2 , it is the same as LiFePO 4 except that the charging current is 1.2 mA, the charging end voltage is 4.3 V, the discharging current is 1.2 mA, and the discharging end voltage is 2.8 V.
- the charge / discharge storage characteristics can be measured.
- the charging current is 1.5 mA, the charging end voltage is 0.1 V, the discharging current is 1.5 mA, and the discharging end voltage is 2.0 V, The charge / discharge storage characteristics can be measured as in the case of LiFePO 4 .
- Example 21 Carbon for secondary battery electrodes using 45 parts of LiFePO 4 as a positive electrode active material, 8.3 parts of binder (polytetrafluoroethylene 30-J: manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd., 60% aqueous dispersion) and 50 parts of water.
- binder polytetrafluoroethylene 30-J: manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd., 60% aqueous dispersion
- a mixture ink for positive electrode secondary battery electrode and a positive electrode were obtained and evaluated in the same manner. .
- Example 22 With respect to 10 parts (1 part as acetylene black solid content) of the carbon material dispersion (1) for secondary battery electrodes prepared in Example 1, 96 parts of artificial graphite as a negative electrode active material and binder (polytetrafluoroethylene 30- J: Mitsui-Du Pont Fluoro Chemical Co., Ltd., 60% aqueous dispersion) 5 parts and 90 parts of water were mixed to prepare a composite ink for a secondary battery electrode for a negative electrode. This negative electrode mixture ink was applied onto a 20 ⁇ m thick copper foil serving as a current collector using a doctor blade, and then dried under reduced pressure to adjust the electrode thickness to 100 ⁇ m.
- a rolling process using a roll press was performed to prepare a negative electrode having a thickness of 85 ⁇ m, and evaluation was performed in the same manner as in the case of the positive electrode.
- the charge / discharge retention characteristics were evaluated using an evaluation coin-type battery having a negative electrode as a working electrode and a metal lithium foil as a counter electrode.
- Example 38 Comparative Examples 21 and 29
- Example 38 As shown in Table 3B, in the same manner as in Example 22, except that the carbon material dispersions (19), (11), and (24) for secondary battery electrodes prepared in Comparative Example 1 were used. A composite ink and a negative electrode were obtained and evaluated in the same manner.
- Example 23 Dispersion of carbon material for secondary battery electrode using 96 parts of artificial graphite as anode active material, 5 parts of binder (polytetrafluoroethylene 30-J: made by Mitsui / DuPont Fluorochemicals, 60% aqueous dispersion) and 90 parts of water
- binder polytetrafluoroethylene 30-J: made by Mitsui / DuPont Fluorochemicals, 60% aqueous dispersion
- the conductive aid and dispersant shown in Table 3B were used instead of using the body, a mixed material ink for negative electrode secondary battery electrode and a negative electrode were obtained and evaluated in the same manner.
- the carbon material or the active material as the conductive auxiliary agent is uniformly dispersed in the composite ink.
- the flexibility and adhesion of the electrode are balanced, and also in battery characteristics, a decrease in discharge capacity after 100 hours at 60 ° C. is suppressed.
- the carbon material or the active material, which is a conductive auxiliary agent is insufficiently controlled in dispersion in the mixture ink, a uniform conductive network as an electrode is not formed. It is considered that resistance distribution due to mechanical aggregation occurs, and current concentration occurs when used as a battery, so that deterioration is accelerated.
- distribution control of the carbon material or active material which is a conductive support agent is inadequate, the tendency for the softness
- the dispersion control of the carbon material that is a conductive additive is insufficient, the tendency is remarkable. Therefore, when the composite ink for secondary battery electrodes of the present invention is used, the carbon material or the active material that is the conductive auxiliary agent is uniformly dispersed in the composite ink, so that the improvement has become possible. Conceivable.
- Example 24 As a positive electrode active material, 45 parts of LiFePO 4, 5 parts of a binder (polytetrafluoroethylene 30-J: manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd., 60% aqueous dispersion) and 50 parts of water are used. A mixture ink and a positive electrode for a secondary battery positive electrode were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts (2 parts as a solid content) of an aqueous solution or an aqueous dispersion of the amphoteric resin type dispersant (1) were used. Evaluated.
- Example 39 Comparative Examples 24 and 30
- the dispersing agent shown in Table 4 or 2 parts of hydroxyethylcellulose, it carried out similarly to Example 24, and obtained the mixed-material ink and positive electrode for secondary battery positive electrodes, and evaluated similarly.
- Example 25 As the negative electrode active material, 94 parts of artificial graphite, 7 parts of binder (polytetrafluoroethylene 30-J: manufactured by Mitsui / Dupont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd., 60% aqueous dispersion) and 90 parts of water were used. A mixture ink and a negative electrode for secondary battery negative electrode were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 10 parts (2 parts as a solid content) of an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion of the amphoteric resin type dispersant (1) were used. Evaluated.
- Example 40 Comparative Examples 25 and 31 Except having used the dispersing agent shown in Table 4, or 2 parts of hydroxyethylcellulose, it carried out similarly to Example 25, and obtained the composite ink and negative electrode for secondary battery negative electrodes, and evaluated similarly.
- Example 26 10 parts of acetylene black (Denka Black HS-100) as a carbon material which is a conductive additive, 5 parts of an aqueous solution or aqueous dispersion of the amphoteric resin type dispersant (1) described in Synthesis Example (1) (1% as solid content) Part), binder (polytetrafluoroethylene 30-J: manufactured by Mitsui DuPont Fluorochemical Co., Ltd., 60% aqueous dispersion) and 81 parts of water are mixed in a mixer, and further dispersed in a sand mill. A composition for forming a base layer for a secondary battery electrode was obtained, and the degree of dispersion was measured with a grind gauge.
- Example 27 Except having used the dispersing agent shown in Table 4, or 1 part of hydroxyethylcellulose, it carried out similarly to Example 26, and obtained the composition for base layer formation for secondary battery electrodes, and evaluated similarly. Subsequently, after applying the mixture ink for secondary battery positive electrode shown in Table 4 on the said base layer, it heat-dried under reduced pressure, the positive electrode was obtained similarly to Example 17 and evaluated similarly.
- composition for secondary battery electrode formation of this invention when used for a base layer, it turns out that it is still more favorable compared with the evaluation result of Example 17 and Comparative Example 10 which do not use a base layer. .
- the composition for forming a secondary battery electrode of the present invention made the contact portion between the current collector and the composite material layer more uniform and strong.
- Comparative Example 26 the dispersion state of the composition for forming the secondary battery electrode for the underlayer was insufficient, and even when the electrode was used, the result was inferior to the evaluation result of Example 17. . This is presumably because the state of close contact between the current collector and the composite material layer was inadequate, resulting in a non-uniform state as an electrode as compared with the case where the base layer was not used.
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Abstract
Description
即ち、本発明は、電極活物質(A)もしくは導電助剤である炭素材料(B)の少なくとも一方と、下記単量体を共重合してなる共重合体中のカルボキシル基の少なくとも一部を塩基性化合物で中和してなる両性樹脂型分散剤(C)と、水性液状媒体(D)とを含有する、二次電池電極形成用組成物に関する。
芳香環を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c1):5~70重量%
カルボキシル基を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c2):15~60重量%
アミノ基を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c3):1~80重量%
前記(c1)~(c3)以外のその他の単量体(c4):0~79重量%
(但し、前記(c1)~(c4)の合計を100重量%とする)
例えば、金属箔等の集電体の表面に、
(1)活物質と液状媒体とを含有するインキ状組成物(以下、合材インキという)や、
(2)活物質と導電助剤と液状媒体とを含有する合材インキや、
(3)活物質とバインダーと液状媒体とを含有する合材インキや、
(4)活物質と導電助剤とバインダーと液状媒体とを含有する合材インキを、
用いて合材層を形成し、電極を得ることができる。
両性樹脂型分散剤(C)は、活物質の凝集を緩和したり、導電助剤である炭素材料に対しても分散剤として機能したりする。
従って、本発明の二次電池電極形成用組成物は、活物質を必須とする合材インキとしても、活物質を必須とはしない下地層形成用組成物としても活用できる。
芳香環を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c1)が5~70重量%、
カルボキシル基を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c2)が15~60重量%、
アミノ基を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c3)が1~80重量%、
前記(c1)~(c3)以外のその他の単量体(c4)が0~79重量%である。
好ましくは、(c1):20~70重量%、(c2):15~45重量%、(c3):1~70重量%、(c4):0~50重量%である。
より好ましくは、(c1):30~70重量%、(c2):15~35重量%、(c3):1~40重量%、(c4):0~40重量%である。
前記したように、本発明の二次電池電極形成用組成物は、合材インキとしても使用できるし、下地層形成用組成物としても使用できる。そこで、本発明の二次電池電極形成用組成物の好適な態様の1つである活物質を必須とする合材インキについて説明する。合材インキは、正極合材インキ又は負極合材インキがあり、既に説明したように、それぞれ下記(1)~(4)に示すような種々の態様がある。
(1)活物質(A)と両性樹脂型分散剤(C)と水性液状媒体(D)とを含有する合材インキ。
(2)前記(1)に導電助剤(B)をさらに含有する合材インキ。
(3)前記(1)にバインダーをさらに含有する合材インキ。
(4)前記(1)に導電助剤(B)とバインダーとをさらに含有する合材インキ。
(4-1) 活物質(A)と両性樹脂型分散剤(C)と水性液状媒体(D)とを含有する活物質の水性分散体を得、該水性分散体に導電助剤(B)とバインダーとを加え、合材インキを得ることができる。導電助剤(B)とバインダーは、同時に加えることもできるし、導電助剤(B)を加えた後、バインダーを加えてもよいし、その逆であってもよい。
(4-2) 導電助剤(B)と両性樹脂型分散剤(C)と水性液状媒体(D)と含有する導電助剤の水性分散体を得、該水性分散体に活物質(A)とバインダーとを加え、合材インキを得ることができる。活物質(A)とバインダー同時に加えることもできるし、活物質(A)を加えた後、バインダーを加えてもよいし、その逆であってもよい。
(4-3) 活物質(A)と両性樹脂型分散剤(C)とバインダーと水性液状媒体(D)と含有する活物質の水性分散体を得、該水性分散体に導電助剤(B)を加え、合材インキを得ることができる。
(4-4) 導電助剤(B)と両性樹脂型分散剤(C)バインダーと水性液状媒体(D)と含有する導電助剤の水性分散体を得、該水性分散体に活物質(A)を加え、合材インキを得ることができる。
(4-5) 活物質(A)と導電助剤(B)と両性樹脂型分散剤(C)とバインダーと水性液状媒体(D)をほとんど同時に混合し、合材インキを得ることができる。
合材インキを得る際に用いられる装置としては、顔料分散等に通常用いられている分散機、混合機が使用できる。例えば、ディスパー、ホモミキサー、若しくはプラネタリーミキサー等のミキサー類;エム・テクニック社製「クレアミックス」、若しくはPRIMIX社「フィルミックス」等のホモジナイザー類;ペイントコンディショナー(レッドデビル社製)、ボールミル、サンドミル(シンマルエンタープライゼス社製「ダイノミル」等)、アトライター、パールミル(アイリッヒ社製「DCPミル」等)、若しくはコボールミル等のメディア型分散機;湿式ジェットミル(ジーナス社製「ジーナスPY」、スギノマシン社製「スターバースト」、ナノマイザー社製「ナノマイザー」等)、エム・テクニック社製「クレアSS-5」、若しくは奈良機械社製「MICROS」等のメディアレス分散機;又は、その他ロールミル等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。また、分散機としては、分散機からの金属混入防止処理を施したものを用いることが好ましい。
前記したように、本発明の二次電池電極形成用組成物は、合材インキとしても使用できる他、下地層形成用組成物としても使用できる。下地層形成用組成物は、導電助剤(B)と両性樹脂型分散剤(C)と水性液状媒体(D)とを含有する。さらにバインダーを含有することもできる。各成分については、合材インキの場合と同様である。
本発明の二次電池電極形成用組成物のうち合材インキを、集電体上に塗工・乾燥し、合材層を形成し、二次電池用電極を得ることができる。あるいは、本発明の二次電池電極形成用組成物のうち下地層形成用組成物を、集電体上に下地層を形成し、該下地層上に、合材層を設け、二次電池用電極を得ることもできる。下地層上に設ける合材層は、上記した本発明の合材インキ(1)~(4)を用いて形成してもよいし、他の合材インキを用いて形成することもできる。
電極に使用する集電体の材質や形状は特に限定されず、各種二次電池にあったものを適宜選択することができる。例えば、集電体の材質としては、アルミニウム、銅、ニッケル、チタン、又はステンレス等の金属や合金が挙げられる。リチウムイオン電池の場合、特に正極材料としてはアルミニウムが、負極材料としては銅が、それぞれ好ましい。また、形状としては、一般的には平板上の箔が用いられるが、表面を粗面化したものや、穴あき箔状のもの、及びメッシュ状の集電体も使用できる。
正極もしくは負極の少なくとも一方に上記の電極を用い、二次電池を得ることができる。二次電池としては、リチウムイオン二次電池の他、アルカリ二次電池、鉛蓄電池、ナトリウム硫黄二次電池、リチウム空気二次電池等が挙げられ、それぞれの二次電池で従来から知られている、電解液やセパレーター等を適宜用いることができる。
リチウムイオン二次電池の場合を例にとって説明する。電解液としては、リチウムを含んだ電解質を非水系の溶剤に溶解したものを用いる。電解質としては、LiBF4、LiClO4、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiSbF6、LiCF3SO3、Li(CF3SO2)2N、LiC4F9SO3、Li(CF3SO2)3C、LiI、LiBr、LiCl、LiAlCl、LiHF2、LiSCN、又はLiBPh4等が挙げられるがこれらに限定されない。
セパレーターとしては、例えば、ポリエチレン不織布、ポリプロピレン不織布、ポリアミド不織布及びそれらに親水性処理を施したものが挙げられるが、特にこれらに限定されるものではない。
本発明の組成物を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池の構造については特に限定されないが、通常、正極及び負極と、必要に応じて設けられるセパレータとから構成され、ペーパー型、円筒型、ボタン型、積層型等、使用する目的に応じた種々の形状とすることができる。
ガス導入管、温度計、コンデンサー、攪拌機を備えた反応容器に、n-ブタノール200.0部を仕込み、窒素ガスで置換した。反応容器内を110℃に加熱して、スチレン100.0部、アクリル酸60.0部、ジメチルアミノエチルメタクリレート40.0部、及びV-601(和光純薬製)12.0部の混合物を2時間かけて滴下し、重合反応を行った。滴下終了後、さらに110℃で3時間反応させた後、V-601(和光純薬製)0.6部を添加し、さらに110℃で1時間反応を続けて、共重合体(1)溶液を得た。また、共重合体(1)の酸価は219.1(mgKOH/g)であった。さらに、室温まで冷却した後、ジメチルアミノエタノール74.2部添加し中和した。これは、アクリル酸を100%中和する量である。さらに、水を400部添加して水性化した後、100℃まで加熱し、ブタノールを水と共沸させてブタノールを留去した。水で希釈し、不揮発分20%の両性樹脂型分散剤(1)の水溶液ないし水性分散体を得た。また、不揮発分20%の両性樹脂型分散剤(1)の水溶液の粘度は、40mPa・sであった。
表1に示す配合組成で、合成例1と同様の方法で合成し、合成例2~20の分散剤を得た。
導電助剤である炭素材料としてアセチレンブラック(デンカブラックHS-100)10部、合成例(1)に記載の両性樹脂型分散剤(1)の水溶液ないし水性分散体を10部(固形分として2部)、水80部をミキサーに入れて混合し、さらにサンドミルに入れて分散を行い、二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(1)を得た。
導電助剤である炭素材料としてアセチレンブラック(デンカブラックHS-100)10部、合成例(2)に記載の分散剤10部、水80部をニーダーに入れて分散を行い、二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(2)を得た。
表2に示す導電助剤である炭素材料、分散剤を使用して、二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(1)と同様の方法で、実施例3~10、28~32の二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(3)~(10)、(19)~(23)と、比較例1~8、27の二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(11)~(18)、(24)とを得、以下の方法にて、炭素材料分散体としての分散度を求めた。
二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体及び合材インキの分散度は、グラインドゲージによる判定(JISK5600-2-5に準ず)より求めた。評価結果を炭素材料分散体の場合の結果を表2に示す。表中の数字は粗大粒子の大きさを示し、数値が小さいほど分散性に優れ、均一な二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体であることを示している。
[実施例11]
実施例1で調製した二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(1)50部(アセチレンブラック固形分量として5部)に対して、正極活物質としてLiFePO4 45部、バインダー(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン30-J:三井・デュポンフロロケミカル社製、60%水系分散体)8.3部、水50部を混合して、正極用の二次電池電極用合材インキを作製した。合材インキの分散度を、前述の炭素材料分散体の分散度の場合と同様にして求めた。そして、この正極用の二次電池電極用合材インキを、集電体となる厚さ20μmのアルミ箔上にドクターブレードを用いて塗布した後、減圧加熱乾燥して電極の厚みが100μmとなるよう調整した。さらに、ロールプレスによる圧延処理を行い、厚みが85μmとなる正極を作製し、柔軟性と密着性を以下の方法にて評価した。
上記で作製した電極を短冊状にして集電体側を直径3mmの金属棒に接するように巻きつけ、巻きつけ時に起こる電極表面のひび割れを、目視観察により判定した。ひび割れが起こらないものほど、柔軟性が良い。
○ :「ひび割れなし(実用上問題のないレベル)」
○△:「ごくまれにひび割れが見られる(問題があるが、使用可能レベル)」
△ :「部分的にひび割れが見られる」
× :「全体的にひび割れが見られる」
上記で作製した電極に、ナイフを用いて電極表面から集電体に達する深さまでの切込みを2mm間隔で縦横それぞれ6本の碁盤目の切込みを入れた。この切り込みに粘着テープを貼り付けて直ちに引き剥がし、活物質の脱落の程度を目視判定で判定した。評価基準を下記に示す。
○ :「剥離なし(実用上問題のないレベル)」
○△:「わずかに剥離(問題はあるが使用可能レベル)」
△ :「半分程度剥離」
× :「ほとんどの部分で剥離」
得られたコイン型電池について、充放電装置(北斗電工社製SM-8)を用い、充放電測定を行った。使用する活物質がLiFePO4の場合は、充電電流1.2mAにて充電終止電圧4.2Vまで定電流充電を続けた。電池の電圧が4.2Vに達した後、放電電流1.2mAで放電終止電圧2.0Vに達するまで定電流放電を行った。これらの充電・放電サイクルを1サイクルとして5サイクルの充電・放電を繰り返し、5サイクル目の放電容量を初回放電容量とした。(初回放電容量を維持率100%とする)。
○ :「変化率が95%以上。特に優れている。」
○△:「変化率が90%以上、95%未満。全く問題なし。」
△ :「変化率が85%以上、90%未満。問題はあるが使用可能なレベル。」
× :「変化率が85%未満。実用上問題あり、使用不可。」
表3Aに示すように二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(2)~(18)、(19)~(24)を用いた以外は実施例11と同様にして、正極二次電池電極用合材インキ及び正極を得、同様に評価した。
正極活物質としてLiFePO4 45部、バインダー(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン30-J:三井・デュポンフロロケミカル社製、60%水系分散体)8.3部、水50部を用い、二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体を用いない代わりに表3Aに示す導電助剤や分散剤とを用いた以外は実施例11と同様にして、正極二次電池電極用合材インキ及び正極を得、同様に評価した。
[実施例22]
実施例1で調製した二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(1)10部(アセチレンブラック固形分量として1部)に対して、負極活物質として人造黒鉛96部、バインダー(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン30-J:三井・デュポンフロロケミカル社製、60%水系分散体)5部、水90部を混合して、負極用の二次電池電極用合材インキを作製した。この負極合材インキを集電体となる厚さ20μmの銅箔上にドクターブレードを用いて塗布した後、減圧加熱乾燥して電極の厚みが100μmとなるよう調整した。ロールプレスによる圧延処理を行い、厚みが85μmとなる負極を作製し、正極の場合と同様に評価した。なお、充放電保持特性は、負極を作用極、金属リチウム箔を対極とした評価用コイン型電池を用いて、評価した。
表3Bに示すように比較例1で調製した二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体(19)、(11)、(24)を用いた以外は実施例22と同様にして、負極二次電池電極用合材インキ及び負極を得、同様に評価した。
負極活物質として人造黒鉛96部、バインダー(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン30-J:三井・デュポンフロロケミカル社製、60%水系分散体)5部、水90部を用い、二次電池電極用炭素材料分散体を用いない代わりに表3Bに示す導電助剤や分散剤とを用いた以外は実施例22と同様にして、負極二次電池電極用合材インキ及び負極を得、同様に評価した。
正極活物質としてLiFePO4 45部、バインダー(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン30-J:三井・デュポンフロロケミカル社製、60%水系分散体)5部、水50部を用い、合成例(1)に記載の両性樹脂型分散剤(1)の水溶液ないし水性分散体を10部(固形分として2部)用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、二次電池正極用合材インキ及び正極を得、同様に評価した。
表4に示す分散剤、又はヒドロキシエチルセルロース2部を用いた以外は実施例24と同様にして、二次電池正極用合材インキ及び正極を得、同様に評価した。
負極活物質として人造黒鉛94部、バインダー(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン30-J:三井・デュポンフロロケミカル社製、60%水系分散体)7部、水90部を用い、合成例(1)に記載の両性樹脂型分散剤(1)の水溶液ないし水性分散体を10部(固形分として2部)用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、二次電池負極用合材インキ及び負極を得、同様に評価した。
表4に示す分散剤、又はヒドロキシエチルセルロース2部を用いた以外は実施例25と同様にして、二次電池負極用合材インキ及び負極を得、同様に評価した。
導電助剤である炭素材料としてアセチレンブラック(デンカブラックHS-100)10部、合成例(1)に記載の両性樹脂型分散剤(1)の水溶液ないし水性分散体を5部(固形分として1部)、バインダー(ポリテトラフルオロエチレン30-J:三井・デュポンフロロケミカル社製、60%水系分散体)4部、水81部をミキサーに入れて混合し、さらにサンドミルに入れて分散を行い、二次電池電極用下地層形成用組成物を得、グラインドゲージにて分散度を測定した。そして、この下地層形成用組成物を、集電体となる厚さ20μmのアルミ箔上にドクターブレードを用いて塗布した後、加熱乾燥し、厚みが8μmとなるように下地層を形成した。次いで、前記下地層上に実施例17の二次電池正極用合材インキを塗布した後、減圧加熱乾燥して、以下実施例17と同様にして正極を得、同様に評価した。
表4に示す分散剤、又はヒドロキシエチルセルロース1部を用いた以外は実施例26と同様にして、二次電池電極用下地層形成用組成物を得、同様に評価した。次いで、前記下地層上に表4に示す二次電池正極用合材インキを塗布した後、減圧加熱乾燥して、以下実施例17と同様にして正極を得、同様に評価した。
Claims (3)
- 電極活物質(A)もしくは導電助剤である炭素材料(B)の少なくとも一方と、下記単量体を共重合してなる共重合体中のカルボキシル基の少なくとも一部を塩基性化合物で中和してなる両性樹脂型分散剤(C)と、水性液状媒体(D)とを含有する、二次電池電極形成用組成物。
芳香環を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c1):5~70重量%
カルボキシル基を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c2):15~60重量%
アミノ基を有するエチレン性不飽和単量体(c3):1~80重量%
前記(c1)~(c3)以外のその他の単量体(c4):0~79重量%
(但し、前記(c1)~(c4)の合計を100重量%とする) - 集電体と、請求項1記載の二次電池電極形成用組成物から形成される合材層もしくは電極下地層の少なくも一層とを具備する二次電池用電極。
- 正極と負極と電解液とを具備する二次電池であって、前記正極もしくは前記負極の少なくとも一方が、請求項2記載の二次電池用電極である、二次電池。
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| ES12799865.6T ES2579328T3 (es) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-11 | Composición para la formación de un electrodo de batería secundaria, electrodo de batería secundaria, y batería secundaria |
| EP12799865.6A EP2722912B1 (en) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-11 | Composition for forming secondary battery electrode, secondary battery electrode, and secondary battery |
| KR1020147000575A KR101588985B1 (ko) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-11 | 이차전지 전극 형성용 조성물, 이차전지 전극 및 이차전지 |
| JP2013520536A JP5954322B2 (ja) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-11 | 二次電池電極形成用組成物、二次電池電極、及び二次電池 |
| CN201280029116.7A CN103597637B (zh) | 2011-06-15 | 2012-06-11 | 二次电池电极形成用组合物、二次电池电极以及二次电池 |
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- 2012-06-11 JP JP2013520536A patent/JP5954322B2/ja active Active
- 2012-06-11 CN CN201280029116.7A patent/CN103597637B/zh active Active
- 2012-06-11 KR KR1020147000575A patent/KR101588985B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-11 WO PCT/JP2012/064869 patent/WO2012173072A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2012-06-11 EP EP12799865.6A patent/EP2722912B1/en active Active
- 2012-06-11 US US14/125,281 patent/US9853290B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-06-11 ES ES12799865.6T patent/ES2579328T3/es active Active
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Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013069672A (ja) * | 2011-07-04 | 2013-04-18 | Toyo Ink Sc Holdings Co Ltd | 二次電池電極形成用組成物、二次電池電極、及び二次電池 |
| KR20150121030A (ko) | 2013-02-21 | 2015-10-28 | 토요잉크Sc홀딩스주식회사 | 도전성 조성물, 축전 디바이스용 하지층 부착 집전체, 축전 디바이스용 전극 및 축전 디바이스 |
| WO2014171415A1 (ja) | 2013-04-19 | 2014-10-23 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 導電性組成物、下地層形成用導電性組成物、蓄電デバイス用下地層付き集電体、蓄電デバイス用電極、および蓄電デバイス |
| KR20150144769A (ko) | 2013-04-19 | 2015-12-28 | 토요잉크Sc홀딩스주식회사 | 도전성 조성물, 하지층 형성용 도전성 조성물, 축전 디바이스용 하지층 부착 집전체, 축전 디바이스용 전극 및 축전 디바이스 |
| JP2014216432A (ja) * | 2013-04-24 | 2014-11-17 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | キャパシタ用電極形成用組成物、キャパシタ用電極、及びキャパシタ |
| KR20160015222A (ko) | 2013-06-04 | 2016-02-12 | 제온 코포레이션 | 리튬 이온 이차 전지 전극용 바인더 조성물, 리튬 이온 이차 전지 전극용 슬러리 조성물, 리튬 이온 이차 전지용 전극 및 리튬 이온 이차 전지 |
| US9882216B2 (en) | 2013-06-04 | 2018-01-30 | Zeon Corporation | Binder composition for lithium ion secondary battery electrodes, slurry composition for lithium ion secondary battery electrodes, electrode for lithium ion secondary batteries, and lithium ion secondary battery |
| JP2015092437A (ja) * | 2013-11-08 | 2015-05-14 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 燃料電池電極形成用組成物、およびそれを用いた燃料電池 |
| WO2016093095A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-08 | 2016-06-16 | 日立化成株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びそれを用いたリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| JPWO2016093095A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-08 | 2017-07-27 | 日立化成株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極及びそれを用いたリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| US10944126B2 (en) | 2014-12-08 | 2021-03-09 | Showa Denko Materials Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for lithium ion secondary battery, and lithium ion secondary battery using the same |
| JP2017188284A (ja) * | 2016-04-05 | 2017-10-12 | 東洋インキScホールディングス株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス電極形成用組成物、蓄電デバイス電極、及び蓄電デバイス |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| KR20140032479A (ko) | 2014-03-14 |
| CN103597637A (zh) | 2014-02-19 |
| US20140127571A1 (en) | 2014-05-08 |
| ES2579328T3 (es) | 2016-08-10 |
| EP2722912A1 (en) | 2014-04-23 |
| CN103597637B (zh) | 2016-01-20 |
| JP5954322B2 (ja) | 2016-07-20 |
| JPWO2012173072A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
| KR101588985B1 (ko) | 2016-01-26 |
| US9853290B2 (en) | 2017-12-26 |
| EP2722912A4 (en) | 2015-03-11 |
| EP2722912B1 (en) | 2016-03-30 |
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