WO2012172858A1 - 光学素子、光源装置及び投射型表示装置 - Google Patents
光学素子、光源装置及び投射型表示装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012172858A1 WO2012172858A1 PCT/JP2012/059474 JP2012059474W WO2012172858A1 WO 2012172858 A1 WO2012172858 A1 WO 2012172858A1 JP 2012059474 W JP2012059474 W JP 2012059474W WO 2012172858 A1 WO2012172858 A1 WO 2012172858A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/008—Surface plasmon devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/55—Specular reflectivity
- G01N21/552—Attenuated total reflection
- G01N21/553—Attenuated total reflection and using surface plasmons
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/645—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters
- G01N21/648—Specially adapted constructive features of fluorimeters using evanescent coupling or surface plasmon coupling for the excitation of fluorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/0001—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems
- G02B6/0011—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings specially adapted for lighting devices or systems the light guides being planar or of plate-like form
- G02B6/0033—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide
- G02B6/005—Means for improving the coupling-out of light from the light guide provided by one optical element, or plurality thereof, placed on the light output side of the light guide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
- G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2006—Lamp housings characterised by the light source
- G03B21/2033—LED or laser light sources
- G03B21/204—LED or laser light sources using secondary light emission, e.g. luminescence or fluorescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03B—APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR TAKING PHOTOGRAPHS OR FOR PROJECTING OR VIEWING THEM; APPARATUS OR ARRANGEMENTS EMPLOYING ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ACCESSORIES THEREFOR
- G03B21/00—Projectors or projection-type viewers; Accessories therefor
- G03B21/14—Details
- G03B21/20—Lamp housings
- G03B21/2073—Polarisers in the lamp house
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
- G02F1/133602—Direct backlight
- G02F1/133606—Direct backlight including a specially adapted diffusing, scattering or light controlling members
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical element, a light source device, and a projection display device that use plasmon coupling to emit light.
- LED projector using a light emitting diode (LED) as a light emitting element included in a light source device has been proposed.
- a light source device having an LED, an illumination optical system into which light from the light source device is incident, a light valve having a liquid crystal display panel into which light from the illumination optical system is incident, and light from the light valve And a projection optical system for projecting onto the projection surface.
- LED projectors are required to prevent light loss as much as possible in the optical path from the light source device to the light valve in order to increase the brightness of the projected image.
- Non-Patent Document 1 there is a restriction due to Etendue determined by the product of the area of the light source device and the radiation angle. That is, if the product value of the light emitting area and the emission angle of the light source device is not less than or equal to the product value of the area of the incident surface of the light valve and the capture angle (solid angle) determined by the F number of the projection lens, the light source The light from the device is not used as projection light.
- a light source device provided in an LED projector, it is indispensable to realize a projection light beam of about several thousand lumens by using a plurality of LEDs in order to make up for a shortage of light quantity of a single LED.
- Patent Document 1 discloses, as shown in FIG. 1, a plurality of single color light source devices 83a to 83f having LEDs 84a to 84f, and these single color light source devices 83a to 83f.
- a light source unit including a light guide device 80 is disclosed.
- this light source unit light from the plurality of monochromatic light source devices 83 a to 83 f is combined, and light whose radiation angle is narrowed by the light source sets 81 a and 81 b is incident on the light guide device 80.
- the radiation angle of light incident on the light guide device 80 is narrowed by the light source sets 81a and 81b, thereby reducing light loss.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a light source device including a light source substrate 86 in which a plurality of LEDs 85 are arranged on a plane as shown in FIG. Yes.
- This light source device includes an optical element that includes two prism sheets 88 and 89 arranged on one surface and having a prism array crossed and a frame 87 that supports the prism sheets 88 and 89. I have.
- light from a plurality of LEDs 85 is synthesized by two prism sheets 88 and 89.
- the light emission areas on the dichroic reflecting surfaces of the optical axis alignment members 82a to 82d are larger than the light emission areas of the LEDs 84a to 84f. For this reason, when the etendue of light incident on the light guide device 80 is compared with the etendue of light from the LEDs 84a to 84f, the etendue does not change as a result.
- the etendue of the emitted light from the light guide device 80 depends on the etendue of the LEDs 84a to 84f, and the etendue of the emitted light from the light guide device 80 can be reduced. There wasn't.
- the etendue of the light emitted from the light source unit and the light source device depends on the etendue of the light from the LED, and the etendue of the light emitted from the optical element is reduced. It could not be reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned problems of the related art and to reduce the etendue of light emitted from the optical element without depending on the etendue of the light emitting element, and a light source device and a projection display device including the same Is to provide.
- the optical element according to the present invention includes: An incident surface on which light is incident; A carrier generation layer that is stacked on the incident surface and generates carriers by light; A plasmon excitation layer that is stacked on the carrier generation layer and has a plasma frequency higher than a frequency of light generated when the carrier generation layer is excited by light incident from an incident surface; An emission layer that is laminated on the plasmon excitation layer and converts the light incident from the plasmon excitation layer into a predetermined emission angle and emits the light, and The plasmon excitation layer is sandwiched between two layers having dielectric properties, With the plasmon excitation layer as a boundary, the effective dielectric constant of the emission side portion that becomes the emission layer side is higher than the effective dielectric constant of the incident side portion that becomes the carrier generation layer side, A dielectric constant between the plasmon excitation layer and the carrier generation layer is higher than a dielectric constant between the carrier generation layer and the incident surface.
- the light source device includes the optical element of the present invention and a light emitting element disposed on the outer peripheral portion of the light guide.
- a projection display device includes the light source device of the present invention and a projection optical system that projects a projected image by the light emitted from the light source device.
- the etendue of light emitted from the optical element can be reduced without depending on the etendue of the light emitting element.
- FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram for explaining a configuration of Patent Document 1.
- FIG. It is a disassembled perspective view for demonstrating the structure of patent document 2.
- FIG. It is a perspective view which shows typically the light source device of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the behavior of the light in the light source device of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is sectional drawing for demonstrating the behavior of the light in the modification of the light source device of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. It is a perspective view which shows typically the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 1st Embodiment is provided. It is sectional drawing which shows typically the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 1st Embodiment is provided.
- (A)-(d) is sectional drawing for demonstrating the formation process of a photonic crystal in the light source device of 1st Embodiment.
- (A)-(h) is sectional drawing for demonstrating the other example of the formation process of a photonic crystal in the light source device of 1st Embodiment.
- it is a perspective view which shows the structure by which the micro lens array was provided in the surface of the directivity control layer.
- (A)-(b) is sectional drawing for demonstrating the formation process of a micro lens array in the light source device of 1st Embodiment. It is a perspective view which shows typically the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 2nd Embodiment is provided.
- FIG. 9 It is a perspective view which shows the light source device of 9th Embodiment. It is a longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the structure of the half-wave plate for axial symmetry polarization
- (A)-(b) is the schematic diagram shown in order to demonstrate the half-wave plate for axially symmetric polarization with which the light source device of 9th Embodiment is provided.
- it is a mimetic diagram showing the far field pattern and polarization direction of outgoing light in the case of composition which is not provided with an axisymmetric polarization half wave plate.
- the light source device of an embodiment it is a mimetic diagram showing the far field pattern and polarization direction of outgoing light in the case of composition provided with an axially symmetric polarization half wave plate. It is a figure for demonstrating the plasmon resonance characteristic in this invention. It is a figure for demonstrating the radiation angle characteristic in this invention.
- the light source device of 1st Embodiment it is a figure which compares and shows the plasmon resonance angle calculated
- FIG. 3 the perspective view of the typical structure of the light source device of this embodiment is shown.
- FIG. 4A shows a cross-sectional view for explaining the behavior of light in the light source device according to the present invention.
- the actual thickness of each individual layer is very thin, and the difference in the thickness of each layer is large. Therefore, it is difficult to draw each layer with an accurate scale and ratio. For this reason, in the drawings, the layers are not drawn in actual proportions, and the layers are schematically shown.
- the light source device 50 of this embodiment includes a plurality of light emitting elements 1 (1a to 1n) and an optical element 51 on which light emitted from these light emitting elements 1 enters. Yes.
- the optical element 51 includes a light guide 2 on which light emitted from the light emitting element 1 enters, and a directivity control layer 3 that emits outgoing light by the light from the light guide 2.
- the directivity control layer 3 is a layer for increasing the directivity of light emitted from the light source device 50, and is provided on the light guide 2 as in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, for example. Generated when a carrier generation layer 6 in which carriers are generated by a part of light incident from the light guide 2 is laminated on the carrier generation layer 6 and the carrier generation layer 6 is excited by light of the light emitting element 1.
- the plasmon excitation layer 8 is sandwiched between two layers having dielectric properties.
- the directivity control layer 3 is a high dielectric constant layer provided between the plasmon excitation layer 8 and the wave vector conversion layer 10 as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B.
- 9A a high dielectric constant layer 9B provided between the carrier generation layer 6 and the plasmon excitation layer 8, and a high dielectric constant layer 9A provided between the light guide 2 and the carrier generation layer 6.
- the interface between the low dielectric constant layer 7 and the light guide 2 is the incident surface.
- the optical element 1 in this embodiment has an effective dielectric constant of an incident side portion (hereinafter simply referred to as an incident side portion) including the entire structure laminated on the light guide 2 side of the plasmon excitation layer 8 so that the plasmon excitation It becomes lower than the effective dielectric constant of the emission side portion (hereinafter, simply referred to as the emission side portion) including the entire structure laminated on the wave vector conversion layer 10 side of the layer 8 and the medium in contact with the wave vector conversion layer 10.
- the entire structure stacked on the light guide 2 side of the plasmon excitation layer 8 includes the light guide 2.
- the entire structure stacked on the wave vector conversion layer 10 side of the plasmon excitation layer 8 includes the wave vector conversion layer 10.
- the effective dielectric constant of the incident side portion including the light guide 2 and the carrier generation layer 6 with respect to the plasmon excitation layer 8 is such that the wave vector conversion layer 10 and the medium with respect to the plasmon excitation layer 8 are It is lower than the effective dielectric constant of the output side portion.
- the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the incident side portion (the light emitting element 1 side) of the plasmon excitation layer 8 is the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the emission side portion (the wave vector conversion layer 10 side) of the plasmon excitation layer 8. Is set lower.
- the effective dielectric constant ⁇ eff is the light emitted from the carrier generation layer 6 with the x-axis and y-axis directions parallel to the interface of the plasmon excitation layer 8 and the z-axis the direction perpendicular to the interface of the plasmon excitation layer 8.
- the integration range D is a range of three-dimensional coordinates of the incident side portion or the emission side portion with respect to the plasmon excitation layer 8.
- the x-axis and y-axis direction ranges in the integration range D are ranges that do not include the medium up to the outer peripheral surface of the structure included in the incident side portion or the outer peripheral surface of the structure included in the output side portion. This is the range up to the outer edge in the plane parallel to the interface of the excitation layer 8.
- the range in the z-axis direction in the integration range D is the range of the incident side portion or the emission side portion (including the medium).
- the effective dielectric constant ⁇ eff may be calculated using the following equation. It is particularly desirable to use equation (1.1).
- the z-components k spp and z of the surface plasmon wave number, and the x and y components k spp of the surface plasmon wave number can be represented by ⁇ metal as the dielectric constant of the plasmon excitation layer 8 and k 0 as the wave number of light in vacuum. If
- Re [] represents taking a real part in [].
- the dielectric constant distribution ⁇ in ( ⁇ , x,) of the incident side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8 is expressed as ⁇ ( ⁇ , x, y, z).
- y, z) and the dielectric constant distribution ⁇ out ( ⁇ , x, y, z) of the emission side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8 are respectively substituted and calculated, so that the effective dielectric of the incident side portion with respect to the plasmon excitation layer 8 is calculated.
- the rate layer ⁇ effin and the effective dielectric constant ⁇ effout of the emission side portion are obtained.
- Equation (3) By calculating repeatedly Equation (3) is obtained easily effective dielectric constant epsilon eff.
- the dielectric constant of the layer in contact with the plasmon excitation layer 8 is very high, the z components k spp and z of the surface plasmon wave number at the interface are real numbers. This corresponds to the absence of surface plasmons at the interface. Therefore, the dielectric constant of the layer in contact with the plasmon excitation layer 8 corresponds to the effective dielectric constant in this case.
- the effective interaction distance of the surface plasmon is a distance where the intensity of the surface plasmon is e ⁇ 2
- the effective interaction distance d eff of the surface plasmon is
- the low dielectric constant layer 7 is a layer having a lower dielectric constant than the high dielectric constant layer 9A and the high dielectric constant layer 9B.
- the complex dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant layer 7 is ⁇ l ( ⁇ 0 ), its real part is ⁇ lr ( ⁇ 0 ), and its imaginary part is ⁇ li ( ⁇ 0 ).
- the complex dielectric constants of the high dielectric constant layer 9A and the high dielectric constant layer 9B are ⁇ hA ( ⁇ 0 ) and ⁇ hB ( ⁇ 0 ), respectively, and the real parts are ⁇ hrA ( ⁇ 0 ) and ⁇ hrB ( ⁇ 0 ), respectively.
- Imaginary part is ⁇ hiA ( ⁇ 0 ), ⁇ hiB ( ⁇ 0 ), 1 ⁇ ⁇ lrA ( ⁇ 0 ) ⁇ hrA ( ⁇ 0 ), 1 ⁇ ⁇ lrB ( ⁇ 0 ) ⁇ hrB ( ⁇ 0 ) Meet the relationship.
- ⁇ 0 is the wavelength of the incident light on the dielectric layer in vacuum.
- the optical element 51 operates. That is, for the dielectric constants of the low dielectric constant layer 7, the high dielectric constant layer 9A, and the high dielectric constant layer 9B, the real part of the effective dielectric constant on the emission side of the plasmon excitation layer 8 is the real part of the effective dielectric constant on the incident side. A range that is kept higher is acceptable.
- the imaginary part ⁇ li ( ⁇ 0 ) and the imaginary part ⁇ hi ( ⁇ 0 ) at the emission frequency are preferably as low as possible, which facilitates plasmon coupling and reduces optical loss.
- the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant at the emission wavelength of the carrier generation layer 6 is as much as possible in any layer including the light guide 2 except the carrier generation layer 6 and in the medium in contact with the wave vector conversion layer 10. The lower one is preferable. By making the imaginary part of the complex dielectric constant as low as possible, plasmon coupling can be easily generated and light loss can be reduced.
- the medium around the light source device 50 that is, the medium in contact with the light guide 2 and the wave vector conversion layer 10 may be solid, liquid, or gas.
- the light guide 2 side and the wave vector conversion layer 10 side May be different media.
- the plurality of light emitting elements 1a to 1n are arranged on the four side surfaces of the flat light guide 2 with predetermined intervals, respectively.
- a portion where the light emitting elements 1a to 1n are connected to the side surface is referred to as a light incident portion 4a.
- the light emitting element 1 for example, a light emitting diode (LED) that emits light having a wavelength that can be absorbed by the carrier generation layer 6, a laser diode, a super luminescent diode, or the like is used.
- the light emitting element 1 may be arranged separately from the light incident portion 4 of the light guide 2 and may be optically connected to the light guide 2 by a light guide member such as a light pipe.
- the light guide 2 is formed in a flat plate shape, but the shape of the light guide 2 is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped.
- a structure for controlling light distribution characteristics such as a microprism may be provided inside the light guide 2.
- the light guide 2 may be provided with a reflective film on the entire outer peripheral surface excluding the light emitting portion 5 and the light incident portion 4 or on a part of the outer peripheral surface.
- the light source device 50 may be provided with a reflective film (not shown) on the whole or a part of the outer peripheral surface excluding the light emitting part 5 and the light incident part 4.
- the reflective film for example, a metal material such as silver or aluminum, or a dielectric multilayer film is used.
- the light guide 2 is not an essential component, and the light emitting surface of the light emitting element may be disposed close to the carrier generation layer 6 instead of the light guide 2.
- FIG. 4B is a cross-sectional view showing a light source device 50 ′ in which a directivity control layer 3 ′ is provided on an LED 200 that is a light emitting element, as a modification of the embodiment.
- the directivity control layer 3 ′ is disposed on the light emitting surface of the LED 200.
- the directivity control layer 3 ′ and the light emitting surface (not shown) of the LED 200 may be arranged with a predetermined interval using a support (not shown).
- the directivity control layer 3 ′ may be disposed so as to be in contact with the light emitting surface (not shown) of the LED 200.
- the configuration of the directivity control layer 3 ' is the same as that of the directivity control layer 3 shown in FIG. 4A.
- the interface between the low dielectric constant layer 7 constituting the directivity control layer 3 ′ and the LED 200 is the incident surface.
- the light emitted from the light emitting portion 5 ' is the same as the light emitted from the light emitting portion 5 shown in FIG. 4A.
- the carrier generation layer 6 examples include organic phosphors such as rhodamine (Rhodamine 6G) and sulforhodamine (sulfodamine 101), phosphors such as quantum dot phosphors such as CdSe and CdSe / ZnS quantum dots, and GaN and GaAs. Inorganic materials (semiconductors) such as (thiophene / phenylene) co-oligomer, and organic materials (semiconductor materials) such as Alq3 are used. When using a phosphor, the carrier generation layer 6 may include a mixture of materials that emit a plurality of wavelengths having the same or different emission wavelengths. The thickness of the carrier generation layer 6 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less.
- low dielectric constant layer 7 examples include SiO 2 nanorod array films, thin films such as SiO 2 , AlF 3 , MgF 2 , Na 3 AlF 6 , NaF, LiF, CaF 2 , BaF 2 , and low dielectric constant plastic. It is preferable to use a material film or an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.
- the high dielectric constant layers 9A and 9B for example, diamond, TiO 2 , CeO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , ZrO 2 , Sb 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , La 2 O 3 , NdO 3 , Y 2 O 3 , ZnO It is preferable to use a high dielectric constant material such as Nb 2 O 5 .
- the plasmon excitation layer 8 is a fine particle layer or a thin film layer formed of a material having a plasma frequency higher than the frequency (light emission frequency) of light generated when the carrier generation layer 6 alone is excited by light of the light emitting element 1. .
- the plasmon excitation layer 8 has a negative dielectric constant at the emission frequency generated when the carrier generation layer 6 alone is excited by the light of the light emitting element 1.
- Examples of the material for the plasmon excitation layer 8 include gold, silver, copper, platinum, palladium, rhodium, osmium, ruthenium, iridium, iron, tin, zinc, cobalt, nickel, chromium, titanium, tantalum, tungsten, indium, and aluminum. Or alloys thereof.
- gold, silver, copper, platinum, aluminum and alloys containing these as main components are preferable, and gold, silver, aluminum and alloys containing these as main components are particularly preferable.
- the thickness of the plasmon excitation layer 8 is preferably formed to be 200 nm or less, and particularly preferably about 10 nm to 100 nm.
- the distance from the interface between the high dielectric constant layer 9A and the plasmon excitation layer 8 to the interface between the low dielectric constant layer 7 and the carrier generation layer 6 is preferably 500 nm or less. This distance corresponds to the distance at which plasmon coupling occurs between the carrier generation layer 6 and the plasmon excitation layer 8.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 is an output layer for extracting light from the high dielectric constant layer 9 ⁇ / b> A and emitting light from the optical element 51 by converting the wave vector of incident light incident on the wave vector conversion layer 10. is there.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 converts the light emission angle from the high dielectric constant layer 9 ⁇ / b> A into a predetermined angle and emits it from the optical element 51. That is, the wave vector conversion layer 10 has a function of emitting outgoing light from the optical element 51 so as to be substantially orthogonal to the interface with the high dielectric constant layer 9A.
- Examples of the wave vector conversion layer 10 include a surface relief grating, a periodic structure represented by a photonic crystal, a quasi-periodic structure (a texture structure larger than the wavelength of light from the high dielectric constant layer 9A), a quasi-crystalline structure, Examples include a surface structure on which a surface is formed, a hologram, and a microlens array.
- the quasi-periodic structure refers to, for example, an incomplete periodic structure in which a part of the periodic structure is missing.
- the crystal structure When using a photonic crystal, it is desirable that the crystal structure has a triangular lattice structure.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 may have a structure in which a convex portion is provided on a flat base.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 may be made of a material different from that of the high dielectric constant layer 9A.
- the dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant layer 7 disposed immediately below the carrier generation layer 6 may be set lower than the dielectric constant of the light guide 2.
- the incident light from the light emitting element 1 is set to a predetermined angle with respect to the light incident portion 4 of the light guide 2 so that total reflection occurs at the interface between the light guide 2 and the low dielectric constant layer 7.
- the incident light incident on the light guide 2 from the light emitting element 1 causes total reflection at the interface between the light guide 2 and the low dielectric constant layer 7, and an evanescent wave is generated along with this total reflection.
- Carriers are generated in the carrier generation layer 6 by the evanescent wave acting on the carrier generation layer 6.
- the light corresponding to the emission wavelength of the light-emitting element 1 among the light emitted from the light source device 50 is reduced, and the light emitted from the carrier generation layer 6 is emitted. It becomes possible to increase the light corresponding to the wavelength. Therefore, the utilization efficiency of light from the light emitting element 1 can be increased.
- the dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant layer 7 disposed immediately below the carrier generation layer 6 may be higher than the dielectric constant of the light guide 2, and incident light from the light emitting element 1 It may be set so as to enter at an angle that does not cause total reflection at the interface with the layer 7.
- the high dielectric constant layer 9B is formed between the carrier generation layer 6 and the plasmon excitation layer 8. This is intended to improve the efficiency of plasmon coupling between the carrier generation layer 6 and the plasmon excitation layer 8.
- the light emitting element 1 f is transmitted through the light incident portion 4 a of the light guide 2 and propagates while totally reflecting inside the light guide 2. To do. At this time, a part of the light incident on the interface between the light guide 2 and the directivity control layer 3 has a light emitting part 5 with a direction and a wavelength according to characteristics to be described later in the plasmon excitation layer 8 of the directivity control layer 3. It is emitted from. The light that has not been emitted from the light emitting unit 5 is returned to the light guide 2, and part of the light that has entered the interface between the light guide 2 and the directivity control layer 3 is transmitted through the directivity control layer 3 again.
- the light is emitted from the light emitting portion 5.
- most of the light incident on the light guide 2 is emitted from the light emitting portion 5.
- the light emitted from the light emitting element 1m arranged at the position facing the light emitting element 1f with the light guide 2 interposed therebetween among the plurality of light emitting elements 1 and transmitted through the light incident portion 4b is similarly described.
- the light is emitted from the light emitting unit 5.
- the direction and wavelength of the light emitted from the light emitting unit 5 depend only on the characteristics of the directivity control layer 3, and the incident angle to the position of the light emitting element 1 and the interface between the light guide 2 and the directivity control layer 3. Is independent.
- the wave vector conversion layer is a photonic crystal
- the surface of the light guide 2 excluding the light incident part 4 is a reflective surface or a scattering surface, the light incident on the light guide 2 need not be totally reflected.
- 5A and 5B are enlarged views for explaining the configuration and function of the directivity control layer 3.
- the total reflection condition is broken at the interface between the light guide 2 and the low dielectric constant layer 7, and the light from the light emitting element 1 passes through the low dielectric constant layer 7. Then, it enters the carrier generation layer 6.
- the light incident on the carrier generation layer 6 generates carriers in the carrier generation layer 6.
- the generated carriers cause plasmon coupling with free electrons in the plasmon excitation layer 8. Radiation into the high dielectric constant layer 9A occurs through this plasmon coupling, and the light is diffracted by the wave vector conversion layer 10 and emitted to the outside of the light source device 50.
- the light emitted from one point of the high dielectric constant layer 9A has an annular intensity distribution that spreads concentrically as it propagates.
- the emission angle having the highest intensity is the central emission angle
- the angle width from the central emission angle to the emission angle at which the intensity is halved is the emission angle width
- the central emission angle and the emission angle width of the light emitted from the high dielectric constant layer 9A Is determined by the effective dielectric constant of the emission side portion and the incident side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8, the complex dielectric constant of the plasmon excitation layer 8, and the emission spectrum width of the carrier generation layer 6.
- FIG. 5C shows that the distance between the light emitting point in the fluorescent layer used as the carrier generation layer 6 and the metal layer used as the plasmon excitation layer 8 is d, and the dielectric constant of the layer provided therebetween is 1 to 10. It is a figure which shows the plasmon coupling
- the carrier generation layer 6 has the same dielectric constant between the fluorescent layer and the metal layer. As shown in the figure, it can be seen that the higher the dielectric constant between the fluorescent layer and the metal layer, the higher the efficiency of plasmon coupling.
- the efficiency of plasmon coupling between the carrier generation layer 6 and the plasmon excitation layer 8 is formed by forming the high dielectric constant layer 9B between the carrier generation layer 6 and the plasmon excitation layer 8.
- plasmon coupling is likely to occur.
- FIG. 5D is a diagram illustrating a configuration of an example in which a gas is used as the low dielectric constant layer.
- the low dielectric constant layer 7 ′ shown in FIG. 5D is formed by a gap 7b sealed by a support column 7a and filled with an inert gas, and a light extraction structure 7c in which a plurality of spikes are periodically arranged. Is formed.
- FIG. 5E is a diagram showing a result of simulating the reflectance with respect to the incident angle to the carrier generation layer 6 shown in FIG. 5D when the dielectric constant of the high dielectric constant layer 9A is increased in order to further increase the efficiency. It is.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 is TiO 2
- the high dielectric constant layer 9A is infinitely thick TiO 2
- the plasmon excitation layer 8 is 50 nm thick Ag
- the high dielectric constant layer 9A is 10 nm thick TiO 2.
- the carrier generation layer 6 was a quantum dot having a thickness of 25 nm
- the emission wavelength of the phosphor was 530 nm.
- the light guide 2 is PMMA having an infinite thickness.
- FIG. 5F is a diagram illustrating a simulation result of the reflectance with respect to the incident angle to the carrier generation layer 6 when there is no gap as a comparative example.
- the solid line indicates the reflectance of the TE wave reflected light
- the dotted line indicates the reflectance of the transmitted light of the TE wave
- the two-dot chain line indicates the TM.
- the reflectance of the transmitted light of the wave is shown.
- the plasmon resonance condition is satisfied at an incident angle of about 57 °, and a sharp decrease in reflectance occurs.
- FIG. 6 shows a manufacturing process of the optical element 51 provided in the light source device 50.
- a low dielectric constant layer 7 is formed on the light guide 2, and subsequently, carriers are generated on the low dielectric constant layer 7 as shown in FIG. 6 (b).
- Layer 6 is applied by spin coating.
- FIGS. 6C to 6E for example, by physical vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, sputtering, or the like, the high dielectric constant layer 9B and the plasmon excitation layer 8 are formed on the carrier generation layer 6.
- the high dielectric constant layers 9A are stacked in this order.
- FIG. 7 shows a manufacturing process for forming the wave vector conversion layer 10 with a photonic crystal.
- a wave vector conversion layer 10 is formed on the high dielectric constant layer 9A, and a resist film 11 is applied on the wave vector conversion layer 10 by a spin coating method.
- the negative pattern of the photonic crystal is transferred to the resist film 11 by nanoimprint as shown in FIG.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 is etched to a desired depth by dry etching as shown in FIG. 7C, and then the resist film 11 is peeled off as shown in FIG. 7D.
- the light source device 50 is completed by arranging the plurality of light emitting elements 1 on the outer periphery of the light guide 2.
- FIG. 8 shows another manufacturing process in which the wave vector conversion layer 10 is formed by a photonic crystal on the surface of the high dielectric constant layer 9 of the light source device 50. This is also merely an example and is not limited to this manufacturing method.
- a resist film 11 is applied on a substrate 12 by a spin coating method, and as shown in FIG. 8B, a negative pattern of a photonic crystal is formed on the resist film 11 by nanoimprinting. Transcript.
- the high dielectric constant layer 9A, the plasmon excitation layer 8, and the high dielectric constant layer 9B are sequentially laminated by physical vapor deposition, electron beam vapor deposition, or sputtering.
- the carrier generation layer 6 is applied on the high dielectric constant layer 9B by a spin coating method, and as shown in FIG.
- the surface of the high dielectric constant layer 9A opposite to the light guide 2 is configured such that a microlens array is arranged instead of using a photonic crystal as the wave vector conversion layer 10, or a rough surface is formed. It may be.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of a directivity control layer in which a microlens array is provided on the surface of the high dielectric constant layer 9. As shown in FIG. 9, even if the directivity control layer 14 includes the microlens array 13, the same effects as those obtained when a photonic crystal is used as the wave vector conversion layer 10 can be obtained.
- FIGS. 10A and 10B are cross-sectional views for explaining the manufacturing process of the configuration in which the microlens array 13 is laminated on the high dielectric constant layer 9A. Also in the configuration including the microlens array 13, the layers from the carrier generation layer 6 to the high dielectric constant layer 9A are formed on the light guide 2 in the same manner as the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (e). Since they are stacked, description of these manufacturing steps is omitted.
- a high dielectric constant is applied to the light guide 2 from the carrier generation layer 6 using the manufacturing method shown in FIGS. 6 (a) to 6 (e).
- the microlens array 13 is formed on the surface of the high dielectric constant layer 9A.
- the UV curable resin 15 is applied to the surface of the high dielectric constant layer 9A by a spin coating method or the like, a desired lens array pattern is formed on the UV curable resin 15 using nanoimprint, and the UV curable resin 15 is irradiated with light. Then, the microlens array 13 is formed by curing.
- the light source device 50 of the present embodiment has a relatively simple configuration in which the light guide 2 is provided with the directivity control layer 3, so that the light source device 50 as a whole can be downsized.
- the incident angle of light incident on the wave vector conversion layer 10 is such that the plasmon excitation layer 8, the low dielectric constant layer 7 and the high dielectric constant layer 9 A sandwiching the plasmon excitation layer 8. It is determined only by the dielectric constant. For this reason, the directivity of the emitted light from the optical element 51 is not limited to the directivity of the light emitting element 1.
- the light source device 50 of the present embodiment can increase the directivity of the emitted light by applying plasmon coupling in the emission process to narrow the emission angle of the emitted light from the optical element 51. That is, according to the present embodiment, the etendue of the emitted light from the optical element 51 can be reduced without depending on the etendue of the light emitting element 1.
- the etendue of the emitted light from the light source device 50 is not limited by the etendue of the light emitting element 1, the incident light from the plurality of light emitting elements 1 is synthesized while keeping the etendue of the emitted light from the light source device 50 small. be able to.
- the configuration disclosed in Patent Document 1 described above has a problem in that the entire light source unit is enlarged by providing the axis alignment members 82a to 82d and the light source sets 81a and 81b.
- the entire optical element 51 can be reduced in size.
- the light source device of other embodiment differs only in the structure of the directivity control layer 3 compared with the light source device 50 of 1st Embodiment, only a directivity control layer is demonstrated.
- the same reference numerals as those of the first embodiment are assigned to the same layers as those of the directivity control layer 3 in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 is configured by a photonic crystal.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 may be replaced by the microlens array 13 described above, and the same effect can be obtained.
- the low dielectric constant layer will be described using the low dielectric constant layer 7 shown in FIG. 5B, but the low dielectric constant layer 7 ′ shown in FIG. For this reason, the low dielectric constant layer 7 ′ may naturally be used in each of the following embodiments, and the present invention includes a form using the low dielectric constant layer 7 ′ in each of the following embodiments.
- FIG. 11 the perspective view of the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 2nd Embodiment is provided is shown.
- the carrier generation layer 16 the high dielectric constant layer 17B, the plasmon excitation layer 8, and the photo formed on the light guide (not shown).
- the wave vector conversion layers 17A made of nick crystals are stacked in this order.
- the wave vector conversion layer 17A also serves as the high dielectric constant layer 9A in the first embodiment, and the carrier generation layer 16 is the low dielectric constant layer in the first embodiment. 7, and the interface between the carrier generation layer 16 and the light guide becomes the incident surface. Therefore, in order to generate plasmon coupling in the plasmon excitation layer 8, the dielectric constant of the wave vector conversion layer 17 A, which is a layer disposed adjacent to the emission side interface of the plasmon excitation layer 8, is the incident side of the plasmon excitation layer 8. It is set to be higher than the dielectric constant of the carrier generation layer 16, which is a layer disposed at the interface via the high dielectric constant layer 17B.
- the directivity control layer 18 operates if it is higher than the real part of the effective dielectric constant on the carrier generation layer 16 side. That is, in the dielectric constant of the wave vector conversion layer 17A, the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the emission side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8 is kept higher than the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the incident side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8. Range is acceptable.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and further miniaturization can be achieved as compared with the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 the perspective view of the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 3rd Embodiment is provided is shown.
- a low dielectric constant layer 7 a carrier generation layer 6, a high dielectric constant layer 17B, a plasmon excitation are formed on a light guide (not shown).
- the layer 8 and the wave vector conversion layer 17A made of a photonic crystal are stacked in this order.
- the interface between the low dielectric constant layer 7 and the light guide is the incident surface.
- the wave vector conversion layer 17A also serves as the high dielectric constant layer 9 in the first embodiment. Therefore, in order to cause plasmon coupling in the plasmon excitation layer 8, the dielectric constant of the wave vector conversion layer 17 ⁇ / b> A is set higher than the dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant layer 7. However, even when the dielectric constant of the wave vector conversion layer 17A is lower than the dielectric constant of the low dielectric constant layer 7, the real part of the effective dielectric constant on the wave vector conversion layer 17A side of the plasmon excitation layer 8 is the plasmon excitation layer. If the real part of the effective dielectric constant on the low dielectric constant layer 7 side of 8 is higher than the real part, the directivity control layer 19 operates.
- the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the emission side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8 is kept higher than the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the incident side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8. Range is acceptable.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and further downsizing can be achieved as compared with the first embodiment.
- FIG. 13 the perspective view of the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 4th Embodiment is provided is shown.
- a carrier generation layer 16 As shown in FIG. 13, in the directivity control layer 20 in the fourth embodiment, a carrier generation layer 16, a high dielectric constant layer 9B, a plasmon excitation layer 8, a high dielectric constant are formed on a light guide (not shown).
- the layer 9A and the wave vector conversion layer 10 made of a photonic crystal are stacked in this order.
- the carrier generation layer 16 also serves as the low dielectric constant layer 7 in the first embodiment, and the interface between the carrier generation layer 16 and the light guide becomes the incident surface. . Therefore, in order to cause plasmon coupling in the plasmon excitation layer 8, the dielectric constant of the carrier generation layer 16 is set lower than that of the high dielectric constant layer 9A. However, even when the dielectric constant of the carrier generation layer 16 is higher than that of the high dielectric constant layer 9A, the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the plasmon excitation layer 8 on the carrier generation layer 16 side is the same as that of the plasmon excitation layer 8.
- the directivity control layer 20 operates if it is lower than the real part of the effective dielectric constant on the high dielectric constant layer 9A side. That is, the dielectric constant of the carrier generation layer 16 is a range in which the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the emission side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8 is kept higher than the real part of the effective dielectric constant of the incident side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8. Is acceptable.
- the same effects as those of the first embodiment can be obtained, and further miniaturization can be achieved as compared with the first embodiment.
- FIG. 14 the perspective view of the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 5th Embodiment is provided is shown.
- a plasmon excitation layer 36 as another plasmon excitation layer is further arranged. Yes.
- a plasmon excitation layer 36 is disposed between the low dielectric constant layer 7 and a light guide (not shown).
- the interface between the plasmon excitation layer 36 and the light guide is the incident surface.
- plasmons are excited in the plasmon excitation layer 36 by light incident from the light guide, and carriers are generated in the carrier generation layer 6 by the excited plasmons.
- the dielectric constant of the carrier generation layer 6 is set lower than that of the light guide.
- the low dielectric constant layer 7 is provided between the plasmon excitation layer 36 and the carrier generation layer 6 in order to widen the material selection range of the carrier generation layer 6, and the real part of the complex dielectric constant is greater than that of the light guide. Is also low.
- the effective dielectric constant of the plasmon excitation layer 36 on the light guide side needs to be higher than the effective dielectric constant of the plasmon excitation layer 36 on the carrier generation layer 6 side.
- the plasmon excitation layer 8 has a plasma frequency higher than the frequency of light generated when the carrier generation layer 6 is excited alone with the light of the light emitting element 1.
- the plasmon excitation layer 36 has a plasma frequency higher than the light emission frequency of a light emitting element (not shown).
- the plasmon excitation layer 8 is one of the different frequencies of light generated when the carrier generation layer 6 is excited alone with the light of the light emitting element 1. Has a higher plasma frequency.
- the plasmon excitation layer 36 has a plasma frequency higher than any of the different emission frequencies of the light emitting elements.
- carriers can be efficiently generated in the carrier generation layer 6 due to the fluorescence enhancement effect by plasmons, and the number of carriers can be increased. Utilization efficiency can be further increased.
- FIG. 15 the perspective view of the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 6th Embodiment is provided is shown.
- the directivity control layer 40 in the sixth embodiment has the same configuration as the directivity control layer 3 in the first embodiment, and the low dielectric constant layer 7 in the first embodiment and
- the high dielectric constant layers 9 ⁇ / b> A and 9 ⁇ / b> B are different from each other in that they are constituted by a plurality of laminated dielectric layers.
- the directivity control layer 40 includes a low dielectric constant layer group 38 in which a plurality of dielectric layers 38a to 38c are stacked and a high dielectric layer in which a plurality of dielectric layers 39a to 39c are stacked.
- a dielectric constant layer group 39A and a high dielectric constant layer group 39B formed by laminating a plurality of dielectric layers 40a to 40c are provided.
- the interface between the low dielectric constant layer 38c and the light guide (not shown) is the incident surface.
- a plurality of dielectric layers 38a to 38c are arranged so that the dielectric constant monotonously decreases toward the carrier generation layer 6.
- a plurality of dielectric layers 40a to 40c are laminated so that the dielectric constant monotonously decreases toward the plasmon excitation layer 8
- a photonic crystal is used in the high dielectric constant layer group 39B.
- a plurality of dielectric layers 39a to 39c are laminated so that the dielectric constant monotonously decreases toward the wave vector conversion layer 10 side.
- the total thickness of the low dielectric constant layer group 38 is equal to the thickness of the low dielectric constant layer in the embodiment in which the directivity control layer 40 includes the low dielectric constant layer independently.
- the total thickness of the high dielectric constant layer groups 39A and 39B is the same as that of the high dielectric constant layer in the embodiment in which the directivity control layer includes the high dielectric constant layer independently.
- the low dielectric constant layer group 38 and the high dielectric constant layer groups 39A and 39B are each shown in a three-layer structure, but can be formed in a layer structure of about 2 to 5 layers, for example.
- the number of dielectric layers constituting the low dielectric constant layer group and the high dielectric constant layer group may be different, or only one of the low dielectric constant layer and the high dielectric constant layer may include a plurality of dielectric constant layers. It is good also as composition which consists of.
- the high dielectric constant layer and the low dielectric constant layer are composed of a plurality of dielectric layers, so that the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer adjacent to the interface of the plasmon excitation layer 8 can be set well and carrier generation can be performed. It is possible to match the refractive indexes of the layer 6, the wave vector conversion layer 10, or a medium such as external air and the dielectric layers adjacent thereto. That is, the high dielectric layer group 39A reduces the refractive index difference at the interface with the wave vector conversion layer 10 or a medium such as air, and the high dielectric layer group 39B has a refractive index at the interface with the plasmon excitation layer 8. By reducing the difference, the low dielectric layer group 38 can reduce the refractive index difference at the interface with the carrier generation layer 6.
- the dielectric constant of each dielectric layer adjacent to the plasmon excitation layer 8 is set satisfactorily, and the carrier generation layer 6 and the wave vector are set.
- the refractive index difference at the interface with the conversion layer 10 can be set small. For this reason, the optical loss can be further reduced, and the utilization efficiency of light from the light emitting element can be further increased.
- the low dielectric constant layer group 38 and the high dielectric constant layer groups 39A and 39B a single layer film whose dielectric constant changes monotonically inside may be used.
- one of the high dielectric constant layers has a distribution in which the dielectric constant gradually decreases from the plasmon excitation layer 8 side toward the wave vector conversion layer 10 side, and the other has a dielectric constant distribution toward the plasmon excitation layer 8.
- the low dielectric constant layer has a distribution in which the dielectric constant gradually decreases toward the carrier generation layer 6.
- FIG. 16 the perspective view of the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 7th Embodiment is provided is shown.
- the directivity control layer 42 in the seventh embodiment has the same configuration as that of the directivity control layer 3 in the first embodiment, and includes a carrier generation layer 6 and a high dielectric constant layer 9B. The difference is that another low dielectric constant layer 41 is provided.
- the interface between the low dielectric constant layer 7 and the light guide (not shown) is the incident surface.
- FIG. 17 the perspective view of the directivity control layer with which the light source device of 8th Embodiment is provided is shown.
- the directivity control layer 45 in the eighth embodiment has the same configuration as the directivity control layer 3 in the first embodiment, and a plurality of plasmon excitation layer groups 44 are stacked. The difference is that the metal layers 44a and 44b are configured.
- the interface between the low dielectric constant layer 7 and the light guide (not shown) is the incident surface.
- the metal layers 44a and 44b are formed of different metal materials and laminated. Thereby, the plasmon excitation layer group 44 can adjust the plasma frequency.
- the metal layers 44a and 44b are formed of Ag and Al, respectively. Further, when adjusting the plasma frequency in the plasmon excitation layer 44 to be low, for example, different metal layers 44a and 44b are formed of Ag and Au, respectively.
- the plasmon excitation layer 44 has a two-layer structure as an example, but it is needless to say that the plasmon excitation layer 44 may be composed of three or more metal layers as required.
- the directivity control layer 45 of the eighth embodiment configured as described above, since the plasmon excitation layer 44 is configured by the plurality of metal layers 44a and 44b, effective plasma in the plasmon excitation layer 44 is obtained.
- the frequency can be adjusted to be close to the frequency of light incident on the plasmon excitation layer 44 from the carrier generation layer 6. For this reason, the utilization efficiency of the light which injects into the optical element 51 from the light emitting element 1 can further be improved.
- FIG. 18 is a perspective view of the light source device of the ninth embodiment.
- a symmetric polarizing half-wave plate 26 is provided.
- aligning axially symmetric polarized light in a predetermined polarization state by the polarization conversion element is not limited to linearly polarized light, but includes circularly polarized light.
- any of the directivity control layers in the first to eighth embodiments described above may be applied as the directivity control layer.
- FIG. 19 shows a longitudinal sectional view of the structure of the half-wave plate 26 for axially symmetric polarization.
- the configuration of the axially symmetric polarizing half-wave plate is merely an example, and is not limited to this configuration.
- the axially symmetric polarizing half-wave plate 26 includes a pair of glass substrates 27 and 32 on which alignment films 28 and 31 are formed, and alignment films 28 and 31 of the glass substrates 27 and 32, respectively. And a liquid crystal layer 30 disposed between the glass substrates 27 and 32, and a spacer 29 disposed between the glass substrates 27 and 32.
- the liquid crystal layer 30 has a refractive index ne larger than the refractive index no, where no is the refractive index for ordinary light and ne is the refractive index for extraordinary light.
- FIG. 20A and 20B are schematic views for explaining the axially symmetric polarizing half-wave plate 26.
- FIG. FIG. 20A shows a cross-sectional view of the state in which the liquid crystal layer 30 of the half-wave plate 26 for axially symmetric polarization is cut parallel to the main surface of the glass substrate 32.
- FIG. 20B is a schematic diagram for explaining the alignment direction of the liquid crystal molecules 33.
- the liquid crystal molecules 33 are arranged concentrically with respect to the center of the half-wave plate 26 for axially symmetric polarization.
- the liquid crystal molecule 33 has a liquid crystal molecule, where ⁇ is an angle between the principal axis of the liquid crystal molecule 33 and a coordinate axis near the principal axis, and ⁇ is an angle between the coordinate axis and the polarization direction.
- FIG. 20A and FIG. 20B show the same plane.
- FIG. 21 shows a far-field pattern 35 of emitted light in a case where the light source device does not include an axisymmetric polarizing half-wave plate.
- the far field pattern 35 of the light emitted from the light source device is as shown in FIG. Axisymmetrically polarized light whose polarization direction is radial.
- FIG. 22 shows a far field pattern 38 of the emitted light that has passed through the half-wave plate 26 for axially symmetric polarization.
- the half-wave plate 26 for axially symmetric polarization by using the above-described half-wave plate 26 for axially symmetric polarization, outgoing light with the polarization direction 37 aligned can be obtained as shown in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a diagram for explaining the plasmon resonance characteristics in the embodiment.
- the relationship of the reflectance with respect to the incident angle is shown for the case where each is incident on the plasmon excitation layer 8.
- the high dielectric constant layer 9A and the low dielectric constant layer 7 were formed sufficiently thicker than the wavelength of light.
- FIG. 23 shows the incident angle and the reflectance when the thickness of the high dielectric constant layer 9B is 0 nm, 10 nm, 20 nm, 40 nm, 60 nm, 100 nm, and 1000 nm, respectively.
- FIG. 24 the figure for demonstrating the radiation angle characteristic in the said embodiment is shown.
- the angular distribution of the emitted light from the light emission part 5 in the case where light of 653 nm, 539 nm, and 459 nm is incident on the directivity control layer is shown.
- the calculation was performed in two dimensions.
- the radiation angles are 0.67 degrees, 1.3 degrees, and 3.degree. 0 degree.
- the lattice pitch of the photonic crystal forming the wave vector conversion layer 10 was set to 583 nm, 471 nm, and 386 nm for light of wavelengths 653 nm, 539 nm, and 459 nm, respectively.
- the directivity of the emission angle of the emitted light from the light source device is enhanced, and the lattice structure of the wave vector conversion layer 10
- the radiation angle can be narrowed to ⁇ 5 degrees or less to further enhance directivity.
- FIG. 25 shows a comparison between the plasmon resonance angle obtained from the effective dielectric constant calculated using the equation (1) and the plasmon resonance angle obtained by multilayer reflection calculation in the light source device 50 of the first embodiment.
- the horizontal axis indicates the thickness of the high dielectric constant layer 9B
- the vertical axis indicates the plasmon resonance angle.
- the calculated value based on the effective dielectric constant matches the calculated value based on the multilayer film reflection, and it is clear that the plasmon resonance condition can be defined by the effective dielectric constant defined by the equation (1). is there.
- SiO 2 as a light guide 2
- a phosphor PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- the air as the low dielectric constant layer 7
- Ag as the plasmon excitation layer 8
- TiO 2 as the high dielectric constant layer 9A
- Porous SiO 2 was used as the high dielectric constant layer 9B, and the thicknesses thereof were 0.5 mm, 70 nm, 0.1 mm, 50 nm, 0.5 mm, and 10 nm.
- the calculation was performed assuming that the emission wavelength of the carrier generation layer 6 was 460 nm.
- the material of the wave vector conversion layer 18 is TiO 2 , and the depth, pitch, and duty ratio of the periodic structure are set to 200 nm, 280 nm, and 0.5, respectively.
- the emitted light under this condition is not circular but has a Gaussian distribution of light distribution, but the peak is split by shifting the pitch from 280 nm, and an annular orientation distribution is obtained.
- FIG. 26 shows an angle distribution in the emitted light of the light source device 50 of the first embodiment calculated taking the thickness of each layer into consideration.
- the horizontal axis represents the emission angle of the emitted light
- the vertical axis represents the intensity of the emitted light.
- the calculation was performed in two dimensions.
- the radiation angle is ⁇ 1.7 (deg) for each light having a wavelength of 460 nm.
- the emission angle is ⁇ 5. It becomes possible to further improve the directivity by narrowing it below the degree.
- the effective dielectric constants of the emission side portion and the incident side portion of the plasmon excitation layer 8 are 9.8 and 2.0, respectively, from the equation (1). Furthermore, the imaginary part of the wave number in the z direction on the exit side and the entrance side of the surface plasmon is 0 and 1.28 ⁇ 10 7 from Equation (2), respectively. If the effective interaction distance of the surface plasmon is a distance at which the intensity of the surface plasmon is e ⁇ 2 , the effective interaction distance of the surface plasmon is determined by the emission side portion and the incident side from 1 / Im (k spp , z ). The portions are infinite and 78 nm, respectively.
- FIG. 27 is a diagram showing the effect of increasing the brightness by providing the high dielectric constant layer 9B.
- the horizontal axis indicates the wavelength of light, and the vertical axis indicates the light intensity.
- the spectra are compared for each angle at which the emission intensity reaches a peak.
- Air as the light guide 2
- Air as the low dielectric constant layer 7
- ZrO 2 dielectric constant: 4
- SiO 2 as the high dielectric constant layer 9 B.
- Dielectric constant 2.2 Dielectric constant 2.2
- Ag was used as the plasmon excitation layer 8
- TiO 2 was used as the high dielectric constant layer 9A, and the thicknesses were infinite, infinite, 40 nm, 10 nm, 50 nm, and 0.5 mm, respectively.
- the wave vector conversion layer 10 is a hemispherical lens having a direct line of 10 mm and a refractive index of 2.0, and a laser diode having a wavelength of 440 nm is used as excitation light.
- the light source device of this embodiment is suitable for use as a light source device of an image display device, and is used as a light source device provided in a projection display device, a direct light source device of a liquid crystal panel (LCD), a so-called backlight. You may use for electronic devices, such as a portable telephone and PDA (Personal Data Assistant).
- a portable telephone and PDA Personal Data Assistant
- FIG. 28 the schematic diagram of the projection type display apparatus of embodiment is shown.
- the LED projector includes the optical element 51 according to the above-described embodiment, a liquid crystal panel 52 on which light emitted from the optical element 51 is incident, and the light emitted from the liquid crystal panel 52 on a screen.
- a projection optical system 53 including a projection lens that projects onto a projection surface 55 such as a projection surface.
- the light source device 50 included in the LED projector includes a red (R) light LED 57R, a green (G) light LED 57G, and a blue (B) light LED 57B on one side surface of the light guide 2 provided with the directivity control layer. Are arranged respectively.
- the carrier generation layer included in the directivity control layer of the light source device 50 includes phosphors for red (R) light, green (G) light, and blue (B) light.
- FIG. 29 shows the relationship between the wavelength of the light-emitting element 1 used in the LED projector of the embodiment, the excitation wavelength of the phosphor, and the intensity of the emission wavelength.
- the emission wavelengths Rs, Gs, and Bs of the R light LED 57R, the G light LED 57G, and the B light LED 57B and the phosphor excitation wavelengths Ra, Ga, and Ba are set to be approximately equal to each other.
- the emission wavelengths Rs, Gs, Bs and excitation wavelengths Ra, Ga, Ba and the emission wavelengths Rr, Gr, Br of the phosphor are set so as not to overlap each other.
- the emission spectrum of each of the R light LED 57R, the G light LED 57G, and the B light LED 57B is set to coincide with the excitation spectrum of each phosphor or to be within the excitation spectrum. Further, the emission spectrum of the phosphor is set so as not to overlap with any excitation spectrum of the phosphor.
- the LED projector employs a time division method, and is switched so that only one of the R light LED 57R, the G light LED 57G, and the B light LED 57B emits light by a control circuit unit (not shown).
- the luminance of the projected image can be improved by including the light source device 50 of the above-described embodiment.
- the structural example of the single plate type liquid crystal projector was given as the LED projector of the embodiment, it is needless to say that the present invention may be applied to a three plate type liquid crystal projector including a liquid crystal panel for each of R, G, and B.
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Abstract
Description
光が入射する入射面と、
前記入射面の上に積層され、光によってキャリアが生成されるキャリア生成層と、
前記キャリア生成層の上に積層され、前記キャリア生成層を入射面から入射した光で励起したときに発生する光の周波数よりも高いプラズマ周波数を有するプラズモン励起層と、
前記プラズモン励起層の上に積層され、前記プラズモン励起層から入射する光を所定の出射角に変換して出射する出射層と、を備え、
前記プラズモン励起層は、誘電性を有する2つの層の間に挟まれ、
前記プラズモン励起層を境に、前記出射層側となる出射側部分の実効誘電率が、前記キャリア生成層側となる入射側部分の実効誘電率よりも高く、
前記プラズモン励起層と前記キャリア生成層との間の誘電率が、前記キャリア生成層と前記入射面との間の誘電率よりも高い。
図3に、本実施形態の光源装置の模式的な構成の斜視図を示す。図4Aに、本発明に係る光源装置における光の振る舞いを説明するための断面図を示す。なお、光源装置において、実際の個々の層の厚さが非常に薄く、またそれぞれ層の厚さの違いが大きいので、各層を正確なスケール、比率で図を描くことが困難である。このため、図面では各層が実際の比率通りに描かれておらず、各層を模式的に示している。
1≦εlrA(λ0)<εhrA(λ0)、1≦εlrB(λ0)<εhrB(λ0)
の関係を満たしている。なお、λ0は、誘電率層への入射光の真空中での波長である。
図11に、第2の実施形態の光源装置が備える指向性制御層の斜視図を示す。図11に示すように、第2の実施形態における指向性制御層18では、導光体(不図示)の上に形成されるキャリア生成層16、高誘電率層17B、プラズモン励起層8、フォトニック結晶からなる波数ベクトル変換層17Aの順に積層されている。
図12に、第3の実施形態の光源装置が備える指向性制御層の斜視図を示す。図12に示すように、第3の実施形態における指向性制御層19では、導光体(不図示)の上に、低誘電率層7、キャリア生成層6、高誘電率層17B、プラズモン励起層8、フォトニック結晶からなる波数ベクトル変換層17Aの順に積層されている。本実施形態では低誘電率層7と導光体との界面が入射面となる。
図13に、第4の実施形態の光源装置が備える指向性制御層の斜視図を示す。図13に示すように、第4の実施形態における指向性制御層20では、導光体(不図示)の上に、キャリア生成層16、高誘電率層9B、プラズモン励起層8、高誘電率層9A、フォトニック結晶からなる波数ベクトル変換層10の順に積層されている。
図14に、第5の実施形態の光源装置が備える指向性制御層の斜視図を示す。図14に示すように、第5の実施形態における指向性制御層37では、第1の実施形態におけるプラズモン励起層8に加えて、別のプラズモン励起層としてのプラズモン励起層36が更に配置されている。
図15に、第6の実施形態の光源装置が備える指向性制御層の斜視図を示す。図15に示すように、第6の実施形態における指向性制御層40は、第1の実施形態における指向性制御層3と同様の構成であり、第1の実施形態における低誘電率層7及び高誘電率層9A、9Bが、それぞれ積層された複数の誘電体層によって構成されている点が異なっている。
図16に、第7の実施形態の光源装置が備える指向性制御層の斜視図を示す。図16に示すように、第7の実施形態における指向性制御層42は、第1の実施形態における指向性制御層3と同様の構成であり、キャリア生成層6と高誘電率層9Bとの間に、別の低誘電率層41を設ける点が異なっている。本実施形態では低誘電率層7と導光体(不図示)との界面が入射面となる。
図17に、第8の実施形態の光源装置が備える指向性制御層の斜視図を示す。図17に示すように、第8の実施形態における指向性制御層45では、第1の実施形態における指向性制御層3と同様の構成であり、プラズモン励起層群44が、積層された複数の金属層44a、44bによって構成されている点が異なっている。本実施形態では低誘電率層7と導光体(不図示)との界面が入射面となる。
図18に、第9の実施形態の光源装置の斜視図を示す。図18に示すように、第9の実施形態の光源装置では、光学素子51から入射する軸対称偏光を所定の偏光状態に揃える偏光変換素子として、光学素子51からの入射光を直線偏光する軸対称偏光用1/2波長板26を備えている。光源装置50からの出射光を軸対称偏光用1/2波長板26によって直線偏光とすることで、出射光の偏光状態が揃えられた光源装置を実現できる。なお、偏光変換素子によって軸対称偏光を所定の偏光状態に揃えることには、直線偏光することに限定するものではなく、円偏光とすることも含まれる。また、指向性制御層としては、上述した第1~第8の実施形態における指向性制御層のいずれが適用されてもよいことは勿論である。
図23に、上記実施形態におけるプラズモン共鳴特性を説明するための図を示す。図23では、高誘電率層9AにTiO2、高誘電率層9Bに多孔質SiO2、プラズモン励起層8にAg、低誘電率層7に空気を用いた光源装置において、波長460nmの光をそれぞれプラズモン励起層8に入射させた場合について、入射角に対する反射率の関係を示している。ここで、高誘電率層9A、低誘電率層7は光の波長に比べて十分に厚く形成した。図23には高誘電率層9Bの厚さを、0nm、10nm、20nm、40nm、60nm、100nm、1000nmとしたときの入射角と反射率についてそれぞれ示している。
図25に、第1の実施形態の光源装置50において、式(1)を用いて算出した実効誘電率から求まるプラズモン共鳴角と、多層膜反射計算によって求まるプラズモン共鳴角とを比較して示す。図25において、横軸が高誘電率層9Bの厚さを示し、縦軸がプラズモン共鳴角を示している。図25に示すように、実効誘電率による計算値と、多層膜反射による計算値とが一致しており、式(1)で定義される実効誘電率によってプラズモン共鳴の条件を定義できることが明らかである。
図27は高誘電率層9Bを備えることによる高輝度化の効果を示す図である。横軸は光の波長、縦軸は光強度を示している。また、スペクトルは発光強度がピークとなる角度ごとで比較している。導光体2としてAir、低誘電率層7としてAir、キャリア生成層6として発光のピーク波長が640nmの量子ドット蛍光体、高誘電率層9BとしてZrO2(誘電率:4)またはSiO2(誘電率2.2)、プラズモン励起層8としてAg、高誘電率層9AとしてTiO2、をそれぞれ用い、それぞれの厚さを、無限大、無限大、40nm、10nm、50nm、0.5mmとした。波数ベクトル変換層10には直系10mm、屈折率2.0の半球レンズを用い、励起光には波長440nmのレーザダイオードを用いた。
また、副次的な効果として発光スペクトルが先鋭化した。これは発光の色純度が求められる用途には好ましい結果である。
Claims (14)
- 光が入射する入射面と、
前記入射面の上に積層され、光によってキャリアが生成されるキャリア生成層と、
前記キャリア生成層の上に積層され、前記キャリア生成層を前記入射面から入射した光で励起したときに発生する光の周波数よりも高いプラズマ周波数を有するプラズモン励起層と、
前記プラズモン励起層の上に積層され、前記プラズモン励起層から入射する光を所定の出射角に変換して出射する出射層と、を備え、
前記プラズモン励起層は、誘電性を有する2つの層の間に挟まれ、
前記プラズモン励起層を境に、前記出射層側となる出射側部分の実効誘電率が、前記キャリア生成層側となる入射側部分の実効誘電率よりも高く、
前記プラズモン励起層と前記キャリア生成層との間の誘電率が、前記キャリア生成層と、前記入射面との間の誘電率よりも高い光学素子。 - 前記実効誘電率が、
前記入射側部分または前記出射側部分の誘電体の誘電率分布と、
前記入射側部分または前記出射側部分での前記プラズモン励起層の界面に垂直な方向に対する表面プラズモンの分布と、
に基づいて決定される請求項1に記載の光学素子。 - 請求項1または請求項2に記載の光学素子において、
前記実効誘電率は、実効誘電率εeffであって、該実効誘電率εeffが、前記プラズモン励起層の界面に平行な方向をx軸、y軸、前記プラズモン励起層の界面に垂直な方向をz軸、前記キャリア生成層から出射する光の角周波数をω、前記入射側部分または前記出射側部分の誘電体の誘電率分布をε(ω、x、y、z)、積分範囲Dを前記入射側部分または前記出射側部分の三次元座標の範囲、表面プラズモンの波数のz成分をkspp、z、虚数単位をjとすれば、
または、
を満たし、
かつ、表面プラズモンの波数のz成分kspp、z、表面プラズモンの波数のx、y成分ksppが、
前記プラズモン励起層の誘電率の実部をεmetal、真空中での光の波数をk0とすれば、
を満たしている光学素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項3のいずれかに記載の光学素子において、
前記プラズモン励起層の前記出射層側、及び前記プラズモン励起層の前記キャリア生成層側の少なくとも一方の側に隣接して設けられた誘電率層を備える光学素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の光学素子において、
前記プラズモン励起層は、異なる金属材料からなる複数の金属層が積層されて構成されている光学素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれかに記載の光学素子において、
前記プラズモン励起層は、Ag、Au、Cu、Al、Ptのうちのいずれか1つ、又はこれらのうちの少なくとも1つを含む合金からなる光学素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項6のいずれかに記載の光学素子において、
前記入射面と前記キャリア生成層との間に設けられ、前記発光素子の周波数よりも高いプラズマ周波数を有する別のプラズモン励起層を更に備える光学素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれかに記載の光学素子において、
前記出射層は、表面周期構造を有している光学素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれかに記載の光学素子において、
前記出射層は、フォトニック結晶からなる光学素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項9のいずれかに記載の光学素子において、
前記低誘電率層は、支柱により密閉された気体である光学素子。 - 請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれかに記載の光学素子を用いた光源装置であって、
前記入射面の下に積層された導光体と、
発生した光を前記導光体へ入射する発光素子と、を備えた光源装置。 - 請求項1ないし請求項10のいずれかに記載の光学素子を用いた光源装置であって、
前記入射面を、発生した光を出射する出射面とするLEDを備えた光源装置。 - 請求項11または請求項12記載の光源装置において、
前記光学素子から入射する軸対称偏光を所定の偏光状態に揃える偏光変換素子を備える光源装置。 - 請求項11ないし13のいずれかに記載の光源装置と、
前記光源装置の出射光によって投射映像を投射する投射光学系と、を備える投射型表示装置。
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| CN110780521B (zh) * | 2018-07-27 | 2021-09-07 | 精工爱普生株式会社 | 光源装置和投影仪 |
| CN111443561A (zh) * | 2020-04-15 | 2020-07-24 | 中南大学 | 一种三原色波长选择性散射透明投影膜及其包括该透明投影膜的投影屏幕 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140139809A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| JPWO2012172858A1 (ja) | 2015-02-23 |
| US9170351B2 (en) | 2015-10-27 |
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