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WO2012172132A1 - Método de colocación de insertos en piezas de material compuesto - Google Patents

Método de colocación de insertos en piezas de material compuesto Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012172132A1
WO2012172132A1 PCT/ES2012/000120 ES2012000120W WO2012172132A1 WO 2012172132 A1 WO2012172132 A1 WO 2012172132A1 ES 2012000120 W ES2012000120 W ES 2012000120W WO 2012172132 A1 WO2012172132 A1 WO 2012172132A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
insert
hole
resin
tube
composite material
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/ES2012/000120
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roberto MONTEJO YUSTE
Carlos Amezqueta Pueyo
Francisco LAHUERTA CALAHORRA
Iñaki NUIN MARTINEZ DE LAGOS
Javier GUELBENZU BLASCO
Mercedes Sanz Millan
Marcos Del Rio Carbajo
Ana Belen FARIÑAS CASTAÑO
Ernesto Saenz More
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
INVESTIGACIONES Y DESARROLLOS EOLICOS SL
Original Assignee
INVESTIGACIONES Y DESARROLLOS EOLICOS SL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by INVESTIGACIONES Y DESARROLLOS EOLICOS SL filed Critical INVESTIGACIONES Y DESARROLLOS EOLICOS SL
Publication of WO2012172132A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012172132A1/es
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0658—Arrangements for fixing wind-engaging parts to a hub
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/4805—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the type of adhesives
    • B29C65/483—Reactive adhesives, e.g. chemically curing adhesives
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/48—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding
    • B29C65/52—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive
    • B29C65/54—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts
    • B29C65/544—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor using adhesives, i.e. using supplementary joining material; solvent bonding characterised by the way of applying the adhesive between pre-assembled parts by suction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/78—Means for handling the parts to be joined, e.g. for making containers or hollow articles, e.g. means for handling sheets, plates, web-like materials, tubular articles, hollow articles or elements to be joined therewith; Means for discharging the joined articles from the joining apparatus
    • B29C65/7802—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring
    • B29C65/782—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/7823—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint
    • B29C65/7826—Positioning the parts to be joined, e.g. aligning, indexing or centring by setting the gap between the parts to be joined by using distance pieces, i.e. by using spacers positioned between the parts to be joined and forming a part of the joint said distance pieces being non-integral with the parts to be joined, e.g. particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/12—Joint cross-sections combining only two joint-segments; Tongue and groove joints; Tenon and mortise joints; Stepped joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/126—Tenon and mortise joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
    • B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F03D1/065—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
    • F03D1/0675—Rotors characterised by their construction elements of the blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
    • B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
    • B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/20—Inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/20—Inserts
    • B29K2105/206—Meshes, lattices or nets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/08—Blades for rotors, stators, fans, turbines or the like, e.g. screw propellers
    • B29L2031/082—Blades, e.g. for helicopters
    • B29L2031/085—Wind turbine blades
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/737—Articles provided with holes, e.g. grids, sieves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/23—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic
    • F05B2250/232—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic conical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2280/00—Materials; Properties thereof
    • F05B2280/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
    • F05B2280/6003—Composites; e.g. fibre-reinforced
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the incorporation of inserts in composite parts intended to support fasteners, for example, in the attachment of wind turbine blades to the bushing or in connecting elements between component sections of wind turbine blades or similar applications, proposing a method that allows the placement of said inserts in a precise and reliable way.
  • the placement of the inserts for that purpose is done conventionally by two methods, which consist of: -Adhesive inserts, making a hole in the composite material of the application piece, to then fix the insert by means of adhesive inside the hole.
  • This method has the problem of the difficulty of obtaining a suitable filling with the adhesive between the surfaces of the insert and the hole. Solutions of this type are, for example, those of Patents ES 2274701 and EP 2138716.
  • - Embedded inserts placing the inserts between the laminate layers of the composite material during the manufacture of the application piece.
  • a method is proposed that allows the insertion of inserts in the pieces of composite material after they have been manufactured, with characteristics that ensure in a practical way an optimal fixation of the inserts in their placement, saving the inconveniences of conventional methods
  • This method object of the invention consists in making in the piece of composite material a hole in correspondence with the shape of the insert to be placed, and in arranging on the insert to be placed, provided with an axial through hole, a jacket of one or several dry reinforcement fabrics, woven unidirectionally, biaxially, triaxially or three-dimensionally, with natural fibers or synthetic fibers (such as glass fiber, carbon, aramid, boron, or any other similar material) or a combination thereof, the insert provided with said jacket being placed in the hole made in the application piece, where the insert is introduced with pressure, while resin is infused into the hole between the insert and the hole wall. which soaks the fabric shirt that unifies, reinforces and homogenizes the distribution of said resin in the hollow.
  • the insertion pressure of the insert in the placement hole can be carried out by means of a pushing force applied directly on the insert, by infusing the resin by injection into the gap between the insert and the hole wall, with exit breathing through a tube inserted in the axial through hole of the insert; or the infusion being carried out through the tube inserted in the axial through-trade of the insert, with exit breathing through the gap between the insert and the hole wall.
  • Said insertion pressure of the insert in the placement hole can also be carried out by applying a vacuum through a tube inserted in the axial through hole of the insert, infusing the resin through the gap between the insert and the hole wall; or vice versa, that is by applying the vacuum through the gap between the insert and the hole wall, infusing the resin through the tube inserted in the hole axial intern of the insert.
  • the resin-embedded fabric shirt acts as a joint between the composite material of the application piece and the insert, behaving as a laminate layer of the composite material, thereby improving the mechanical properties of the joint.
  • the thickness of the joint between the insert and the composite material of the application piece can be precisely controlled.
  • the method is automatable, allowing the placement of one or more inserts at the same time.
  • Figure 1 shows an exploded perspective scheme of the placement of an insert according to the method of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a sectional view of the placement of an insert by the method of the invention, according to a vacuum application embodiment.
  • Figure 3 is a sectional view of the placement of an insert by the method of the invention, according to another embodiment of vacuum application.
  • Figure 4 is a sectional view of the placement of an insert by the method of the invention, according to an embodiment of application of a pushing force on the insert.
  • Figure 5 is a sectional view of the placement of an insert by the method of the invention, according to another embodiment of application of a pushing force on the insert.
  • the object of the invention relates to a method for placing inserts in the laminate of pieces of composite materials, with characteristics that improve the fixation of the insert with respect to the material of the application piece.
  • the recommended method is to perform in the piece (1) of composite application material a hole (2) corresponding to the shape of the insert
  • the thrust pressure exerted adjusts the insert (3) with the jacket (4) in the hole (2), while the infused resin soaks the jacket (4), which unifies and homogenizes the distribution of said resin between the surfaces of the insert (3) and the hole (2), so that the jacket
  • a vacuum application system is provided, sealing the entrance of the gap between the insert (3) and the hole wall (2) with a waterproof cover (8) that sealed with putty cords (9), through whose cover (8) there is a tube (10) that passes from the inside to the outside.
  • a resin tank (11) can be arranged connected, and through the tube (6) placed in the axial through hole (5) of the insert (3) apply a vacuum absorption, as shown in Figure 2; whereby an extraction of the air (12) contained in the gap between the insert (3) and the hole wall (2) takes place, resulting in an absorption that attracts the insert (3) into the hole (2) ) and that at the same time brings the resin from the tank (11), through the tube (10), through the jacket (4), soaking it completely.
  • the application of the vacuum and the resin inlet can also be carried out in reverse, that is to say by applying the vacuum absorption through the tube (10) that passes through the cover (8) and the resin inlet through the tube (6) placed in the axial hole (5) of the insert (3), as shown in Figure 3; with which the same effect of air extraction (12) occurs and as a consequence the attraction of the insert (3) into the hole (2) and the impeller of the resin through the jacket (4), as in The previous case.
  • the thrust pressure of the insert (3) towards the inside the hole (2) can also be done by applying a force (13) from the outside on the insert (3), by introducing the resin (14) by injection through the gap between the insert (3) and the wall of the hole (2), with the outlet (15) of the air contained in the gap between the insert (3) and the wall of the hole (2), through the tube (6) placed in the axial through hole (5) of the insert (3) as shown in figure 4; or effecting the introduction (14) of the resin by injection, under the same conditions of direct thrust of the insert (3), through the tube (6) placed in the axial through craft (5) of the insert (3), as it represents figure 5; obtaining, in these cases an equivalent result, of insertion of the insert (3) into the hole (2), of infusion of the resin through the jacket (4) and outlet (15) of the air, as with the previous solutions of figures 2 and 3.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)

Abstract

Método de colocación de insertos en piezas de material compuesto, que consiste en realizar en la pieza (1) de aplicación un orificio (2) con holgura respecto de la forma del inserto (3) a colocar, disponiéndose sobre el inserto (3) una camisa (4) tejida con fibras naturales y/o sintéticas, para introducir el inserto (3) provisto con la camisa (4), en el orificio (2), aplicando una presión de empuje del inserto (3) hacia el interior, mientras que en el hueco que queda entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2) se infusiona resina, la cual empapa a la camisa (4) para fijar el inserto (3) sobre la pared del orificio (2).

Description

MÉTODO DE COLOCACIÓN DE INSERTOS EN PIEZAS DE MATERIAL
COMPUESTO
Sector de la -técnica
La presente invención está relacionada con la incorporación de insertos en piezas de material compuesto destinados para servir de soporte a elementos de fijación, por ejemplo, en la unión de palas de aerogenerador al buje o en elementos de unión entre tramos componentes de palas de aerogenerador o aplicaciones semejantes, proponiendo un método que permite realizar la colocación de dichos insertos de una manera precisa y fiable.
Estado de la -técnica
Determinadas piezas formadas por materiales compuestos, como por ejemplo las palas de aerogenerador, presentan considerables problemas para el transporte en una sola unidad constructiva, por lo que es convencional su construcción en tramos que se transportan separados y que se unen por montaje en el lugar de instalación.
La unión de dichos tramos componentes de piezas de materiales compuestos se realiza convencionalmente mediante amarres con elementos roscados que se acoplan respecto de insertos incorporados en el material compuesto de las partes a unir.
La colocación de los insertos para ese fin, se realiza convencionalmente mediante dos métodos, que consisten en: -Insertos adhesivados, realizando un orificio en el material compuesto de la pieza de aplicación, para luego fijar el inserto mediante adhesivo en el interior del orificio. Este método tiene el problema de la dificultad de conseguir un adecuado relleno con el adhesivo entre las superficies del inserto y del orificio. Soluciones de este tipo son, por ejemplo, las de las Patentes ES 2274701 y EP 2138716. -Insertos embebidos, colocando los insertos entre las capas del laminado del material compuesto durante la fabricación de la pieza de aplicación. Este método tiene el problema de que obliga a discontinuidades del laminado del material compuesto para la adaptación a la forma del inserto, requiriendo un laminado manual con elevados tiempos de fabricación en la zona que va el inserto, en donde a pesar de todo se producen bolsas de resina. Soluciones de este tipo son, por ejemplo, las de las Patentes US 2007243070, US 20110044817 y EP 2138716.
Objeto de la invención
De acuerdo con la invención se propone un método que permite la colocación de insertos en las piezas de material compuesto después de fabricadas éstas, con unas características que aseguran de una manera práctica una óptima fijación de los insertos en su colocación, salvando los inconvenientes de los métodos convencionales.
Este método objeto de la invención consiste en realizar en la pieza de material compuesto un orificio en correspondencia con la forma del inserto a colocar, y en disponer sobre el inserto a colocar, provisto con un orificio pasante axial, una camisa de una o varias telas de refuerzo secas, tejida unidireccionalmente, biaxialmente, triaxialmente o tridimensionalmente, con fibras naturales o fibras sintéticas (como fibra de vidrio, carbono, aramida, boro, o cualquier otro material semejante) o una combinación de las mismas, colocándose el inserto provisto con dicha camisa en el orificio realizado en la pieza de aplicación, en donde el inserto se introduce con presión, mientras que en el hueco entre el inserto y la pared del orificio se infusiona resina, la cual empapa a la camisa de tela que uniformiza, refuerza y homogeniza la distribución de dicha resina en el hueco. La presión de inserción del inserto en el orificio de colocación puede realizarse mediante una fuerza de empuje aplicada directamente sobre el inserto, efectuando la infusión de la resina por inyección en el hueco de separación entre el inserto y la pared del orificio, con respiración de salida a través de un tubo introducido en el orificio pasante axial del inserto; o bien efectuándose la infusión a través del tubo introducido en el oficio pasante axial del inserto, con respiración de salida a través del hueco de separación entre el inserto y la pared del orificio.
Dicha presión de inserción del inserto en el orificio de colocación puede realizarse también mediante aplicación de vacio a través de un tubo introducido en el orificio pasante axial del inserto, infusionando la resina por el hueco de separación entre el inserto y la pared del orificio; o viceversa, es decir aplicando el vacio por el hueco de separación entre el inserto y la pared del orificio, infusionando la resina a través del tubo introducido en el orificio pasante axial del inserto.
Se obtiene asi un método con el que se logran las ventajas siguientes:
-La camisa que se dispone sobre el inserto posiciona a éste en el orificio de colocación y mantiene la tolerancia de fabricación. -La infusión de la resina a través de la camisa de tela, uniformiza y homogeniza la distribución de la resina de fijación a lo largo del inserto.
-La camisa de tela embebida en resina hace de unión entre el material compuesto de la pieza de aplicación y el inserto, comportándose como una capa de laminado del material compuesto, con lo que mejoran las propiedades mecánicas de la unión. -El espesor de la unión entre el inserto y el material compuesto de la pieza de aplicación se puede controlar con precisión.
-No requiere modificar el laminado del material compuesto de la pieza de aplicación para la colocación del inserto.
-El método es automatizable, permitiendo la colocación de uno o más insertos a la vez.
Por todo ello, el método preconizado resulta de unas características muy ventajosas, adquiriendo vida propia y carácter preferente respecto de los métodos convencionales de la misma función. Descripción de las figuras
La figura 1 muestra un esquema en perspectiva explosionada de la colocación de un inserto según el método de la invención.
La figura 2 es una vista en sección de la colocación de un inserto mediante el método de la invención, según una realización de aplicación de vacio .
La figura 3 es una vista en sección de la colocación de un inserto mediante el método de la invención, según otra realización de aplicación de vacio .
La figura 4 es una vista en sección de la colocación de un inserto mediante el método de la invención, según una realización de aplicación de una fuerza de empuje sobre el inserto.
La figura 5 es una vista en sección de la colocación de un inserto mediante el método de la invención, según otra realización de aplicación de una fuerza de empuje sobre el inserto.
Descripción detallada de la invención
El objeto de la invención se refiere a un método para la colocación de insertos en el laminado de piezas de materiales compuestos, con unas características que mejoran la fijación del inserto respecto del material de la pieza de aplicación.
El método preconizado consiste en realizar en la pieza (1) de material compuesto de aplicación un orificio (2) correspondiente con la forma del inserto
(3) a colocar, pero con holgura, y en disponer sobre el inserto (3), de forma parcial o total, una camisa (4) de una o varias telas de refuerzo seca, tejida con fibras naturales o fibras sintéticas (como fibra de vidrio, de carbono, de aramida, de boro, o cualquier material semejante), o una combinación de las mismas, introduciéndose el inserto (3), asi enfundado, en el orificio (2), con una presión de empuje hacia el interior, mientras que por el hueco existente entre la superficie del inserto (3) y la superficie del orificio (2) se infusiona resina. De este modo, la presión de empuje ejercida ajusta al inserto (3) con la camisa (4) en el orificio (2), mientras que la resina infusionada empapa a la camisa (4), la cual uniformiza y homogeniza la distribución de dicha resina entre las superficies del inserto (3) y del orificio (2), de manera que la camisa
(4) empapada, se comporta como una capa de laminado que determina una fijación del inserto (3) con óptimas características mecánicas, al curar la resina. Para facilitar la entrada de la resina y su extensión por el hueco entre el inserto (3) y la superficie del orificio (2), en la formación del inserto (3) se determina un orificio pasante axial (5) a través del mismo, colocándose en ese orificio pasante axial (5) un tubo (6) que se sella respecto de dicho orificio pasante axial (5) mediante un cordón de masilla ( 7 ) .
Para determinar la presión de empuje sobre el inserto (3) hacia el interior del orificio (2) y la infusión de la resina a través de la camisa (4), se prevé un sistema de aplicación de vacio, sellando la entrada del hueco entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2) con una cubierta (8) impermeable que se hermetiza con cordones de masilla (9), a través de cuya cubierta (8) se dispone un tubo (10) que pasa desde el interior hasta el exterior.
Con ello asi, en relación con el tubo (10) que pasa a través de la cubierta (8) puede disponerse conectado un depósito (11) de resina, y a través del tubo (6) colocado en el orificio pasante axial (5) del inserto (3) aplicar una absorción de vacio, como representa la figura 2; con lo cual se produce una extracción del aire (12) contenido en el hueco entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2), dando lugar a una absorción que atrae al inserto (3) hacia el interior del orificio (2) y que a la vez hace entrar la resina desde el depósito (11), por el tubo (10), a través de la camisa (4), empapando a ésta completamente .
La aplicación del vacio y de la entrada de la resina pueden realizarse igualmente a la inversa, es decir aplicando la absorción de vacio por el tubo (10) que pasa a través de la cubierta (8) y la entrada de la resina por el tubo (6) colocado en el orificio axial (5) del inserto (3), como representa la figura 3; con lo que se produce el mismo efecto de extracción del aire (12) y como consecuencia la atracción del inserto (3) hacia el interior del orificio (2) y la impulsión de la resina a través de la camisa (4), como en el caso anterior . La presión de empuje del inserto (3) hacia el interior del orificio (2), puede realizarse también aplicando una fuerza (13) desde el exterior sobre el inserto (3), realizando la introducción (14) de la resina por inyección a través del hueco entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2), produciéndose la salida (15) del aire contenido en el hueco entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2), a través del tubo (6) colocado en el orificio pasante axial (5) del inserto (3) como representa la figura 4; o efectuar la introducción (14) de la resina por inyección, en las mismas condiciones de empuje directo del inserto (3), a través del tubo (6) colocado en el oficio pasante axial (5) del inserto (3), como representa la figura 5; obteniéndose, en estos casos un resultado equivalente, de introducción del inserto (3) en el orificio (2), de infusión de la resina a través de la camisa (4) y de salida (15) del aire, como con las anteriores soluciones de las figuras 2 y 3.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1. - Método de colocación de insertos en piezas de material compuesto, caracterizado en que en la pieza (1) de aplicación se realiza un orificio (2) con holgura en relación con la forma del inserto (3) a colocar, disponiéndose sobre el inserto (3), de forma parcial o total, una camisa (4) de una o varias telas de refuerzo secas, tejida con fibras naturales o sintéticas o una combinación de las mismas, para introducir el inserto (3), provisto con la camisa (4), en el orificio (2) realizado en la pieza (1), aplicando una presión de empuje del inserto (3) hacia el interior, mientras que en el hueco que queda entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2) se infusiona resina, la cual empapa a la camisa (4) para establecer mediante ella la fijación del inserto (3) como una capa de laminado; disponiéndose a través del orificio pasante axial (5) del inserto (3) un tubo (6) que facilita la infusión de la resina a través de la camisa (4) en dicho hueco entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2 ) .
2. - Método de colocación de insertos en piezas de de material compuesto, de acuerdo con la primera reivindicación, caracterizado en que la presión de empuje del inserto (3) hacia el interior del orificio
(2) y la infusión de la resina a través de la camisa (4), se realizan mediante aplicación de vacio, sellándose el hueco entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2) mediante una cubierta (8) impermeable, a través de la cual se dispone un tubo (10), aplicándose el vacio a través del tubo (6) colocado en el inserto
(3) y la entrada de resina a través del tubo (10) que atraviesa a la cubierta (8), o a la inversa.
3.- Método de colocación de insertos en piezas de material compuesto, de acuerdo con la primera reivindicación, caracterizado en que la presión de empuje del inserto (3) hacia el interior del hueco (2) se realiza mediante aplicación de una fuerza (13) desde el exterior sobre el inserto (3), introduciendo la resina por inyección a través del hueco entre el inserto (3) y la pared del orificio (2), con salida (15) del aire a través del tubo (6) dispuesto en el orificio pasante axial (5) del inserto (3), o a la inversa .
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