WO2012153488A1 - クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置およびその読み出し方法 - Google Patents
クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置およびその読み出し方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012153488A1 WO2012153488A1 PCT/JP2012/002904 JP2012002904W WO2012153488A1 WO 2012153488 A1 WO2012153488 A1 WO 2012153488A1 JP 2012002904 W JP2012002904 W JP 2012002904W WO 2012153488 A1 WO2012153488 A1 WO 2012153488A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C11/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor
- G11C11/21—Digital stores characterised by the use of particular electric or magnetic storage elements; Storage elements therefor using electric elements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C8/00—Arrangements for selecting an address in a digital store
- G11C8/08—Word line control circuits, e.g. drivers, boosters, pull-up circuits, pull-down circuits, precharging circuits, for word lines
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0007—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements comprising metal oxide memory material, e.g. perovskites
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0023—Address circuits or decoders
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/0023—Address circuits or decoders
- G11C13/0028—Word-line or row circuits
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C13/00—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00
- G11C13/0002—Digital stores characterised by the use of storage elements not covered by groups G11C11/00, G11C23/00, or G11C25/00 using resistive RAM [RRAM] elements
- G11C13/0021—Auxiliary circuits
- G11C13/004—Reading or sensing circuits or methods
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/10—Resistive cells; Technology aspects
- G11C2213/15—Current-voltage curve
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- G—PHYSICS
- G11—INFORMATION STORAGE
- G11C—STATIC STORES
- G11C2213/00—Indexing scheme relating to G11C13/00 for features not covered by this group
- G11C2213/70—Resistive array aspects
- G11C2213/71—Three dimensional array
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cross-point type resistance change nonvolatile memory device and a reading method thereof, that is, a nonvolatile memory device having a cross-point type memory cell configured using a so-called resistance change element and a reading method thereof.
- the resistance change element has a property that a resistance value changes according to an electric signal (transition between a high resistance state and a low resistance state), and information can be stored by the change in the resistance value. A possible element.
- each memory cell using resistance change elements is a so-called cross point structure.
- each memory cell is configured by being sandwiched between a bit line and a word line at a position of an intersection between a bit line and a word line arranged orthogonally.
- various types of such cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory devices have been developed (see, for example, Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 1 discloses a nonvolatile memory device of a memory cell using a bidirectional variable resistor as a cross-point structure. Among them, it is shown that, for example, a varistor is used as a bidirectional nonlinear element constituting a memory cell for the purpose of reducing a so-called leakage current flowing in an unselected memory cell, and a read voltage Vr is applied to a selected bit line at the time of reading. It is disclosed that VSS is applied to a selected word line, and a voltage lower than a read voltage Vr is applied to an unselected word line and an unselected bit line to perform reading.
- Patent Document 2 a plurality of word lines in which memory cells constituted by a bidirectional variable resistor and a bidirectional nonlinear element are wired in parallel and a plurality of bit lines wired orthogonally to the word lines 1 shows a nonvolatile memory device having a memory cell array with a cross-point structure arranged in a matrix at each of the intersections.
- the bidirectional nonlinear element disclosed therein is also described for the purpose of reducing so-called leakage current flowing through the unselected memory cell.
- the leakage current amount depends on the array size of the memory cell array, the leakage current cannot be ignored when the array size is increased.
- Patent Document 2 discloses means for applying a predetermined voltage to unselected word lines and unselected bit lines, and more stable reading can be performed. It becomes.
- the present invention is a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device that uses a memory cell whose current characteristics are sensitive to voltage fluctuations, and is an actual device that takes into account variations in electrical signals such as applied voltage. It is a first object of the present invention to provide a nonvolatile memory device capable of expanding a read margin and performing stable reading and a reading method thereof.
- the present invention also provides a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device capable of stable operation with respect to the problem of generation of electromagnetic noise (EMI) due to a change in current flowing into a selected word line via a non-selected cell.
- EMI electromagnetic noise
- a second object is to provide a reading method thereof.
- One form of the cross-point type resistance change nonvolatile memory device includes a resistance change element that reversibly transits at least two states of a low resistance state and a high resistance state by applying voltages having different polarities, A plurality of memory cells having a bidirectional current control element having a non-linear current-voltage characteristic connected in series to the variable resistance element, the memory cells each having a plurality of bit lines extending in the X direction; A cross-point type memory cell array formed at intersections with a plurality of word lines extending in the Y direction, at least one bit line is selected from the plurality of bit lines, and at least one word is selected from the plurality of word lines A decoder circuit that selects at least one memory cell from the memory cell array by selecting a line, and data from the selected memory cell A read circuit for reading, a first current source for supplying a first constant current, and a control circuit for controlling reading of data from the selected memory cell, wherein the control circuit is configured to read data from the read circuit.
- a first voltage that is a voltage for reading output from the read circuit is applied to a selected bit line that is a bit line selected by the decoder circuit, and a word line selected by the decoder circuit is applied.
- the decoder circuit, the read circuit, and the read circuit are configured to apply a second voltage to a selected word line and supply the first constant current to a non-selected word line that is not selected by the decoder circuit. Control the first current source.
- the present invention has the above-described configuration, and in a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device, the actual read margin is increased in consideration of variations in electric signals such as applied voltage, and the stability of read characteristics is improved. There is an effect that can be made.
- FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional structure diagram of single-layer and multilayer cross-point memory cells.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of the memory cell.
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of the memory cell.
- FIG. 4 is an equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell.
- FIG. 5 is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell.
- FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of a memory cell array in which memory cells are arranged in a matrix.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory diagram of development of the memory cell array into an array equivalent circuit.
- FIG. 8 is a degenerate equivalent circuit diagram of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining a read state at the time of the non-selection line Hi-z.
- FIG. 9 is an equivalent circuit diagram for explaining a read state at the time of the non-selection line Hi-z.
- FIG. 10 is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 11 is an equivalent circuit diagram when a voltage is applied to an unselected word line.
- FIG. 12 is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 13 is an equivalent circuit diagram when a current is applied to an unselected word line according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 15 is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array.
- 16A is a graph showing the Isel (LR) / Isel (HR) current ratio with respect to the leakage current Ib_nw
- FIG. 16A is a graph showing the sense current Isen with respect to the leakage current Ib_nw.
- FIG. 16B is an IV characteristic graph of the memory cell array.
- FIG. 17 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell when memory cells are stacked in a two-layer structure.
- FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining the graphical notation of memory cells.
- FIG. 19 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a two-layer cross-point memory cell array according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the memory cell array according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram showing the memory cell array of FIG. 20 and its peripheral circuits.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing a main part of a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device using a plurality of memory cell arrays of FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 24 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a word line control system peripheral circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 25 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a peripheral circuit constituting the readout system according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 26 is a diagram showing a read sequence by the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell when memory cells according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention are stacked in a four-layer structure.
- FIG. 28 is a cross-sectional configuration diagram of an eight-layer cross-point memory cell array according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 29 is a circuit diagram showing a configuration of a memory cell array according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 30 is a circuit diagram showing an example of a word line control system peripheral circuit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
- FIG. 1A shows a three-dimensional structure of a so-called single-layer cross-point memory cell array.
- a plurality of word lines (for example, second layer wiring) 52 wired in parallel in any one direction and parallel, and bit lines (for example, the first layer) wired in many directions in one direction so as to be orthogonal to the word line 52 Wiring) 53 and a memory cell 51 arranged at a location where the word line 52 and the bit line 53 intersect and electrically connected to the word line 52 and the bit line 53 are shown.
- FIG. 1B is a diagram showing a three-dimensional structure of a so-called multilayer cross-point memory cell array.
- the bit line 53 is arranged in the first wiring layer (first layer bit line 53a), and the word line 52 is arranged in the second wiring layer so as to be orthogonal to the bit line 53 (first layer).
- the bit line 53 is arranged in the third wiring layer (second layer bit line 53b) so as to be orthogonal to the word line 52, and is further orthogonal to the bit line 53 in the upper layer.
- the word line 52 is arranged in the fourth wiring layer (second layer word line 52b), and the bit line 53 is arranged in the fifth wiring layer so as to be orthogonal to the word line 52 in the upper layer (third layer bit line).
- the structure is shown stacked several times in the form of line 53c).
- a memory cell 51 is configured by being sandwiched between the bit line 53 and the word line 52 at each intersection of the word line 52 and the bit line 53.
- the cross-point memory cell array has a simple structure in which memory cells are formed at the intersections of wiring, and by stacking them in the vertical direction, the memory cell area per unit area can be reduced without depending on miniaturization. Therefore, it is known as a structure suitable for high integration.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell 51 used in the cross-point memory cell array.
- the memory cell 51 has a configuration in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 are connected in series, and constitutes one bit.
- the variable resistance layer constituting the variable resistance element 10 includes a first variable resistance layer (here, a first transition metal oxide layer) 13 and a second variable resistance layer (here, a second transition metal oxide).
- Layer 12 is laminated.
- a first tantalum oxide layer an example of the first resistance change layer 13
- a second tantalum oxide layer an example of the second resistance change layer 12
- an oxygen-deficient first tantalum oxide (TaO x , 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 2.5) is formed on the lower electrode 14 made of tantalum nitride (TaN) as a first resistance change.
- a second tantalum oxide having a higher oxygen concentration than TaO x is formed by laminating as a layer (first region constituting a resistance change layer) 13 and irradiating the upper interface with oxygen plasma at 300 ° C., 200 W for 20 seconds.
- the second resistance change layer (second region constituting the resistance change layer) 12 composed of (TaO y , x ⁇ y) is thinly formed, and the upper electrode 11 composed of platinum (Pt) is formed thereon. It is made the structure which laminated
- the oxygen-deficient type refers to a composition state of a metal oxide that has a semi-stoichiometric composition that exhibits insulating properties and has a smaller amount of oxygen than a metal oxide composition that exhibits semiconducting electrical characteristics.
- the oxygen content of the second variable resistance layer (hereinafter referred to as second tantalum oxide layer) 12 composed of the second tantalum oxide is the same as that of the first variable resistance layer (hereinafter referred to as second tantalum oxide layer).
- the oxygen content of the first tantalum oxide layer) 13 is higher.
- the oxygen content of Ta 2 O 5 that is a stoichiometric composition is the ratio of oxygen to the total number of atoms (O / (Ta + O)), which is 71.4%. Therefore, the oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide has an oxygen content greater than 0% and less than 71.4%.
- the resistance value of the transition metal oxide used for the resistance change element is higher as the oxygen content is higher.
- the degree of oxygen deficiency of the second tantalum oxide layer 12 is less than the degree of oxygen deficiency of the first tantalum oxide layer 13.
- the degree of oxygen deficiency refers to the proportion of oxygen that is deficient with respect to the amount of oxygen constituting the oxide of the stoichiometric composition in each transition metal.
- the transition metal is tantalum (Ta)
- the stoichiometric oxide composition is Ta 2 O 5 and can be expressed as TaO 2.5 .
- the degree of oxygen deficiency of TaO 2.5 is 0%.
- the metal which comprises the 1st and 2nd resistance change layer may use transition metals other than a tantalum.
- transition metals tantalum (Ta), titanium (Ti), hafnium (Hf), zirconium (Zr), niobium (Nb), tungsten (W), or the like can be used. Since transition metals can take a plurality of oxidation states, different resistance states can be realized by oxidation-reduction reactions.
- the composition of the first tantalum oxide layer 13 is TaO x
- x is 0.8 or more and 1.9 or less
- the second tantalum oxide layer 12 It has been confirmed that when the composition is TaO y and y is larger than the value of x, the resistance value of the variable resistance layer can be stably changed at high speed.
- the thickness of the second tantalum oxide layer 12 is preferably 1 nm or more and 8 nm or less.
- the composition of the first hafnium oxide layer 13 as an example of the first variable resistance layer 13 is HfO x
- x is 0.9 or more and 1.6 or less
- the composition of the second hafnium oxide layer 12 as an example of the second variable resistance layer 12 is HfO y and y is larger than the value of x
- the resistance value of the variable resistance layer is stabilized.
- the thickness of the second hafnium oxide layer 12 is preferably 3 nm or more and 4 nm or less.
- the thickness of the second zirconium oxide layer 12 is preferably 1 nm or more and 5 nm or less.
- the voltage applied to the resistance change element is formed by configuring the resistance change film with the laminated structure of the second resistance change layer having a high resistance and a thin film thickness and the first resistance change layer having a low resistance. More voltage is distributed to the second variable resistance layer having a high resistance, and the oxidation-reduction reaction generated in the second variable resistance layer can be more easily caused.
- the first transition metal constituting the first transition metal oxide layer 13 as an example of the first variable resistance layer 13 and the second transition metal oxide as an example of the second variable resistance layer 12 A material different from the second transition metal constituting the layer 12 may be used.
- the second transition metal oxide layer 12 has a lower degree of oxygen deficiency than the first transition metal oxide layer 13, that is, has a higher resistance.
- the standard electrode potential represents a characteristic that the higher the value, the less likely it is to oxidize.
- the upper electrode 11 serving as an electrode in contact with the second resistance change layer 12 uses platinum (Pt).
- the upper electrode 11 is not limited to platinum, but includes tantalum (1) constituting the first resistance change layer 13. It is preferable to use a material higher than the standard electrode potential of Ta) and the standard electrode potential of tantalum nitride (TaN) constituting the lower electrode 14.
- the resistance change is in contact with the upper electrode 11 made of platinum (Pt), and the second resistance change layer 12 made of TaO y having a higher oxygen concentration. It occurs in.
- the resistance change element 10 changes to a high resistance state, and conversely, the voltage of the lower electrode 14 is changed from the voltage of the upper electrode 11 to a predetermined voltage.
- the resistance change element 10 changes to a low resistance state.
- the current control element 29 is a diode element having non-linear current-voltage characteristics in both positive and negative directions of the applied voltage, and the current control layer 22 made of nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride is a lower electrode made of tantalum nitride (TaN) or the like. 23 and the upper electrode 21.
- the bidirectionally non-linear current-voltage characteristic means that a current flows in both directions, and in a predetermined voltage range, the current control element 29 exhibits a high resistance (off) state, and a region where the voltage is higher than the predetermined voltage range and It means that a low resistance (on) state is exhibited in a low voltage region.
- the current control element 29 exhibits a high resistance (off) state when the absolute value of the applied voltage is equal to or less than a predetermined value, and the current control element 29 exhibits a low resistance (on) state when the absolute value of the applied voltage is greater than the predetermined value.
- the memory cell 51 is a memory cell in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 are connected in series using the via 27.
- Via 26 connects upper electrode 11 of resistance change element 10 and upper wiring 70 (corresponding to either bit line 53 or word line 52), and via 28 lower electrode 23 and lower electrode 23 of current control element 29 are connected to each other.
- a wiring 71 (corresponding to the other of the bit line 53 and the word line 52) is connected.
- the memory cell 51 may have a structure in which the via 27 is omitted as shown in FIG. Further, it may have a structure in which one or both of the via 26 and the via 28 are omitted.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of the memory cell 51 constituting the cross-point type resistance change nonvolatile memory device of the multi-layered memory cell array according to the embodiment of the present invention.
- the memory cell 51 includes a first electrode 23 made of tantalum nitride (TaN), a current control layer 22 made of nitrogen-deficient silicon nitride, a second electrode 21 made of TaN, and an oxygen-deficient tantalum oxide (
- the first resistance change layer 13 composed of TaO x ) is formed by oxidizing the first resistance change layer 13 in an oxygen plasma atmosphere and is TaO y (x ⁇ y) having a higher oxygen concentration than TaO x.
- the second resistance change layer 12 and the third electrode 11 made of platinum (Pt) are sequentially stacked.
- a lower wiring 71 made of aluminum (Al) is disposed below the memory cell 51, and the lower wiring 71 and the first electrode 23 of the memory cell 51 are connected by a first via 28.
- an upper wiring 70 made of aluminum (Al) is disposed above the memory cell 51, and the upper wiring 70 and the third electrode 11 of the memory cell 51 are connected by the third via 26.
- the lower wiring 71 and the upper wiring 70 are arranged so as to be orthogonal to each other.
- the first electrode 23, the current control layer 22, and the second electrode 21 form a current control element 29, and the second electrode 21, the first resistance change layer 13, the second resistance change layer 12, and the third electrode
- the electrode 11 constitutes the variable resistance element 10. That is, the memory cell 51 is connected in series to the resistance change element 10 that reversibly transitions between at least two states of a low resistance state and a high resistance state when voltages having different polarities are applied. Current control element 29.
- the second electrode 21 also serves as one of the electrodes.
- the resistance change is the constituent material of the second electrode 21 corresponding to the tantalum that is the constituent material of the first resistance change layer 13 and the lower electrode of the resistance change element 10.
- TaO y which is in contact with a third electrode made of a material having a standard electrode potential higher than any standard electrode potential of TaN (here, platinum (Pt)) and has an oxygen concentration higher than that of the first resistance change layer 13.
- the second variable resistance layer 12 configured by: When the voltage of the upper wiring 70 is applied higher than the voltage of the lower wiring 71 by a predetermined voltage or more, the resistance change element 10 changes in the direction of increasing resistance.
- the resistance change element 10 changes in the direction of decreasing resistance. That is, in the resistance change element 10, the second electrode, the third electrode, the first resistance change layer 13 and the second resistance change layer 12 sandwiched between them are sequentially arranged in the Z direction (stacking direction), and the second
- the structure viewed from the electrode in the direction of the third electrode and the structure viewed from the third electrode in the direction of the second electrode are asymmetric, and are high when a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage is applied to the third electrode with respect to the second electrode. It changes to a resistance state and has a characteristic of changing to a low resistance state when a voltage higher than a predetermined voltage is applied to the second electrode with reference to the third electrode.
- FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram showing a connection relationship corresponding to the structure of the variable resistance element 10, that is, an equivalent circuit diagram corresponding to the memory cell 51.
- FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram in which the relationship between the voltage and the current when the voltage is applied to the memory cell 51 having the structure of FIG. 2 with the polarity at which the upper wiring 70 is higher than the lower wiring 71 being positive is measured. It is.
- the memory cell 51 is in a high resistance state.
- a negative voltage in which the lower wiring 71 has a higher potential than the upper wiring 70 is gradually applied to the memory cell 51 from the applied voltage 0 V, a current flows from the point C, and the resistance change element has a high resistance. The change starts from the state to the low resistance state. Further, a voltage is applied in the negative direction up to the point A, but the resistance is rapidly reduced according to the applied voltage. Thereafter, the voltage is gradually applied until the applied voltage becomes 0 V while in the low resistance state.
- the point A is determined by the value of the current flowing through the resistance change element when the resistance is lowered.
- the actual measurement data shown in FIG. 5 indicates that the memory cell 51 having the structure of FIG. 2 is in a low resistance state when the voltage of the lower wiring 71 becomes higher than the predetermined voltage VLth (point C) with reference to the voltage of the upper wiring Shows a bidirectional resistance change characteristic that changes to a high resistance state when the voltage of the upper wiring 70 becomes higher than a predetermined voltage VHth (point B) with reference to the voltage of the lower wiring 71, It is shown that the applied voltage (point A) in the state and the change start voltage (point B) to the high resistance state are in a relation of voltage and current that are substantially point-symmetric.
- the resistance value in the low resistance state is a predetermined voltage that can change the resistance of the resistance change element 10 when the memory cell 51 is changed from the high resistance state to the low resistance state (the absolute value is a voltage equal to or higher than VLth).
- the absolute value is a voltage equal to or higher than VLth.
- the applied voltage and current in the low resistance state (point A) and the change start voltage and current in the high resistance state and current (point B) exhibit characteristics that are substantially point-symmetric with respect to the origin, and therefore the high resistance voltage and current Must have the same absolute value as the low resistance voltage and current (opposite polarity), or must be driven with a voltage and current that have absolute values equal to or higher than the low resistance voltage and current.
- a predetermined low resistance state is obtained by limiting the current with a predetermined current value in low resistance, whereas in high resistance, the opposite of low resistance is achieved. It is necessary for stable resistance change to apply a voltage in the direction and drive more current than when the resistance is reduced.
- the points C and D correspond to the total voltage of the threshold voltage (hereinafter referred to as VF) of the current control element 29 and the resistance change voltage of the resistance change element 10.
- VF threshold voltage
- the non-selected memory cell is controlled so that the operating point is between this point C and the point D. It is desirable to perform read and write operations of the cross-point memory cell array while reducing the leakage current to the memory cell.
- FIG. 6 shows a circuit diagram of the memory cell array 1 in which the memory cells 51 are arranged in a matrix as in FIG.
- 24 is a word line in which n wirings are arranged in parallel
- 25 is a bit line in which m wirings orthogonal to the word lines are arranged in parallel
- the memory cell 51 in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 are connected in series is located at each intersection of the word line 24 and the bit line 25, and one end of the resistance change element 10 is connected to the corresponding bit line 25.
- One end of the current control element 29 is connected to the corresponding word line 24. That is, the memory cell array 1 of FIG. 6 includes (n ⁇ m) memory cells 51 in which n memory cells 51 are arranged in the bit line direction and m memory cells 51 are arranged in the word line direction. It is configured.
- FIG. 7 schematically shows the connection relationship between a selected memory cell and a non-selected memory cell formed between a selected bit line and a selected word line as a reference in order to explain the development of the memory cell array to an array equivalent circuit. It is a so-called selected viewpoint configuration diagram.
- FIG. 6 is connected to the selected bit line BL1 and the selected word line WL1.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the configuration of FIG. 6 divided into a selected memory cell 30 and a non-selected memory cell group in the equivalent circuit of FIG. One end of the selected memory cell 30 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and the other end is connected to the selected word line WL1.
- a number of other unselected memory cells include (1) (n ⁇ 1) first unselected memory cell groups 190 in which one end of the memory cell 51 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and (2) the memory cell 51 (M-1) third unselected memory cell groups 192 having one end connected to the selected word line WL1, and (3) memory of the first unselected memory cell group 190 via a large number of unselected word line groups. (N ⁇ 1) ⁇ (m ⁇ 1) pieces connected to the other end of the cell 51 and connected to the other end of the memory cell 51 of the third unselected memory cell group 192 through a number of unselected bit line groups. The second unselected memory cell group 191.
- a bit line is also referred to as “BL” and a word line is also referred to as “WL”.
- the other end of one memory cell 51 in the first unselected memory cell group 190 is connected to one end of the memory cell 51 in the (m ⁇ 1) second unselected memory cell group 191.
- the other end of one memory cell 51 in the third unselected memory cell group 192 is connected to the other end of the memory cells 51 in the (n ⁇ 1) second unselected memory cell group 191.
- the state in which one memory cell 51 of the first unselected memory cell group 190 and (m ⁇ 1) memory cells 51 of the second unselected memory cell group 191 are connected is the first unselected memory cell group 190. Since there are a plurality of similar relationships between the second unselected memory cell group 191 and the second unselected memory cell group 191, each node of the unselected word line group has substantially the same voltage.
- the state in which one memory cell 51 of the third non-selected memory cell group 192 and (n ⁇ 1) memory cells 51 of the second non-selected memory cell group 191 are connected is the third non-selected memory cell. Since there are a plurality of similar relationships between the group 192 and the second unselected memory cell group 191, each node of the unselected bit line group has substantially the same voltage.
- FIG. 7 shows an equivalent circuit degenerated in this way.
- one end of the selected memory cell 30 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and the other end is connected to the selected word line WL1.
- the first non-selected memory cell 193 is equivalent to the first non-selected memory cell group 190, and the number of parallel is (n ⁇ 1).
- the second non-selected memory cell 194 is equivalent to the second non-selected memory cell group 191 and has a parallel number of (n ⁇ 1) ⁇ (m ⁇ 1).
- the third non-selected memory cell 195 is equivalent to the third non-selected memory cell group 192, and the number of parallel is (m ⁇ 1).
- the first unselected memory cell 193, the second unselected memory cell 194, and the third unselected memory cell 195 are connected in series.
- the other terminal of the first unselected memory cell 193 not connected to the second unselected memory cell 194 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and the other terminal of the third unselected memory cell 195 not connected to the second unselected memory cell 194 is connected.
- a terminal is connected to the selected word line WL1.
- An intermediate node connecting the first unselected memory cell 193 and the second unselected memory cell 194 is an unselected word line NSWL, and an intermediate node connecting the second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cell 195. Is an unselected bit line NSBL.
- an equivalent circuit showing the relationship between the selected memory cell and the unselected memory cell in the cross-point memory cell array shown in FIG. 6 is as shown in FIG.
- the read characteristics of an arbitrary selected memory cell in the cross-point memory cell array will be described with respect to the IV characteristics of the selected memory cell as well as the so-called IV characteristics of the leakage current that flows through the non-selected memory cells.
- the description of the IV characteristics for such a memory cell array will be made using the equivalent circuit of FIG. 8 for the sake of simplicity.
- FIG. 9 shows a sense amplifier for a 1-bit selected memory cell when the non-selected word line and the non-selected bit line are in a high impedance state (hereinafter referred to as Hi-z state) with respect to the equivalent circuit of the memory cell array of FIG. It is a state block diagram which shows the state about the case where it reads by (1).
- reference numeral 197 denotes a power source for sensing at the time of reading, and this power source for sensing 197 generates a voltage VSA as a voltage for reading (sense voltage).
- Reference numeral 196 denotes a current detection circuit having one end connected to the sense power source 197 and the other end connected to the selected bit line BL1. The current detection circuit 196 senses a so-called selected memory cell for determining 0 data or 1 data. It is an amplifier.
- a ground (GND) voltage 0 V is electrically connected to the selected word line WL1.
- a non-selected word line (WL) group connecting the first non-selected memory cell 193 and the second non-selected memory cell 194 is NW point, and its state is Hi-z.
- the state of the non-selected bit line (BL) group that connects the second non-selected memory cell 194 and the third non-selected memory cell 195 is also Hi-z. Needless to say, one end of the selected memory cell 30 is connected to the selected bit line BL1, and the other end is connected to the selected word line WL1.
- the voltage VSA of the sense power supply 197 is applied to the selected bit line BL1 in FIG. 9 (assuming that the impedance of the current detection circuit 196 is extremely equal to 0 ⁇ ), and GND is applied to the selected word line WL1.
- the current Isel flows from the selected bit line BL1 to the selected word line WL1 in the selected memory cell 30, the current Ib_nw flowing from the selected bit line BL1 flows in the first unselected memory cell 193, and the second The current Inw_w flowing out to the selected word line WL1 flows through the non-selected memory cell 194 and the third non-selected memory cell 195, and the current Isel flowing through the selected memory cell 30 and the first non-selected memory cell flow through the current detection circuit 196.
- Current Iswl which is the sum of the current Inw_w flowing through the current Isel and second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cells 195 flowing to Le 30 flows.
- the sense current Isen flowing through the current detection circuit 196 is expressed by the following formula 1.
- Isen Isel + Ib_nw Formula 1
- the current Iswl flowing into the GND terminal is expressed by the following formula 2.
- Iswl Isel + Inw_w Equation 2
- Fig. 10 shows the voltage-current characteristics (IV characteristics) of this memory cell array.
- the horizontal axis represents the voltage applied to each cell
- the vertical axis represents the current flowing through each cell.
- Characteristic lines are a current Isel flowing through the selected memory cell 30, a current Ib_nw flowing through the first unselected memory cell 193, and a current Inw_w flowing through the second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cell 195, respectively.
- the resistance state of the two resistance states is a high resistance state (HR) and a low resistance state (LR) (in a non-selected memory cell, two resistance states when the resistance state of all the resistance change elements is high resistance and low resistance. A total of six lines are drawn.
- the resistance value in the high resistance state of the variable resistance element here is assumed to be one digit higher than the resistance value in the low resistance state.
- LR low resistance state
- HR high resistance state
- LR white triangle
- Ib_nw and Inw_w is represented by a black triangle
- Ib_nw and Inw_w are represented by black circles when all non-selected memory cells are in a high resistance state (HR).
- each characteristic line shown in FIG. 10 is created under the following conditions. That is, the characteristics of the selected memory cell 30 are Isel (HR) when the resistance value of the variable resistance element is in the high resistance state when the sense voltage is VSA, and Isel (LR) when the resistance value is in the low resistance state.
- the characteristic of the first non-selected memory cell 193 is that when the voltage applied to the selected bit line BL1 is VSA, the first non-selected memory when the voltage of the non-selected WL group (NW point) is swung from 0 to VSA.
- the current Ib_nw flowing through the cell 193 represents the case where all the resistance change elements of the first non-selected memory cell 193 are in the high resistance state (HR) and the low resistance state (LR).
- the combined characteristics of the second non-selected memory cell 194 and the third non-selected memory cell 195 are obtained when the voltage of the non-selected WL group (NW point) is varied from 0 to VSA with reference to the voltage 0 V of the selected word line WL1.
- all the resistance change elements represent the high resistance state (HR) and the low resistance state (LR), respectively. That is, the characteristic of the non-selected memory cell represents a case where the voltage of the non-selected word line group (NW point) is varied with the voltage of the selected bit line BL1 or the selected word line WL1 as a reference.
- the current Isel of the selected memory cell 30 is Isel (HR) when the resistance change element is in the high resistance state, whereas it is Isel (LR) when the resistance change element is in the low resistance state.
- the current flowing through the memory cell varies depending on the resistance state of the resistance change element of the non-selected memory cell, becomes substantially Ihz, and is considerably larger than 10 times Isel (HR). Therefore, the sense current Isen of the current detection circuit 196 is Isel (HR) when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the high resistance state and all the resistance change elements of the non-selected memory cells are in the low resistance state.
- the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the low resistance state and all the resistance change elements of the non-selected memory cells are in the high resistance state, Isel (LR) + Ib_nw1.
- the ratio of the current Isel (LR) in the low resistance state to the current Isel (HR) in the high resistance state of the current Isel of the selected memory cell 30 is 3.2 times, whereas the ratio of the sense current Isen It can be seen that the ratio of the current (Isel (LR) + Ib_nw1) to the current (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw2) is 1.1 times, which is about 1/3 of the sense current ratio of only the selected memory cell.
- the current ratio of the sense current Isen is the worst value of the current ratio of the sense current Isen when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell is in the high resistance state and the low resistance state, and is read in the cross-point type resistance change nonvolatile memory device. Corresponds to the margin.
- Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-228688 discloses that, during reading, as an effort to improve reading efficiency, voltage is applied to each of the non-selected WL group and the non-selected BL group.
- the current amount of the selected memory cell 30 is determined by the current detection circuit 196 connected to the bit line side, so that most of the current Isen flowing through the current detection circuit 196 becomes the current Isel of the selected memory cell 30. Therefore, the leakage current Ib_nw flowing out from the selected bit line BL1 via the first unselected memory cell 193 may be reduced. Therefore, the voltage to the non-selected line for improving the reading efficiency may be applied only to the non-selected WL group of the first non-selected memory cell 193.
- FIG. 11 shows an equivalent circuit in the case where a voltage is applied to the unselected word line in order to improve the reading efficiency with respect to the reading equivalent circuit of FIG.
- 198 is a power source for non-selected word lines, and this power source for unselected word lines 198 is connected to a non-selected WL group (NW point) and generates a voltage VNW.
- NW point non-selected WL group
- the voltage VNW of the unselected word line power supply 198 is equal to or lower than the voltage VSA of the sense power supply 197. That is, VNW ⁇ VSA.
- FIG. 12 shows voltage-current characteristics (IV characteristics) at the time of reading in the equivalent circuit of FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the voltage applied to each cell
- the vertical axis represents the current flowing through each cell
- the characteristic lines described are the same as those in FIG.
- the voltage VNW is applied from the non-selected word line power supply 198 to the non-selected WL group (NW point)
- the characteristic line in this figure is different from the operating point in FIG.
- the cell current Isel is Isel (HR) when the resistance value of the variable resistance element is in the high resistance state, and Isel (LR) when the resistance value is in the low resistance state. It becomes.
- the characteristic line of the first non-selected memory cell 193 and the characteristic line of the second non-selected memory cell 194 and the third non-selected memory cell 195 shown in FIG. 12 are the same as those in FIG. That is, the two groups of non-selected memory cell characteristic lines separated at the NW point represent a case where the voltage of the non-selected word line group (NW point) is changed with the voltage of the selected bit line BL1 or the selected word line WL1 as a reference. .
- the non-selected word line power source 198 is connected to the non-selected WL group (NW point) and the voltage VNW is applied, so the current Ib_nw and the current Inw_w
- the operating point is a point shifted to the high voltage side from the operating point when the non-selected WL group shown in FIG. 10 is Hi-z.
- the currents at the operating points of the currents Ib_nw and Inw_w are Ib_nw1 and Inw_w1, respectively, when the resistance change elements of all the unselected memory cells are in the high resistance state (HR), while the resistances of all the unselected memory cells are When the change element is in the low resistance state (LR), Ib_nw2 and Inw_w2, respectively.
- the values of Ib_nw1 and Ib_nw2 are substantially equal.
- the current Isel flowing through the selected memory cell 30 is Isel (HR) when the variable resistance element is in the high resistance state, and Isel (LR) when the variable resistance element is in the low resistance state, whereas the current flowing through the unselected memory cell. Fluctuates depending on the resistance state of the variable resistance element of the non-selected memory cell, and is between Ib_nw1 and Ib_nw2. Therefore, the sense current Isen of the current detection circuit 196 is Isel (HR) when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the high resistance state and all the resistance change elements of the non-selected memory cells are in the low resistance state.
- Isel (LR) + Ib_nw1 the ratio of the low resistance state current (Isel (LR)) to the high resistance state current (Isel (HR)) of the current Isel of the selected memory cell 30 is 3.2 times, while the sense current Isen current ( The ratio of current (Isel (LR) + Ib_nw1) to Isel (HR) + Ib_nw2) is 1.98 times, a decrease of about two-thirds.
- the configuration in which the voltage is applied to the non-selected word line group (NW point) is based on the premise that the applied voltage VNW is stabilized in any case.
- the voltage VNW fluctuates due to variations due to the above. Assuming that about 10% of the voltage VNW fluctuates, as shown in FIG. 12, the touch width fluctuates by the width ⁇ VNW with the VNW at the center. At this time, the unselected memory cell current Inw_w fluctuates by ⁇ Inw_w1, and Ib_nw is (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw3) or more (Isel (HR) when the resistance change elements of all the unselected memory cells are in the high resistance state (HR).
- the sense current Isen of the current detection circuit 196 is calculated from the above equation 1 when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the high resistance state and all the resistance change elements of the unselected memory cells are in the low resistance state (Isel (HR ) + Ib_nw3) or more and (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw4) or less, on the other hand, when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the low resistance state and all the resistance change elements of the non-selected memory cells are in the high resistance state (Isel (LR) + Ib_nw3) to (Isel (LR) + Ib_nw4).
- the worst sense currents for distinguishing the high resistance state and the low resistance state of the selected memory cell 30 are the maximum values of the sense current Isen when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the high resistance state (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw4).
- the ratio of (Isel (LR) + Ib_nw3) to (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw4) is 1.42 times.
- the current ratio of the sense current Isen is reduced to 1.42 times. This is thought to be due to the fact that the current characteristics of the memory cells due to the diode change exponentially with respect to the voltage, so that the current of the unselected memory cell group fluctuates sensitively to the voltage change. It is done.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a configuration in which a voltage is applied to a non-selected WL group (NW point) as a measure for improving the reading efficiency, but the current change characteristic is steep with respect to voltage fluctuation.
- NW point non-selected WL group
- the present invention is a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device using memory cells whose current characteristics are sensitive to voltage, and expands an actual read margin in consideration of variations in electric signals such as applied voltage.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a nonvolatile memory device capable of stable reading.
- the present invention also provides a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device capable of stable operation with respect to the problem of generation of electromagnetic noise (EMI) due to a change in current flowing into a selected word line via a non-selected cell. It is also intended to provide.
- EMI electromagnetic noise
- one form of the cross-point type resistance change nonvolatile memory device is a resistance change element that reversibly transitions between at least two states of a low resistance state and a high resistance state by applying voltages having different polarities.
- a plurality of bidirectional current control elements having a non-linear current-voltage characteristic connected in series to the variable resistance element, wherein each of the memory cells includes a plurality of bit lines extending in the X direction.
- a cross-point type memory cell array formed at intersections with a plurality of word lines extending in the Y direction, and at least one bit line is selected from the plurality of bit lines, and at least one bit line is selected from the plurality of word lines.
- a decoder circuit for selecting at least one memory cell from the memory cell array and a selected memory cell
- a read circuit that reads data; a first current source that supplies a first constant current; and a control circuit that controls reading of data from a selected memory cell, wherein the control circuit includes the read circuit
- a first voltage which is a voltage for reading output from the read circuit is applied to a selected bit line which is a bit line selected by the decoder circuit, and the word selected by the decoder circuit
- the decoder circuit, the read so as to apply a second voltage to a selected word line that is a line and supply the first constant current to an unselected word line that is not selected by the decoder circuit
- the circuit and the first current source are controlled.
- non-selected word line current application method variation in the current applied to the non-selected word line is smaller than in the conventional constant voltage application method, so that the selected word line is connected to the selected word line via the non-selected cell. Stable operation is also possible with respect to the problem of generation of electromagnetic noise (EMI) due to changes in the inflowing current.
- EMI electromagnetic noise
- the read circuit and the first current source may be connected to the same power supply that supplies a predetermined voltage at least when reading the data.
- the read circuit and the first current source are configured using a single sense power supply for the read circuit, and the non-selected word line current application method according to the present invention is realized with a simple circuit.
- the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device further selectively selects one of the first voltage and the third precharge voltage prior to data reading as a bit line selected by the decoder circuit.
- a first switch circuit connected to the first switch circuit, a second switch circuit selectively connecting one of the second voltage and the third voltage to the word line selected by the decoder circuit, and the first switch circuit And a third switch circuit for selectively connecting any one of the constant current and the third voltage to a word line not selected by the decoder circuit.
- the control circuit supplies the third voltage to the selected bit line via the first switch circuit, and supplies the second switch circuit to the selected word line.
- the first to third switch circuits are controlled such that the third voltage is supplied via the third switch and the third voltage is supplied to the unselected word line via the third switch circuit.
- the first voltage is supplied to the selected bit line via the first switch circuit, and the second voltage is supplied to the selected word line via the second switch circuit. It is preferable to control the first to third switch circuits so that the first constant current is supplied to the unselected word lines via the third switch circuit. Thereby, precharge prior to data reading is realized, and more reliable data reading is possible.
- the third voltage supplied to the non-selected word line in the first step is determined by the current from the first current source supplied in the second step. Preferably it is approximately equal to the voltage. As a result, fluctuations in the voltage level of the non-selected word line when switching from the first step to the second step is suppressed, and more stable data reading becomes possible.
- the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device includes a plurality of the memory cell arrays, and the decoder circuit includes a word line decoder circuit that selects a predetermined word line from the plurality of memory cell arrays, and the word A word line pre-decoder circuit that controls supply of voltage or current to the word line selected by the line decoder circuit, and the first current source supplies the first constant current to the word line pre-decoder circuit.
- the word line predecoder circuit may be connected to the first constant current or the third voltage via the third switch circuit. As a result, a constant current from the first current source is applied to the unselected word lines via the third switch circuit and the word line predecoder circuit, and the unselected word line current application method is easily realized.
- the readout circuit includes a first PMOS transistor, a second PMOS transistor, a second current source for passing a second constant current, and a differential detection circuit
- the differential detection circuit includes: A first input terminal and a second input terminal are provided, the voltage at the first input terminal is compared with a reference voltage connected to the second input terminal, and the magnitude is output as a logic signal.
- the first PMOS transistor has a source terminal, a gate terminal, and a drain terminal, the source terminal is connected to the first voltage, the gate terminal is connected to the drain terminal, and the drain terminal Is connected to the selected bit line via the first switch circuit
- the second PMOS transistor has a source terminal, a gate terminal, and a drain terminal, and the source terminal is the first terminal.
- the gate terminal is connected to the gate terminal of the first PMOS transistor, the drain terminal is connected to one terminal of the second current source, and the other terminal of the second current source is connected.
- the terminal may be connected to a GND voltage, and the first input terminal of the differential detection circuit may be connected to the drain terminal of the second PMOS transistor.
- the memory cell formed at the intersection of the word line above the bit line and the bit line is an odd layer memory cell, and the word line and the bit below are seen from the bit line.
- the memory cells formed at the intersections with the lines are memory cells of even layers, and are configured for each of the plurality of bit line groups arranged in the Z direction, which is the direction in which the layers overlap, and are arranged in the Y direction.
- each of the plurality of XZ planes is a vertical array plane
- each of the vertical array planes has the plurality of word lines that vertically penetrate each of the vertical array planes.
- the bit lines in all even layers are connected in common with the first via connected in the Z direction, and the bit lines in all odd layers are connected in common with the second via connected in the Z direction.
- the variable resistance nonvolatile memory device further includes a global bit line provided for each of the plurality of vertical array planes, and a plurality of second bit lines provided for each of the vertical array planes and having one end connected to the first via.
- One bit line selection switch element and a plurality of second bit line selection switch elements provided for each of the vertical array planes, one end of which is connected to the second via, and each of the vertical array planes;
- the other end of the first bit line selection switch element corresponding to the vertical array plane and the other end of the second bit line selection switch element corresponding to the vertical array plane and the global bit corresponding to the vertical array plane A bidirectional current flowing between the first bit line selection switch element and the second bit line selection switch element and the global bit line.
- the read circuit may read data from a memory cell selected by the global bit line decoder / driver, the word line decoder, and the word line predecoder.
- the present invention can be realized not only as a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device but also as a reading method thereof.
- a resistance change element that reversibly transitions between at least two states of a low resistance state and a high resistance state by applying voltages having different polarities, and the resistance change element connected in series
- a plurality of memory cells having bidirectional current control elements having nonlinear current-voltage characteristics are arranged, and each of the memory cells includes a plurality of bit lines extending in the X direction, and a plurality of word lines extending in the Y direction.
- a cross-point type variable resistance nonvolatile memory device comprising a cross-point type memory cell array formed at the intersection point of the memory cell array, wherein the memory cell array selects at least one bit line from the plurality of bit lines. Selecting at least one memory cell from the memory cell array by selecting at least one word line from the plurality of word lines.
- a decoding step for selecting data a reading step for reading data from the selected memory cell, and for reading the data to the selected bit line, which is the bit line selected in the decoding step, when reading data from the selected memory cell
- the second voltage is applied to the selected word line that is the word line selected in the decoding step, and the second voltage is applied to the non-selected word line that is not selected in the decoding step.
- Current supply step for supplying one constant current.
- the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device is characterized in that a constant current is applied to an unselected word instead of a constant voltage (non-selected word line current application method). Therefore, first, it will be described that by applying a constant current to an unselected word line, the actual read margin is expanded and stable reading is possible.
- FIG. 13 shows an equivalent circuit in the case where a current is applied to an unselected word line in order to improve the reading efficiency with respect to the reading equivalent circuit of FIG.
- reference numeral 199 denotes an unselected word line current source, and this unselected word line current source 199 generates a constant current (first current) Inswl in the unselected WL group (NW point). It is an example of the 1st current source concerning an invention.
- One end of the non-selected word line current source 199 is connected to the non-selected WL group (NW point), and the other end is connected to the same sense power source 197 as the power source of the current detection circuit 196.
- the maximum voltage of the non-selected WL group (NW point) is the voltage VSA of the sense power supply 197.
- the scale of other components and the memory cell array is the same as in FIG.
- the voltage VSA of the sense power supply 197 is applied to the selected bit line BL1 (assuming that the impedance of the current detection circuit 196 is extremely equal to 0 ⁇ ), and the selected word line WL1 is connected to the GND terminal 189. Has been.
- a current Isel flows from the selected bit line BL1 to the selected word line WL1 in the selected memory cell 30, and a current Ib_nw flowing from the selected bit line BL1 flows in the first unselected memory cell 193, and the current for the unselected word line
- a current Inswl is supplied from the source 199, and the current Ib_nw flowing through the first unselected memory cell 193 and the current from the unselected word line current source 199 are supplied to the second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cell 195.
- Current Isen flows, and the selected memory cell 30 is connected to the GND terminal.
- Current Isel current Iswl which is the sum of the current Inw_w flowing through the second non-selected memory cells 194, and a third non-selected memory cell 195 flows through.
- the sense current Isen flowing through the current detection circuit 196 is as shown in the above equation 1.
- the current Inw_w flowing through the second unselected memory cell 194 and the third unselected memory cell 195 is equal to the current Ib_nw flowing through the first unselected memory cell 193 and the current Inswl from the current source 199 for the unselected word line. Since the total current flows, the following equation is obtained.
- Inw_w Ib_nw + Inswl Equation 4
- the current Inswl from the non-selected word line current source 199 in the present invention can be set to an arbitrary amount of current, and as a result, other than the current Inswl from the non-selected word line current source 199 shown in Equation 4 above.
- the amount of current changes in accordance with the set current of the current Inswl from the non-selected word line current source 199 (the unselected WL group (NW point according to the set current of the current Inswl from the non-selected word line current source 199). ) Changes, the current Ib_nw flowing through the first non-selected memory cell 193 also changes).
- FIG. 14 shows voltage-current characteristics (IV characteristics) at the time of reading in the equivalent circuit of the unselected word line current application method of FIG.
- the horizontal axis represents the voltage applied to each cell
- the vertical axis represents the current flowing through each cell
- the characteristic lines described are the same as those in FIG. 10.
- the current Inswl from the non-selected word line current source 199 is applied to the non-selected WL group (NW point)
- the characteristic line in this figure is different from the operating point in FIG.
- the cell current Isel is Isel (HR) when the resistance value of the resistance change element is in the high resistance state, and Isel (LR) when the resistance value is in the low resistance state.
- the resistance change element of the memory cell is in an extreme state, that is, the resistance change elements of all the memory cells Detailed operating point states will be described with reference to FIG. 15A and FIG. 15B which are divided into a high resistance state and a low resistance state.
- FIG. 15 is a figure which shows an operating point about the case where all the resistance change elements in FIG. 14 are a high resistance state.
- FIG. 15B is a diagram showing operating points when all the resistance change elements in FIG. 14 are in a low resistance state.
- the applied current Inswl from the unselected word line current source 199 is preferably stabilized in any case, but in general, due to variations in circuit element manufacturing, external power supply noise, etc.,
- the current Ib_nw flowing through the cell 193 varies in the range of Ib_nw11 or more and Ib_nw13 or less.
- the sense current Isen of the current detection circuit 196 is calculated from the above equation (1) when (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw14) when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the high resistance state and all the resistance change elements of the unselected memory cells are in the low resistance state. ) And (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw16) or less.
- Isel (LR) + Ib_nw11) when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the low resistance state and all the resistance change elements of the non-selected memory cells are in the high resistance state.
- the worst sense currents for distinguishing the high resistance state and the low resistance state of the selected memory cell 30 are the maximum values of the sense current Isen when the resistance change element of the selected memory cell 30 is in the high resistance state (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw16).
- the ratio of the sense current of (Isel (LR) + Ib_nw11) to (Isel (HR) + Ib_nw16) is 1.78 times.
- the current ratio of the sense current Isen in the non-selected word line current application method of the present invention is 1.78 times even when 10% variation of the applied current Inswl is taken into consideration. This is a value better than the current ratio 1.42 times of the sense current Isen of the method of applying a voltage to the unselected word line of FIG. 11, and the unselected word line current of the present invention is higher than the unselected word line voltage application method.
- the application method means that the state of the selected memory cell can be easily read (that is, the read margin is large). That is, it can be seen that the non-selected word line current application method according to the present invention increases the actual read margin in consideration of variations in the applied electric signal, and enables stable reading.
- the variation ⁇ Inw_w2 of the current Inw_w applied to the unselected word line group (NW point) is substantially equal to ⁇ Inswl
- the variation of the current Inw_w in the unselected word line voltage application method ( ⁇ Inw_w1 in FIG. 12) is 5 minutes.
- EMI electromagnetic noise
- 16A shows a current ratio represented by Isen (LR) / Isen (HR) with respect to leakage current Ib_nw flowing through all unselected memory cells connected on the selected bit line (that is, when an HR cell including leakage current is selected).
- 10 is a graph showing a current ratio of a sense current and a sense current when an LR cell is selected.
- FIG. 16A (b) is a graph showing the sense current Isen with respect to the leakage current Ib_nw flowing through all the unselected memory cells connected on the selected bit line.
- the current ratio between the sense current when selecting the HR cell including the leakage current and the sense current when selecting the LR cell is preferably 1.5 times or more from the viewpoint of readability (however, It is difficult to specify a number because it depends on the performance of the sense amplifier.)
- a leakage current is added to the selected memory cell current (Isel (HR), point s) when the variable resistance element is in the high resistance state.
- the current (point p) corresponding to the selected memory cell current (Isel (LR)) when the resistance change element is in the low resistance state the current flowing through the single LR cell is equal to the HR cell current including the leakage current.
- the current ratio is about 1.6 (r point in FIG. 16A (a)) which is about half of the current ratio of the selected cell alone (about 3.2 in FIG. 16A (a)).
- the applied current Inswl21 obtained here is the minimum current. Accordingly, in this case, the non-selected WL application current Inswl is preferably at least Inswl21, and can be determined to be set to a current value higher than that.
- FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell when memory cells 51 used in a cross-point memory cell array are stacked in a two-layer structure (the structure of the memory cell 51 in each layer is the same as that in FIG. 2 or FIG. For the sake of simplicity, the structure of FIG. 2 is used).
- the memory cell 51 has a configuration in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 are connected in series to form one bit, and is configured by two layers in which the memory cell 51 is stacked on the upper and lower layers.
- the lower terminal of the first layer memory cell is connected to one bit line 71
- the upper terminal of the first layer memory cell is connected to the word line 70
- the lower terminal of the second layer memory cell is connected to the word line 70.
- the upper terminal of the second layer memory cell is connected to the other bit line 71. That is, the word line 70 is arranged between the first layer memory cell and the second layer memory cell, the word line 70 is connected to the upper terminal of the first layer memory cell, and the second layer memory cell lower terminal. Connected shared configuration.
- the positional relationship between the current control element 29 and the resistance change element 10 may be upside down.
- FIG. 18 shows a diagrammatic representation of the memory cell 51.
- Memory cell 51 is represented by a diagram showing a structure in which resistance change element 10 and current control element 29 are connected in series.
- the resistance change element 10 specifies the direction of the second resistance change layer 12 located on the upper electrode 11 side, the direction is shown in black. . That is, in FIG. 18, when a positive voltage is applied to the wiring 70 with respect to the wiring 71, the resistance change element 10 increases in resistance, and conversely, when a positive voltage is applied to the wiring 71 with respect to the wiring 70, 10 lowers the resistance.
- FIG. 19 shows a part (one vertical array surface) of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present embodiment, and shows a multilayer cross-point memory cell array in which memory cells are stacked in the same form as FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram illustrating a cross-sectional structure of a memory cell array viewed from the word line direction and a circuit configuration disposed in a lower layer portion thereof.
- the first layer bit line 53a is made of a wiring material such as aluminum and is arranged to extend in the horizontal direction (X direction) on the paper surface, and is made of a wiring material such as aluminum and is perpendicular to the paper surface (Y direction: Y direction: A memory cell 51 is arranged at an intersection with the first layer word line 52a arranged to extend (not shown). The memory cells 51 are arranged on the first layer bit line 53a by n bits along the X direction to form a first layer memory cell 51a.
- the upper layer (Z direction) of the first layer memory cell 51a is now made of a wiring material such as aluminum with the first layer word line 52a down, and extends in the horizontal direction (X direction) of the paper surface.
- the second layer bit line 53b is disposed at the intersection, and the memory cell 51 is disposed at the intersection of the first layer word line 52a and the second layer bit line 53b.
- the memory cells 51 are arranged in n bits along the X direction on the second layer bit line 53b, and constitute the second layer memory cell 51b.
- the first layer memory cell 51a and the second layer memory cell 51b constitute a three-dimensional memory cell array in which two layers of memory cells 51 are stacked.
- each memory cell 51 extends in the X direction and has a plurality of bit lines 53a to 53b formed in a plurality of layers, and extends in the Y direction, and has a first layer bit line 53a and a second layer bit line 53b.
- bit lines 53a to 53b formed in a plurality of layers, and extends in the Y direction, and has a first layer bit line 53a and a second layer bit line 53b.
- the memory cell formed at the intersection point with the upper word line when viewed from the bit line is called an odd-numbered layer (first layer) memory cell (here, the first layer memory cell 51a), and the bit A memory cell formed at the intersection point with the word line below the line is referred to as an even layer (second layer) memory cell (here, second layer memory cell 51b).
- the first layer bit line 53a is commonly connected by an odd layer bit line via (odd layer BL via) 55 which is an example of the second via, and the second layer bit line 53b is an example of the first via. They are commonly connected by a certain even layer bit line via (even layer BL via) 54.
- odd layer bit line via odd layer BL via
- even layer bit line even layer BL via
- the resistance change element 10 in the memory cell 51 can be formed with the same structure and manufacturing conditions in the Z direction (
- the second electrode 21 can be formed on the lower layer side
- the first variable resistance layer 13 can be formed thereon
- the second variable resistance layer 12 can be formed thereon
- the third electrode 11 can be formed thereon.
- a memory cell having the same structure can be manufactured regardless of whether the memory cell is in an odd layer or an even layer.
- the variable resistance element 10 constituting the even-numbered memory cell and the variable resistance element 10 constituting the odd-numbered memory cell are arranged in the same direction with respect to the Z direction.
- the even layer bit line via 54 is connected to one of a drain and a source of an even layer bit line selection switch element 57 which is an example of a first bit line selection switch element formed of an NMOS transistor.
- the odd layer bit line via 55 is connected to one of the drain and the source of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 which is an example of a second bit line selection switch element formed of an NMOS transistor.
- the other of the drain and the source of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and the other of the drain and the source of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 are commonly connected to a common contact (GBLI).
- the gate of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is connected to the even layer bit line selection signal line
- the gate of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is connected to the odd layer bit line selection signal line.
- the common contact GBLI is connected to one of the drain and the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 configured by an NMOS transistor, and is further connected to one of the drain and the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 configured by a PMOS transistor. It is connected.
- the other of the drain and the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 is connected to the global bit line 56 (GBL), and the other of the drain and the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 is also connected to the global bit line 56 (GBL). ing.
- a bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 is configured to limit each bidirectional current flowing between them.
- the signal line connected to the node CMN is connected to the gate of the N-type current limiting element 90, and the signal line connected to the node CMP is connected to the gate of the P-type current limiting element 91.
- the present invention is a technology related to reading, and in the reading mode, the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 are always on, so that the voltage of the signal applied from the node CMP and the node CMN to each gate is , CMP is 0V and CMN is VSA.
- the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 function as current limiting elements during a write operation.
- FIG. 20 shows a configuration diagram when four vertical array surfaces are arranged so that the surfaces are aligned.
- the direction in which the bit lines extend is defined as the X direction
- the direction in which the word lines extend is defined as the Y direction
- the direction in which the bit line and word line layers overlap is defined as the Z direction.
- the bit line (BL) extends in the X direction, and is formed in a plurality of layers (two layers in FIG. 20).
- the word line (WL) extends in the Y direction and is formed in a layer (one layer in FIG. 20) between the bit lines.
- each memory cell (MC) 51 is sandwiched between the bit line and the word line at the intersection of the bit line and the word line. For simplification of the drawing, a part of the memory cell 51 and a part of the word line are not shown.
- each group of bit lines BL arranged in the Z direction four vertical array planes 0 to 3 are configured by the memory cells 51 formed between the word lines WL.
- the word line (WL) is common.
- the memory cell array 100 includes four vertical array planes 0 to 3 arranged in the Y direction.
- the number of memory cells on the vertical array surface and the number of vertical array surfaces arranged in the Y direction are not limited to this.
- even-numbered bit lines BL are connected in common by even-numbered bit line vias 54 in FIG. 19 (BL_e0 to BL_e3), and odd-numbered bit lines BL are shown in FIG. 19 are commonly connected by odd-numbered bit line vias 55 (BL_o0 to BL_o3).
- the even layer bit line via 54 is an example of a first via that connects all the even layer bit lines in the Z direction.
- the odd layer bit line via 55 is an example of a second via that connects all the odd layer bit lines in the Z direction.
- global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 provided corresponding to the vertical array surfaces 0 to 3 are formed extending in the Y direction.
- odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are provided for each vertical array plane 0 to 3.
- the even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are provided for each vertical array surface, and a plurality of first bit line selection switch elements having one end connected to the first via (even layer bit line via 54). It is an example.
- the odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 are provided for each vertical array surface, and a plurality of second bit line selection switch elements having one end connected to the second via (odd layer bit line via 55). It is an example.
- the odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and the even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are configured by NMOS transistors.
- an odd-numbered layer bit line selection switch element in which N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 constituted by NMOS transistors and P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97 constituted by PMOS transistors are related.
- 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 and the associated global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 are odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 drain or source diffusion layer terminals.
- the gate terminals of the N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 are commonly connected to the control voltage node CMN, and the gate terminals of the P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97 are commonly connected to the control voltage node CMP. Is done. Further, the voltages of the node CMN and the node CMP can be set to a state in which the current limiting elements connected to each of them are turned on at the time of reading.
- the odd-numbered bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 are related to the vertical array plane via the N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 and the P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97, respectively.
- the electrical connection or disconnection between the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 and the odd-numbered bit lines BL_o0 to BL_o3 connected in common on the vertical array surface is controlled according to the odd-numbered bit line selection signal BLs_o0.
- the even-numbered bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are connected to the vertical array surface via the associated N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 and P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97, respectively.
- the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 and the even-numbered bit lines BL_e0 to BL_e3 connected in common on the vertical array plane are electrically connected or disconnected according to the even-numbered bit line selection signal BLs_e0. To do.
- the vertical array planes 0 to 3 can be formed by the memory cells 51 formed in the same structure with respect to the Z-direction structure of the resistance change element 10 in any memory cell layer.
- the even-numbered bit line 53b and the odd-numbered bit line 53a are commonly connected by independent vias (even-numbered-layer bit line via 54 and odd-numbered-layer bit line via 55).
- FIG. 21 is a circuit diagram showing the memory cell array 100 of FIG. 20 and its peripheral circuits.
- each memory cell formed by serial connection of the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 is a square having a white area and a black area for convenience. It is shown in the figure.
- a global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98 is a circuit that supplies a signal for selecting a memory cell 51 to each of the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003, and selectively drives and controls the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003. To do.
- the current limit control circuit 99 is a circuit that controls the bidirectional current limit circuit 920.
- the N-type current limit elements 90, 92, 94, and 96 are used.
- the P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, and 97 are all activated to the on state.
- the current limit control circuit 99 is a circuit that controls the bidirectional current limit circuit 920, and at the time of read operation, a pair of N-type current limit elements 90, 92, 94, 96 and a P-type current limit element This is a control circuit that turns ON both 91, 93, 95, and 97, and the output voltages VCMN and VCMP for the node CMN and the node CMP are sufficient so as not to limit the amount of current with respect to the read pulse even in the read mode. A high voltage VCMN and a sufficiently low voltage VCMP are generated.
- the sub bit line selection circuit 73 is a circuit for controlling the odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and the even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68, and the even layer bit line selection signal according to the address signals A0 to Ax.
- BLs_e0 and odd layer bit line selection signal BLs_o0 are output.
- the word line decoder circuit 74 is a decoder switch circuit that selectively supplies a signal for selecting the memory cell 51 to each of the word lines WL00000 to WL00031 according to the address signal Ay.
- the word line predecoder circuit 111 is a predecoder circuit that selectively supplies and controls the predecode signals GWL0 to GWL31 according to the address signal Ay. An arbitrary word line is selected and controlled to a predetermined state by the predecode signals GWL0 to GWL31 of the word line predecoder circuit 111 and the switch selection state of the word line decoder circuit 74.
- the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 98, the sub bit line selection circuit 73, the word line decoder circuit 74, and the word line predecoder circuit 111 make it possible to use at least one bit line from the plurality of bit lines.
- a decoder circuit is configured to select at least one memory cell from the memory cell array 100 by selecting at least one word line from a plurality of word lines.
- FIG. 22 is a circuit diagram showing a main part 300 of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the present embodiment.
- the memory cell array 100 is a memory cell array of n bits in the X (bit line) direction and 4 bits in the Y (word line) direction.
- the memory cell array block 250 is a unit block, and the memory cell array 200 has a configuration in which 16 memory cell array blocks 250 are arranged.
- the word line decoder circuit 103 (the word line decoder circuit 74 in FIG. 21) selects an arbitrary memory cell array block according to the block selection signal BLKj (where j is an integer from 0 to 15), and selects the selected memory cell array block.
- the predecode signal GWLi is output to n word lines. That is, the n word lines of the block selected by the block selection signal BLKj are directly controlled by the signals of the predecode signals GWL0 to GWL31. Details of this configuration will be described later using separate detailed drawings.
- the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102 is a circuit that selects memory cells and supplies signals for writing and reading to a plurality of global bit lines. Specifically, the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102 selects a selected block by a block selection signal BLKj.
- a global bit line group (here, global bit lines GBLj0 to GBLj3, where j is 00 to 15) is selected, and the selected global bit lines GBLj0 to GBLj3 are driven and controlled according to the write or read mode.
- the current limit control circuit 104 applies voltages VCMNj and VCMPj (j is an integer from 0 to 15) for controlling the bidirectional current limit circuit 920 according to the operation mode for the memory cell array block 250 selected by the block selection signal BLKj.
- VCMNj 0V
- VCMPj VPoff (Vpoff is a voltage at which the P-type current limiting element 91 associated with the non-selected memory cell array block 250 is turned off) is supplied to the non-selected memory cell array block 250.
- Sub-bit line selection circuit 101 (sub-bit line selection circuit 73 in FIG. 21) responds to address signals A0 to Ax in odd-numbered bit line selection switch elements (FIG. 20) belonging to any selected vertical array plane in memory cell array 200.
- odd-numbered bit line selection switch elements (FIG. 20) belonging to any selected vertical array plane in memory cell array 200.
- even-numbered bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64) or even-numbered layer bit line selection switch elements even-numbered layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 in FIG. 20) are turned on.
- the bit line selection signal BLs_ek (where k is an integer from 0 to (p ⁇ 1))
- the odd-numbered bit line selection signal BLs_ok (where k is an integer from 0 to (p ⁇ 1)) are controlled.
- FIG. 23 is a circuit diagram showing the overall configuration of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device 400 according to the present embodiment. 23, the main part 300 corresponds to the configuration shown in FIG.
- an address input circuit 110 temporarily latches an external address signal during a high resistance write cycle, a low resistance write cycle, or a read cycle, and the latched address signal is sub-bit line selection circuit 101, Output to global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102, word line predecoder circuit 111, word line decoder circuit 103, and current limit control circuit 104.
- the non-selected word line current source 199 generates a predetermined constant current (first constant current) during a read operation, and is supplied to the unselected word lines via the word line predecoder circuit 111 and the word line decoder circuit 103. It is an example of a first current source according to the present invention.
- the control circuit 109 receives a plurality of input signals and outputs a signal indicating a high resistance write cycle, a low resistance write cycle, a read cycle, and a standby state to the decoder circuit (sub-bit line selection circuit 101) according to the present invention.
- the decoder circuit sub-bit line selection circuit 101
- Global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102, word line predecoder circuit 111, word line decoder circuit 103), current limit control circuit 104, write circuit 105, read circuit 106, and data input / output circuit 107 in accordance with the corresponding signals. Output as.
- control circuit 109 outputs a high-resistance write, low-resistance write, or read pulse generation trigger signal to the pulse generation circuit 108 during the high-resistance write cycle, the low-resistance write cycle, and the read cycle.
- the control circuit 109 selects a selected bit line which is a bit line selected by the decoder circuit according to the present invention when reading data by the read circuit 106 in order to realize the non-selected word line current application method according to the present invention.
- the first voltage (VSA) for reading is applied to the first word line
- the second voltage (GND potential) is applied to the selected word line, which is the word line selected by the decoder circuit, and is selected by the decoder circuit.
- the decoder circuit and the read circuit 106 so that the first constant current (Inswl) from the first current source (current source 199 for the unselected word line) is supplied to the unselected word line that is not a word line. And the current source 199 for unselected word lines is controlled.
- the pulse generation circuit 108 applies pulses to a predetermined period (tp_E, tp_P, tp_R) in each high resistance write, low resistance write, or read time in the high resistance write cycle, the low resistance write cycle, and the read cycle. And output to the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102, the word line predecoder circuit 111, and the word line decoder circuit 103.
- the data input / output circuit 107 is a circuit block for exchanging data with the outside.
- the data DQ is latched at the time of writing, and the write data is output to the writing circuit 105 until the next data arrives.
- the read data from 106 is latched, and the read data is output to the external terminal DQ until the next output data comes.
- the write circuit 105 is a circuit that writes data to the memory cell selected by the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102 and the word line decoder circuit 103, receives a data signal from the data input / output circuit 107, and receives a global bit line. Write signals are output to the decoder / driver circuit 102, the word line predecoder circuit 111, and the current limit control circuit 104.
- Read circuit 106 is a decoder circuit according to the present invention, that is, data from a memory cell selected by sub bit line selection circuit 101, global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102, word line predecoder circuit 111 and word line decoder circuit 103.
- the memory data state of the selected memory cell (the resistance state of the resistance change element included in the memory cell) is detected, and the result is output to the data input / output circuit 107 as a data signal.
- a PMOS transistor 135 has a source terminal connected to a read power supply VSA, a gate terminal connected to a predetermined fixed voltage Vic under the control of the control circuit 109, a drain terminal connected to an output terminal, and a PMOS transistor 135.
- VSA read power supply
- a gate terminal connected to a predetermined fixed voltage Vic under the control of the control circuit 109
- a drain terminal connected to an output terminal
- PMOS transistor 135. Is a configuration example of an unselected word line current source 199 that generates a first constant current Inswl determined by a VSA voltage and a predetermined fixed voltage Vic.
- the output terminal of the current source 199 for unselected word lines is connected to the node NWS.
- the PMOS transistor 136 has a source terminal connected to a precharge power supply VPR at the time of reading, a gate terminal connected to a precharge signal NPRE, a drain terminal connected to the node NWS, and a node NWS set to VPR at the time of precharging read operation. It has the function to do.
- These PMOS transistors 135 and 136 are connected to either the non-selected word line current source 199 or the third voltage (VPR) under the control of the third switch circuit according to the present invention, that is, the control circuit 109.
- a third switch circuit selectively connected to NWS that is, a non-selected word line
- NWS that is, a non-selected word line
- the buffer circuit 134 selectively outputs the high voltage side voltage or the low voltage side voltage according to the input signal.
- a terminal for supplying a high voltage side voltage is connected to the node NWS
- a terminal for supplying a low voltage side voltage is connected to GND (0V)
- each input terminal is a global word line selection signal.
- Each of the output terminals is connected to each of the global word lines GWLi (i is an integer from 0 to n ⁇ 1).
- the global word line GWLi is set to the GND voltage (second voltage), and the non-selected global word line is set to the node NWS state (a state in which the third voltage VPR is applied during precharging and the first constant current Insw1 is applied during sensing).
- the buffer circuit 134 controls the second switch circuit according to the present invention, that is, the second voltage (GND voltage) and the third voltage (VPR) under the control of the control circuit 109. It functions as a second switch circuit that selectively connects either one to the selected word line.
- the PMOS transistor 130 has one source or drain terminal connected to one global word line GWLi (i is an integer from 0 to n ⁇ 1), and the other source or drain terminal connected to the corresponding word line WL000i.
- the gate terminal is connected to the output terminal of the inverter (inverted logic circuit) 133.
- the NMOS transistor 131 has one source or drain terminal connected to one global word line GWLi, the other source or drain terminal connected to the corresponding word line WL000i, and a gate terminal corresponding to the block selection signal BLKj. (Where j is an integer from 0 to 15).
- CMOS switch circuit 132 In the CMOS switch circuit 132, a PMOS transistor 130 and an NMOS transistor 131 have their drain terminals and source terminals connected in parallel, and constitute a word line selection switch circuit.
- the n word line selection switch circuits 132 corresponding to one memory cell array block 250 are selected by the block selection signal BLKj corresponding to the memory cell array block 250, all the n word line selection switch circuits 132 are turned on. When not selected, all are turned off.
- the n word line selection switch circuits 132 are arranged corresponding to each of the 16 memory cell array blocks, and the n word line selection switch circuits 132 constitute the word line decoder circuit 103.
- the block selection signal BLKj that means the memory cell array block 250 to which the selected word line belongs is in a selected (High) state
- the word line decoder circuit 103 receives the block selection signal BLKj.
- all 32 word line selection switches corresponding to the selected block are turned on (all word line selection switches corresponding to non-selected blocks other than the selected block are turned off).
- one selected global word line GWLn0 (n0 is an integer corresponding to the selected global word line) corresponding to the selected word line in the word line predecoder circuit 111 receives the selection signal (Low state) of the global word line selection signal GWLSn0.
- the GND state is set, and the other 31 unselected global word lines GWLn are set to the voltage state of the node NWS.
- the node NWS receives the Low state of the NPRE signal during read precharge (first step) and is set to the VPR voltage, and receives the High state of the NPRE signal during read sense (second step). Since the PMOS transistor 136 is set to the OFF state, the PMOS transistor 136 is set to flow the output current Inswl of the unselected word line current source 199.
- all the related word line selection switches are turned off, so that the unselected word lines are in a high impedance (Hi-z) state.
- FIG. 25 shows a read configuration circuit diagram including a selected word line system circuit and a non-selected word line current source 199 for unselected word lines, and various switch circuits for supplying a precharge voltage during precharge. .
- a selected memory cell 30 is selected by a selected bit line BLe1 and a selected word line WL1, and a first unselected memory cell 193 represents 31 unselected memory cells connected to the selected bit line BLe1 by an equivalent circuit.
- the third non-selected memory cell 195 is a circuit representation of 1023 non-selected memory cells connected to the selected word line WL1, and the second non-selected memory cell 194 is a non-selected word line and This is an equivalent circuit of 31 ⁇ 1023 non-selected memory cells connected to non-selected bit lines.
- an equivalent circuit expressed as a three-series configuration of a selected memory cell and a non-selected memory cell of a selected memory cell array block 250 including the selected memory cell 30 is shown as a configuration in the memory cell array block 250.
- the selected word line is applied with the precharge voltage (third voltage) VPR at the time of precharge (in the first step) by the operation of FIG. 24 by the word line decoder circuit 103 and the word line predecoder circuit 111.
- the GND voltage (second voltage) is applied during sensing (in the second step).
- the non-selected word line group (NW point) is precharged (third) at the time of precharging (in the first step) by the operation of FIG. 24 by the word line decoder circuit 103 and the word line predecoder circuit 111.
- Voltage) VPR is applied with the unselected word line current (first constant current) Inswl from the unselected word line current source 199 at the time of sensing (in the second step).
- the selected bit line BL_e1 is selectively connected to the node YD by the odd / even layer selection switch element 158 and the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102 which are selectively turned on by the odd / even layer selection signal BLs_o0.
- a source terminal is connected to a VSA power source and a gate terminal and a drain terminal are connected.
- switch element 146 is a switch element for controlling connection / disconnection between the drain terminal of the PMOS transistor 140 and the YD node.
- the switch element 146 is connected when the control signal NACT is Low.
- Reference numeral 145 denotes a switch element that controls connection / disconnection between the precharge voltage (third voltage) VPR and the YD node.
- the switch element 145 is connected when the control signal NPRE is Low.
- These switch elements 145 and 146 are either the first switch circuit according to the present invention, that is, any one of the read circuit 106 and the third precharge voltage prior to the data read, under the control of the control circuit 109. Is configured to selectively connect to the selected bit line.
- the PMOS transistor 141 is an example of a second PMOS transistor that constitutes the readout circuit 106.
- the source terminal is connected to the VSA power supply, the gate terminal is connected to the gate terminal of the PMOS transistor 140, and the drain terminal is connected to the SEN node.
- PMOS transistor Since the PMOS transistor 140 and the PMOS transistor 141 have a current mirror connection configuration, a current having the same amount of current as the current Iload0 flowing through the PMOS transistor 140 also flows through the PMOS transistor 141.
- the PMOS transistor 144 has a source terminal connected to the VSA power supply, a gate terminal connected to the VPRM voltage, a drain terminal connected to the node s0, and a predetermined VPRM voltage applied to the gate terminal, whereby a constant current Iso0. It operates as a constant current source that flows current.
- the NMOS transistor 143 is a diode-connected NMOS transistor in which the source terminal is connected to the GND power supply and the gate terminal and the drain terminal are connected, and the node s0 is connected to the drain terminal.
- the NMOS transistor 142 is an example of a second current source that constitutes the readout circuit 106.
- the source terminal is connected to the GND terminal
- the gate terminal is connected to the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor 143
- the drain terminal is connected to the SEN node.
- NMOS transistor Since the NMOS transistor 143 and the NMOS transistor 142 have a current mirror connection configuration, a current having the same amount of current as the current Iso0 that flows through the NMOS transistor 143 also flows through the NMOS transistor 142.
- the voltage state of the SEN node is the magnitude relationship between the mirror current Iload0 of the PMOS transistor 141 and the mirror current Iso0 of the NMOS transistor 142 (actually, the NMOS current determined by the current capability of the PMOS transistor 141 determined by the current of the PMOS transistor 140 and the current of the NMOS transistor 143) It is determined by the magnitude relationship of the current capability of the transistor 142).
- the SEN node voltage VSEN becomes a voltage close to VSA, and when the current Iload0 is smaller than the predetermined current Iso0 (Iload0 ⁇ Iso0), the SEN node voltage VSEN is The voltage is close to the GND voltage.
- the differential detection circuit 148 is a differential detection circuit that compares the voltage at the VREF terminal (second input terminal) with the voltage at the SEN node (voltage at the first input terminal) and outputs the comparison result as a logic signal DOUT.
- the read circuit 106 is a circuit that reads data from the memory cell selected by the decoder circuit, and includes PMOS transistors 140, 141, 144, NMOS transistors 142, 143, switch elements 145, 146, and a differential detection circuit 148. Is done.
- the PMOS transistor 141 connected to the PMOS transistor 140 in a current mirror may be a depletion type.
- the read sequence in FIG. 26 represents two cycles with one cycle of precharge (first step) and sense (second step).
- the time t0 to t1 is a precharge time (first step)
- the time t1 to t2 is a sense time (second step)
- t0 to t2 are one cycle of reading.
- the unselected word line current source 199 always generates a current Inswl.
- the block selection signal BLK0 is in a high state and BLK1 to BLK15 are in a low state.
- the sensing state (second step) is reached at time t1
- the supply of the precharge voltage VPR is turned off to the unselected word line group, and a constant current (First constant current) Inswl is only supplied. Therefore, the unselected word line finely moves from the VPR level to a voltage level determined by the current Inswl.
- the VPR voltage level should be set as close as possible to the stable voltage of the selected word line group determined by the supply of the constant current Inswl from the non-selected word line current source 199 to the unselected word line group during sensing. preferable.
- the third voltage VPR supplied to the non-selected word line in the first step (during precharge) is supplied from the non-selected word line current source 199 supplied in the second step (during sensing). Is set to be approximately equal to the voltage of the unselected word line determined by the supply of the constant current Inswl.
- the difference between the third voltage VPR and the voltage of the non-selected word line determined by the supply of the constant current Inswl from the non-selected word line current source 199 is preferably within 10% of the third voltage VPR.
- the selected global bit line (GBL001 in FIG. 26) changes from the precharge voltage VPR to the sense voltage (first voltage) VSA, and the selected bit line (BL_e1 in FIG. 26) receives the state change of the global bit line.
- the precharge voltage (third voltage) VPR changes to the sense voltage (first voltage) VSA, and the selected word line (WL00001 in FIG. 26) changes from the precharge voltage VPR (third voltage) to the GND voltage (second voltage). The voltage changes to 0V.
- the selected bit line voltage is set to the VSA level (first voltage) and the selected word line voltage is set under the control of the control circuit 109 as described above. Since it becomes the GND voltage (second voltage), the cell current starts to flow.
- the amount of current of the selected memory cell 30 at this time is determined by the resistance state of the resistance change element 10, and the memory cell current is smaller when the resistance state of the resistance change element 10 is high than when the resistance change is low. That is, when the resistance value of the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell 30 is high (low), the current amount of the selected memory cell 30 is small (large).
- a current flows through the selected memory cell 30 as described above, and the current propagates to the PMOS transistor 140 via the selected global bit line and the YD node.
- the difference in current amount depending on the resistance state of the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell 30 appears almost as it is as the difference in current amount of the PMOS transistor 140. That is, when the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell 30 is in the high resistance state, the cell current is reduced, so that the current amount of the PMOS transistor 140 is also small, and conversely, the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell 30 is in the low resistance state. Since the cell current increases, the current amount of the PMOS transistor 140 also increases. Therefore, by detecting and determining the current amount of the PMOS transistor 140, the logical data value stored in the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell as the magnitude of the resistance state can be grasped.
- a current similar to that of the PMOS transistor 140 flows through the PMOS transistor 141 that is current-mirror connected to the PMOS transistor 140.
- the SEN node voltage is determined by the amount of current flowing through the PMOS transistor 141 (the amount of current flowing through the PMOS transistor 140) and the amount of current flowing between the NMOS transistor 142 controlled to have a constant current capability.
- the current amount of the PMOS transistor 140 is small, the voltage at the SEN node decreases to near the GND voltage, and when the current amount of the PMOS transistor 140 is large, the voltage at the SEN node increases to near the VSA.
- the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell 30 when the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell 30 is in the high resistance state (HR), the voltage at the SEN node decreases to near the GND voltage, and the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell 30 is in the low resistance state (HR). The voltage at the SEN node rises to near VSA.
- the differential detection circuit 148 By applying the voltage of one input terminal VREF of the differential detection circuit 148 to a predetermined voltage such as half of the VSA voltage, the differential detection circuit 148 sets the SEN node voltage level to the DOUT terminal High / Low. Can be output as a logical level. Therefore, since the resistance state of the resistance change element 10 of the selected memory cell 30 is converted to the High / Low logic level of the DOUT terminal, the stored data of the resistance change element 10 can be determined.
- the data stored in the selected memory cell 30 is detected and determined and output from the DOUT terminal.
- the control circuit 109 is supplied with the third voltage VPR to the selected bit line via the first switch circuit (switch elements 145 and 146), and the selected word
- the third voltage VPR is supplied to the line via the second switch circuit (buffer circuit 134), and the third voltage VPR is supplied to the unselected word line via the third switch circuit (PMOS transistors 135 and 136).
- the first to third switch circuits are controlled so as to be supplied.
- the control circuit 109 is connected to the selected bit line via the first switch circuit (switch elements 145 and 146) and the selected word line is connected to the second word line.
- the second voltage (GND voltage) is connected via the switch circuit (buffer circuit 134), and the unselected word line current source 199 is connected to the unselected word line via the third switch circuit (PMOS transistors 135 and 136).
- the first to third switch circuits are controlled so as to be connected.
- the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device 400 configured to be able to apply a predetermined current to the unselected word line group of the memory cell array block to which the selected memory cell belongs. Can increase the read margin of write data at the time of reading, and can realize a nonvolatile memory device capable of stable reading.
- FIG. 27 shows a cross-sectional configuration diagram of a memory cell according to the second embodiment of the present invention when memory cells 51 used in a cross-point memory cell array are stacked in a four-layer structure (the structure of the memory cell 51 in each layer is shown in FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 for the sake of simplicity of explanation, the structure of FIG. 2 is used).
- the memory cell 51 has a configuration in which the resistance change element 10 and the current control element 29 are connected in series to form one bit, and is configured by four layers in which the memory cell 51 is stacked on the upper and lower layers.
- the lower terminal of the first layer memory cell is connected to the bit line 71a
- the upper terminal of the first layer memory cell is connected to the word line 70a
- the lower terminal of the second layer memory cell is connected to the word line 70a.
- the upper terminal of the second layer memory cell is connected to the bit line 71b
- the lower terminal of the third layer memory cell is connected to the bit line 71b
- the upper terminal of the third layer memory cell is connected to the word line 70b.
- the lower terminal of the fourth layer memory cell is connected to the word line 70b
- the upper terminal of the fourth layer memory cell is connected to the bit line 71c.
- the word line 70a is arranged between the first layer memory cell and the second layer memory cell, and the word line 70a is connected to both the upper terminal of the first layer memory cell and the lower terminal of the second layer memory cell. It has a shared configuration.
- a bit line 71b is arranged between the second layer memory cell and the third layer memory cell, and the bit line 71b is connected to both the upper terminal of the second layer memory cell and the lower terminal of the third layer memory cell. It is a shared configuration.
- a word line 70b is arranged between the third layer memory cell and the fourth layer memory cell, and the word line 70b is connected to both the upper terminal of the third layer memory cell and the lower terminal of the fourth layer memory cell. It is a shared configuration.
- FIG. 28 shows a part (one vertical array surface) of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device according to the second embodiment, and is a multi-layer cross-point in which eight memory cells are stacked in the same form as FIG.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a cross-sectional structure of a memory cell array when the memory cell array is viewed from the word line direction, and a circuit configuration arranged in a lower layer portion thereof.
- the first layer bit line 53a is made of a wiring material such as aluminum and is arranged to extend in the horizontal direction (X direction) on the paper surface, and is made of a wiring material such as aluminum and is perpendicular to the paper surface (Y direction: Y direction: Memory cells 51 are arranged at the intersections of the first-layer word lines 52a arranged so as to extend (not shown). The memory cells 51 are arranged on the first layer bit line 53a by n bits along the X direction to form a first layer memory cell 51a.
- the first layer word line 52a is located below, and the first layer memory cell 51a is made of a wiring material such as aluminum and is arranged to extend in the X direction of this paper surface.
- Memory cells 51 are arranged at the intersections with the two-layer bit lines 53b. These memory cells 51 are also arranged in n bits along the X direction on the second layer bit line 53b to form a second layer memory cell 51b.
- the Z direction is the direction in which the layers overlap.
- the third layer memory cell 51c is formed at the intersection of the second layer bit line 53b and the second layer word line 52b in the form of sharing the word line or the bit line, and the second layer word line 52b and the second layer word line 52b are shared.
- a fourth layer memory cell 51d is formed at the intersection of the third layer bit line 53c
- a fifth layer memory cell 51e is formed at the intersection of the third layer bit line 53c and the third layer word line 52c
- a sixth layer memory cell 51f is formed at the intersection of the line 52c and the fourth layer bit line 53d
- a seventh layer memory cell 51g is formed at the intersection of the fourth layer bit line 53d and the fourth layer word line 52d.
- An eighth layer memory cell 51h is formed at the intersection of the fourth layer word line 52d and the fifth layer bit line 53e.
- each memory cell 51 has (1) a plurality of bit lines 53a to 53e formed in a plurality of layers extending in the X direction, and (2) a first layer bit line 53a and a first layer extending in the Y direction.
- a first layer word line 52a formed in a layer between the second layer bit line 53b, a second layer word line 52b formed in a layer between the second layer bit line 53b and the third layer bit line 53c,
- In the third layer word line 52c formed in the layer between the third layer bit line 53c and the fourth layer bit line 53d, and in the layer between the fourth layer bit line 53d and the fifth layer bit line 53e.
- Each bit line and the word line are sandwiched between the formed intersections with the formed fourth layer word line 52d.
- the memory cell formed at the intersection of the upper word line and the bit line as viewed from the bit line is called an odd-numbered layer (first, third, fifth, seventh) memory cell, and the bit line
- the memory cells formed at the intersections of the lower word lines and the bit lines are referred to as even-numbered (second, fourth, sixth, eighth) memory cells.
- the first, third, and fifth layer bit lines 53a, 53c, and 53e are commonly connected by an odd layer bit line via 55 that is an example of the second via, and the second and fourth layer bit lines 53b and 53d are connected to the first layer.
- the even-numbered bit line vias 54 which are an example of one via are commonly connected.
- the resistance change element 10 is formed with the same structure and manufacturing conditions in the Z direction. What can be done (for example, in any layer, the second electrode 21 is formed on the lower layer side, the first variable resistance layer 13 is formed thereon, the second variable resistance layer 12 is formed thereon, and the third electrode 11 is formed thereon.
- the memory cell having the same structure can be manufactured regardless of whether the memory cell is in an odd layer or an even layer. In other words, the variable resistance element 10 constituting the even-numbered memory cell and the variable resistance element 10 constituting the odd-numbered memory cell are arranged in the same direction with respect to the Z direction.
- the even layer bit line via (even layer BL via) 54 is connected to one of the drain and the source of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 which is an example of a first bit line selection switch element formed of an NMOS transistor.
- the odd layer bit line via (odd layer BL via) 55 is connected to one of the drain and the source of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 which is an example of the second bit line selection switch element formed of an NMOS transistor. Is done.
- the other of the drain and the source of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and the other of the drain and the source of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 are commonly connected to a common contact (GBLI).
- the gate of the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 is connected to the even layer bit line selection signal line
- the gate of the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 is connected to the odd layer bit line selection signal line.
- the common contact GBLI is connected to one of the drain and the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 configured by an NMOS transistor, and is further connected to one of the drain and the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 configured by a PMOS transistor. It is connected.
- the other of the drain and the source of the N-type current limiting element 90 is connected to the global bit line (GBL), and the other of the drain and the source of the P-type current limiting element 91 is also connected to the global bit line (GBL). . That is, the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 are connected in parallel, and between the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 and the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 and the global bit line (GBL).
- the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 is configured to limit each of the bidirectional currents flowing through the current.
- the signal line connected to the node CMN is connected to the gate of the N-type current limiting element 90, and the signal line connected to the node CMP is connected to the gate of the P-type current limiting element 91.
- the present invention is a technology related to reading, and in the reading mode, the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 are always on, so that the voltage of the signal applied from the node CMP and the node CMN to each gate is , CMP is 0V and CMN is VSA.
- the N-type current limiting element 90 and the P-type current limiting element 91 function as current limiting elements during a write operation.
- FIG. 29 shows a configuration diagram when four vertical array surfaces are arranged so that the surfaces are aligned.
- the direction in which the bit lines extend is the X direction
- the direction in which the word lines extend is the Y direction
- the direction in which the bit line and word line layers overlap is the Z direction.
- bit line (BL) 53 extends in the X direction and is formed in a plurality of layers (five layers in FIG. 29).
- the word line (WL) 52 extends in the Y direction and is formed in each layer (four layers in FIG. 29) between the bit lines.
- each memory cell (MC) 51 is sandwiched between the bit line 53 and the word line 52 at the intersection of the bit line 53 and the word line 52. For simplification of the drawing, a part of the memory cell 51 and a part of the word line are not shown.
- the memory cell array 100 includes four vertical array planes 0 to 3 arranged in the Y direction.
- the number of memory cells on the vertical array surface and the number of vertical array surfaces arranged in the Y direction are not limited to this.
- even-numbered bit lines BL are connected in common by even-numbered bit line vias 54 in FIG. 28 (BL_e0 to BL_e3), and odd-numbered bit lines BL are shown in FIG. 28 are connected in common by odd-numbered bit line vias 55 (BL_o0 to BL_o3).
- bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 provided corresponding to the vertical array surfaces 0 to 3 are formed extending in the Y direction.
- odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are provided for each vertical array plane 0 to 3.
- the odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and the even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are configured by NMOS transistors.
- an odd-numbered layer bit line selection switch element in which N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 constituted by NMOS transistors and P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97 constituted by PMOS transistors are related.
- 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 and the associated global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 are odd layer bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 and even layer bit line selection switch elements 65 to The other drain or source diffusion layer terminal 68 is connected.
- the gate terminals of the N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 are commonly connected to the control voltage node CMN, and the gate terminals of the P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97 are commonly connected to the control voltage node CMP. Is done. Further, the voltages of the node CMN and the node CMP can be arbitrarily set according to the amount of current desired to be limited.
- the odd-numbered bit line selection switch elements 61 to 64 are related to the vertical array plane via the N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 and the P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97, respectively.
- the electrical connection or disconnection between the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 and the odd-numbered bit lines BL_o0 to BL_o3 connected in common on the vertical array surface is controlled according to the odd-numbered bit line selection signal BLs_o0.
- the even-numbered bit line selection switch elements 65 to 68 are connected to the vertical array surface via the associated N-type current limiting elements 90, 92, 94, 96 and P-type current limiting elements 91, 93, 95, 97, respectively.
- the global bit lines GBL000 to GBL003 and the even-numbered bit lines BL_e0 to BL_e3 connected in common on the vertical array plane are electrically connected or disconnected according to the even-numbered bit line selection signal BLs_e0. To do.
- the vertical array planes 0 to 3 can be formed by the memory cells 51 formed with the same structure in the Z direction of the resistance change element 10 in any memory cell layer.
- the even-numbered bit lines 53b and 53d and the odd-numbered bit lines 53a, 53c and 53e are shared by independent vias (even-numbered bit line via 54 and odd-numbered bit line via 55).
- the vias and the global bit line GBL to the even layer bit line selection switch element 57 or the odd layer bit line selection switch element 58 via the bidirectional current limiting circuit 920, the hierarchical bit line is connected.
- a multi-layer cross-point structure is realized.
- the circuit configuration from word line decoder circuit 103 to word line and its operation will be described in detail with reference to FIG.
- a PMOS transistor 135 has a source terminal connected to a read power supply VSA, a gate terminal connected to a predetermined fixed voltage Vic under the control of the control circuit 109, a drain terminal connected to an output terminal, and a PMOS transistor 135.
- VSA read power supply
- a gate terminal connected to a predetermined fixed voltage Vic under the control of the control circuit 109
- a drain terminal connected to an output terminal
- PMOS transistor 135. Is a configuration example of a non-selected word line current source 199 that generates a constant current Inswl determined by a VSA voltage and a predetermined fixed voltage Vic.
- the output terminal of the current source 199 for unselected word lines is connected to the node NWS.
- the PMOS transistor 136 has a source terminal connected to a precharge power supply VPR at the time of reading, a gate terminal connected to a precharge signal NPRE, a drain terminal connected to the node NWS, and a node NWS set to VPR at the time of precharging read operation. It has the function to do.
- the buffer circuit 134 is a circuit that selectively outputs a high voltage side voltage or a low voltage side voltage in accordance with an input signal.
- a terminal for supplying a high voltage side voltage is connected to the node NWS
- a terminal for supplying a low voltage side voltage is connected to a GND terminal (0V)
- each input terminal is a global word line.
- each output terminal is a global word line GWLgi (g is an integer from 0 to l-1, i is an integer from 00 to n-1). ) Connected to each.
- the word line predecoder circuit 111 constituted by l ⁇ n buffer circuits 134 selects and controls a predetermined one global word line GWLln as a selected global word line by a global word line selection signal GWLSgi. That is, the global word line selection signal GWLSgi is set to a low level that means any one of the global word line selection signals GWLSgi, and the other is set to a high level.
- One selected global word line GWLgi is set to the GND voltage, and all other unselected global word lines are connected to the current source 199 for unselected word lines.
- a PMOS transistor 130 and an NMOS transistor 131 have a drain terminal and a source terminal connected in parallel, and the gate terminal controls the conduction / non-conduction between the drain and the source.
- This is a word line selection switch circuit.
- the inverter 133 receives the block selection signal BLKj (j is an integer from 0 to 15) and outputs an inverted signal thereof.
- the gate terminal of the PMOS transistor 130 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter 133, and the gate terminal of the NMOS transistor 131 is connected to the corresponding block selection signal BLKj.
- Each word line is provided with a word line selection switch circuit 132, and a word line decoder circuit 103 is configured to control electrical connection between the word line and the global word line for each memory cell array block.
- the 4 ⁇ 32 word line selection switch circuits 132 corresponding to one memory cell array block 250 are all selected by the block selection signal BLKj corresponding to the memory cell array block 250 at the time of selection. It is in the on state, and all are in the off state when not selected.
- the 4 ⁇ 32 word line selection switch circuits 132 exist corresponding to each of the 16 memory cell array blocks, and the 128 word line selection switch circuits 132 constitute the word line decoder circuit 103.
- a block selection signal BLKj designating one memory cell array block 250 to which the selected word line belongs is output (High state), and the word line decoder circuit 103 outputs a block selection signal BLKj.
- all 4 ⁇ 32 word line selection switches corresponding to one selected block are turned on.
- all the 4 ⁇ 32 word line selection switches corresponding to non-selected blocks other than the selected block are turned off.
- one selected global word line GWLn0 (n0 is an integer corresponding to the selected global word line) corresponding to the selected word line in the word line predecoder circuit 111 outputs an output signal (Low state) of the global word line selection signal GWLSln0.
- the GND state is set, and the other 4 ⁇ 31 unselected global word lines GWLln are connected to the node NWS.
- the node NWS receives the Low state of the NPRE signal during read precharge (first step) and is set to the VPR voltage, and receives the High state of the NPRE signal during read sense (second step). Since the PMOS transistor 136 is set in the OFF state, only the output current Inswl of the unselected word line current source 199 is set.
- all the related word line selection switch circuits 132 in the word line decoder circuit 103 are turned off, so that the unselected word lines have a high impedance (Hi ⁇ z) state.
- a cross-point type memory cell array having a multilayer structure composed of a plurality of word lines like the present memory cell array by configuring a word line predecoder circuit or a word line decoder circuit corresponding to a plurality of word line structures, It is possible to operate in the same manner as the single-layer word line configuration. In other words, by applying the read sequence described in the single-layer word line configuration of Embodiment 1, it is possible to read a multipoint cross-point type memory cell array including a plurality of word lines.
- a predetermined current is applied to a non-selected word line group of a memory cell array block to which a selected memory cell belongs even in a cross-point type memory cell array having a multilayer structure exceeding two layers.
- a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device that can perform the above-described configuration can be configured, and a read margin of write data can be expanded at the time of reading, and a nonvolatile memory device capable of stable reading can be realized.
- the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
- the present invention can be realized not only as a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device but also as a reading method for a cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device.
- one embodiment of the present invention is a method of reading data from the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device 400 under the control of the control circuit 109, and is low by applying voltages having different polarities.
- a resistance change element 10 that reversibly transitions between at least two states of a resistance state and a high resistance state, and a bidirectional current control element 29 having a nonlinear current-voltage characteristic connected in series to the resistance change element 10.
- a plurality of memory cells, and each memory cell includes a cross-point type memory cell array 200 formed at intersections of a plurality of bit lines extending in the X direction and a plurality of word lines extending in the Y direction. This is a reading method of the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device 400 provided.
- the word line decoder circuit 103 or the like selects at least one bit line from the plurality of bit lines, and selects at least one word line from the plurality of word lines, so that the memory cell array 200
- the first voltage for reading is applied to the selected bit line that is the bit line selected in step
- the second voltage is applied to the selected word line that is the word line selected in the decoding step
- a first constant voltage is applied to an unselected word line that is not selected in the step. Including a current supplying step of performing control to supply the.
- non-selected word line current application method variation in the current applied to the non-selected word line is smaller than in the conventional constant voltage application method, so that the selected word line is connected to the selected word line via the non-selected cell. Stable operation is also possible with respect to the problem of generation of electromagnetic noise (EMI) due to changes in the inflowing current.
- EMI electromagnetic noise
- the first voltage and the first constant current may be generated from the same power source that supplies at least a predetermined voltage when reading the data.
- the bit line in which the first switch and the third voltage for precharging prior to data reading are selected in the decoding step by the first switch circuit described above.
- the first switch step selectively connected to the second switch circuit and the second switch circuit described above selectively select one of the second voltage and the third voltage to the word line selected in the decode step.
- the second switch step to be connected and the third switch circuit described above selectively connect either the first constant current or the third voltage to a word line that is not selected in the decoding step.
- the third voltage is supplied to the selected bit line in the first switch step, and the second switch step is supplied to the selected word line.
- the third voltage is supplied to the non-selected word line, and the third voltage is supplied to the non-selected word line in the third switching step.
- the first voltage is supplied to the selected bit line in the first switch step, and the second voltage is supplied to the selected word line in the second switch step. It is preferable to control the operations in the first to third switch steps so that the first constant current is supplied to the selected word line in the third switch step. Thereby, precharge prior to data reading is realized, and more reliable data reading is possible.
- the third voltage supplied to the non-selected word line in the first step is determined by the current from the first current source supplied in the second step. Preferably it is approximately equal to the voltage. As a result, fluctuations in the voltage level of the non-selected word line when switching from the first step to the second step is suppressed, and more stable data reading becomes possible.
- the decoding step includes a word line decoding step for selecting a predetermined word line from the plurality of memory cell arrays 200 by the word line decoder circuit 103, and a word line decoding step by the word line predecoder circuit 111.
- a word line predecoding step for controlling supply of voltage or current to the selected word line.
- the above-described first PMOS transistor, the above-described second PMOS transistor, the above-described second current source for supplying a second constant current, and the differential detection circuit 148 are used. It is preferable to read the data. As a result, a data read system that detects the resistance state of the variable resistance element in the memory cell by applying a current is realized.
- the memory cell formed at the intersection of the word line above the bit line and the bit line is an odd layer memory cell, and the word line and the bit below are seen from the bit line.
- the memory cells formed at the intersections with the lines are memory cells of even layers, and are configured for each of the plurality of bit line groups arranged in the Z direction, which is the direction in which the layers overlap, and are arranged in the Y direction.
- each of the plurality of XZ planes is a vertical array plane 0 to 3
- each of the vertical array planes 0 to 3 shares the plurality of word lines penetrating the vertical array planes 0 to 3 vertically.
- the cross-point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device 400 is further provided with a global bit line GBL provided for each of the plurality of vertical array planes 0 to 3, and for each of the vertical array planes 0 to 3, A plurality of first bit line selection switch elements having one end connected to the first via and a plurality of second bit lines provided for each of the vertical array planes 0 to 3 and having one end connected to the second via.
- a bit line selection switch element is provided for each of the vertical array planes 0 to 3 and the other end of the first bit line selection switch element corresponding to the vertical array plane and the second array plane corresponding to the vertical array plane.
- the first bit line selection switch element and the second bit line selection A bidirectional current limiting circuit 920 that limits each bidirectional current flowing between the switch element and the global bit line GBL, and a current limiting control circuit 104 that controls the bidirectional current limiting circuit,
- a global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102 selects the memory cells for the plurality of global bit lines GBL and supplies signals for writing and reading to the global bit line decoder / driver circuit 102;
- the non-selected word line current application method according to the present invention can be applied to a cross-point type memory cell array having a multilayer structure suitable for a large storage capacity.
- the present invention is a cross-point type resistance change nonvolatile memory device, which has a simple configuration in which a predetermined current is applied to a non-selected word line group of a memory cell array block to which a selected memory cell belongs, particularly during a read operation.
- a nonvolatile memory device having stable memory cell readout characteristics at low cost for example, a portable terminal can be realized. It is useful as a storage device for various electronic devices.
- Resistance change element 11 Upper electrode (third electrode) 12 2nd resistance change layer (2nd transition metal oxide layer, 2nd tantalum oxide layer, 2nd hafnium oxide layer, 2nd zirconium oxide layer) 13 First variable resistance layer (first transition metal oxide layer, first tantalum oxide layer, first hafnium oxide layer, first zirconium oxide layer) 14 Lower electrode 21 Upper electrode (second electrode) 22 Current control layer 23 Lower electrode (first electrode) 24 Word line 25 Bit line 26 to 28 Via 29 Current control element 30, 260 to 267 Selected memory cell 51 Memory cell 52, 52a to 52d Word line 53, 53a to 53e Bit line 54 Even layer bit line via 55 Odd layer bit line Vias 57, 65-68 Even layer bit line selection switch elements 58, 61-64 Odd layer bit line selection switch elements 70, 70a, 70b Upper wiring (word line) 71, 71a, 71b, 71c Lower wiring (bit line) 73, 101 Sub-bit line selection circuit 74, 103 Word line decoder
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Abstract
Description
図1の(a)はいわゆる単層クロスポイントメモリセルアレイの立体構造を示す図である。ここには、任意の一方向かつ平行に多数配線されたワード線(例えば第2層配線)52、ワード線52と直交するように一方向かつ平行に多数配線されたビット線(例えば第1層配線)53、及びワード線52とビット線53の交差する場所に配置され、ワード線52及びビット線53と電気的に接続されたメモリセル51が図示されている。
図2にクロスポイントメモリセルアレイに用いるメモリセル51の断面構成図を示す。メモリセル51は、抵抗変化素子10と、電流制御素子29とが直列接続された構成を有し、1ビットを構成している。
次に、メモリセル51の動作について図5を用いて説明する。図5は、図2の構造を持つメモリセル51に対し、下部配線71よりも上部配線70が高い電圧となる極性を正として電圧を印加した場合の電圧と電流との関係を実測した特性図である。
次に、クロスポイントメモリセルアレイのアレイ等価回路について説明する。
次に、図8の等価回路を用いて、従来の読み出し動作及びその特性を図9と図10を用いて説明する。
Isen=Isel+Ib_nw ・・・式1
GND端子に流れ込む電流Iswlは以下の式2で示される。
Iswl=Isel+Inw_w ・・・式2
ここで、非選択WL群と非選択BL群は共にHi-z状態より、
Ib_nw=Inw_w ・・・式3
であるので、センス電流IsenとGND電流Iswlの大きさは同一である。
特許文献2では、読み出し時において、読み出しの効率向上の取り組みとして、非選択WL群と非選択BL群のそれぞれに電圧印加することが開示されている。しかし読み出し動作においては選択メモリセル30の電流量はビット線側に接続される電流検知回路196によって判別されるので、電流検知回路196に流れる電流Isenの多くが選択メモリセル30の電流Iselになればよいことから、第1非選択メモリセル193を介して選択ビット線BL1から流れ出す漏れ電流Ib_nwを削減すればよい。従って、読み出しの効率化の為の非選択線への電圧は第1非選択メモリセル193の非選択WL群に対してのみ印加すればよい。
本発明に係るクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置は、非選択ワードに対して、定電圧ではなく、定電流を印加すること(非選択ワード線電流印加方式)を特徴とする。そこで、まず、非選択ワード線に定電流を印加することで現実の読み出しマージンが拡大され、安定的な読み出しが可能になることを説明する。
本発明における非選択ワード線用電流源199からの電流Inswlは任意の電流量に設定することが可能であり、その結果、上記式4に示す非選択ワード線用電流源199からの電流Inswl以外の電流は、非選択ワード線用電流源199からの電流Inswlの設定電流に従って、その電流量が変わる(非選択ワード線用電流源199からの電流Inswlの設定電流に従って非選択WL群(NW点)の電圧は変化するので、第1非選択メモリセル193に流れる電流Ib_nwも変化する)。
Inswl21=Inw_w21-Ib_nw21
となる。
ここからは、本発明の非選択ワード線電流印加方式を用いたクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の全体回路及びワード線駆動系の具体回路例について説明する。本説明に対しては、32本のWL×m本のBL(mは整数でm>32)の長方形メモリセルアレイマットを2層配置した構成を前提とする。
図27にクロスポイントメモリセルアレイに用いるメモリセル51を4層構造に積層した場合の本発明の実施の形態2に係るメモリセル断面構成図を示す(各層のメモリセル51の構造は図2又は図3と同じであり、説明の簡単化のため、図2の構造を用いた構成としている)。
10 抵抗変化素子
11 上部電極(第3電極)
12 第2の抵抗変化層(第2の遷移金属酸化物層、第2のタンタル酸化物層、第2のハフニウム酸化物層、第2のジルコニウム酸化物層)
13 第1の抵抗変化層(第1の遷移金属酸化物層、第1のタンタル酸化物層、第1のハフニウム酸化物層、第1のジルコニウム酸化物層)
14 下部電極
21 上部電極(第2電極)
22 電流制御層
23 下部電極(第1電極)
24 ワード線
25 ビット線
26~28 ビア
29 電流制御素子
30、260~267 選択メモリセル
51 メモリセル
52、52a~52d ワード線
53、53a~53e ビット線
54 偶数層ビット線ビア
55 奇数層ビット線ビア
57、65~68 偶数層ビット線選択スイッチ素子
58、61~64 奇数層ビット線選択スイッチ素子
70、70a、70b 上部配線(ワード線)
71、71a、71b、71c 下部配線(ビット線)
73、101 サブビット線選択回路
74、103 ワード線デコーダ回路
90、92、94、96 N型電流制限素子
91、93、95、97 P型電流制限素子
98、102 グローバルビット線デコーダ/ドライバ回路
99、104 電流制限制御回路
105 書き込み回路
106 読み出し回路
107 データ入出力回路
108 パルス発生回路
109 制御回路
110 アドレス入力回路
111 ワード線プリデコーダ回路
130、135、136、140、141、144 PMOSトランジスタ
131、142、143 NMOSトランジスタ
132 ワード線選択スイッチ回路(CMOSスイッチ回路)
133 インバータ(反転論理回路)
134 バッファ回路
145、146 スイッチ素子
148 差動検知回路
158 奇偶数層選択スイッチ素子
190 第1非選択メモリセル群
191 第2非選択メモリセル群
192 第3非選択メモリセル群
193 第1非選択メモリセル
194 第2非選択メモリセル
195 第3非選択メモリセル
196 電流検知回路
197 センス用電源
198 非選択ワード線用電源
199 非選択ワード線用電流源
250 メモリセルアレイブロック
300 主要部
400 クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置
920 双方向電流制限回路
Claims (16)
- 極性の異なる電圧を印加することで低抵抗状態および高抵抗状態の少なくとも2つの状態を可逆的に遷移する抵抗変化素子と、前記抵抗変化素子に直列に接続された非線形の電流電圧特性を有する双方向の電流制御素子とを有するメモリセルが複数配置され、前記各メモリセルが、X方向に延びた複数のビット線と、Y方向に延びた複数のワード線との交点位置に形成されたクロスポイント型のメモリセルアレイと、
前記複数のビット線から少なくとも一つのビット線を選択し、前記複数のワード線から少なくとも一つのワード線を選択することで、前記メモリセルアレイから少なくとも一つのメモリセルを選択するデコーダ回路と、
選択されたメモリセルからデータを読み出す読み出し回路と、
第1の定電流を供給する第1の電流源と、
選択されたメモリセルからのデータの読み出しを制御する制御回路と、を備え、
前記制御回路は、前記読み出し回路によるデータの読み出し時に、前記デコーダ回路で選択されたビット線である選択ビット線に前記読み出し回路から出力される読み出しのための電圧である第1の電圧を印加し、前記デコーダ回路で選択されたワード線である選択ワード線に第2の電圧を印加し、前記デコーダ回路で選択されていないワード線である非選択ワード線に前記第1の定電流を供給するように、前記デコーダ回路、前記読み出し回路および前記第1の電流源を制御する、
クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記読み出し回路と前記第1の電流源とは、少なくとも前記データの読み出し時に所定の電圧を供給する同じ電源に接続されている、
請求項1に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置はさらに、
前記第1の電圧とデータの読み出しに先立つプリチャージ用の第3の電圧の何れかを前記デコーダ回路で選択されたビット線に選択的に接続する第1のスイッチ回路と、
前記第2の電圧と前記第3の電圧の何れかを前記デコーダ回路で選択されたワード線に選択的に接続する第2のスイッチ回路と、
前記第1の定電流と前記第3の電圧の何れかを前記デコーダ回路で選択されていないワード線に選択的に接続する第3のスイッチ回路とを備える、
請求項1または2に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記制御回路は、
第1のステップでは、前記選択ビット線に前記第1のスイッチ回路を介して前記第3の電圧が供給され、前記選択ワード線に前記第2のスイッチ回路を介して前記第3の電圧が供給され、前記非選択ワード線に前記第3のスイッチ回路を介して第3の電圧が供給されるように、前記第1乃至第3のスイッチ回路を制御し、
第2のステップでは、前記選択ビット線に前記第1のスイッチ回路を介して前記第1の電圧が供給され、前記選択ワード線に前記第2のスイッチ回路を介して前記第2の電圧が供給され、前記非選択ワード線に前記第3のスイッチ回路を介して前記第1の定電流が供給されるように、前記第1~第3のスイッチ回路を制御する、
請求項3に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記第1のステップで前記非選択ワード線に供給される前記第3の電圧は、前記第2のステップで供給される前記第1の電流源からの電流によって決まる前記非選択ワード線の電圧にほぼ等しい、
請求項4に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置は、複数の前記メモリセルアレイを備え、
前記デコーダ回路は、
前記複数のメモリセルアレイのうち、所定のワード線を選択するワード線デコーダ回路と、
前記ワード線デコーダ回路によって選択されたワード線に電圧又は電流の供給を制御するワード線プリデコーダ回路とを有し、
前記第1の電流源は、前記ワード線プリデコーダ回路へ前記第1の定電流を供給し、
前記ワード線プリデコーダ回路は、前記第3のスイッチ回路を介して前記第1の定電流または前記第3の電圧に接続される、
請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記読み出し回路は、第1のPMOSトランジスタと、第2のPMOSトランジスタと、第2の定電流を流す第2の電流源と、差動検知回路とを備え、
前記差動検知回路は、第1の入力端子と、第2の入力端子とを有し、前記第1の入力端子における電圧と前記第2の入力端子に接続された基準電圧とを比較してその大小を論理信号として出力し、
前記第1のPMOSトランジスタは、ソース端子とゲート端子とドレイン端子とを有し、前記ソース端子が前記第1の電圧に接続され、前記ゲート端子が前記ドレイン端子に接続され、前記ドレイン端子が前記第1のスイッチ回路を介して前記選択ビット線に接続され、
前記第2のPMOSトランジスタは、ソース端子とゲート端子とドレイン端子とを有し、前記ソース端子が前記第1の電圧に接続され、前記ゲート端子が前記第1のPMOSトランジスタの前記ゲート端子に接続され、前記ドレイン端子が前記第2の電流源の一方の端子に接続され、
前記第2の電流源の他方の端子は、GND電圧に接続され、
前記差動検知回路の第1の入力端子は、前記第2のPMOSトランジスタのドレイン端子に接続されている、
請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置。 - 前記ビット線から見て上方の前記ワード線と当該ビット線との交点位置に形成される前記メモリセルを奇数層のメモリセルとし、
前記ビット線から見て下方の前記ワード線と当該ビット線との交点位置に形成される前記メモリセルを偶数層のメモリセルとし、
層が重なる方向であるZ方向に並んだ前記複数のビット線群毎に構成され、前記Y方向に並んで配置された複数のXZ面のそれぞれを垂直アレイ面とした場合に、
前記各垂直アレイ面は、前記各垂直アレイ面を垂直に貫通する前記複数のワード線を共通に有し、
前記各垂直アレイ面において、全ての偶数層の前記ビット線はZ方向に繋がれた第1のビアと共通に接続され、かつ、全ての奇数層の前記ビット線はZ方向に繋がれた第2のビアと共通に接続され、
前記クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置はさらに、
前記複数の垂直アレイ面毎に設けられたグローバルビット線と、
前記垂直アレイ面毎に設けられ、前記第1のビアと一端が接続された複数の第1のビット線選択スイッチ素子と、
前記垂直アレイ面毎に設けられ、前記第2のビアと一端が接続された複数の第2のビット線選択スイッチ素子と、
前記垂直アレイ面毎に設けられ、当該垂直アレイ面に対応する前記第1のビット線選択スイッチ素子の他端および当該垂直アレイ面に対応する前記第2のビット線選択スイッチ素子の他端と当該垂直アレイ面に対応する前記グローバルビット線との間に設けられ、前記第1のビット線選択スイッチ素子および前記第2のビット線選択スイッチ素子と前記グローバルビット線との間に流れる双方向の電流のそれぞれを制限する双方向電流制限回路と、
前記双方向電流制限回路を制御する電流制限制御回路とを備え、
前記デコーダ回路は、
前記複数のグローバルビット線に、前記メモリセルを選択し、書き込み及び読み出しのための信号を供給するグローバルビット線デコーダ/ドライバ回路と、
前記複数のワード線に、前記メモリセルを選択し、書き込み及び読み出しのための信号を供給するワード線デコーダ回路及びワード線プリデコーダ回路とを有し、
前記読み出し回路は、前記グローバルビット線デコーダ/ドライバと前記ワード線デコーダ及び前記ワード線プリデコーダとで選択されたメモリセルからデータを読み出す、
請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置。 - 極性の異なる電圧を印加することで低抵抗状態および高抵抗状態の少なくとも2つの状態を可逆的に遷移する抵抗変化素子と、前記抵抗変化素子に直列に接続された非線形の電流電圧特性を有する双方向の電流制御素子とを有するメモリセルが複数配置され、前記各メモリセルが、X方向に延びた複数のビット線と、Y方向に延びた複数のワード線との交点位置に形成されたクロスポイント型のメモリセルアレイを備えるクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法であって、
前記複数のビット線から少なくとも一つのビット線を選択し、前記複数のワード線から少なくとも一つのワード線を選択することで、前記メモリセルアレイから少なくとも一つのメモリセルを選択するデコードステップと、
選択されたメモリセルからデータを読み出す読み出しステップと、
選択されたメモリセルからのデータの読み出し時に、前記デコードステップで選択されたビット線である選択ビット線に前記読み出しのための第1の電圧を印加し、前記デコードステップで選択されたワード線である選択ワード線に第2の電圧を印加し、前記デコードステップで選択されていないワード線である非選択ワード線に第1の定電流を供給する電流供給ステップとを含む、
クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法。 - 前記電流供給ステップでは、前記第1の電圧と前記第1の定電流とを、少なくとも前記データの読み出し時に所定の電圧を供給する同じ電源から生成する、
請求項9に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法。 - さらに、
前記第1の電圧とデータの読み出しに先立つプリチャージ用の第3の電圧の何れかを前記デコードステップで選択されたビット線に選択的に接続する第1のスイッチステップと、
前記第2の電圧と前記第3の電圧の何れかを前記デコードステップで選択されたワード線に選択的に接続する第2のスイッチステップと、
前記第1の定電流と前記第3の電圧の何れかを前記デコードステップで選択されていないワード線に選択的に接続する第3のスイッチステップとを含む、
請求項9または10に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法。 - 前記電流供給ステップでは、
第1のステップにおいて、前記選択ビット線に前記第1のスイッチステップで前記第3の電圧が供給され、前記選択ワード線に前記第2のスイッチステップで前記第3の電圧が供給され、前記非選択ワード線に前記第3のスイッチステップで第3の電圧が供給されるように、前記第1乃至第3のスイッチステップでの動作を制御し、
第2のステップにおいて、前記選択ビット線に前記第1のスイッチステップで前記第1の電圧が供給され、前記選択ワード線に前記第2のスイッチステップで前記第2の電圧が供給され、前記非選択ワード線に前記第3のスイッチステップで前記第1の定電流が供給されるように、前記第1~第3のスイッチステップでの動作を制御する、
請求項11に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法。 - 前記第1のステップで前記非選択ワード線に供給される前記第3の電圧は、前記第2のステップで供給される前記第1の電流源からの電流によって決まる前記非選択ワード線の電圧にほぼ等しい、
請求項12に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法。 - 前記デコードステップは、
前記複数のメモリセルアレイのうち、所定のワード線を選択するワード線デコードステップと、
前記ワード線デコードステップによって選択されたワード線に電圧又は電流の供給を制御するワード線プリデコードステップとを含む、
請求項9~13のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法。 - 前記読み出しステップでは、第1のPMOSトランジスタと、第2のPMOSトランジスタと、第2の定電流を流す第2の電流源と、差動検知回路とを用いて前記データを読み出す、
請求項9~14のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法。 - 前記ビット線から見て上方の前記ワード線と当該ビット線との交点位置に形成される前記メモリセルを奇数層のメモリセルとし、
前記ビット線から見て下方の前記ワード線と当該ビット線との交点位置に形成される前記メモリセルを偶数層のメモリセルとし、
層が重なる方向であるZ方向に並んだ前記複数のビット線群毎に構成され、前記Y方向に並んで配置された複数のXZ面のそれぞれを垂直アレイ面とした場合に、
前記各垂直アレイ面は、前記各垂直アレイ面を垂直に貫通する前記複数のワード線を共通に有し、
前記各垂直アレイ面において、全ての偶数層の前記ビット線はZ方向に繋がれた第1のビアと共通に接続され、かつ、全ての奇数層の前記ビット線はZ方向に繋がれた第2のビアと共通に接続され、
前記クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置はさらに、
前記複数の垂直アレイ面毎に設けられたグローバルビット線と、
前記垂直アレイ面毎に設けられ、前記第1のビアと一端が接続された複数の第1のビット線選択スイッチ素子と、
前記垂直アレイ面毎に設けられ、前記第2のビアと一端が接続された複数の第2のビット線選択スイッチ素子と、
前記垂直アレイ面毎に設けられ、当該垂直アレイ面に対応する前記第1のビット線選択スイッチ素子の他端および当該垂直アレイ面に対応する前記第2のビット線選択スイッチ素子の他端と当該垂直アレイ面に対応する前記グローバルビット線との間に設けられ、前記第1のビット線選択スイッチ素子および前記第2のビット線選択スイッチ素子と前記グローバルビット線との間に流れる双方向の電流のそれぞれを制限する双方向電流制限回路と、
前記双方向電流制限回路を制御する電流制限制御回路とを備え、
前記デコードステップは、
前記複数のグローバルビット線に、前記メモリセルを選択し、書き込み及び読み出しのための信号を供給するグローバルビット線デコード/ドライブステップと、
前記複数のワード線に、前記メモリセルを選択し、書き込み及び読み出しのための信号を供給するワード線デコードステップとを含み、
前記読み出しステップでは、前記グローバルビット線デコード/ドライブステップと前記ワード線デコードステップとで選択されたメモリセルからデータを読み出す、
請求項9~15のいずれか1項に記載のクロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置の読み出し方法。
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| CN201280001056.8A CN102884584B (zh) | 2011-05-11 | 2012-04-27 | 交叉点型电阻变化非易失性存储装置及其读取方法 |
| JP2012542297A JP5144843B2 (ja) | 2011-05-11 | 2012-04-27 | クロスポイント型抵抗変化不揮発性記憶装置およびその読み出し方法 |
| US13/636,169 US8982603B2 (en) | 2011-05-11 | 2012-04-27 | Cross point variable resistance nonvolatile memory device and method of reading thereby |
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| JP (1) | JP5144843B2 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN102884584B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2012153488A1 (ja) |
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| JP5144843B2 (ja) | 2013-02-13 |
| US20130077384A1 (en) | 2013-03-28 |
| US8982603B2 (en) | 2015-03-17 |
| CN102884584A (zh) | 2013-01-16 |
| CN102884584B (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
| JPWO2012153488A1 (ja) | 2014-07-31 |
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