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WO2012152919A1 - Procédé pour le traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du soufre - Google Patents

Procédé pour le traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du soufre Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012152919A1
WO2012152919A1 PCT/EP2012/058768 EP2012058768W WO2012152919A1 WO 2012152919 A1 WO2012152919 A1 WO 2012152919A1 EP 2012058768 W EP2012058768 W EP 2012058768W WO 2012152919 A1 WO2012152919 A1 WO 2012152919A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas
gas stream
process according
sulfur
combustion
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/058768
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English (en)
Inventor
Wei Wang
Xiping Song
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOFUNG SULPHUR TECHNOLOGY Ltd
SCHULTE NORDHOLT Hendrik
Original Assignee
HOFUNG SULPHUR TECHNOLOGY Ltd
SCHULTE NORDHOLT Hendrik
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Application filed by HOFUNG SULPHUR TECHNOLOGY Ltd, SCHULTE NORDHOLT Hendrik filed Critical HOFUNG SULPHUR TECHNOLOGY Ltd
Publication of WO2012152919A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012152919A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
    • C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
    • C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
    • C01B17/0456—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process the hydrogen sulfide-containing gas being a Claus process tail gas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/02—Preparation of sulfur; Purification
    • C01B17/04—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides
    • C01B17/0404—Preparation of sulfur; Purification from gaseous sulfur compounds including gaseous sulfides by processes comprising a dry catalytic conversion of hydrogen sulfide-containing gases, e.g. the Claus process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B17/00—Sulfur; Compounds thereof
    • C01B17/69—Sulfur trioxide; Sulfuric acid
    • C01B17/74—Preparation
    • C01B17/76—Preparation by contact processes
    • C01B17/775—Liquid phase contacting processes or wet catalysis processes

Definitions

  • a method for treating a sulfur-containing gas stream The present invention relates to a method for treating a sulfur-containing gas stream, in particular a gas stream containing 3 ⁇ 4S and/or SO 2 .
  • the Ca (OH) 2 solution is made by several sequences, such as CaO grinding, manufacturing of a solution, multistage filtration and dilution.
  • the calcium sulfite hyperoxidation needs air, and the atomizing nozzle is easily plugged during operation.
  • the NaOH solution is costly and the washing process discharges a large waste water stream.
  • the ammonia absorption process needs an oxidizing process to obtain (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , and the tower circulation flow is very big, causing the need for a large column diameter, and in order to achieve (NH 4 ) 2 S0 4 , it is necessary to blow large amounts of air into the column to oxidize the sulfite and hydrosulfite .
  • the present invention provides a process in which a sulfur-containing gas stream is efficiently converted to elemental sulfur and, if so desired, sulfuric acid while the sulfur content of the flue gas is so low that direct provision to the atmosphere is possible, while at the same time efficient use is made of energy and resources.
  • the present invention pertains to a method for treating a sulfur-containing gas stream, comprising the steps of (1) providing a gas stream comprising H 2 S and SO 2 to a Claus reactor where it is contacted under reaction conditions with a catalyst, to form a product comprising elemental sulfur, water, and residual H 2 S and S €1 ⁇ 2,
  • the integrated method according to the invention combined a high yield of elemental sulfur with efficient removal of remaining sulfur compounds from the tail gas, and formation of sulfuric acid which can be recycled back into the process to form elemental sulfur, and/or be recovered separately. More specifically, it has been found that the process according to the invention can simultaneously fulfill both the highest sulfur recovery requirements and the lowest SO 2 emission requirements known in the industry today. This is a unique feature of the process according to the invention. Additional embodiments and advantages of the present invention will become clear from the further specification.
  • the process according to the invention starts out with a gas stream comprising 3 ⁇ 4S and S0 2 , which is provided to a catalytic Claus reactor.
  • the gas stream provided to the catalytic Claus reactor generally contains between 0.5 and 8 vol . % of H 2 S , in particular between 2.0 and 6 vol . % of H 2 S .
  • the gas stream generally contains between 0.3 and 5 vol . % of S0 2 , in particular between 1.0 and 3 vol. ! of S0 2 .
  • the gas stream comprising H 2 S and S0 2 may be obtained in various manners, depending on the concentration of the H2S stream that is available.
  • the gas stream comprising H 2 S and S0 2 is obtained through partial combustion of a gas stream containing H 2 S .
  • the gas stream subjected to partial combustion may contain, e.g., at least 15 vol . % of H 2 S . It is preferred, however, for the gas stream to contain a relatively high concentration of H 2 S , e.g., at least 30 vol . % , more in particular at least 35 vol . % .
  • the gas stream may contain up to 100 vol . % of H 2 S . In one embodiment the gas stream contains at least 55 vol . % of H 2 S, in particular at least 60 vol . % of H 2 S . In another embodiment the gas stream contains between 15 and up to 55 vol . % of H 2 S .
  • the gas stream containing H 2 S is partially combusted to form a gas stream comprising H 2 S and S0 2 .
  • the combustion step is carried out in the presence of oxygen, which can be provided using an oxygen-containing gas such as oxygen, air, or air to which additional oxygen has been added.
  • oxygen can be provided using an oxygen-containing gas such as oxygen, air, or air to which additional oxygen has been added.
  • fuel gas may be added to the combustion step to raise the temperature.
  • the fuel gas for the combustion step if present, may be any kind of combustible gas, solid, or liguid.
  • the combustion temperature generally is in the range of 350-1400°C, preferably in the range of 1G00-1350°C.
  • a burner is generally used, with or without atomizing fluid . It is preferred for the burner to atomize air or steam. The use of a burner which atomizes steam is particularly preferred, because steam is the most efficient atomizing fluid, and is readily available in the maj ority of cases .
  • the gas to be provided to the combustion step is preheated to a temperature of 80TM400°C, in particular 80-220°C.
  • the gas resulting from the combustion reaction in the burner comprises 3 ⁇ 45 and S0 2 .
  • the gas contains between 1 and 60 vol . % of H 2 S, in particular between 10 and 30 vol . % of H 2 S.
  • the gas contains between 0.5 and 30 vol . % of S0 2 , in particular between 5 and 15 vol . % of SO 2 .
  • the molar ratio between H 2 S and S0 2 generally is between 4 : 1 and 0.5:1, in particular between 3 : 1 and 1.5:1, still more in particular between 2.1:1 and 1.9:1.
  • the gas contains between 0.5 and 8 vol . % of H 2 S, in particular between 2.0 and 6 vol . % of H 2 S .
  • the gas contains between 0.3 and 5 vol. % of S0 2r in particular between 1.0 and 3 vol . % of SO 2 .
  • this gas After removing the elemental sulfur by a low temperature condensing step this gas is suitable for further processing in the catalytic Claus reactor.
  • composition of the gas from the combustion chamber (also sometimes indicated as combustion reactor or thermal reactor) is dependent on the composition of the gas provided to the combustion step, on the combustion conditions, and on the amount of oxygen provided during the combustion step. It is within the scope of the skilled person to select the parameters in such a manner that a gas with a suitable composition is obtained .
  • the gas resulting from the combustion step may be provided directly to the Claus reactor, or may be subjected to intermediate processing steps such as heating up, cooling down, Heating up by of the gas to the required Claus reactor inlet temperature may be necessary by means of direct heating or a heat exchanger.
  • the heating medium can be steam, hot oil, hot gas, hot gas derived from fuel gas combustion with an oxygen containing gas stream, or an electric type heat exchanger using an electric power source.
  • gas obtained from the combustion step is provided directly to the Claus reactor, whether or not after an intermediate cooling of heating step, with an intermediate cooling step being more often required.
  • the starting gas stream comprising 3 ⁇ 4S and S0 2 is not derived from a partial combustion step as described above, but from other sources.
  • the starting gas stream containing 3 ⁇ 4S and SO 2 is obtained by adding 5(3 ⁇ 4 to a gas stream containing H 2 S in an amount of, say, 1-15 vol . % , in particular 1 to 8 vol . % .
  • the amount of S0 2 to be added is governed by the desired composition of the gas to be provided to the catalytic Claus reactor, as has been discussed in more detail above.
  • the process according to the invention is a suitable outlet for relatively lean H 2 S-containing gas streams. This is of particular interest, as the other currently available processes to treat these gases to form elemental sulfur are troublesome to operate, have low recovery efficiency, and have high investment costs. Further, they often yield a sulfur product with low guality.
  • the S02 used in this embodiment can, e.g., be obtained by combustion of elemental sulfur with oxygen in a combustion chamber, and subsequent cooling in a heat exchanger, if this is required.
  • H 2 S For gas streams containing an intermediate amount of H 2 S, e.g. , in the range of 5-30 vol . % , more in particular 8-15 vol . % , a further approach may be followed.
  • This gas has a H 2 S content which is less preferred for direct provision to the catalytic Claus reactor.
  • this gas is subjected to the partial combustion step as described above, the 3 ⁇ 4S concentration will be undesirably low. Further, this process is difficult to carry out through dependable methods.
  • step (1) of the process according to the invention is provided in step (1) of the process according to the invention to a Claus reactor where it is contacted under reaction conditions with a catalyst, to form a product comprising elemental sulfur, water, and residual H 2 S and S0 2 , in accordance with the following formula:
  • the starting gas stream generally comprises between 0.5 and 8 vol . % of 3 ⁇ 4S, in particular between 2.0 and 6 vol . % of H S .
  • the gas stream generally comprises between 0.3 and 5 vol . % of S01 ⁇ 2, in particular between 1.0 and 3 vol . % of SO 2 .
  • the molar ratio between H 2 S and S0 2 generally is between 4 : 1 and 0.5:1, in particular between 3 : 1 and 1.5:1, still more in particular between 2.1:1 and 1.9:1.
  • the gas stream may also comprise one or more of the following components, e.g., water, e.g., in an amount of 10-30 wt . % .
  • the gas comprising H 2 S and S0 2 is contacted under reaction conditions with a catalyst, to form a gas product comprising elemental sulfur, water, and a tail gas containing residual H 2 S and S0 2 .
  • Claus reactors, catalysts, and reaction conditions are known in the art.
  • Reaction conditions include, e.g., a temperature in the range of 200 to 350°C, in particular 220 to 300°C and a pressure of , e.g., 0.1 bar gauge to 3 bar gauge, in particular 0.3 bar gauge to 1.5 bar gauge, still more in particular 0.6 bar gauge to 0.8 bar gauge.
  • Suitable catalysts include those known in the art such catalysts containing alumina and/or titania .
  • the gas product comprising elemental sulfur, water, and a tail gas containing residual H 2 S and SG1 ⁇ 2 is provided to a condenser to condense the elemental sulfur .
  • the tail gas may if so desired be provided to a further Claus reactor followed by a further condenser, which again may be followed by further reactor condensor sets.
  • the number of Claus reactor / condenser assemblies used in the process according to the invention is not critical, it generally ranges from 2 to 4 ,
  • the tail gas from the final Claus reactor generally has to following composition:
  • the gas contains between 0.2 and 10 vol . % of 3 ⁇ 4S, in particular between 0.5 and 3 vol . % of H 2 S .
  • the gas contains between 0.1 and 5 vol . % of S0 2 , in particular between 0.2 and 1.5 vol . % of S0 2 .
  • the molar ratio between H 2 S and SC1 ⁇ 2 generally is between 3:1 and 1 : 1 , more in particular between 2.1:1 and 1.5:1.
  • the tail gas may contain COS, e.g., in an amount of 0 to 0.2 vol . % , and/or CS 2 , in an amount of 0 to 0.2 vol . % .
  • the gas is provided to an oxidation step, where it is contacted with oxygen to convert the sulfur compounds to S0 2 .
  • the main reactions are:
  • oxygen containing gas may be added to the tail gas. This depends on the amount of oxygen already present in the gas as it leaves the Claus reactor. Oxygen may or may not be present in this gas. Whether or not oxygen has to be added and if so how much also depends on the concentration of components that will react with oxygen, such as 3 ⁇ 4S, COS, CS 2 , vapor-phase elemental sulfur, but also CO and H 2 . It is within the scope of the skilled person to calculate the required amount of oxygen. After the addition, the oxygen content is generally in the range of 3 - 15 vol%. The oxygen may be provided as normal air, or other oxygen-containing gases, such as air to which additional oxygen has been added.
  • the reaction temperature in this step generally is 300-800°C, best between 400-700°C.
  • fuel gas may be added to the oxidation step to raise the temperature.
  • the fuel gas for the oxidation step if present, may be any kind of combustible gas, solid, or liquid .
  • the product from the oxidation step is a gas stream wherein at least 95% of the sulfur is present, in the form of S0 2 , more in particular at least 97% of the sulfur is present in the form of S0 2 , still more in particular at least 99%. More in particular, at least 99.9% of the sulfur is present in the form of S0 2 -
  • the gas stream generally contains between 0.1 and 5 vol . % of S0 2 , in particular between 0.3 and 3 vol . % of S0 2 .
  • the gas stream may further contain other components, e.g., water, generally in an amount of 10-30 vol . %, nitrogen, e.g., in an amount of 50-70 vol . % , C0 2 , e.g., in an amount of 1- 0 vol . % , NOx, e.g., in an amount of 0 to 1000 ppm, and oxygen, e.g., in an amount of 2-8 vol . % .
  • the H 2 S content preferably is very low, e.g., in the range of 0-20 ppm, in particular 0-10 ppm.
  • CO and hydrogen may, e.g., be present in an amount of 0-3000 ppm, in particular 0-1000 ppm, more in particular 0-600 ppm for each compound.
  • the gas may also contain minor amounts of COS and CS 2 , e.g. for each compound in an amount of 0-20 ppm, in particular 0-10 ppm.
  • the SO 2 -containing gas stream is provided to a reactor where the S0 2 is converted at least in part to SO 3 .
  • the oxidation reaction is generally carried out in the presence of a catalyst, which can be any S0 2 /S0 3 conversion catalysts for, such as vanadium based catalyst ( anadic oxide and its carrier), or platinum based catalyst.
  • the S01 ⁇ 2 to SO 3 conversion is an exothermic reaction, and it is necessary to cool the process gas gradually in the heat exchanger.
  • the best option for the cooling medium is air (but it can also be considered to use oil, water or steam) .
  • the cooling air from the SCh to SO 3 conversion unit is returned in whole or in part to one or more of the combustion step, the oxidation step, or other section as oxygen supply.
  • At least 95 % of the sulfur is present in the form of S0 3 , in particular at least 97 %, more in particular at least 99%.
  • the effluent from the S0 3 formation step is hydrated and cooled by contacting it with water to form sulfuric acid.
  • concentration of sulfuric acid in the resulting product is 10-98 wt . %, preferably 50 to 90 wt . %, more preferably 75 to 85 wt . % .
  • the temperature generally is 30-300 °C, preferably 200 to 250°C.
  • the sulfuric acid may sometimes contain trace amounts of sulfinic acid, formed as a result of the presence of trace S02. If present, the sulfinic acid is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 wt . % , calculated on sulfuric acid.
  • the tail gas from the hydration step has a very low SC1 ⁇ 2 content .
  • the amount of SC1 ⁇ 2 in the tail gas or flue gas is in the range of 0 to 1 mol.% more specifically in the range of 0 to 0.5 mol.%.
  • the H 2 S content of the tail gas from the hydration unit preferably is very low, e.g., in the range of 0-20 ppm, in particular 0-10 ppm, or even in the range of 0-5 ppm.
  • the content of COS and CS 2 if present at all is preferably also very low, e.g., in an amount of 0-20 ppm, in particular 0-10 ppm. for each compound.
  • CO and hydrogen may, e.g., be present in an amount of 0-3000 ppm, in particular 0-1000 ppm, more in particular 0-600 ppm for each compound.
  • the tail gas can be sent to the downstream unit for further treatment and released to the atmosphere. It is a particular feature of the invention that the tail gas may in some embodiments be directly released into the atmosphere as it may meet all presently known environmental requirements.
  • the sulfuric acid and, if present, sulfinic acid can be discharged directly. It should be noted that the sulfuric acid has a purity which is sufficiently high for it to be used as starting material in other processes.
  • the sulfuric acid may also be recycled in whole or in part. E.g. it can be returned back to the H 2 S combustion step described above, if present. It can also be provided to a step where S02 is manufactured by combustion of elemental sulfur, e.g., in the case where gases with a low H2S content are processed .
  • the sulfuric acid can react with H 2 S in the acid gas to obtain S0 2 and elemental sulfur, in accordance with the following formula:
  • H2SO4 S0 2 + O.SO 2 + H 2 0
  • H 2 S + H2SO4 S + S0 2 + 2H 2 0
  • the trace amount of sulfinic acid, if present, will decompose in the combustion step to SO 2 , which can react with H 2 S in the acid gas to obtain elemental sulfur.
  • a particular feature of the present invention is that it allows reuse of various gas streams.
  • the oxygen-containing hot gas withdrawn from the hydration unit is provided in whole or in part to one or more of the combustion step, if present , the oxidation unit , the S02 conversion unit, or a unit where elemental sulfur is combusted to form S02 , if present .
  • cooling air from the S02 to S03 conversion unit is returned in whole or in part to one or more of the combustion step, the oxidation step or other section as oxygen supply .
  • cooling can be achieved by raising valuable steam and/or heating boiler feed water and/or heating hot oil for general use in the plant or other facilities .
  • the present invention provides a process wherein 3 ⁇ 4S containing gas streams can efficiently be converted to elemental sulfur and sulfuric acid, which are both suitable for further processing as desired. Due to the integration of the various process steps optimum use may be made of the various recycle possibilities. Further, a particular advantage of the present invention is that not only elemental sulfur can be recovered after treating, but the tail gas is also able to meet emission requirements .
  • the air from the heat exchanger mentioned above can be the source of oxygen, so reaction heat can be recovered and resources recycled.
  • the process according to the invention makes it possible to achieve an overall achievable sulfur recovery figure of 99.99 %, and this is particularly attractive in combination with the low S02 emissions.
  • the process according to the invention can simultaneously fulfill both the highest sulfur recovery requirements and the lowest SO 2 emission requirements known in the industry today. This is a unique feature of the process according to the invention.
  • the process according to the invention dispenses with the need to use caustic washing processes, which lead to loss of elemental sulfur which put additional loads on the downstream unit.
  • the sulfur content in the discharged gas from this invented process is very low, achieving higher sulfur recovery efficiency.
  • the process in this invention is easy to operate, effectively purifies the acid gas and adopts a simplified acid gas treating process scheme, reducing operating costs and difficulties and making it suitable for use in many different applications .
  • a cooling step 12 which is e.g. a condensor
  • 31 and 32 are sulfur condensors , where elemental sulfur is removed from the gas stream
  • S0 2 converter where S0 2 is converted into S0 3 6 is the hydration unit where SO 3 is reacted with water to form sulfuric acid and optionally trace amounts of sulfinic acid
  • Acid gas G comprising H 2 S with a temperature of about 40°C is provided to a combustion reactor 11 together with oxygen containing gas provided through a line from the condenser 6 (air, pure oxygen, or other oxygen-containing gas) (and if necessary additional air through feeds not shown) .
  • oxygen containing gas provided through a line from the condenser 6 (air, pure oxygen, or other oxygen-containing gas) (and if necessary additional air through feeds not shown) .
  • vapor phase elemental sulfur is obtained and a gas mixture containing H 2 S and SO1 ⁇ 2.
  • the gas mixture is provided to a condenser/cooler 12, where the elemental sulfur is removed (arrow SI) .
  • the gas mixture containing H 2 S and S0 2 is provided to Claus reactor 21, where H 2 S and S0 2 react to form elemental sulfur.
  • the effluent from the Claus reactor is provided, to a condenser 31, where elemental sulfur is removed.
  • the Claus tail gas from which the elemental sulfur is removed is provided to a second Claus reactor 22, which is followed by a second condenser 32. Further Claus reactors/condensers may be present.
  • the effluent from the last condenser is combined with hot air from the hydration unit 6 are preheated to 350 °C and then thermally incinerated in the oxidation chamber 4 to convert sulfur compounds into S0 2 under a temperature between 300-800 °C .
  • the gas containing S0 2 is mixed with the hot air from 11 and enters the S0 2 converter 5 to obtain S0 3 ,
  • the required quantity of air is calculated by measuring the flue gas flow and the 0 2 and S0 2 contents in the incinerator flue gas to get the theoretical air demand.
  • the actual air demand is 12% higher than the theoretical air demand.
  • the converter catalyst is a vanadium based catalyst (such as vanadic oxide) , and the reaction is carried out at a space velocity of 3000 h - 1 .
  • the temperature is, e.g., 500°C.
  • the SO3 containing gas from convertor 5 enters hydration unit 6, also indicated as condenser.
  • the cooling medium is oxygen enriched air 10, entering through line A.
  • the cooling medium enters the condenser to cool the SO 3 containing gas and heated air 1 is emitted through line B .
  • the S0 3 containing gas is cooled to about 100 °C, meanwhile sulfuric acid and, if formed, trace amounts of sulfinic acid are obtained in the bottom of the condenser 6, and withdrawn through line SA.
  • the sulfuric acid and, where present , sulfinic acid may be returned in whole or in part to the combustion step 1 through return line SA2 to be converted into elemental sulfur ,
  • the sulfuric acid and, where present , sulfinic acid also be removed from the system for further uses through removal line SA1.
  • the tail gas (or flue gas ) stream from condenser 6 contains hardly any sulfur compounds, and may be emitted to the atmosphere through line 0 or otherwise processed further .
  • the equipment to be used in this case such as incinerator, Claus reactor, and thermal stage, are all general equipment widely known and used by the technical people and operators in this field .
  • the acid feed gas flow is 5333.25kg/h .
  • the S02 content in the tail gas of the hydration unit is less than 106mg/Nm 3 , which makes it suitable for direct emission to the atmosphere.
  • the process of this example shows a sulfur recovery yield of more than 93.9%, specifically 99.96%, with an SC1 ⁇ 2 content in the hydration unit tail gas of 0.0037 mol . % .
  • Acid gas with a H 2 S content of 1-8 mol. % and a temperature of about 40 °C is mixed with a S0 2 containing gas such that in the mixture the molar ratio between H 2 S and SO 2 is between 3 : 1 and 0.5 : 1, more particular between 2.1 :1 and 1.9 : 1.
  • the S0 2 containing gas is not available in adequate quantity and composition . Therefore the gas is generated by the combustion of elemental sulfur, as produced in the downstream Claus reactors and sulfur condensers or a sulfur species containing gas.
  • an oxygen containing gas pure oxygen, air enriched with oxygen or normal air can be used .
  • the combustion of sulfur takes place in a suitable burner and combustion chamber with or without an atomizing fluid and may be assisted by co- firing fuel gas , any kind of combustible gas , solid or liquid .
  • the combustion temperature in the combustion chamber is generally in the range of 700 - 1500 °C, preferably in the range of 1000-1300 °C .
  • the SO 2 containing gas is cooled in a heat exchanger by means of a suitable cooling fluid such as steam, water, oil or air .
  • a fire-tube waste heat boiler type heat exchanger is used whereby steam is produced from boiler feed water generally at a pressure in the range of 15- 50 Bar(g) , more particular in the range of 25-45 Bar(g) .
  • the temperature of the SO 2 containing gas from the heat exchanger is adjusted such that after mixing with the H 2 S containing acid gas the required inlet temperature of the Claus reactor is obtained which generally is in the range of 180-260 °C, in particular in the range of 210-240 °C .
  • a heat exchanger may be included to slightly heat up the SO 2 containing gas in order to obtain a more precise inlet temperature of the Claus reactor .
  • This heat exchanger can be provided with a heating fluid such as steam, hot water o hot oil , or the heater can be of the electric type .
  • the mixture of H 2 S containing acid gas and the S0 2 containing gas is introduced into the catalytic Claus reactor and further processed according to the invention as described in Example 1. If so desired, sulfuric acid can be recycled to the SO 2 generation step and decomposed .
  • the acid gas with a H 2 S content of 8-15 mol . % is introduced in the combustion chamber of the S0 2 generation step .
  • the S0 2 containing gas is produced as described above .
  • the temperature in the combustion chamber is maintained in the desired range by co-firing fuel gas , any kind of combustible gas , solid or liquid .
  • the cooling of the gas takes place in a heat exchanger as described above followed by a sulfur condenser whereby sulfur is condensed and separated from, the gas stream.
  • the resulting gas stream contains H 2 S in the range of 0.5- 8 mol . % and S0 2 in the range of 0.2-5 mol % suitable for treatment in a Claus reactor.
  • the gas is heated up to the required inlet temperature of the Claus reactor as described above and further processed according to the invention.
  • sulfuric acid can be recycled to the S0 2 generation step and decomposed.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé pour le traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du soufre, comprenant les étapes consistant à (1) introduire un courant de gaz comprenant du H2S et du SO2 dans un réacteur Claus où il est mis en contact dans des conditions de réaction avec un catalyseur, pour former un produit comprenant du soufre élémentaire, de l'eau et du H2S et du SO2 résiduels ; (2) mettre en contact un gaz résiduaire provenant d'un réacteur Claus qui comprend du H2S et du SO2 avec de l'oxygène dans une étape d'oxydation dans des conditions oxydantes pour obtenir un courant de gaz comprenant du SO2 ; (3) mettre en contact le courant de gaz contenant du SO2 avec un catalyseur dans une étape de conversion de SO2 pour former un courant de gaz comprenant du SO3 ; et (4) mettre en contact le courant de gaz comprenant du SO3 avec de l'eau dans des conditions d'hydratation pour former de l'acide sulfurique. La présente invention porte également sur un procédé dans lequel un courant de gaz contenant du soufre est efficacement converti en soufre élémentaire et, si on le souhaite, en acide sulfurique alors que la teneur en soufre du gaz effluent est si basse que l'émission directe vers l'atmosphère est possible, alors qu'en même temps une utilisation efficace de l'énergie et des ressources est réalisée.
PCT/EP2012/058768 2011-05-11 2012-05-11 Procédé pour le traitement d'un courant de gaz contenant du soufre Ceased WO2012152919A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2011101214127A CN102198365B (zh) 2011-05-11 2011-05-11 一种酸性气的处理方法
CN201110121412.7 2011-05-11

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WO2012152919A1 true WO2012152919A1 (fr) 2012-11-15

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CN (1) CN102198365B (fr)
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