[go: up one dir, main page]

WO2012039882A2 - Procédés de formage à haute température pour matériaux métalliques - Google Patents

Procédés de formage à haute température pour matériaux métalliques Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2012039882A2
WO2012039882A2 PCT/US2011/049052 US2011049052W WO2012039882A2 WO 2012039882 A2 WO2012039882 A2 WO 2012039882A2 US 2011049052 W US2011049052 W US 2011049052W WO 2012039882 A2 WO2012039882 A2 WO 2012039882A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
alloy
metallic
region
bending
metallic article
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/049052
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2012039882A3 (fr
Inventor
Njall Stefansson
Andrew Nichols
Michael Cleppe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ATI Properties LLC
Original Assignee
ATI Properties LLC
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ATI Properties LLC filed Critical ATI Properties LLC
Priority to CA2810501A priority Critical patent/CA2810501A1/fr
Priority to CN2011800452408A priority patent/CN103118815A/zh
Priority to BR112013006529A priority patent/BR112013006529A2/pt
Priority to KR1020137006974A priority patent/KR20130100294A/ko
Priority to RU2013118216/02A priority patent/RU2013118216A/ru
Priority to AU2011305970A priority patent/AU2011305970A1/en
Priority to JP2013529166A priority patent/JP2013543443A/ja
Priority to SG2013019237A priority patent/SG189002A1/en
Priority to EP11757452.5A priority patent/EP2618951A2/fr
Priority to MX2013003126A priority patent/MX2013003126A/es
Publication of WO2012039882A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012039882A2/fr
Publication of WO2012039882A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012039882A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D5/00—Bending sheet metal along straight lines, e.g. to form simple curves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J17/00—Forge furnaces
    • B21J17/02—Forge furnaces electrically heated
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J1/00—Preparing metal stock or similar ancillary operations prior, during or post forging, e.g. heating or cooling
    • B21J1/06—Heating or cooling methods or arrangements specially adapted for performing forging or pressing operations
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/42—Induction heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D10/00—Modifying the physical properties by methods other than heat treatment or deformation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/13—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by hot working
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/10—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of nickel or cobalt or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H5/00—Armour; Armour plates
    • F41H5/02—Plate construction
    • F41H5/04—Plate construction composed of more than one layer
    • F41H5/0442—Layered armour containing metal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B6/00—Heating by electric, magnetic or electromagnetic fields
    • H05B6/02—Induction heating
    • H05B6/10—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications
    • H05B6/105—Induction heating apparatus, other than furnaces, for specific applications using a susceptor
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2221/00—Treating localised areas of an article
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present disclosure is directed to methods of forming hard-to-form metallic materials, i.e., metals and metal alloys, using localized direct or indirect induction heating.
  • Conventional techniques of making parts from hard-to-form metallic materials may include: welding together multiple pieces; machining or hogging out whole sections to provide desired shapes; and advanced forming techniques, such as net shape casting, forging, super-plastic forming, and the like.
  • Many conventional part making techniques have limitations due to degradation of metal properties that exclude the techniques from use with hard-to-form metallic materials. For example, a heat affected zone my result from welding, and machining and casting defects may exist that are not readily detectable.
  • Conventional forming of hard-to-form metallic materials normally involves significant post-forming operations for surface repair, flatness control, dimensional stability, cosmetic repair, and adjustment/ recovery of desired mechanical properties.
  • Fabricators have employed direct heating of hard-to-form metals and metal alloys with classic open torch technology, such as rose-bud torch technology. These methods, however, have met with only mixed success and generally are less successful as the size of the component or part increases. Poor temperature control and poor uniformity of heating is a common drawback of such methods.
  • open torch technology to heat a bend region of alpha+beta titanium alloy plate, for example, can produce undesirable phase transformations due to poor temperature control, resulting in beta phase at the surface of the plate, with an increasing
  • the plate is heated to superplastic temperatures, e.g., 1650°F (898.9°C), and forming takes place using a press ram. Completion of a part is accomplished by machining the formed plate.
  • superplastic temperatures e.g., 1650°F (898.9°C)
  • Completion of a part is accomplished by machining the formed plate.
  • the '360 patent states that a 7.87 inch (20 cm) thick plate can be bent to about 130° with a 5 inch (12.7 cm) to 6 inch (15.24 cm) inner radius bend.
  • a 2 inch (5.08 cm) thick plate was formed with a complex curvature exceeding a 12 inch (30.48 cm) depth over an area of 30x60 inches (76.2.x152.4 cm).
  • One drawback of the method described in the '360 patent is the high temperature and specialized equipment required to achieve superplasticity in the alloy plate. [0006] In light of the above discussion, there is a need for improved methods to bend and otherwise form hard-to-form metallic
  • a method of forming a metallic article comprises inductively heating a localized region of a metallic article to a forming temperature.
  • the forming temperature is in a forming temperature range of 0.20 to 0.50 of a melting temperature of the material from which the metallic article is comprised. After inductively heating the localized region, the metallic article is formed in the localized region.
  • forming the metallic article comprises at least one of bending, drawing, punching, stamping, and roll forming the metallic article.
  • the metallic article comprises a material selected from a titanium alloy, a nickel-base alloy, a stainless steel alloy, a high-strength low-alloy steel, and an armor steel alloy.
  • a method of bending a metallic plate includes inductively heating a lineal region of the metallic plate to a bending temperature.
  • the bending temperature is in a bending temperature range of 0.2 to 0.5 of a melting temperature of the metallic material from which the metallic plate is comprised. After inductively heating the lineal region of the metallic plate, the plate is bent along (i.e., in) the lineal region.
  • the metallic material from which the metallic plate is comprised is a material selected from a titanium alloy, a nickel-base alloy, a stainless steel alloy, a high-strength low-alloy steel and an armor steel alloy.
  • a method of forming a metallic material includes placing a metallic article comprising a material selected from a metal and a metal alloy on a ferrous alloy surface.
  • the ferrous alloy surface is inductively heated to a predetermined temperature in a localized region of the ferrous alloy surface that is in contact with a localized region of the metallic article, and the localized region of the metallic article is thereby conductively heated to a forming temperature within a forming temperature range.
  • the metallic article is formed in the localized region.
  • the metallic article comprises a metallic material selected from a titanium alloy, a nickel-base alloy, a stainless steel alloy, a high-strength low-alloy steel, and an armor steel alloy.
  • the forming temperature range is 0.2 to 0.5 of a melting temperature of the metallic material.
  • a method of bending a metallic plate includes placing a metallic plate comprising a metallic material selected from a metal and a metal alloy on a ferrous alloy surface.
  • a lineal region of the ferrous alloy surface in contact with a lineal region of the plate is inductively heated to a predetermined temperature, and a lineal region of the metallic plate is thereby conductively heated to a bending temperature within a bending temperature range.
  • the metallic plate is bent in the lineal region of the metallic plate.
  • the bending temperature range is 0.2 to 0.5 of a melting temperature of the metallic material.
  • the metallic plate comprises a metallic material selected from a titanium alloy, a nickel-base alloy, a stainless steel alloy, a high-strength low-alloy steel, and an armor steel alloy.
  • a device for indirect localized heating of a metallic article including a material selected from a metal and a metal alloy comprises a support that includes a ferrous alloy surface, and at least one induction heating device.
  • the at least one induction heating device is positioned and adapted to inductively heat a localized region of the ferrous alloy surface.
  • the inductively heated localized region of the ferrous alloy surface is adapted to heat a localized region of a metallic article that is positioned on the ferrous alloy surface to a predetermined temperature.
  • a device for direct localized heating of a metallic article including a material selected from a metal and a metal alloy comprises a support including a support surface. At least one induction heating device is positioned and adapted to inductively heat a localized region of the metallic article positioned on the support surface to a predetermined temperature. The support and the support surface comprise a material that is not inductively heated by the at least one induction heating device.
  • An additional aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a system for bending a metallic article comprising a material selected from a metal and a metal alloy.
  • the system includes a support including a ferrous alloy surface, and at least one induction heating device.
  • the at least one induction heating device is positioned and adapted to inductively heat a predetermined lineal region of the ferrous alloy surface.
  • the inductively heated lineal region of the ferrous alloy surface is adapted to
  • the system further includes a metallic material bending apparatus positioned proximate the ferrous alloy surface and adapted to bend the metallic article along the lineal region before the lineal region cools below the bending temperature range.
  • Another aspect of the present disclosure is directed to a formed ballistic armor plate comprising a metallic material selected from a titanium alloy, a nickel-base alloy, a stainless steel alloy, a high-strength low-alloy steel, and an armor steel alloy, and wherein the plate has at least one bend region having a bend radius of at least 2t.
  • the formed ballistic plate may be provided as, for example, a monolithic hull, a V- shaped hull, a blast protective vehicle underbelly, or an enclosure.
  • a further aspect of the present disclosure is directed to an article of manufacture including a formed ballistic armor plate according to the present disclosure.
  • the formed ballistic plate may be in the form of, for example, a monolithic hull, a V- shaped hull, a blast protective vehicle underbelly, or an enclosure.
  • the formed ballistic plate may include one of a titanium alloy, a nickel- base alloy, a stainless steel alloy, a high-strength low-alloy steel, and an armor steel alloy, and may include at least one bend region having a bend radius of at least 2t.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram of a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure of a method for forming an article comprising a hard-to form metallic material;
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure of a method including inductively heating a lineal region of a plate or sheet of a hard-to-form metallic material;
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure of a method for bending or otherwise forming a plate, sheet, or other article of a hard-to-form metallic material;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure of a method utilizing indirect induction heating to indirectly heat a lineal or other localized region of a hard-to-form metallic plate, sheet, or other article in order to form the metallic article;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting embodiment of a device including a support comprising a ferrous alloy surface, and at least one induction heater.
  • the at least one induction heater is positioned and adapted to inductively heat a localized region of the ferrous alloy surface in a substantially uniform manner to thereby conductively heat a localized region of a metallic article in a substantially uniform manner;
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting embodiment of a device including a support and at least one induction heater.
  • the at least one induction heater is positioned and adapted to inductively heat a localized region of a metallic article positioned on the surface of the support in a substantially uniform manner.
  • the support comprises material that is not inductively heated by the at least one induction heater;
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b depict schematic representations of a non-limiting embodiment of a support for a device for direct and indirect induction heating of a localized region of a metallic article
  • FIG. 8 depicts a non-limiting embodiment of a system for forming a metallic article, wherein the device includes an induction heating device adapted to heat a localized region of a metallic article, and a forming apparatus situated near the induction heating device to enable forming of the metallic article before the temperature of the localized region of the metallic article cools below a forming temperature range;
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting embodiment according the present disclosure of a formed ballistic armor plate having at least one bend radius of about 2t;
  • FIG. 10 is a photograph of a non-limiting embodiment of a heating device according to the present disclosure, in the form of a heating table;
  • FIG. 1 1 is a photograph of 1 -inch (2.54 cm) thick ATI 425® titanium alloy (Ti-4AI-2.5V-1 .5Fe-0.25O 2 (UNS R54250)) plate samples bent to increasing radii of 1 t through 6t using a non-limiting embodiment of a method according to the present disclosure; and [0028] FIG. 12 is a plot of temperatures within a localized region of a titanium alloy inductively heated for 900 seconds and then cooled for 60 seconds as a function of distance from the centerline of the heated localized region.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram schematically presenting a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure of a method for elevated temperature forming of a metallic article comprising a hard-to-form metallic material.
  • hard-to-form metallic material refers to metals and metal alloys having high strength and low ductility at a forming temperature, and to metals and metal alloys that flow soften upon deformation.
  • a hard-to-form metallic material has less than a 10% difference in tensile strength and yield strength at a forming temperature.
  • a hard-to-form metallic material is a metal or metal alloy that exhibits a high spring back, such as is the case with titanium alloys, for example.
  • hard-to-form metallic materials include, for example, titanium alloys, nickel-base alloys, and specialty steels (e.g., stainless steel, high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA), and armor steel alloys).
  • metallic refers to a material or article comprising a metal and/or metal alloy.
  • FIG. 1 refers to specific hard-to-form metallic materials
  • the embodiments described herein also may be used in forming high purity metals, commercially pure metals, and other metal alloys that either are or are not considered hard-to-form metallic materials.
  • any reference to a "metal alloy" in the succeeding discussion of embodiments according to the present disclosure is inclusive of the unalloyed base metal.
  • One non-limiting example of a hard-to-form high purity metal that may be processed according to embodiments disclosed herein is high purity zirconium.
  • a non-limiting method 10 for forming a metallic article comprises inductively heating 12 a localized region of the metallic article to a forming temperature in a forming temperature range.
  • the forming temperature is in a forming temperature range of 0.2 to 0.5 of the melting temperature (T m ) of the metal or metal alloy comprising the metallic article.
  • the forming temperature is in a forming temperature range of 0.24 to 0.3 of a melting temperature of the metal or metal alloy comprising the metallic article.
  • T m melting temperature
  • the forming temperature range is about 0.2 of the melting temperature to a temperature less than the recrystallization temperature of the metal or metal alloy comprising the metallic article.
  • the "melting temperature” is defined as being the lowest temperature at which incipient melting of the metal or metal alloy occurs.
  • the "recrystallization temperature” is defined as the lowest temperature at which the distorted grain structure of a cold-worked metal or metal alloy is replaced by a new, strain-free grain structure during prolonged heating.
  • a "titanium alloy” is a metallic alloy including titanium as the predominant element.
  • a “nickel base alloy” is a metallic alloy including nickel as the predominant element.
  • a "specialty steel” is selected from categories of steel including, but not limited to, electric steels, alloy steels, stainless steels (including, ferritic, martensitic, austenitic, super-austenitic, duplex, and precipitation hardening stainless steels), tool steels, maraging steels, armor steel alloys, high strength low alloy steels, and wear steels.
  • the metallic article may comprise, but is not limited to, techniques selected from bending, drawing, punching, stamping, and roll forming.
  • the metallic article comprises a mill product.
  • a "mill product” is any metallic (i.e., metal or metal alloy) article that is used as-fabricated or is further fabricated into a finished product.
  • the mill product is selected from an ingot, a billet, a bloom, a round bar, a square bar, an extrusion, a tube, a pipe, a slab, a sheet, and a plate.
  • the metallic article comprises a metallic plate
  • the localized region of the metallic plate that is inductively heated comprises a lineal region
  • forming 14 the metallic plate comprises bending the metallic plate in the lineal region of the metallic plate.
  • a “localized region” is an area of a metallic article that will be plastically deformed during a forming step.
  • a “localized region” also may include one or more areas immediately adjacent to the area of the metallic article that will be plastically deformed.
  • the localized region may extend up to about 0.5 inch (1 .27 cm), up to about 1 inch (2.54 cm), up to about 2 inches (5.04 cm), up to about 3 inches (7.62 cm), up to about 4 inches (10.16 cm), or a greater distance from the area of the metallic article that will be plastically deformed.
  • in addition to inductively heating the area that will be plastically deformed it may be desirable to inductively heat one or more areas immediately adjacent to the area that will be plastically deformed when the method is conducted on thicker metallic articles and/or to better ensure that the area of the metallic article that is plastically deformed is at the forming temperature during the forming step.
  • a localized region that is inductively heated is a lineal region.
  • a "lineal region” is an elongated region that includes the intended bend line (i.e., the centerline of the bend) of a metallic plate or other article.
  • the lineal region also may extend a distance from the intended bend line.
  • the lineal region may extend up to about 0.5 inch ( .27 cm), up to about 1 inch (2.54 cm), up to about 2 inches (5.04 cm), up to about 3 inches (7.62 cm), up to about 4 inches (10.16 cm), or a greater distance from the intended bend line along all or a region of the length of the intended bend line.
  • inductively heating a lineal region or other localized region involves utilizing one or more induction heating coils positioned adjacent to the localized region of the plate or other article.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic representation of a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure of a method of inductively heating 20 a lineal region 22 of a plate 24 of a hard-to-form metal or metal alloy. Lineal region 22 is bounded by lines 22a in FIG. 2. In the non-limiting embodiment represented by FIG.
  • the lineal region 22 is inductively heated by two induction coils 26 positioned adjacent to opposite surfaces 28,29 of the lineal region 22 of the plate 24. While FIG. 2 depicts two induction coils 26 being utilized to heat the lineal region 22 of the plate 24, it is understood that one induction coil 26 or more than two induction coils 26 could be utilized to heat the lineal region 22 of the plate 24. Accordingly, for example, it is within the scope of this disclosure to position one or more induction coils adjacent to one or both opposite surfaces of a lineal region or other localized region of a metallic plate or other article to heat the localized region of the article to a forming temperature. It will be understood that the foregoing discussion concerning the number and positioning of induction coils relative to a localized region of a metallic article applies to any geometry of localized region that may be used in the methods according to the present disclosure.
  • induction heating using an arrangement of induction coils such as, for example, induction coils 26 positioned directly adjacent to a metal or metal alloy article such as, for example, plate 24 is referred to herein as "direct” induction heating.
  • direct induction heating one or more induction coils or other induction heating devices induce a current in a localized region of a metallic article and thereby cause the temperature of the localized region to increase.
  • Direct induction heating may be contrasted with "indirect” induction heating, wherein a current is induced in and thereby heats a region of a metallic object, and the metallic object heats a localized region of a metallic article through conduction of heat from the inductively heated metallic object to the metallic article.
  • Induction heating is a technique used to heat an electrically conductive object, such as a metal or metal alloy object, by electromagnetic induction, wherein a high frequency alternating current is passed through an electromagnet and induction coil.
  • the induction coil is positioned adjacent to the metallic object, and the current within the coil generates eddy currents within the object. Electrical resistance within the metallic object results in Joule heating of the object.
  • the frequency of alternating current that must be used to inductively heat a particular metal or metal alloy object depends on the object size, the composition of the metal or metal alloy, the particular coupling between the induction coil and the object to be heated, and the depth of penetration of the induced eddy currents.
  • the induction heating device used to heat the lineal region or other localized region of an article comprising a hard-to-form metallic material employs an alternating current frequency specifically tuned to efficiently and adequately heat the metallic article. Induction heating is known to those having ordinary skill in the art, and further elaboration of the principles of and manner for carrying out the technique is believed to be unnecessary in the present disclosure.
  • the forming or bending temperature is within a range of about 0.2 times the melting temperature (0.2T m ) of the hard-to-form metal or metal alloy, up to about 0.5 times the melting temperature (0.5T m ) of the hard-to-form metal or metal alloy. Therefore, given the relatively low temperatures utilized, an aspect of non-limiting embodiments according to the present disclosure is that the embodiments may be considered to be "warm forming" methods.
  • hard-to-form metallic materials such as, but not limited to, titanium alloys, nickel- base alloys, and specialty steels
  • the forming or bending temperature range may be in a forming or bending temperature range of 750°F
  • the forming or bending temperature for a titanium alloy article is about 800°F (426.7°C), while in another non-limiting embodiment the forming or bending temperature for a titanium alloy article is about 850°F (454.4°C).
  • the forming or bending temperature range may be from 728°F to 874°F (387°C to 468°C).
  • the forming or bending temperature range may be from about 1000°F (555.6°C) below the beta transus temperature ( ⁇ ⁇ ) of the titanium alloy up to about 700°F (388.9°C) below the beta transus temperature of the titanium alloy, i.e., in a temperature range of T R - 1000°F to ⁇ ⁇ - 700°F (T p - 555.6°C to ⁇ ⁇ - 388.9°C).
  • alpha-case is an oxygen-enriched phase resulting when titanium and its alloys are exposed to heated air or oxygen. Because alpha-case is brittle and tends to cause fatigue cracks in the alloy, it typically is removed in subsequent processing steps. Little or no alpha-case forms at the forming temperatures used in various non-limiting embodiments of the forming methods disclosed herein.
  • the mechanical properties of titanium alloys may change.
  • ballistic properties required of titanium alloys for armor applications such as, for example, high toughness
  • heat treatments subsequent to hot forming may be required to restore desired mechanical properties in the alloys.
  • the present inventors observed that subjecting titanium alloys and other metal alloys to the relatively low forming temperatures used in non-limiting
  • both the ability to form or bend to tighter radii and the reproducibility of the method decreases.
  • a higher incidence of "spring back" of the bent or otherwise formed plate or other article occurs.
  • spring back occurs when, for example, after a plate is bent, the bent plate reverts to a larger bend radius than to which it was bent.
  • the risk that micro-cracking will occur in the bend line increases. Therefore, in a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure of a method for bending or other forming of titanium alloy articles, a lower limit for the bending or other forming
  • a lower limit for the bending or other forming temperature is about 700°F (371 .1 °C).
  • a lower limit for the bending or other forming temperature is in a forming temperature range of about 700°F (371 .1 °C) to about 900°F (482.2°C).
  • a lower limit of the forming temperature range is about 0.2T m .
  • HSLA high-strength low- alloy steel
  • a forming temperature range is about 0.2T m to about 0.5T m .
  • inductively heating a lineal or other localized region may be accomplished in, for example, 5 to 10 seconds, no more than 1 minute, no more than 2 minutes, no more than 20 minutes, no more than 30 minutes, or no more than 60 minutes.
  • Other induction heating times possible in certain non-limiting embodiments may be from about 3 minutes to about 20 minutes. Heating times may be extended to better ensure that "cold spots" are not present in the lineal region or other localized region that is heated.
  • a "cold spot" is an area within a lineal or other localized region that is cooler than the desired bending or other forming temperature and is outside of the bending or other forming temperature range.
  • Thicker metallic plate and other thicker metallic articles may require longer heating times to reach the desired forming temperature.
  • the one or more induction coils are properly tuned to couple with and heat the metal or metal alloy article that is to be plastically deformed, and the induction coils are positioned properly with respect to the lineal or other localized region of the plate or other article, the localized region can be heated to the desired forming temperature without cold spots in 30 seconds or less.
  • a lineal region of a 1 inch-thick 18 inch X 120 inch titanium alloy plate can be directly inductively heated to a uniform bending temperature of about 850°F (454.4°C) within 1 0 minutes, without cold spots.
  • the article is transferred to a forming apparatus.
  • the lineal region 22 of the plate 24 is rapidly inductively heated by induction coils 26 to a bending temperature within a bending temperature range, and the plate 24 is then bent to a desired bend radius on a forming apparatus (not shown).
  • bending or forming is accomplished on a press brake or other forming apparatus.
  • the forming apparatus may be located close to the induction heating device to better ensure that the inductively heated lineal or other localized region of the metallic plate or other article can be bent or otherwise formed before the temperature of the localized region cools to a temperature below the forming
  • FIG. 2 involves bending of plate 24 after it is heated to a bending temperature
  • other forming processes for plastically deforming the heated article are within the scope of embodiments disclosed herein.
  • such other forming processes include, but are not limited to, drawing, punching, stamping, roll forming, and like forming processes.
  • certain embodiments discussed herein involve inductively heating a lineal or other localized region and bending the heated article, it will be understood that the present invention is not limited to such arrangements.
  • non-limiting embodiments according to the present disclosure directed to a stamping or coining process may involve directly and/or indirectly inductively heating a localized region of a metallic article that will be plastically deformed in a stamping or coining operation.
  • Other configurations of induction heating of a localized region of a metallic article that are encompassed within the present disclosure may be specific to other forming processes, and one having ordinary skill considering the present disclosure may adapt the methods herein for such applications without undue experimentation.
  • Titanium alloys that may be formed using certain non-limiting
  • embodiments of warm forming according to the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, near-alpha titanium alloys, alpha+beta titanium alloys, and beta titanium alloys, including, for example, near-beta and metastable beta titanium alloys.
  • titanium alloys that can be bent or otherwise formed using warm forming methods according to the present disclosure include, but are not limited to ASTM Grades 5, 6, 12, 19, 20, 21 , 23, 24, 25, 29, 32, 35, 36, and 38 titanium alloys.
  • a localized region of an article of Grade 38 titanium alloy (UNS R54250) is inductively heated and bent or otherwise formed according to embodiments of the warm forming methods herein.
  • a localized region of an article of Grade 5 titanium alloy (UNS R56400), which also is referred to as Ti-6-4 alloy and Ti-6AI-4V alloy, is inductively heated and warm bent or otherwise warm formed according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • a localized region of Grade 35 titanium alloy (UNS R56340), which nominally includes, in weight percentages based on total alloy weight, 4.5% aluminum, 2% molybdenum, 1 .6% vanadium, 0.5% iron, 0.3% silicon, and balance titanium and incidental impurities, is inductively heated and warm bent or otherwise warm formed according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • a warm forming method includes inductively heating a lineal region or other localized region of a metallic article consisting of a high hard specialty steel to a forming temperature, and bending or otherwise forming the high hard specialty steel article by plastically deforming the lineal or other localized region.
  • a high hard specialty steel that is a high hard specialty steel armor is processed according to methods herein.
  • a high hard specialty steel processed by methods herein is selected from the group consisting of a 400 BHN steel armor, a 500 BHN steel armor alloy, a 600 BHN steel armor alloy, a 700 BHN steel armor, and a high strength low alloy steel.
  • the armor steel alloys can be generally classified or identified according to their hardness as follows: Rolled Homogeneous Armor (“RHA”) alloys with hardness range of 212-388 BHN (Brinell hardness number) under MIL-A-12560H; High Hard Armor (“HHA”) alloys with hardness range of 477-535 BHN under MIL-DTL-46100E; and Ultra High Hard Armor (“UHH”) alloys with minimum hardness of 570 BHN under MIL-DTL-32332.
  • RHA Roll Homogeneous Armor
  • HHA High Hard Armor
  • UHH Ultra High Hard Armor
  • armor steel alloys processed by methods herein include, but are not limited to RHA, HHA, and UHH alloys.
  • a localized region of a plate or other article of an armor steel alloy comprising one of an RHA alloy, an HHA alloy, and a UHH alloy is inductively heated and warm bent or otherwise formed according to
  • a localized region of a plat or other article of a 500 BHN steel armor alloy is inductively heated and warm bent or otherwise formed according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • a 500 BHN steel armor alloy that may be processed according to the present disclosure is ATI 500-MIL® high hard specialty steel armor alloy, available from ATI Defense, Washington, PA, an Allegheny Technologies Incorporated market sector team.
  • a localized region of a plate or other article of a 600 BHN steel armor alloy is inductively heated and warm bent or otherwise formed according to embodiments disclosed herein.
  • a non-limiting example of a 600 BHN steel armor alloy that may be processed according to the present disclosure is ATI 600-MIL® high hard specialty steel armor available from ATI Defense.
  • the metal or metal alloy plate or other article processed by methods herein is at least 0.125 inch (3.175 mm) thick. In another non-limiting embodiment, the metal or metal alloy plate or other article processed using the methods herein is at least 0.1 875 inches (4.763 mm) thick.
  • the thickness of plates or other articles capable of being bent or otherwise formed according to non-limiting embodiments disclosed herein is up to about 2 inches (5.08 cm) or, in some cases, up to about 1 inch (2.54 cm), wherein the thickness is in the region that is to be plastically deformed in the method.
  • a brake press or other forming equipment having a capacity of 1 000 tons to 1500 tons (8.896 MN to 13.34 MN) is sufficient to bend a 1 .5 inch (3.81 cm) thick plate.
  • the thickness of plate that can be bent or otherwise formed according to embodiments of warm forming methods herein is limited only by the capacity of the brake press or other forming equipment used. It is recognized that the bending or other forming of metal and metal alloy sheet, i.e., product having a thickness less than 0.1875 inches (4.763 mm), is also within the scope of embodiments disclosed herein.
  • forming temperatures employed in the methods herein e.g., forming temperatures in a temperature range of 0.2T m to 0.5T m, are relatively low, certain mechanical properties of the lineal or other localized region of the metal or metal alloy article that is inductively heated are not substantially changed after the bending or other forming step.
  • a mechanical property does not "substantially change” if the property does not change or changes no greater than 10%, or in some cases no greater than 5%, from the original value.
  • hard-to-form metallic materials such as, but not limited to, titanium alloys, nickel-base alloys, and specialty steels ⁇ e.g., stainless steel, high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA), armor steel alloys, and the like) could be locally inductively heated to relatively low temperatures and bent to tight radii according to certain non-limiting embodiments of the present disclosure.
  • HSLA high-strength low-alloy steel
  • armor steel alloys and the like
  • the form is bent to a bend radius of at least 6t.
  • a "bend radius” is the radius, measured to the inside curvature, to which a plate or other metallic article can be bent without fracturing, forming surface cracks, or significantly degrading the mechanical properties of the metallic article in the bend region.
  • the value of the bend radius is given with respect to the thickness, "t", of the plate or other article.
  • a plate bent to a radius of " I t for example, includes a bend having a radius, measured on the inside of the bend curvature, that is equal to the thickness of the plate.
  • the article is bent to a radius of at least 4t, or at least 2t.
  • the article is bent to a radius of at least 1t.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure of a method 30 for bending or otherwise forming a plate or other article of, for example, a hard-to-form metallic material such as a titanium alloy, a nickel-base alloy, or a specialty steel ⁇ e.g., stainless steel, high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA), armor steel, and the like).
  • a hard-to-form metallic material such as a titanium alloy, a nickel-base alloy, or a specialty steel ⁇ e.g., stainless steel, high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA), armor steel, and the like.
  • HSLA high-strength low-alloy steel
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic depiction of an arrangement 40 of materials and equipment used in a non- limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure, wherein indirect induction heating is used to indirectly heat a lineal or other localized region of a metallic plate or other article in order to warm form the metallic article.
  • a non-limiting embodiment of indirect induction heating for warm forming a metallic article includes placing 32 a metallic article 42 on a ferrous alloy surface 44.
  • the metallic article 42 comprises a hard-to-form metallic material.
  • a localized region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44 that is in contact with a localized region 48 (schematically bounded by lines 48a) of the metallic article 42 is inductively heated 34 to a predetermined temperature.
  • Inductively heating the ferrous alloy surface 44 conductively heats the localized region 48 of the metallic article 42 to a forming temperature within a forming temperature range.
  • the predetermined temperature to which the localized region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44 is heated is the forming temperature of the metallic article 42.
  • the predetermined temperature to which the localized region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44 is heated is a forming temperature in a forming temperature range of the metallic article 42.
  • the predetermined temperature to which the localized region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44 is heated is higher than the forming temperature of the metallic article 42.
  • the temperature to which the localized region 48 of the metallic article 42 is conductively heated does not exceed the upper limit of the forming temperature range of the metallic article 42.
  • inductively heating a localized region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44 may utilize one or more induction coils 50 positioned on an opposite side 52 of the localized region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44 that is to be inductively heated. While FIG. 4 depicts an arrangement in which one induction coil 50 heats the localized region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44, it will be understood that more than one induction coil could be utilized to heat the localized region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44. It also will be understood that the above discussion concerning the possible number of induction coils and their positions to heat a localized region as depicted in the non-limiting embodiment of FIG. 4, applies equally for other localized region geometries that may be used in the various types of warm forming operations within the scope of this disclosure.
  • the indirect induction heating method disclosed herein may be used to bend and otherwise form metallic articles comprising hard-to-form metallic materials, such as, but not limited to, titanium alloys, nickel-base alloys, and specialty steels (e.g., stainless steel, high- strength low-alloy steel (HSLA), armor steels, and the like). Also, in a non-limiting embodiment according to the present disclosure, the indirect induction heating method disclosed herein heats the localized region of the metallic article to a forming
  • the indirect induction heating method disclosed herein heats the localized region of the metallic article to a forming temperature in a forming temperature range of 0.24 to 0.30 of a melting temperature of the metal or metal alloy comprising the metallic article.
  • forming 36 comprises processes such as, but not limited to bending, drawing, punching, stamping, and roll forming.
  • the metallic article 42 consists of or comprises a mill product such as, for example, an ingot, a billet, a bloom, a round bar, a square bar, an extrusion, a tube, a pipe, a slab, a sheet, and a plate.
  • the metallic article 42 is a metal alloy plate, the localized region of the metal alloy plate is a lineal region, and forming 36 comprises bending the metal alloy plate in the lineal region of the metal alloy plate.
  • the localized region 48 of the metallic article 42 includes a region of metallic material immediately adjacent to the metallic material that will be plastically deformed during the forming step 36.
  • the localized region 48 includes a region of metallic material that extends up to about 0.5 inch (1 .27 cm), up to about 1 inch (2.54 cm), up to about 2 inches (5.04 cm), up to about 3 inches (7.62 cm), up to about 4 inches (10.16 cm), or a greater distance away from the metallic material of the article 42 that will be plastically deformed during the forming step 36. It is envisioned that in order to form thicker product forms, the area of the localized region may be increased to ensure that the region of the metallic material that undergoes plastic deformation during forming is at the desired bending temperature or other forming temperature.
  • a localized region 48 of the metallic article 42 is a lineal region.
  • the lineal region is a region including and surrounding the bend line of a plate or other metallic article that is to be bent, and the lineal region may extend up to about 0.5 inch (1 .27 cm), up to about 1 inch (2.54 cm), up to about 2 inches (5.04 cm), up to about 3 inches (7.62 cm), up to about 4 inches (10.16 cm), or a greater distance on one or both sides of the bend line, along all or a portion of the bend line.
  • the metallic article 42 comprises a titanium alloy.
  • the titanium alloy is selected from ASTM Grades 5, 6, 12, 19, 20, 21 , 23, 24, 25, 29, 32, 35, 36, and 38 titanium alloys.
  • the metallic article comprises a high hard specialty steel.
  • the metallic article 42 comprises a material selected from a 400 BHN steel armor alloy, a 500 BHN steel armor alloy, a 600 BHN steel armor alloy, a 700 BHN steel armor alloy, a high strength low alloy steel, an RHA alloy, an HHA alloy, and a UHH alloy.
  • a non-limiting aspect according to the present disclosure includes using indirect induction heating to bend a metallic article that is in the configuration of a plate 42.
  • the localized region 48 of the plate comprises a lineal region, and forming 36 the plate comprises bending the plate in the lineal region.
  • the metallic article 42 has a thickness of at least 0.125 inch (3.175 mm). In other non-limiting embodiments, the metallic article 42 has a thickness of at least 0.1875 inches (4.763 mm).
  • the forming temperature range is 728°F to 874°F (387°C to 468°C). In another non-limiting embodiment, when the metallic material is a titanium alloy, the forming temperature range is 700°F to 900°F
  • localized region 48 of the metallic article 42 may have a bend radius of at least 1 t after forming 36. In other non-limiting embodiments, localized region 48 of the metallic article 42 may have a bend radius of at least 6t, at least 4t, or at least 2t after forming 36.
  • the metallic article is a mill product.
  • the metallic article 42 is one of an ingot, a billet, a bloom, a round bar, a square bar, an extrusion, a tube, a pipe, a slab, a sheet, and a plate.
  • a non-limiting aspect of this disclosure is directed to a method for bending a metallic plate using localized indirect induction heating. Because a metallic plate is an embodiment of metallic article, reference is again made to FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • a method 30 and arrangement 40 for bending a metallic plate 42 comprises: placing 32 a metallic plate 42 including a material selected from a metal and a metal alloy on a ferrous alloy surface 44; inductively heating 34 a lineal surface region 46 of the ferrous alloy surface 44 in contact with a lineal region 48 of the metallic plate 42 to a
  • metallic plates may include any of the metallic materials specifically disclosed herein in various non-limiting embodiments and otherwise, and the plates may be processed by the various non-limiting embodiments of localized indirect induction heating discussed herein.
  • the metallic plate 42 has a thickness of at least 0.125 inch (3.175 mm). In another non-limiting embodiment, the metallic plate has a thickness of at least 0.1875 inches (4.763 mm).
  • a device 60 comprises a support 62 including a ferrous alloy surface 64, and at least one induction heating device 66.
  • the at least one induction heating device 66 is positioned and adapted to inductively heat a localized region 67 (bounded by lines 67a) of the ferrous alloy surface. While FIG.
  • FIG. 5 depicts one induction heating device 66 utilized to heat a localized region 67 of the ferrous alloy surface 64, it will be understood that more than one induction heating device 66 could be utilized to heat a localized region 67 of the ferrous alloy surface 64. Also, while FIG. 5 depicts a device for inductively heating a localized region 67 having a generally lineal configuration, it will be understood that the scope of this disclosure also includes varying the number, shapes, and/or positions of induction coils to inductively heat localized regions having other geometric shapes and/or orientations and which may be useful for various types of forming operations.
  • the inductively heated localized region of the ferrous alloy surface is adapted to conductively heat a localized region of a metallic article including a material selected from a metal and a metal alloy that is positioned on the ferrous alloy surface to a predetermined temperature.
  • the at least one induction heating device 66 is energized to inductively heat the localized region 67 of the ferrous alloy surface 64 to a
  • the predetermined temperature is a bending temperature of a metal or metal alloy plate or other article that is to be bent.
  • the metal or metal alloy article to be bent (not shown) is placed in contact with the ferrous alloy surface 64.
  • a localized region of the metal or metal alloy plate in contact with the inductively heated localized region 67 of the ferrous alloy plate is conductively heated to the predetermined temperature, which, in a non-limiting embodiment, is the temperature at which the metal or metal alloy plate is to be when it is bent.
  • the ferrous alloy surface 64 and the support 62 comprise the same ferrous alloy.
  • the ferrous alloy surface 64 and the support 62 are one-piece, and the ferrous alloy surface 62 is a surface of the support 62.
  • the support 62 comprises at least one of a ferrous alloy sheet and a ferrous alloy plate.
  • the ferrous alloy surface comprises a material selected from carbon steel, a steel alloy, and a stainless steel.
  • the ferrous alloy surface 64 is a surface of the support 62, and the surface 64 and support 62 are composed of at least one of a low carbon steel, a steel alloy, and a ferritic stainless steel alloy.
  • one or more of the induction heating devices 66 comprises one or more induction coils.
  • the one or more induction heating devices 66 are tuned to a frequency that couples with the specific material of the ferrous alloy surface.
  • the ferrous alloy surface 64 may be composed of a steel alloy and the frequency of the alternating magnetic field of the induction coil is adjusted to optimally heat the steel alloy.
  • the tuning of induction coils to heat specific materials is known to a person skilled in the art and need not be elaborated upon further here.
  • the at least one induction heating device is positioned opposite the ferrous alloy surface 64 and is adapted to inductively heat a lineal region of the ferrous alloy surface 64.
  • the device 60 may be in the form of an induction heating table comprising legs 68.
  • the device may include insulation 69 in areas away from the localized region 67 to better contain the heat within the localized region 69 and to insulate the water cooled induction coils 66.
  • a device 70 comprises a support 71 including a support surface 72, and at least one induction heating device 73.
  • the support 71 and support surface 72 are constructed from one or more materials that are not inductively heated by the at least one induction heating device 73.
  • the support 71 and support surface 72 may be constructed from one or more materials that are not electrically conductive and, therefore, cannot be heated using induction.
  • the support 71 and the support surface 72 comprise a refractory material.
  • the term "refractory material" refers to non-metallic materials having chemical and physical properties that allow them to withstand high temperature such as, for example, temperatures greater than 1 ,000°F (538°C).
  • Refractory materials that may be used in fabricating the support 71 and support surface 72 include, but are not limited to, aluminum oxide, silicon oxide, aluminosilicates, magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, calcium oxide, silicon carbide, fire clay, fire brick, magnesite ore, dolomite ore, chrome ore, and mixtures thereof.
  • the support 71 and support surface 72 comprise the same refractory material.
  • the at least one induction heating device 73 is positioned and adapted to inductively heat a localized region 74 (bounded by lines 74a) of a metallic article 75 that is positioned on the support surface 72 of the support 71 . It is understood that the metallic article 75 is not an element of the device 70, and is included in FIG. 6 to better illustrate the function of the device 70. While FIG.
  • FIG. 6 depicts one induction heating device 73 to heat a localized region 74 of a metallic article 75 disposed on the support surface 72, it will be understood that more than one induction heating device 73 could be utilized to heat a localized region 74 of metallic article 75 positioned on the support surface 72.
  • FIG. 6 depicts an induction coil 73 positioned under the support 71 , in another non-limiting embodiment at least one induction coil or other induction heating device 73 may be embedded in the support.
  • FIG. 6 depicts a device for direct inductive heating of a localized region 74 having a generally lineal configuration, it will be understood that the scope of this disclosure also includes varying the number, shapes, and/or positions of induction coils to directly inductively heat localized regions having other geometric shapes and/or orientations and which may be useful in various types of forming operations.
  • the at least one induction heating device 73 of device 70 is energized to directly inductively heat the localized region 74 of the metallic article 75 to a predetermined temperature.
  • the metallic article 75 is a metallic plate and the forming operation is a bending operation, the
  • predetermined temperature is a bending temperature of the metal plate 75 within a bending temperature range.
  • the device 70 may be in the form of an induction heating table comprising legs 76.
  • the device may include thermal insulation 77 to better contain the heat within the localized region 74 and to insulate the water cooled induction coils 73.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b are schematic representations of non-limiting embodiments of a support 62,71 for direct induction heating device 70 and an indirect induction heating device 60 for heating a localized region of a metallic article.
  • the support 62,71 includes a surface 64,72 and an opposing surface 80.
  • at least one induction coil 66,73 may be positioned adjacent to the opposing surface.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b depict portions of six induction coils 66, 73, wherein the ends of each coil 66,73 are connected to the electromagnet power supply.
  • FIGS. 7a and 7b can also be interpreted to represent a non- limiting embodiment including one induction coil that is positioned adjacent to the opposing surface and has a serpentine shape, and wherein only the outermost sections of the coil 66,73 are connected to the electromagnet power supply.
  • the bend sections of the serpentine induction coil connecting the portions of the coils that are shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b are not shown in those figures.
  • a distance of the at least one induction coil 66,73 from the opposing surface is represented by arrow A.
  • the distance A is about 0.5 inches (1 .27 cm).
  • the distance between the coils or section of the at least one coil 66,73 is represented by the arrows B.
  • the distance B is about 3 inches (7.62 cm).
  • the thickness of a support 62,71 is represented by arrow C.
  • the distance C is about 1 inch (2.54 cm).
  • the frequency and power of the electromagnet power supply are selected to effectively heat the localized region 67 of the ferrous alloy surface 64 in the indirect induction heating device 60, or the localized region 74 of the specific metallic article 75 in the direct induction heating device 70.
  • an electromagnet power supply may be operated at 150 KW and 1 KHz at about 6 KA.
  • the system comprises a heating device 60,70, as discussed in, for example, various non-limiting embodiments herein, and a bending apparatus 80 or other forming apparatus positioned proximate or adjacent to the heating device and adapted to bend or otherwise form the metallic article along (i.e., in) a lineal or other localized region before a temperature of the lineal or other localized region cools below a desired temperature range.
  • the heating device 60,70 heats a lineal or localized region to a bending temperature or other forming temperature in a bending temperature or other forming temperature range.
  • the bending or forming apparatus is positioned proximate to the heating device and adapted to bend or otherwise form the metallic article along (i.e., in) a lineal or other localized region before a temperature of the lineal or other localized region cools below the bending or other forming temperature range.
  • a formed ballistic armor plate 90 has a thickness of "t" designated by arrows 92a and 92b, and includes at least one bend region 94 having a bend radius of about 2t, as depicted by arrow 96.
  • the ballistic armor plate 90 has a thickness "t" of at least 0.125 inches (3.175 mm), or at least 0.1875 inches (4.763 mm). While FIG.
  • the formed ballistic armor plate 90 comprises one of a titanium alloy, a nickel-base alloy, and a specialty steel (e.g., a stainless steel, a high-strength low-alloy steel (HSLA), an armor steel, and the like).
  • the bend region 94 of a ballistic armor plate 90 is free of surface defects, linear indications, and cracks.
  • the article of manufacture consists of or comprises a formed ballistic armor plate 90 in the form of one of a monolithic hull, a V- shaped hull, a blast protective vehicle underbelly (for protection from mines and other explosive devices), and an enclosure for blast protection.
  • An induction heating device was constructed in the form of an induction heating table.
  • a photograph of the heating table is provided in FIG. 10.
  • a steel alloy plate having a thickness of 0.5 inch (1 .27 cm) was used as the support and the ferrous alloy surface. Legs were welded to the steel plate to support the plate.
  • a copper induction coil was positioned on the underside of the steel alloy plate and adapted to heat a lineal region of the steel alloy plate and thereby heat the ferrous alloy surface of the steel alloy plate.
  • the induction coil was energized with an RF power transformer using a frequency suitable for heating of ferrous alloys such as the steel alloy of the steel alloy plate.
  • the induction heating device may be used to conductively heat localized regions of metallic plates and other articles including hard-to-form metallic materials and other metallic materials. The conductively heated forms may then be bent or otherwise formed, for example, as discussed in connection with various embodiments herein.
  • a plate of ATI 425® titanium alloy (Ti-4AI-2.5V-1 .5Fe-0.25O 2 alloy, UNS R54250) having a thickness of 1 inch (2.54 cm) was obtained from ATI Wah Chang, Albany OR, an Allegheny Technologies Incorporated company. The plate was hot rolled via conventional mill practices and was received in mill-annealed condition. The plate was sawed into 12 inch by 30 inch samples.
  • the induction heating table described in Example 1 was configured so that a localized lineal region of the ferrous alloy surface was inductively heated to a temperature of 800°F (428°C).
  • the titanium alloy plate samples were sequentially positioned on the induction table so that an intended bend line of each sample was positioned over the heated localized region of the induction heating table, and a localized region of each sample was thereby conductively heated. More specifically, a lineal region of each sample, including an intended bend line and an immediately adjacent region, was conductively heated to 800°F (428°C) in about 12 minutes through contact with the ferrous alloy surface.
  • the samples were bent along the heated bend line on a brake press located near the induction heating table.
  • the samples were bent to increasing radii of 1 t through 6t.
  • the bent sample are shown in the photograph of FIG. 1 1 .
  • the length and width of the plate were 100 inches (2.54 m) by 80 inches (2.032 m).
  • the plate was positioned on the induction heating table described in Example 1 , and a lineal region of the plate including an intended bend line and an adjacent region was conductively heated to 800°F (426°C) in about 20 minutes.
  • the plate was transferred to a brake press before the heated lineal region of the plate experienced any significant cooling, and the plate was bent to a radius of 2t along the bend line.
  • the plate was positioned back on the induction heating table and arranged so that a different lineal region including another intended bend line was conductively heated to 850°F (454.4°C). The plate was then transferred to a brake press and bent along the bend line to a radius of 2t before any significant cooling of the lineal region occurred. This process was repeated until the plate was bent to a 2t radius at six different locations. No surface defects or cracking were observed in the six bend regions.
  • a plate is formed using the process generally described in Example 3 to include one or more bends.
  • the plate may be comprised of, for example, Ti-4AI-2.5V- 1 .5Fe-0.25O 2 alloy, another titanium alloy, or an armor alloy such as, for example, a 500 BHN steel armor alloy, a 600 BHN steel armor alloy, a 700 BHN steel armor alloy, a high strength low alloy steel, an RHA alloy, an HHA alloy, or a UHH alloy.
  • the formed plate is welded to the chassis of an armored or other vehicle.
  • the formed plate serves as a ballistic armor plate underbelly for the vehicle.
  • the shape, orientation, and/or composition of the formed plate is adapted to dissipate blast energy generated by explosive devices detonated under the vehicle.
  • a localized region of an 85-inch(215.9 cm) long, 1 -inch (2.54 cm) thick ATI 425® titanium alloy plate was directly inductively heated using a non-limiting embodiment of a direct localized induction heating device as disclosed herein and as depicted in FIG. 6.
  • the induction heating device included a serpentine-shaped induction coil having six sections spaced in a plane about 3 inches (7.62 cm) apart and positioned about 0.5 inches (1 .27 cm) from the refractory support, as depicted in FIG. 7.
  • the thickness of the refractory support was about 1 inch (2.54 cm).
  • the induction coil was energized at 150 KW, 1 KHz, and 1 A for 900 seconds.
  • FIG. 12 contains a plot of the measured temperatures of the top and bottom of the plate after heating and after cooling for 60 seconds.
  • the temperature of the top and bottom of the plate in the center region of the heated zone ranged from about 1200°F (648.9°C) to about 900°F (482°C) after 900 seconds of induction heating, and the heated zone extended about 1 1 inches (27.94 cm) on each side of the center line of the plate region that was to be bent.
  • the temperature in the center region of the heated zone was in a range of about 900°F (482°C) to about 1000°F (537.8°C), which is in the temperature range at which the plate could be bent or otherwise formed.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Bending Of Plates, Rods, And Pipes (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un procédé de formage d'un article métallique comprenant le chauffage direct et/ou indirect par induction d'une région délimitée d'un article métallique, à une température de formage. Ledit article métallique peut comprendre des matériaux choisis parmi les alliages de titane, les alliages à base de nickel et les aciers spéciaux, par exemple l'acier inoxydable, l'acier haute résistance faiblement allié et similaires. La température de formage peut être comprise dans une plage de températures de formage de 0,2 à 0,5 fois inférieure à une température de fusion d'un matériau métallique constituant l'article. Ledit article métallique est formé dans la région délimitée. L'invention concerne en outre des dispositifs destinés à chauffer directement ou indirectement par induction une région délimitée d'un article métallique. L'invention concerne enfin des articles comprenant des articles métalliques traités par les procédés et/ou les dispositifs de l'invention.
PCT/US2011/049052 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 Procédés de formage à haute température pour matériaux métalliques Ceased WO2012039882A2 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CA2810501A CA2810501A1 (fr) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 Procedes de formage a haute temperature pour materiaux metalliques
CN2011800452408A CN103118815A (zh) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 金属材料的高温形成方法
BR112013006529A BR112013006529A2 (pt) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 métodos para a formação de materiais metálicos em altas temperaturas
KR1020137006974A KR20130100294A (ko) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 금속 재료들을 위한 상승 온도 성형 방법들
RU2013118216/02A RU2013118216A (ru) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 Способы формовки металлических материалов при повышенных температурах
AU2011305970A AU2011305970A1 (en) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 Elevated temperature forming methods for metallic materials
JP2013529166A JP2013543443A (ja) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 金属材料用の高温成形方法
SG2013019237A SG189002A1 (en) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 Elevated temperature forming methods for metallic materials
EP11757452.5A EP2618951A2 (fr) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 Procédés de formage à haute température pour matériaux métalliques
MX2013003126A MX2013003126A (es) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 Metodos de conformado de materiales metalicos a altas temperaturas.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/885,620 2010-09-20
US12/885,620 US20120067100A1 (en) 2010-09-20 2010-09-20 Elevated Temperature Forming Methods for Metallic Materials

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012039882A2 true WO2012039882A2 (fr) 2012-03-29
WO2012039882A3 WO2012039882A3 (fr) 2012-07-05

Family

ID=44651954

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/US2011/049052 Ceased WO2012039882A2 (fr) 2010-09-20 2011-08-25 Procédés de formage à haute température pour matériaux métalliques

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US20120067100A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2618951A2 (fr)
JP (1) JP2013543443A (fr)
KR (1) KR20130100294A (fr)
CN (1) CN103118815A (fr)
AU (1) AU2011305970A1 (fr)
BR (1) BR112013006529A2 (fr)
CA (1) CA2810501A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX2013003126A (fr)
RU (1) RU2013118216A (fr)
SG (1) SG189002A1 (fr)
TW (1) TW201244846A (fr)
WO (1) WO2012039882A2 (fr)

Families Citing this family (62)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20040221929A1 (en) 2003-05-09 2004-11-11 Hebda John J. Processing of titanium-aluminum-vanadium alloys and products made thereby
US7837812B2 (en) 2004-05-21 2010-11-23 Ati Properties, Inc. Metastable beta-titanium alloys and methods of processing the same by direct aging
AT507892B1 (de) * 2009-11-27 2010-09-15 Boehler Ybbstal Profil Gmbh Verfahren zur herstellung von wendemessern
US10053758B2 (en) * 2010-01-22 2018-08-21 Ati Properties Llc Production of high strength titanium
US9255316B2 (en) 2010-07-19 2016-02-09 Ati Properties, Inc. Processing of α+β titanium alloys
US8499605B2 (en) 2010-07-28 2013-08-06 Ati Properties, Inc. Hot stretch straightening of high strength α/β processed titanium
US8613818B2 (en) 2010-09-15 2013-12-24 Ati Properties, Inc. Processing routes for titanium and titanium alloys
US9206497B2 (en) 2010-09-15 2015-12-08 Ati Properties, Inc. Methods for processing titanium alloys
US10513755B2 (en) 2010-09-23 2019-12-24 Ati Properties Llc High strength alpha/beta titanium alloy fasteners and fastener stock
US8652400B2 (en) 2011-06-01 2014-02-18 Ati Properties, Inc. Thermo-mechanical processing of nickel-base alloys
WO2014004704A1 (fr) 2012-06-26 2014-01-03 California Institute Of Technology Systèmes et procédés pour mettre en œuvre des roues dentées en verre métallique brut à échelle macroscopique
WO2014058498A2 (fr) 2012-07-17 2014-04-17 California Institute Of Technology Systèmes et procédés pour réaliser des engrenages souples à l'échelle macrométrique à base de verre métallique massif
AT513467B1 (de) * 2012-09-26 2014-07-15 Trumpf Maschinen Austria Gmbh Verfahren zum Biegen eines Werkstücks
US9050647B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2015-06-09 Ati Properties, Inc. Split-pass open-die forging for hard-to-forge, strain-path sensitive titanium-base and nickel-base alloys
US9457404B2 (en) * 2013-02-04 2016-10-04 The Boeing Company Method of consolidating/molding near net-shaped components made from powders
US9328813B2 (en) 2013-02-11 2016-05-03 California Institute Of Technology Systems and methods for implementing bulk metallic glass-based strain wave gears and strain wave gear components
US9869003B2 (en) 2013-02-26 2018-01-16 Ati Properties Llc Methods for processing alloys
US9192981B2 (en) 2013-03-11 2015-11-24 Ati Properties, Inc. Thermomechanical processing of high strength non-magnetic corrosion resistant material
US9777361B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-10-03 Ati Properties Llc Thermomechanical processing of alpha-beta titanium alloys
US20140342179A1 (en) * 2013-04-12 2014-11-20 California Institute Of Technology Systems and methods for shaping sheet materials that include metallic glass-based materials
US9610650B2 (en) 2013-04-23 2017-04-04 California Institute Of Technology Systems and methods for fabricating structures including metallic glass-based materials using ultrasonic welding
US10081136B2 (en) 2013-07-15 2018-09-25 California Institute Of Technology Systems and methods for additive manufacturing processes that strategically buildup objects
WO2015042437A1 (fr) 2013-09-19 2015-03-26 California Institute Of Technology Systèmes et procédés permettant de fabriquer des structures comportant un matériau à base de verre métallique à l'aide d'une coulée basse pression
US10112227B2 (en) * 2013-11-07 2018-10-30 Illinois Tool Works Inc. Large scale metal forming control system and method
US11111552B2 (en) 2013-11-12 2021-09-07 Ati Properties Llc Methods for processing metal alloys
ES2936357T3 (es) * 2013-12-20 2023-03-16 Artazn Llc Aleaciones de cinc niqueladas para acuñación
DE112015004072T5 (de) 2014-09-04 2017-05-11 Temper Ip, Llc Formgebungsverfahren mit Magnetfeldern
US10487934B2 (en) 2014-12-17 2019-11-26 California Institute Of Technology Systems and methods for implementing robust gearbox housings
US10094003B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2018-10-09 Ati Properties Llc Titanium alloy
US10151377B2 (en) 2015-03-05 2018-12-11 California Institute Of Technology Systems and methods for implementing tailored metallic glass-based strain wave gears and strain wave gear components
US10174780B2 (en) 2015-03-11 2019-01-08 California Institute Of Technology Systems and methods for structurally interrelating components using inserts made from metallic glass-based materials
US10155412B2 (en) 2015-03-12 2018-12-18 California Institute Of Technology Systems and methods for implementing flexible members including integrated tools made from metallic glass-based materials
US20170019956A1 (en) * 2015-07-16 2017-01-19 The Boeing Company Induction heating systems, supports, and methods
US9993946B2 (en) 2015-08-05 2018-06-12 The Boeing Company Method and apparatus for forming tooling and associated materials therefrom
US10968527B2 (en) 2015-11-12 2021-04-06 California Institute Of Technology Method for embedding inserts, fasteners and features into metal core truss panels
US10502252B2 (en) 2015-11-23 2019-12-10 Ati Properties Llc Processing of alpha-beta titanium alloys
CN105642721B (zh) * 2016-01-11 2017-07-04 淮安娇子金属科技有限公司 一种钛合金工件高频加温弯折工艺
CN105905168A (zh) * 2016-04-22 2016-08-31 北京新能源汽车股份有限公司 侧围外板的制造方法
US10288386B1 (en) * 2016-10-12 2019-05-14 Brian Moore Body armor and body armor manufacturing methods
DE112018001284T5 (de) 2017-03-10 2019-11-28 California Institute Of Technology Verfahren zur herstellung von dehnwellengetriebe-flexsplines mittels additiver metallfertigung
EP3630395A4 (fr) 2017-05-24 2020-11-25 California Institute of Technology Matériaux à base de métal amorphe hypoeutectique pour fabrication additive
US11014162B2 (en) 2017-05-26 2021-05-25 California Institute Of Technology Dendrite-reinforced titanium-based metal matrix composites
EP3630397A4 (fr) 2017-06-02 2020-11-11 California Institute of Technology Composites à base de verre métallique à ténacité élevée pour la fabrication additive
CN107345290B (zh) * 2017-07-07 2018-11-27 安徽同盛环件股份有限公司 一种tc4钛合金薄壁环件的制造方法
CN108311568A (zh) * 2018-01-25 2018-07-24 刘春燕 一种工件高效率弯折工艺
DE102018005733B4 (de) 2018-07-20 2021-01-14 Schott Ag Glas-Metall-Durchführung
US12036595B2 (en) * 2018-10-19 2024-07-16 Arizona Board Of Regents On Behalf Of The University Of Arizona Method and system for using induction heating to shape objects
US11859705B2 (en) 2019-02-28 2024-01-02 California Institute Of Technology Rounded strain wave gear flexspline utilizing bulk metallic glass-based materials and methods of manufacture thereof
US11680629B2 (en) 2019-02-28 2023-06-20 California Institute Of Technology Low cost wave generators for metal strain wave gears and methods of manufacture thereof
US11400613B2 (en) 2019-03-01 2022-08-02 California Institute Of Technology Self-hammering cutting tool
US11591906B2 (en) 2019-03-07 2023-02-28 California Institute Of Technology Cutting tool with porous regions
CN111364522A (zh) * 2020-03-13 2020-07-03 焦利国 一种锻压井盖及其制造方法
CN113814316B (zh) * 2020-06-18 2023-12-12 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 一种板料辊压工艺及其装置
BR112022025507A2 (pt) * 2020-07-22 2023-01-17 Novelis Inc Método e aparelho para aquecimento e conformação por rolos de um produto
CN113832423B (zh) * 2021-10-11 2023-04-28 中国航空制造技术研究院 一种薄壁钛合金结构的局部热处理方法
CN114657487B (zh) * 2022-03-29 2022-08-26 西北有色金属研究院 一种镍钛合金齿轮的制备方法
WO2024086500A1 (fr) 2022-10-18 2024-04-25 Martinrea International US Inc. Procédé de traitement thermique de parties d'un article en acier et ensemble de formation d'un article en tôle d'acier
WO2024163158A1 (fr) 2023-02-01 2024-08-08 Martinrea International US Inc. Procédé de profilage avec des emplacements de sources de chaleur pour former un article métallique
CN116251918B (zh) * 2023-02-27 2024-01-23 四川钢研高纳锻造有限责任公司 一种难变形高温合金锻件及其锻造方法
US12344918B2 (en) 2023-07-12 2025-07-01 Ati Properties Llc Titanium alloys
CN117139418B (zh) * 2023-10-31 2024-02-23 江苏烁源新材料科技有限公司 一种夹持型铝棒加工用的拉伸设备及工艺
KR102821683B1 (ko) * 2024-03-18 2025-06-16 서봉열 플라스틱 열처리 장치

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6071360A (en) 1997-06-09 2000-06-06 The Boeing Company Controlled strain rate forming of thick titanium plate

Family Cites Families (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3025905A (en) * 1957-02-07 1962-03-20 North American Aviation Inc Method for precision forming
US3015292A (en) * 1957-05-13 1962-01-02 Northrop Corp Heated draw die
US3060564A (en) * 1958-07-14 1962-10-30 North American Aviation Inc Titanium forming method and means
US3605477A (en) * 1968-02-02 1971-09-20 Arne H Carlson Precision forming of titanium alloys and the like by use of induction heating
US3584487A (en) * 1969-01-16 1971-06-15 Arne H Carlson Precision forming of titanium alloys and the like by use of induction heating
DE2148519A1 (de) * 1971-09-29 1973-04-05 Ottensener Eisenwerk Gmbh Verfahren und vorrichtung zum erwaermen und boerdeln von ronden
DE2204343C3 (de) * 1972-01-31 1975-04-17 Ottensener Eisenwerk Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Vorrichtung zur Randzonenerwärmung einer um die zentrische Normalachse umlaufenden Ronde
FR2237435A5 (fr) * 1973-07-10 1975-02-07 Aerospatiale
JPS5339183B2 (fr) * 1974-07-22 1978-10-19
US4138141A (en) * 1977-02-23 1979-02-06 General Signal Corporation Force absorbing device and force transmission device
US4120187A (en) * 1977-05-24 1978-10-17 General Dynamics Corporation Forming curved segments from metal plates
SU631234A1 (ru) * 1977-06-01 1978-11-05 Karpushin Viktor N Способ правки листов из высокопрочных сплавов
US4163380A (en) * 1977-10-11 1979-08-07 Lockheed Corporation Forming of preconsolidated metal matrix composites
JPS5762846A (en) * 1980-09-29 1982-04-16 Akio Nakano Die casting and working method
FR2545104B1 (fr) * 1983-04-26 1987-08-28 Nacam Procede de recuit localise par chauffage par indication d'un flan de tole et poste de traitement thermique pour sa mise en oeuvre
JPS61217564A (ja) * 1985-03-25 1986-09-27 Hitachi Metals Ltd ＮｉＴｉ合金の伸線方法
JPS62127074A (ja) * 1985-11-28 1987-06-09 三菱マテリアル株式会社 ＴｉまたはＴｉ合金製ゴルフシヤフト素材の製造法
JPS6349302A (ja) * 1986-08-18 1988-03-02 Kawasaki Steel Corp 形鋼の製造方法
JPS63188426A (ja) * 1987-01-29 1988-08-04 Sekisui Chem Co Ltd 板状材料の連続成形方法
US4888973A (en) * 1988-09-06 1989-12-26 Murdock, Inc. Heater for superplastic forming of metals
DE4228528A1 (de) * 1991-08-29 1993-03-04 Okuma Machinery Works Ltd Verfahren und vorrichtung zur metallblechverarbeitung
JP2669261B2 (ja) * 1992-04-23 1997-10-27 三菱電機株式会社 フォーミングレールの製造装置
JPH10128459A (ja) * 1996-10-21 1998-05-19 Daido Steel Co Ltd リングの後方スピニング加工方法
JPH11319958A (ja) * 1998-05-19 1999-11-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 曲がりクラッド管およびその製造方法
JP3681095B2 (ja) * 1999-02-16 2005-08-10 株式会社クボタ 内面突起付き熱交換用曲げ管
JP2001071037A (ja) * 1999-09-03 2001-03-21 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd マグネシウム合金のプレス加工方法およびプレス加工装置
JP2001343472A (ja) * 2000-03-31 2001-12-14 Seiko Epson Corp 時計用外装部品の製造方法、時計用外装部品及び時計
DE10128199B4 (de) * 2001-06-11 2007-07-12 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Umformung von Metallblechen
JP2003285126A (ja) * 2002-03-25 2003-10-07 Toyota Motor Corp 温間塑性加工方法
US7010950B2 (en) * 2003-01-17 2006-03-14 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Suspension component having localized material strengthening
US7096596B2 (en) * 2004-09-21 2006-08-29 Alltrade Tools Llc Tape measure device
US7360387B2 (en) * 2005-01-31 2008-04-22 Showa Denko K.K. Upsetting method and upsetting apparatus
US7984635B2 (en) * 2005-04-22 2011-07-26 K.U. Leuven Research & Development Asymmetric incremental sheet forming system
KR100677465B1 (ko) * 2005-08-10 2007-02-07 이영화 판 굽힘용 장형 유도 가열기
US7669452B2 (en) * 2005-11-04 2010-03-02 Cyril Bath Company Titanium stretch forming apparatus and method
US20080300552A1 (en) * 2007-06-01 2008-12-04 Cichocki Frank R Thermal forming of refractory alloy surgical needles
DE102007039998B4 (de) * 2007-08-23 2014-05-22 Benteler Defense Gmbh & Co. Kg Panzerung für ein Fahrzeug
CN100547105C (zh) * 2007-12-10 2009-10-07 巨龙钢管有限公司 一种x80钢弯管及其弯制工艺
DE102008014559A1 (de) * 2008-03-15 2009-09-17 Elringklinger Ag Verfahren zum bereichsweisen Umformen einer aus einem Federstahlblech hergestellten Blechlage einer Flachdichtung sowie Einrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
CN102361706B (zh) * 2009-01-21 2014-07-30 新日铁住金株式会社 弯曲加工金属材料及其制造方法
US8578748B2 (en) * 2009-04-08 2013-11-12 The Boeing Company Reducing force needed to form a shape from a sheet metal
DE102010009185A1 (de) * 2010-02-24 2011-11-17 Benteler Automobiltechnik Gmbh Profilbauteil
EP2571637B1 (fr) * 2010-05-17 2019-03-27 Magna International Inc. Procédé et appareil pour former des matières à faible ductilité

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6071360A (en) 1997-06-09 2000-06-06 The Boeing Company Controlled strain rate forming of thick titanium plate

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2013543443A (ja) 2013-12-05
MX2013003126A (es) 2013-06-28
US20120067100A1 (en) 2012-03-22
AU2011305970A1 (en) 2013-04-11
EP2618951A2 (fr) 2013-07-31
CN103118815A (zh) 2013-05-22
BR112013006529A2 (pt) 2016-05-31
KR20130100294A (ko) 2013-09-10
SG189002A1 (en) 2013-05-31
TW201244846A (en) 2012-11-16
WO2012039882A3 (fr) 2012-07-05
CA2810501A1 (fr) 2012-03-29
RU2013118216A (ru) 2014-10-27

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US20120067100A1 (en) Elevated Temperature Forming Methods for Metallic Materials
US7618503B2 (en) Method for improving the performance of seam-welded joints using post-weld heat treatment
WO2008088834A1 (fr) Procédé pour améliorer la performance de joints à soudure continue utilisant un traitement thermique après soudure
JP2004058082A (ja) テーラードブランクプレス成形品の製造方法
Rasera et al. Direct contact heating for hot forming die quenching
AU596744B2 (en) Variable strenth materials by rapid deformation
EP2855714B1 (fr) Micro-traitement et microstructure de carbure contenant un alliage à base de fer
Park et al. Electrically assisted stress relief annealing of automotive springs
AU596743B2 (en) Variable strength steel, formed by rapid deformation
US20100163140A1 (en) Microtreatment of Iron-Based Alloy, Apparatus and Method Therefor, and Microstructure Resulting Therefrom
CN107641691A (zh) 用于制造模压淬火的车辆构件的方法和调温装置
Janutienė et al. Modelling of induction heating of steel work piece for forging of crankshaft
CN106414787B (zh) 高强度铁基合金、其制造方法和由其得到的制品
CN113430337A (zh) 一种h13圆钢整体调质热处理方法
EP0112608B1 (fr) Procédé pour améliorer la ductilité de soudures autogènes dans des bobines d'acier inoxydable ferritique non-stabilisé
CN111534681B (zh) 一种700MPa级汽车扭力梁用钢焊缝的热处理方法
RU2771283C1 (ru) Двухпроходной способ сварки с двойным отжигом для соединения высокопрочной стали
EP2708609A1 (fr) Système et procédé de traitement par induction de métaux
US20240123482A1 (en) Hybrid stamping process incorporating traditional cold stamping with selective thermal forming/flanging/trimming operations
Shan et al. Heat treating of air-hardening high-strength structural steels
JP3242040B2 (ja) 機械構造用高炭素鋼電縫鋼管の製造方法
Codd Seam Welding and Cooling-Control Heat-Treatment of Martensitic Stainless Steel
Danda Effect of induction hardening on high carbon steel forgings
JP2011252189A (ja) 薄肉鋼加工品及びその熱処理方法
JPH11151524A (ja) 鋼管の製造方法

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 201180045240.8

Country of ref document: CN

121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 11757452

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A2

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2810501

Country of ref document: CA

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 225138

Country of ref document: IL

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2013529166

Country of ref document: JP

Kind code of ref document: A

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 20137006974

Country of ref document: KR

Kind code of ref document: A

REEP Request for entry into the european phase

Ref document number: 2011757452

Country of ref document: EP

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: 2011757452

Country of ref document: EP

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: MX/A/2013/003126

Country of ref document: MX

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2011305970

Country of ref document: AU

Date of ref document: 20110825

Kind code of ref document: A

WWE Wipo information: entry into national phase

Ref document number: A201305024

Country of ref document: UA

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 2013118216

Country of ref document: RU

Kind code of ref document: A

REG Reference to national code

Ref country code: BR

Ref legal event code: B01A

Ref document number: 112013006529

Country of ref document: BR

ENP Entry into the national phase

Ref document number: 112013006529

Country of ref document: BR

Kind code of ref document: A2

Effective date: 20130322