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WO2012034671A2 - Method for operating a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Method for operating a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012034671A2
WO2012034671A2 PCT/EP2011/004544 EP2011004544W WO2012034671A2 WO 2012034671 A2 WO2012034671 A2 WO 2012034671A2 EP 2011004544 W EP2011004544 W EP 2011004544W WO 2012034671 A2 WO2012034671 A2 WO 2012034671A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
voltage
electrical system
loop
motor vehicle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2011/004544
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German (de)
French (fr)
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WO2012034671A3 (en
Inventor
Reinhard Hofmann
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Audi AG
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Audi AG
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Publication date
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Publication of WO2012034671A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012034671A2/en
Publication of WO2012034671A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012034671A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/04Cutting off the power supply under fault conditions
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0023Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train
    • B60L3/0069Detecting, eliminating, remedying or compensating for drive train abnormalities, e.g. failures within the drive train relating to the isolation, e.g. ground fault or leak current
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a motor vehicle with a high-voltage source according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • Electric or hybrid electric vehicles require powerful, high-capacity, high-voltage power supplies to power the electric powertrain of the motor vehicle.
  • high voltage is meant a voltage of at least 60V. Such voltages pose a health risk when touched by operators or maintenance personnel. Electric or hybrid vehicles therefore require additional safety measures that can prevent unwanted contact with live parts of the high-voltage on-board electrical system.
  • a signal loop which connects all components of the high voltage electrical system.
  • a signal loop also known as a high-voltage interlock loop (HVIL)
  • HVIL high-voltage interlock loop
  • the presence of a signal fed into the signal loop is monitored by means of a suitable measuring device. If the signal is no longer present, this is interpreted as an indication of a malfunction of a component of the electrical system.
  • the high-voltage source is disconnected from the high-voltage on-board electrical system by means of a contactor.
  • short circuits from the positive or negative potential of the high-voltage on-board electrical system to ground or to a low-voltage on-board electrical system can be detected here. Even physical interruptions such as cable breaks, fallen plugs or the like are detectable.
  • a motor vehicle with such a signal loop is known for example from US Pat. No. 7,586,722 B2.
  • the signal used there is a DC voltage of 12V, whose failure is considered indicative of a short circuit or other malfunction in a component of the high voltage electrical system, whereupon the high voltage source is disconnected from the electrical system.
  • Due to the spatial proximity of the signal loop to high-voltage components, such a motor vehicle may induce currents in the signal loop.
  • Such interference signals can lead to a functioning on-board network being erroneously regarded as faulty, which leads to an undesired shutdown of the motor vehicle.
  • the reverse error can also occur, so that disturbances in components of the high-voltage on-board electrical system are not recognized and therefore operating and service personnel are exposed to danger.
  • EP 2 043 418 A2 To avoid such interference signals, it is known from EP 2 043 418 A2 to use optical waveguides for the signal loop. Although this protects against the induction of currents, but is expensive and expensive. The additional necessary optical-electronic converter for transmitting the optical signal in the optical waveguide to other electronic components of the motor vehicle are also susceptible to interference itself.
  • a DC current of known current is fed into the signal loop and the presence of the DC signal detected as a voltage drop across a resistor.
  • the number of possible measuring devices in such a signal loop is therefore limited by the current source used. It is therefore often not possible to provide a separate measuring device for each component of the high voltage electrical system. If a fault occurs in the high-voltage on-board electrical system, it can not be assigned to a specific component with certainty. The provision of redundant measuring device is often not possible.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which allows a cost-effective and trouble-free detection of malfunction in components of a high-voltage circuit of a motor vehicle.
  • a signal loop which connects all components of a high-voltage on-board electrical system is supplied with a digital signal.
  • a digital signal loop is much less prone to failure.
  • Interference signals interspersed by induction from the high-voltage electrical system can clearly be distinguished from the digital signal, so that a false shutdown of the high-voltage on-board electrical system or a falsely continuing operation of the high-voltage on-board network can be avoided in the event of a fault.
  • both interruptions of the signal loop and short circuits within the high-voltage on-board electrical system can be reliably detected.
  • the digital signal is provided in the form of a pulse width modulated signal.
  • a magnitude of the signal for example, the electrical voltage
  • the duty cycle - ie the width of the pulses of the signal - is varied.
  • Pulse width modulated signals are particularly easy to provide. Many common microcontrollers also used in motor vehicle construction already have the necessary facilities for generating such signals.
  • the presence of the signal is measured by an associated measuring device on each component of the high voltage electrical system.
  • an associated measuring device on each component of the high voltage electrical system.
  • failure information regarding the component is generated by the associated measuring device.
  • This failure information can for example be transmitted to a control unit and stored there in a memory, from which it can be read later by the service staff. This facilitates the diagnosis of malfunctions in the motor vehicle.
  • a time average of the voltage in the signal loop is measured by a further measuring device. The data determined by the further measuring device can be used to check the plausibility of the other measuring devices, so that, for example, a disconnection of the high-voltage source due to erroneous measured values can be prevented.
  • a high voltage electrical system for an electric or hybrid car includes a high voltage power source 12 for powering consumers 14, such as the electric power plant.
  • High voltage is to be understood as meaning voltages of more than 60 V, which represent a health risk when touched or even life-threatening.
  • the high-voltage source 12 is connected via a contactor 16 to the high-voltage electrical system. If maintenance work is to be carried out, the high-voltage on-board electrical system is switched off by opening the contactor 16.
  • the high-voltage on-board electrical system 10 can pose a danger, for example if a short circuit to ground or to the low-voltage on-board electrical system results from defects in one of the consumers 14. Even in the event of an accident rescue workers can be endangered by the high voltage in the electrical system 10.
  • a signal loop 18 is provided, the all consumers 14th of the high voltage electrical system 10 connects.
  • a control unit 20 integrated in the signal loop 18 feeds a digital signal, which is preferably coded by pulse width modulation, into the signal loop 18 and at the same time observes the fed-in signal.
  • the signal loop 18 is interrupted within this consumer 14, so that the fed-in signal can not run back to the control unit 20 again.
  • the control unit 20 sends a signal to the contactor 16, so that the high-voltage source 12 is separated by opening the contactor 16 from the high-voltage on-board electrical system 10.
  • the use of a digital, pulse width modulated signal protects against interference by currents that can be induced in the signal loop 18 due to the spatial proximity of the signal loop 18 to lines of the high voltage electrical system 10.
  • interference signals can be easily distinguished by the control device 20 from the input digital signals.
  • the high slew rate of digital signals which allows a simple differentiation of scattered interference signals, contributes to this.
  • a further measuring device can be integrated into the control device 20, by means of which a temporal mean value of the voltage present in the signal loop 18 is registered.
  • Such additional analog monitoring of the digital signal in the signal loop 18 can be used to check the plausibility of the digital monitoring, so that malfunctions in the digital circuits do not lead to a false shutdown of the high voltage on-board electrical system 10.
  • measuring devices 22 are provided which are each assigned to one of the consumers 14.
  • the measuring devices 22 are connected to the control device 20 via a data line 24, for example a vehicle bus. If there is an interruption of the signal loop 18 or a short circuit in one of the consumers 14, it can be determined by the measuring devices 22 which of the consumers 14 causes the malfunction. This information can be stored in the control device 20 and read out during a subsequent maintenance by the maintenance personnel become. This greatly simplifies troubleshooting the high-voltage electrical system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Control Of Ac Motors In General (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for operating a motor vehicle comprising a high-voltage source (12) for supplying components (14) of a high-voltage on-board electricity supply system (10) with electrical energy. According to said method, a signal loop (18) connecting the components (14) of the high-voltage on-board electricity supply system is provided with a signal, the presence of the signal being detected by at least one measuring device (20), and, in the absence of the signal, the high-voltage source (12) is separated from the high-voltage on-board electricity supply system (10) by at least one electrical separating means (16). According to the invention, the signal is a digital signal. Such a digital signal is to be clearly differentiated from analog parasite signals that can be induced in the signal loop (18) as a result of the spatial proximity of the signal loop (18) to the live parts of the high-voltage on-board electricity supply system. In this way, the operating safety of the motor vehicle is increased.

Description

AUDI AG P8483  AUDI AG P8483

Patentanmeldung BR/EB  Patent application BR / EB

Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftwagens Method for operating a motor vehicle

BESCHREIBUNG: Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftwagens mit einer Hochspannungsquelle nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1. DESCRIPTION The invention relates to a method for operating a motor vehicle with a high-voltage source according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Kraftwagen mit elektrischem oder Hybridantrieb benötigen leistungsstarke Hochspannungsquellen mit hoher Kapazität, um die elektrischen Antriebsag- gregate des Kraftwagens mit Energie zu versorgen. Unter Hochspannung soll dabei eine Spannung von mindestens 60 V verstanden werden. Solche Spannungen stellen bei Berührung durch Bedien- oder Wartungspersonal ein Gesundheitsrisiko dar. Elektrische oder Hybridkraftwagen benötigen daher zusätzliche Sicherheitsmaßnahmen, die ungewollten Kontakt mit spannungs- führenden Teilen des Hochspannungsbordnetzes verhindern können. Electric or hybrid electric vehicles require powerful, high-capacity, high-voltage power supplies to power the electric powertrain of the motor vehicle. By high voltage is meant a voltage of at least 60V. Such voltages pose a health risk when touched by operators or maintenance personnel. Electric or hybrid vehicles therefore require additional safety measures that can prevent unwanted contact with live parts of the high-voltage on-board electrical system.

Zur Erhöhung der Sicherheit des Hochspannungsbordnetzes ist es üblich, eine Signalschleife vorzusehen, welche alle Komponenten des Hochspannungsbordnetzes verbindet. Eine derartige Signalschleife, auch als High Voltage Interlock Loop (HVIL) bekannt, dient zur Detektion von Fehlfunktionen und insbesondere Kurzschlüssen in den Komponenten des Hochspannungsbordnetzes. Hierzu wird das Vorliegen eines in die Signalschleife eingespeisten Signals mittels einer geeigneten Messvorrichtung überwacht. Liegt das Signal nicht mehr vor, so wird dies als Anzeichen für eine Fehlfunk- tion einer Komponente des Bordnetzes gewertet. Um daraus resultierende Gefahren zu reduzieren, wird in diesem Fall die Hochspannungsquelle mittels eines Schützes vom Hochspannungsbordnetz abgetrennt. Insbesondere können hier Kurzschlüsse von dem positiven bzw. negativen Potential des Hochspannungsbordnetzes zu Masse oder zu eine Kleinspannungsbordnetz detektiert werden. Auch physikalische Unterbrechungen wie Kabelbrüche, abgefallene Stecker oder dergleichen sind detektierbar. To increase the safety of the high voltage electrical system, it is customary to provide a signal loop which connects all components of the high voltage electrical system. Such a signal loop, also known as a high-voltage interlock loop (HVIL), serves to detect malfunctions and, in particular, short-circuits in the components of the high-voltage on-board electrical system. For this purpose, the presence of a signal fed into the signal loop is monitored by means of a suitable measuring device. If the signal is no longer present, this is interpreted as an indication of a malfunction of a component of the electrical system. In order to reduce the resulting dangers, in this case the high-voltage source is disconnected from the high-voltage on-board electrical system by means of a contactor. In particular, short circuits from the positive or negative potential of the high-voltage on-board electrical system to ground or to a low-voltage on-board electrical system can be detected here. Even physical interruptions such as cable breaks, fallen plugs or the like are detectable.

Ein Kraftwagen mit einer solchen Signalschleife ist beispielsweise aus der US 7 586 722 B2 bekannt. Als Signal dient dort eine Gleichspannung von 12V, deren Ausfall als Hinweis auf einen Kurzschluss oder eine andere Fehlfunktion in einer Komponente des Hochspannungsbordnetzes gewertet wird, woraufhin die Hochspannungsquelle vom Bordnetz abgetrennt wird. Aufgrund der räumlichen Nähe der Signalschleife zu hochspannungsführenden Komponenten kann es bei einem solchen Kraftwagen zur Induktion von Strömen in der Signalschleife kommen. Solche Störsignale können dazu führen, dass ein funktionsfähiges Bordnetz fälschlich als fehlerhaft betrachtet wird, was zu einem unerwünschten Stilllegen des Kraftwagens führt. Auch der umgekehrte Fehler kann auftreten, so dass Störungen in Komponenten des Hochspannungsbordnetzes nicht erkannt werden und daher Bedien- und Servicepersonal einer Gefahr ausgesetzt werden. A motor vehicle with such a signal loop is known for example from US Pat. No. 7,586,722 B2. The signal used there is a DC voltage of 12V, whose failure is considered indicative of a short circuit or other malfunction in a component of the high voltage electrical system, whereupon the high voltage source is disconnected from the electrical system. Due to the spatial proximity of the signal loop to high-voltage components, such a motor vehicle may induce currents in the signal loop. Such interference signals can lead to a functioning on-board network being erroneously regarded as faulty, which leads to an undesired shutdown of the motor vehicle. The reverse error can also occur, so that disturbances in components of the high-voltage on-board electrical system are not recognized and therefore operating and service personnel are exposed to danger.

Zur Vermeidung solcher Störsignale ist es aus der EP 2 043 418 A2 bekannt, Lichtwellenleiter für die Signalschleife zu verwenden. Dies schützt zwar vor der Induktion von Strömen, ist jedoch teuer und aufwändig. Die zusätzlich notwendigen optisch-elektronischen Wandler zum Übertragen des optischen Signals im Lichtwellenleiter an weitere elektronische Komponenten des Kraftwagens sind zudem selbst störanfällig. To avoid such interference signals, it is known from EP 2 043 418 A2 to use optical waveguides for the signal loop. Although this protects against the induction of currents, but is expensive and expensive. The additional necessary optical-electronic converter for transmitting the optical signal in the optical waveguide to other electronic components of the motor vehicle are also susceptible to interference itself.

Bei weiteren bekannten Signalschleifen wird ein Gleichstrom bekannter Stromstärke in die Signalschleife eingespeist und das Vorliegen des Gleichstromsignals als Spannungsabfall an einem Widerstand detektiert. Die Anzahl der möglichen Messvorrichtungen in einer solchen Signalschleife ist da- her durch die verwendete Stromquelle begrenzt. Es ist daher oft nicht möglich, für jede Komponente des Hochspannungsbordnetzes eine eigene Messvorrichtung vorzusehen. Tritt ein Fehler im Hochspannungsbordnetz auf, so kann dieser nicht mit Sicherheit einer bestimmten Komponente zugeordnet werden. Auch das Vorsehen redundanter Messvorrichtung ist oftmals nicht möglich. In other known signal loops, a DC current of known current is fed into the signal loop and the presence of the DC signal detected as a voltage drop across a resistor. The number of possible measuring devices in such a signal loop is therefore limited by the current source used. It is therefore often not possible to provide a separate measuring device for each component of the high voltage electrical system. If a fault occurs in the high-voltage on-board electrical system, it can not be assigned to a specific component with certainty. The provision of redundant measuring device is often not possible.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren nach dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 bereitzustellen, welches eine kostengünstige und störungssichere Detektion von Fehlfunktionen in Kom- ponenten eines Hochspannungskreislaufs eines Kraftwagens ermöglicht. The present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method according to the preamble of claim 1, which allows a cost-effective and trouble-free detection of malfunction in components of a high-voltage circuit of a motor vehicle.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Bei einem solchen Verfahren wird erfindungsgemäß eine Signalschleife, die alle Komponenten eines Hochspannungsbordnetzes verbindet, mit einem digitalen Signal beaufschlagt. Verglichen mit den üblicherweise verwendeten analogen Signalschleifen ist eine solche digitale Signalschleife wesentlich weniger störanfällig. Durch Induktion aus dem Hochspannungsbordnetz eingestreute Störsignale sind eindeutig von dem digitalen Signal unterscheidbar, so dass ein fälschliches Stilllegen des Hochspannungsbordnetzes oder ein fälschliches Weiterbetreiben des Hochspannungsbordnetzes bei tatsächlichem Vorliegen einer Störung vermieden werden kann. Mittels des Verfah- ren können sowohl Unterbrechungen der Signalschleife als auch Kurzschlüsse innerhalb des Hochspannungsbordnetzes zuverlässig erkannt werden. Dies ermöglicht es, das Hochspannungsbordnetz sowohl sicher als auch störungsarm zu betreiben. In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird das digitale Signal in Form eines pulsweitenmodulierten Signals bereitgestellt. Bei der Pulsweitenmodulation wechselt eine Größe des Signals, beispielsweise die elektrische Spannung, zwischen zwei Zuständen, wobei bei konstanter Frequenz das Tastverhältnis - also die Breite der Impulse des Signals - variiert wird. Pulsweitenmodulierte Signale sind besonders einfach bereitzustellen. Viele gängige, auch im Kraftwagenbau verwendete MikroController besitzen bereits die notwendigen Einrichtungen zur Erzeugung solcher Signale. This object is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1. In such a method, according to the invention, a signal loop which connects all components of a high-voltage on-board electrical system is supplied with a digital signal. Compared with the commonly used analog signal loops, such a digital signal loop is much less prone to failure. Interference signals interspersed by induction from the high-voltage electrical system can clearly be distinguished from the digital signal, so that a false shutdown of the high-voltage on-board electrical system or a falsely continuing operation of the high-voltage on-board network can be avoided in the event of a fault. By means of the method, both interruptions of the signal loop and short circuits within the high-voltage on-board electrical system can be reliably detected. This makes it possible to operate the high-voltage on-board electrical system both safely and without interference. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the digital signal is provided in the form of a pulse width modulated signal. In the pulse width modulation, a magnitude of the signal, for example, the electrical voltage, changes between two states, wherein at constant frequency, the duty cycle - ie the width of the pulses of the signal - is varied. Pulse width modulated signals are particularly easy to provide. Many common microcontrollers also used in motor vehicle construction already have the necessary facilities for generating such signals.

Vorzugsweise wird an jeder Komponente des Hochspannungsbordnetzes das Vorliegen des Signals durch eine zugeordnete Messvorrichtung gemessen. Bei einer Störung im Hochspannungsbordnetz kann so auf einfachste Weise festgestellt werden, welche Komponente die Störung verursacht. Dies ermöglicht es, gegebenenfalls spezifische Maßnahmen zu ergreifen, wie beispielsweise zunächst die fehlerhafte Komponente vom Hochspannungsbord- netz abzutrennen, bevor die Hochspannungsquelle selbst abgetrennt wird. Preferably, the presence of the signal is measured by an associated measuring device on each component of the high voltage electrical system. In the event of a fault in the high-voltage on-board electrical system, it is thus possible in the simplest way to determine which component causes the fault. This makes it possible, if necessary, to take specific measures, such as, for example, first to disconnect the faulty component from the high-voltage on-board network before the high-voltage source itself is disconnected.

Es ist dabei besonders zweckmäßig, wenn bei Nichtvorliegen des Signals an einer Komponente des Hochspannungsbordnetzes durch die zugeordnete Messvorrichtung eine Ausfallinformation betreffend die Komponente erzeugt wird. Diese Ausfallinformation kann beispielsweise an ein Steuergerät übermittelt und dort in einem Speicher abgelegt werden, aus dem sie später durch das Servicepersonal ausgelesen werden kann. Dadurch wird die Diagnose von Fehlfunktionen im Kraftwagen erleichtert. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung wird durch eine weitere Messvorrichtung ein zeitlicher Mittelwert der Spannung in der Signalschleife gemessen. Die durch die weitere Messvorrichtung ermittelten Daten können zur Plausibilisierung der Messwerte der anderen Messvorrich- tungen verwendet werden, so dass beispielsweise ein Abtrennen der Hochspannungsquelle aufgrund fehlerhafter Messwerte verhindert werden kann. It is particularly expedient if, in the absence of the signal on a component of the high-voltage on-board electrical system, failure information regarding the component is generated by the associated measuring device. This failure information can for example be transmitted to a control unit and stored there in a memory, from which it can be read later by the service staff. This facilitates the diagnosis of malfunctions in the motor vehicle. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, a time average of the voltage in the signal loop is measured by a further measuring device. The data determined by the further measuring device can be used to check the plausibility of the other measuring devices, so that, for example, a disconnection of the high-voltage source due to erroneous measured values can be prevented.

Unterschreitet der von der weiteren Messvorrichtung bestimmte zeitliche Mittelwert der Spannung einen vorgegebenen Schwellenwert, so wird vorzugs- weise ebenfalls die Hochspannungsquelle durch das elektrische Trennmittel vom Hochspannungsbordnetz abgetrennt. Auf diese Weise wird das Hochspannungsbordnetz auch dann in einen sicheren Zustand gebracht, wenn eine Fehlfunktion durch die anderen Messvorrichtungen nicht erkannt wird. Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung und ihre Ausführungsformen anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Die einzige Figur zeigt hierbei eine schematische Darstellung eines Bordnetzes eines Kraftwagens zur Verwendung im Rahmen eines Ausführungsbeispiels eines erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Ein im Ganzen mit 10 bezeichnetes Hochspannungsbordnetz für einen elektrischen oder Hybridkraftwagen umfasst eine Hochspannungsquelle 12 zum Versorgen von Verbrauchern 14, wie beispielsweise dem elektrischen Antriebsaggregat, mit Energie. Unter Hochspannung sollen hierbei Spannungen von mehr als 60 V verstanden werden, welche bei Berührung ein Gesund- heitsrisiko darstellen oder gar lebensgefährlich sind. Um beispielsweise bei Wartungsarbeiten das Hochspannungsbordnetz 10 in einen sicheren Zustand bringen zu können, ist die Hochspannungsquelle 12 über ein Schütz 16 mit dem Hochspannungsbordnetz verbunden. Sollen Wartungsarbeiten durchgeführt werden, so wird das Hochspannungsbordnetz durch Öffnen des Schützes 16 spannungslos geschaltet. If the time mean value of the voltage determined by the further measuring device falls below a predetermined threshold value, the high-voltage source is likewise preferably disconnected from the high-voltage on-board electrical system by the electrical separating means. In this way, the high voltage electrical system is brought into a safe state even if a malfunction is not recognized by the other measuring devices. In the following the invention and its embodiments will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The single figure shows a schematic representation of a vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle for use in the context of an embodiment of a method according to the invention. A high voltage electrical system for an electric or hybrid car, generally designated 10, includes a high voltage power source 12 for powering consumers 14, such as the electric power plant. High voltage is to be understood as meaning voltages of more than 60 V, which represent a health risk when touched or even life-threatening. In order to be able to bring the high-voltage electrical system 10 into a safe state during maintenance work, for example, the high-voltage source 12 is connected via a contactor 16 to the high-voltage electrical system. If maintenance work is to be carried out, the high-voltage on-board electrical system is switched off by opening the contactor 16.

Auch außerhalb von regulären Wartungsarbeiten kann das Hochspannungsbordnetz 10 eine Gefahr darstellen, beispielsweise wenn durch Defekte an einem der Verbraucher 14 ein Kurzschluss zu Masse oder zum Kleinspan- nungsbordnetz entsteht. Auch im Falle eines Unfalls können Rettungskräfte durch die Hochspannung im Bordnetz 10 gefährdet werden. Even outside of regular maintenance work, the high-voltage on-board electrical system 10 can pose a danger, for example if a short circuit to ground or to the low-voltage on-board electrical system results from defects in one of the consumers 14. Even in the event of an accident rescue workers can be endangered by the high voltage in the electrical system 10.

Um in solchen Fällen die Sicherheit des Hochspannungsbordnetzes 10 zu gewährleisten, ist eine Signalschleife 18 vorgesehen, die alle Verbraucher 14 des Hochspannungsbordnetzes 10 verbindet. Ein in die Signalschleife 18 eingebundenes Steuergerät 20 speist ein digitales Signal, welches vorzugsweise durch Pulsweitenmodulation codiert ist, in die Signalschleife 18 ein und beobachtet gleichzeitig das eingespeiste Signal. Bei einem Defekt in einem der Verbraucher 14, beispielsweise bei einem Kurzschluss, wird die Signalschleife 18 innerhalb dieses Verbrauchers 14 unterbrochen, so dass das eingespeiste Signal nicht wieder bis zum Steuergerät 20 zurücklaufen kann. Bei einer solchen Unterbrechung der Signalschleife 18 sendet das Steuergerät 20 ein Signal an das Schütz 16, so dass die Hochspannungs- quelle 12 durch Öffnen des Schützes 16 vom Hochspannungsbordnetz 10 abgetrennt wird. In order to ensure the safety of the high voltage electrical system 10 in such cases, a signal loop 18 is provided, the all consumers 14th of the high voltage electrical system 10 connects. A control unit 20 integrated in the signal loop 18 feeds a digital signal, which is preferably coded by pulse width modulation, into the signal loop 18 and at the same time observes the fed-in signal. In the case of a defect in one of the consumers 14, for example in the event of a short circuit, the signal loop 18 is interrupted within this consumer 14, so that the fed-in signal can not run back to the control unit 20 again. In such an interruption of the signal loop 18, the control unit 20 sends a signal to the contactor 16, so that the high-voltage source 12 is separated by opening the contactor 16 from the high-voltage on-board electrical system 10.

Die Verwendung eines digitalen, pulsweitenmodulierten Signals schützt hierbei vor Störung durch Ströme, die aufgrund der räumlichen Nähe der Signal- schleife 18 zu Leitungen des Hochspannungsbordnetzes 10 in der Signalschleife 18 induziert werden können. Solche Störsignale können von der Steuereinrichtung 20 auf einfache Weise von den eingespeisten digitalen Signalen unterschieden werden. Hierzu trägt insbesondere die hohe Flankensteilheit digitaler Signale bei, die eine einfache Unterscheidung von ein- gestreuten Störsignalen erlaubt. The use of a digital, pulse width modulated signal protects against interference by currents that can be induced in the signal loop 18 due to the spatial proximity of the signal loop 18 to lines of the high voltage electrical system 10. Such interference signals can be easily distinguished by the control device 20 from the input digital signals. In particular, the high slew rate of digital signals, which allows a simple differentiation of scattered interference signals, contributes to this.

Um eine zusätzliche Redundanz in der Signalschleife 18 zu schaffen, kann eine weitere Messvorrichtung in die Steuervorrichtung 20 integriert werden, mittels welcher ein zeitlicher Mittelwert des in der Signalschleife 18 anliegen- den Spannung registriert wird. Eine solche zusätzliche analoge Überwachung des digitalen Signal in der Signalschleife 18 kann zur Plausibilisierung der digitalen Überwachung herangezogen werden, so dass Fehlfunktionen in den digitalen Schaltungen nicht zu einem fälschlichen Abschalten des Hochspannungsbordnetzes 10 führen. In order to provide additional redundancy in the signal loop 18, a further measuring device can be integrated into the control device 20, by means of which a temporal mean value of the voltage present in the signal loop 18 is registered. Such additional analog monitoring of the digital signal in the signal loop 18 can be used to check the plausibility of the digital monitoring, so that malfunctions in the digital circuits do not lead to a false shutdown of the high voltage on-board electrical system 10.

Neben den in die Steuereinrichtung 20 integrierten Messvorrichtungen sind weitere Messvorrichtungen 22 vorgesehen, die jeweils einem der Verbraucher 14 zugeordnet sind. Die Messvorrichtungen 22 sind über eine Datenleitung 24, beispielsweise einen Fahrzeugbus, mit der Steuereinrichtung 20 verbunden. Tritt eine Unterbrechung der Signalschleife 18 oder ein Kurzschluss in einem der Verbraucher 14 auf, so kann durch die Messvorrichtungen 22 festgestellt werden, welcher der Verbraucher 14 die Fehlfunktion verursacht. Diese Information kann in der Steuereinrichtung 20 gespeichert und bei einer nachfolgenden Wartung durch das Wartungspersonal ausgelesen werden. Dadurch wird die Fehlersuche im Hochspannungsbordnetz beträchtlich vereinfacht. In addition to the measuring devices integrated in the control device 20, further measuring devices 22 are provided which are each assigned to one of the consumers 14. The measuring devices 22 are connected to the control device 20 via a data line 24, for example a vehicle bus. If there is an interruption of the signal loop 18 or a short circuit in one of the consumers 14, it can be determined by the measuring devices 22 which of the consumers 14 causes the malfunction. This information can be stored in the control device 20 and read out during a subsequent maintenance by the maintenance personnel become. This greatly simplifies troubleshooting the high-voltage electrical system.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE: CLAIMS: Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Kraftwagens mit einer Hochspannungsquelle (12) zum Versorgen von Komponenten (14) eines Hochspannungsbordnetzes (10) mit elektrischer Energie, bei welchem eine Signalschleife (18), welche die Komponenten (14) des Hochspannungsbordnetzes (10) verbindet, mit einem Signal beaufschlagt wird, wobei das Vorliegen des Signals durch wenigstens eine Messvorrichtung (20) detektiert wird und, falls das Signal nicht vorliegt, die Hochspannungsquelle (12) durch wenigstens ein elektrisches Trennmittel (16) vom Hochspannungsbordnetz (10) abgetrennt wird, Method for operating a motor vehicle with a high-voltage source (12) for supplying components (14) of a high-voltage electrical system (10) with electrical energy, in which a signal loop (18) which connects the components (14) of the high-voltage on-board electrical system (10) with a Signal is detected, wherein the presence of the signal is detected by at least one measuring device (20) and, if the signal is not present, the high voltage source (12) by at least one electrical separating means (16) from the high voltage electrical system (10) is disconnected, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that das Signal ein digitales Signal ist.  the signal is a digital signal. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 , Method according to claim 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that das Signal ein pulsweitenmoduliertes Signal ist.  the signal is a pulse width modulated signal. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, Method according to claim 1 or 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that an jeder Komponente (14) des Hochspannungsbordnetzes (10) das Vorliegen des Signals durch eine zugeordnete Messvorrichtung (22) gemessen wird.  on each component (14) of the high voltage electrical system (10) the presence of the signal by an associated measuring device (22) is measured. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, Method according to claim 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that bei Nichtvorliegen des Signals an einer Komponente (14) des Hochspannungsbordnetzes (10) durch die zugeordnete Messvorrichtung (22) eine Ausfallinformation betreffend die Komponente (14) erzeugt wird.  in the absence of the signal at a component (14) of the high voltage electrical system (10) by the associated measuring device (22) a failure information concerning the component (14) is generated. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass  characterized in that durch eine weitere Messvorrichtung (20) ein zeitlicher Mittelwert der Spannung in der Signalschleife (18) gemessen wird.  by a further measuring device (20) a time average of the voltage in the signal loop (18) is measured. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, 6. The method according to claim 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei Absinken des zeitlichen Mittelwerts der Spannung in der Signalschleife (18) die Hochspannungsquelle (12) mittels des elektrischen Trennmittels (16) vom Hochspannungsbordnetz (10) abgetrennt wird. characterized in that when the time average of the voltage in the signal loop (18) drops, the high-voltage source (12) is disconnected from the high-voltage on-board electrical system (10) by means of the electrical separating means (16).
PCT/EP2011/004544 2010-09-18 2011-09-09 Method for operating a motor vehicle Ceased WO2012034671A2 (en)

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