WO2012019207A1 - Component - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a component that is designed as a solar collector and that has at least one chamber (13) through which a liquid or gaseous (vaporous) heat transfer medium flows. The chamber (13) is delimited by planar or curved panel-type or film-type elements (1, 3). The elements (1, 3) delimiting said chamber (13) are transparent (clear), and therefore not opaque or diffusely translucent, as a result of the selection of material of which they consist and/or of coatings, being designed in such a manner that light in spectrum B enters into said chamber (13) and is preferably absorbed by the heat transfer medium.

Description

 component

The invention relates to a component having at least two electromagnetic parts for electromagnetic radiation, in particular electromagnetic radiation in the form of light, permeable, flat parts.

Such components may be doors, windows, fixed elements, facades, ceiling elements, wall parts, roofs, attachment elements, industrial components, industrial process windows, observation windows for plants and animals, solar power plants and cooling plants.

The translucent parts consist for example of glass or a translucent plastic in the form of a plate or foil. The translucent ("clear") parts may have any shape / shape. Thus, among other things flat parts are considered, which are flat, as well as flat parts which are curved in at least one direction and are, for example, spherically curved.

The "thermotropic" layer provided on the glass panes or only one of these in WO 2004/036122 A1 does not change the wavelength of the electromagnetic radiation which strikes the heat transfer medium flowing between the panes. The thermotropic layer changes only from opaque to transparent and vice versa.

The "separation layer" provided there in DE 195 33 818 A1, which is provided between the wall shells, should in itself be contradictory to "radiopaque, thus absorbing a fraction of the solar radiation". A change in wavelength is not disclosed.

In the case of an insulating glass pane according to DE 199 26 343 A1, it is intended to provide an LCD liquid-crystal layer which is intended to permit stepless darkening by applying a voltage. Again, a change in wavelength is not addressed.

The invention is based on the object to develop such a component to the effect that he can fulfill beyond the function as a sight opening and heat exchange addition to other functions. This object is achieved according to the invention with a component having the features of claim 1.

Preferred and advantageous embodiments of the component according to the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. The inventively proposed embodiment of the component of the invention, this is a heat exchanger with multiple function, which is especially and not exclusively intended to one or more of the following functions: - The component of the invention takes over for the transport of the function of storing heat transfer media (gas, Liquid, vapor) and filtering electromagnetic radiation, in particular sunlight;

 The component serves as a heat exchange surface for heating or cooling in combination under the action of sunlight.

- The component of the invention is used to represent visual and / or characters, so as a design element for buildings.

 Optical elements, such as lenses, collectors, scatterers, or damping elements, may be provided on the component according to the invention for the purpose of optical filtering.

- The component of the invention can serve the communication.

 The component according to the invention can be used as a mood-generating device for light therapy in humans, animals and plants.

 The component according to the invention can be used for producing ozone or for sterilizing or treating, for example, water.

It is within the scope of the invention considered that the component according to the invention can be used not only for each of the above-mentioned functions per se, but also for combinations of at least two of the above-mentioned functions. Thus, an essential part of the invention is that known, translucent elements (components) regardless of their shape (outline round or polygonal) or shape (flat or curved / curved surface parts) are designed so that they additionally for other functions can be used. In the most general form, the translucent (transparent and / or translucent) elements of the component are designed such that they filter electromagnetic radiation, in particular sunlight, so that only the respective desired wavelength is transmitted. For this purpose, the translucent parts may optionally be provided with a coating.

A coating may also be used to prevent deposits and / or serve as a friction reducing agent so that heat transfer media flowing between the elements will do so with less friction. Such a coating may be a nano-coating. The nano-coating can also effect alone or in combination with other coatings the desired filtering of sunlight.

The components according to the invention have transparent elements in the form of discs and / or foils, which, as is known per se for windows, doors, fixed elements, etc., can be fixed in frames.

In the simplest form, the component according to the invention has two plate-shaped elements (disks) or two films. For optimization and multiple use more than two plate-shaped elements and / or films may be provided in the component according to the invention.

Between the plate-shaped elements or films, for example, flows a gaseous, liquid or vaporous heat transfer medium.

In the context of the invention, it is also considered that in an embodiment with more than two panes and / or foils, not all intermediate spaces are flowed through by heat transfer media. Thus it can be achieved that individual disks / films or heat exchangers are separated from each other, and a multiple benefit is achieved.

In one embodiment, the component according to the invention with at least two electromagnetic elements, in particular light, permeable, plate-shaped elements and / or films characterized in that due to the formation of the plate-shaped elements and / or films, passing through the component electromagnetic radiation on the outlet side has a different spectrum than the inlet side, and that the space between the two plate-shaped elements and / or films is flowed through by a gaseous or liquid heat transfer medium.

For example, in one embodiment, the component according to the invention may be characterized in that at least one plate-shaped element is provided with a coating such that the coating is provided on the side facing the chamber between the two plate-shaped elements, such that a coating is provided on the side of the light source outer plate-shaped element is provided, that a coating on the chamber facing the side of the inner, so abgegwendeten from the light source, plate-shaped element is provided that flows in the space between the plate-shaped elements, a heat transfer medium, that in the space between the plate-shaped elements incoming radiation has a spectrum (spectrum B), which depends on the flowing heat transfer medium is preferably absorbed that the plate-shaped elements and / or films are flat, that the plate-shaped elements and / or films are curved, in particular curved, that the plate-shaped elements and / or films are transparent, especially clear-sighted, and that the space between the two plate-shaped elements and / or films is flowed through by a vaporous medium.

 Further features and details of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the schematic drawings. 1 shows an embodiment of a component according to the invention with two disks, FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of a component according to the invention with four disks, FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of a component according to the invention with two disks and additional, associated further equipment parts, FIG. 4 shows an embodiment a component according to the invention with four panes and associated other system parts.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a component according to the invention consists of two glass panes 1, 3. The boundary surfaces 5, 7 of the outer pane 1 and the boundary surfaces 9, 11 of the inner pane 3 are each provided with a coating.

By selecting the material of the discs 1, 3 (outer disc 1 on the one hand and inner disc 3 on the other) and by selecting the type of coatings and finally by selecting the heat transfer medium flowing through the space 13 between the discs 1, 3, on the one hand the Energy input into the heat transfer medium and on the other hand determines the function of the component according to the invention as a window.

In Fig. 1 is still shown how a from the outside on the component according to the invention, namely the outer glass pane 1, incident light beam is partially reflected with the spectrum A at the outer boundary surface 5 of the outer pane 1, and only a certain wavelength through the glass 1 occurs. Also at the second interface 7 occurs by the coating applied there partial reflection and partially influencing the spectrum, so that finally light enters the spectrum B in the space 13 between the two glass panes 1, 3. At the second (inner) glass sheet 3 and the outer and inner boundary surface 9, 11 occur the same phenomena, so that finally the light with the spectrum C in the interior 15 (for example, in a living room) passes.

Specifically, the following occurs: Sunlight with spectrum A impinges on the front side 5 of the outer pane 1 as an electromagnetic wave. On the first (outer) boundary surface 5 is a wavelength-dependent reflection, which by the Coating on the outside 5 of the outer glass pane 1 is defined and is influenced by the choice of the coating. The electromagnetic wave continues through the outer disc 1 and is attenuated depending. By the provided on the inner surface 7 of the outer pane 1 coating, which is adapted in composition and effect of the desired overall function, the light leaves the outer glass pane 1 with the spectrum B and enters the gap 13 between the outer and the inner pane. 1 , 3 on. The gaseous, liquid or vaporous heat transfer medium flowing there absorbs heat from the electromagnetic radiation and is thereby heated. As a result, the electromagnetic wave now passes through the inner disc 3, where mutatis mutandis the same processes occur as in disc 1.

In the embodiment of a component according to the invention shown in Fig. 1 is by the coatings on the inner boundary surface 7 of the outer pane 1 and the outer boundary surface 9 of the inner pane 3, an improved multiple reflection and thus a better utilization of the registered energy by transition to the achieved in the space 13 between the two panes 1, 3 flowing heat transfer medium. This heat transfer medium can then be fed to generate energy at least one heat exchanger. The advantage in this example is the simultaneous use as a window and solar collector and the associated benefits such as space, improvement of the optical design by eliminating solar panels and / or as a supplement to conventional solar panels. Analogously, the component according to the invention can be used not only as a window but as any other component (see above).

2, an embodiment of a component according to the invention with four glass plates 1, 3, 17, 19 is provided. The glass plates 1, 3, 17, 19 cause a change in the spectrum with each passage, so that light entering the spectrum A in the first space 13 between the outer of the two glass plates 1, 3 with the spectrum B and in the gap 21 between the second and the third glass plate 17, 19 with the spectrum C is present. Finally, light with the spectrum D enters the space 23 between the third and the fourth glass plate 17, 19 and finally reaches the spectrum E in the interior 15 of the room.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, coatings can be provided at the boundary surfaces of the glass sheets 1, 3, 17, 19, as has been explained and described in connection with FIG. In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, it is possible to flow in the space 21 between the second glass pane 3 and the third glass pane 17, an insulating medium, whereas in the space 13 between the first and the second glass pane 1, 3 and / or in the gap 23 between the third and the fourth glass pane 17, 19 a heat transfer medium (liquid, gaseous or vaporous) can flow.

In the embodiment shown in Fig. 2, by the choice of the material of the discs 1, 3, 17, 19 and possibly their coatings, and by certain choice of the heat transfer medium, the energy input into the heat transfer medium and the function of the component, e.g. as a window, to be determined. Finally, as a desired function can be achieved as cooling.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the volume flow of the heat transfer medium into the intermediate space 13 and / or 21 of the disks 1, 3, 17, 19 can be selected such that the medium undergoes only minimal heating between inlet and outlet, and the medium temperature of the medium can be adjusted to the desired temperature inside the building. Thus, a function of the component according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 is given as a cooling element.

In the component according to FIG. 2, it is possible to bring the (slightly) heated heat transfer medium now to the required cool inlet temperature of the component according to the invention by means of heat exchangers. These heat exchangers can be geothermal heat exchangers and / or brought as a solution using solar cooling.

The advantage of this embodiment is the simultaneous use as a window and as a solar collector for gaining energy and the associated benefits, such as space, improving the optical design by eliminating solar panels and / or air conditioning, and the elimination of the associated environmental and Energy loads.

In the component according to the invention according to FIG. 2, the cooled medium can then be supplied to the innermost pane plane (room 23) for cooling the building. The embodiment of the component according to the invention shown in FIG. 2 can also be used for heating. This embodiment is determined by the choice of the materials of the discs 1, 3, 17, 19 and the coatings applied thereto, and by appropriate choice of the heat transfer medium and thus the energy input into the heat transfer medium, and for the function as a window for heating. In contrast to the embodiment described above, the primary function becomes the flow of the gaseous, liquid or vaporous heat transfer medium in the space between the discs for the purpose of heating. In this case, the volume flow is selected so that the heat transfer medium undergoes only minimal cooling between inlet and outlet, and the average temperature of the heat transfer medium corresponds to the desired temperature inside the building.

The slightly cooled heat transfer medium is now reached to the required temperature by heat exchange and / or as a solar collector.

An advantage of this embodiment is the simultaneous use as a window and as a heating element for distributing energy and the associated advantages, such as space, improving the optical design by eliminating heating elements and improving the comfort of Kühlflächenheizungen with small surface temperature differences of the building inner surfaces. By increasing the heating surfaces, lower flow temperatures can be selected and the disadvantages with regard to environmental impact and energy consumption eliminated.

It is understood that the heating of the heat transfer medium can also be brought about as described with reference to FIG. 1, if sufficient solar radiation is present.

For optimizing, a region of the component according to FIG. 2 can work with the first and second glass panes 1, 3 (outer pane pair) as described in connection with FIG. 1, wherein the gap between the two inner glass panes 17, 19 Help the recovered heat is heated.

FIG. 3 shows a component according to FIG. 1 with further system parts which additionally permit the use of the component as a design element.

The additional components are a circulation pump 31, a heat exchanger 33 and an arrangement of tank 35 and mixer 37 for mixing paint in the heat transfer medium, which flows in the space 13 between the two glass panes 1, 3.

The operation of the component according to FIG. 3 is in principle as described with reference to FIG. 1.

A difference from the mode of operation according to FIG. 1 is that the heat transfer medium, which flows through the intermediate space 13 between the two glass panes 1, 3, at the push of a button, a medium which is colored may be supplied, coloring of the heat transfer medium in its entirety being taken into consideration as well as only partial coloring thereof. Variants can be achieved in that different colors are mixed with each other, wherein in the area 13 between the glass panes 1, 3 different flow images can be achieved.

Fig. 4 shows an analogous embodiment of a component according to the invention of four glass panes 1, 3, 17, 19, in which the heat transfer medium can be formed in color.

In addition, in this embodiment, a mixing / demixing system associated color tank can be provided.

By providing tanks with differently colored media as well as correspondingly controlled valves, the embodiments shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be extended so that symbols and messages can also be displayed. As a material for the coatings new and well-known in the art materials can be used, which are suitable for increasing the efficiency.

Coatings contemplated by the invention are:

1) precious metal (sputtered - softcoating)

 · Purpose: reflection of the longer-wave IR radiation - solar control glass

• Manufactured using magnetron systems

 • There are several layers - typical layer structure

 Glass

 Tin oxide adhesion promoter and anti-reflection coating for

- Silver layer functional layer

 Tin oxide oxidation layer for wear layer

2) nitride layers (pyrolysis process)

 Use solar control glass

- Glass

 Titanium nitride functional layer

 Silicon Oxide / Carbide Oxide / Nitride Oxide> Oxidation Protection, Coloring.

These two coatings are preferably to be attached to the third glass surface (= front of the disc 3). As a result, the reflection of the solar spectrum or the Spectrum remaining after passing through the first disc 1 and the medium. Sense of this measure is that the medium is again "irradiated". These surface areas apply to the pair of disks 1, 3 or the first chamber closer to the sun - in this case the energy should be collected.

In hot areas, where only cooling is required and the energy input has a lower priority, the first surfaces can also be coated. The first surface should then be designed as a nitride layer, this is characterized by better mechanical resistance.

3) Self-cleaning coatings nano coatings

 Mineral coating produced by Pyroloseverfahren.

Sense is the dirt-free on the outside, so that optimum transmission is present, the main purpose is the minimization of friction in the flow channel between the medium and glass surface and the prevention of deposits. This coating can then be adapted to the required transmission on the second surface (back of the first disc) and the required reflection on the third surface (front of the disc 2).

4) Glass Physical properties (uncoated)

 90% transmission between 0.2 to 2.5 μητι

 8% reflection

 5% absorption

These values are decisive for the solar spectrum 5000 K radiation temperature. This means high transmittance for infrared (heat) and visible light (brightness).

Heat in the house Radiation temperature 300 K

Wavelength about 10 pm

 98% emission in the range radiation between 3-30 pm

Transmission 3%

Absorption 89% This means that the innermost disc strongly absorbs the room temperature. Glass with more iron content allows more infrared.

5) Heat transfer media Filter media Typical medium is, for example, water, which in addition to the very good heat transfer properties also has the desired spectral filtering. Ultraviolet light has very little attenuation or high transmission and absorbs infrared very well. A gaseous element as the medium is C0 ₂ .

Again, there is spectral filtering, albeit to a much lesser extent.

In summary, an embodiment of the invention can be described as follows: A component designed as a solar collector has at least one chamber 13 through which a liquid or gaseous (vaporous) heat transfer medium flows. The chamber 13 is bounded by planar or curved, plate-shaped or foil-shaped elements 1, 3. The elements 1, 3, which limit the chamber 13 are transparent (clear), ie not opaque or diffusely transparent, by selecting the material of which they consist, and / or formed by coatings so that in the chamber 13 with light a spectrum B, which is preferably absorbed by the heat transfer medium.

Claims

Claims: Component having at least two for electromagnetic radiation, in particular light, permeable, plate-shaped elements and / or films, characterized in that due to the formation of the plate-shaped elements and / or films, passing through the component electromagnetic radiation on the outlet side a different spectrum than the inlet side , And that the space between the two plate-shaped elements and / or films is flowed through by a gaseous or liquid heat transfer medium. Component according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one plate-shaped element is provided with a coating. Component according to claim 2, characterized in that the coating is provided on the side facing the chamber between the two plate-shaped elements. Component according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a coating on the side facing the light source side of the outer plate-shaped element (1) is provided. Component according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that a coating on the chamber (13) facing side (9) of the inner, so abgegwendeten from the light source, plate-shaped element (3) is provided. Component according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the space between the plate-shaped elements (1, 3) flows a heat transfer medium. Component according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in the space (13) between the plate-shaped elements (1, 3) entering radiation has a spectrum (spectrum B), which is preferably absorbed by the flowing heat transfer medium. Component according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the plate-shaped elements and / or films are flat. Component according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the plate-shaped elements and / or films are curved, in particular curved, are. Component according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the plate-shaped elements and / or films are transparent, in particular clear, are. Component according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the space between the two plate-shaped elements and / or films is flowed through by a vaporous medium.