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WO2012016543A1 - 具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法及其装置 - Google Patents

具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法及其装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012016543A1
WO2012016543A1 PCT/CN2011/078046 CN2011078046W WO2012016543A1 WO 2012016543 A1 WO2012016543 A1 WO 2012016543A1 CN 2011078046 W CN2011078046 W CN 2011078046W WO 2012016543 A1 WO2012016543 A1 WO 2012016543A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
air
water
evaporative
air conditioning
cooling
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PCT/CN2011/078046
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
于向阳
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication of WO2012016543A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012016543A1/zh
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0046—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater using natural energy, e.g. solar energy, energy from the ground
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F24F1/0035—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by introduction of outside air to the room
    • F24F1/0038—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units characterised by introduction of outside air to the room in combination with simultaneous exhaustion of inside air
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B9/00—Screening or protective devices for wall or similar openings, with or without operating or securing mechanisms; Closures of similar construction
    • E06B9/24—Screens or other constructions affording protection against light, especially against sunshine; Similar screens for privacy or appearance; Slat blinds
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00—Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • F24F1/0007—Indoor units, e.g. fan coil units
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0035—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using evaporation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/27—Relating to heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC] technologies
    • Y02A30/272—Solar heating or cooling
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/20—Solar thermal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y02B30/54—Free-cooling systems

Definitions

  • Air conditioning method with passive cooling of internal air water circulation and device thereof
  • the invention relates to the technical field of HVAC, and is an air conditioning method and device with passive cooling of internal air water circulation, which is suitable for air conditioning of various living buildings, public buildings and industrial buildings, especially in dry and hot areas. Applications in all types of buildings.
  • the cooling load of the air-conditioning equipment in summer is mainly composed of the cold load of the air-conditioned room, the cold load and the fresh air load that need to be eliminated by the heat production of the unit itself. According to different regions, different meteorological conditions, different equipment conditions, and different envelope structures, the proportion of cold load occupied by the three parts is different, but the cold load formed by the heat of the air-conditioned room is the main weight part. Caused full attention.
  • the total cooling load of the room consists of the following parts: 1. The amount of heat dissipation from personnel and indoor electrical equipment; 2. The cold load formed by the solar radiation of the window; 3. The wall, roof, etc. through heat conduction and convection The formed cold load; 4. The cold load formed by the outdoor fresh air infiltration through the doors and windows.
  • the energy consumption of doors and windows is about 4 times that of the wall, 5 times of the roof, and 20 times of the ground, accounting for 40% to 50% of the total energy consumption of the building envelope. Therefore, enhancing the thermal insulation performance of doors and windows and reducing the energy consumption of doors and windows is an important part of improving the quality of indoor thermal environment and improving the energy-saving level of buildings.
  • the outer window has a significant influence on the air conditioning cooling load. Since the heat transfer coefficient of glass is much larger than that of non-transparent enclosures such as walls and roofs, the proportion of air-conditioning cooling load formed is much larger. According to statistics, the heat lost through the window accounts for 46% of the building energy consumption. The hot and cold load of the glass through the solar radiation accounts for about 20% to 30% of the air conditioning cooling load. Must be given full attention. According to the study, half of the cold load of global residential buildings and non-residential buildings is the heat load of solar radiation, and the solar radiation through the windows is the most important.
  • the window is the weak link of building energy conservation, the black hole of building energy consumption, and the main direction to control building energy consumption.
  • the solar radiation reaching the ground through the atmosphere includes direct radiation and scattered radiation, and the outer surface of the building envelope receives three scattered radiation from the air, namely sky-scattered radiation, ground-reflected radiation and atmospheric long-wave radiation.
  • Normally (incident angle ⁇ 60°) when sunlight is applied to the surface of ordinary glass, 7.3% of the energy is reflected and will not become The heat of the room; 79% directly into the room through the glass, all become the heat of the room; and 13.7% is absorbed by the glass, which increases the temperature of the glass.
  • shading facilities In order to effectively block solar radiation and reduce summer air conditioning load, the use of shading facilities is currently a common method. According to the location, it can be divided into external shading facilities, internal shading facilities, or between external shading facilities and internal shading facilities.
  • the way to install the louvers between two layers of glass is called a double-layer leather curtain wall.
  • the infra-radiation heat that enters the room through the glass window is the solar radiation that is directly into the room through the window glass (referred to as the transmission of the solar radiation) and the window glass absorbs the solar radiation, and then transmits the heat in the room in the opposite direction and the radiation method (abbreviated as absorption and heat release). ) These two parts are composed.
  • the internal shading device can reflect part of the solar radiation, but a part of the outward reflection will be reflected back by the glass, so that the reflection is weakened.
  • the inner sunshade only temporarily isolates the solar radiant heat from the inner sunshade, but the radiant heat is partially absorbed by the outdoor, most of which is absorbed by the sunshade and the glass, and then re-enters the room through radiation and convection, all of which become indoor heat. Did not fundamentally reduce the indoor air conditioning load;
  • the external shading facilities are better than the internal shading facilities. Because the external shading facilities are exposed to the harsh external environment all the year round, they have to withstand long-term sun and rain and variable wind loads, which are easily damaged and polluted in the external atmospheric environment. After reducing its ability to reflect the sun's rays, it is not easy to clean; affecting the shape of the building, not beautiful; some improper shading measures can not achieve effective insulation, but also bring more inconvenience to living.
  • the double-layered leather window wall combines the characteristics of the inner and outer sunshade.
  • the louver is arranged between the two layers of glass.
  • some disadvantages of the outer shading device are eliminated, the temperature of the louver heats up the glass interlayer due to the heat absorption. Part of the heat will be transmitted to the room to reduce its heat insulation capacity.
  • the technology is to adopt ventilation measures in the glass interlayer, and the heat of the glass layer is discharged to the outside through natural ventilation or mechanical ventilation, so that the sunshade can be insulated. The effect is closer to the external shading facility.
  • the main disadvantage is that the thickness of the air layer between the two layers of glass is usually small, resulting in limited air flow and limited cooling effect.
  • the laminated louvers still have the problem of air pollution, and the cleaning after pollution is even more difficult than the external shading facilities.
  • the overall production cost is high, and it is difficult to cooperate with the building.
  • the opening angle of the louver requires an electric adjustment mechanism, which increases the initial investment cost and the cost of maintenance.
  • the cold heat required by the HVAC system is generated by the heat source and the cold source, and the output of the cold or heat carrier is usually cold water or hot water. After the transmission and distribution system to the end of the air handler or system, the cooling capacity or Heat.
  • the wind system will ultimately transfer energy. Give the room to be adjusted to achieve the required room temperature and humidity parameters. Only the fan coil handles the indoor circulating wind, while the fresh air is the treated outdoor fresh air introduced by the air handler.
  • the fresh air required by the air conditioning system mainly has two purposes: one is to dilute the concentration of harmful gases in the room to meet the health requirements of the personnel, and the other is to supplement the indoor exhaust and maintain the indoor positive pressure.
  • one is to dilute the concentration of harmful gases in the room to meet the health requirements of the personnel
  • the other is to supplement the indoor exhaust and maintain the indoor positive pressure.
  • the fresh air to be drained is collected and exchanged with the incoming air of the new fan for energy recovery.
  • the pipeline is complicated, the investment is large, and the energy consumption is high.
  • the enclosure structure will achieve complete isolation between the interior and exterior of the building, whether it is natural lighting, air penetration or heat transfer. Thorough isolation between indoor and outdoor can effectively regulate the physical parameters of the indoors. Relatively speaking, the less energy consumption is required, the more energy-saving. However, starting from the improvement of the environment, we must first pursue natural lighting, natural ventilation, and even the heat transfer performance of the envelope structure. Some regions sometimes want the enclosure structure to become an "energy transmission channel" connecting indoors and outdoors. These two concepts will pursue completely different forms of architecture and form of enclosure.
  • windows are the weak link in building energy conservation, and the main factors causing the increase of indoor thermal and thermal load.
  • it has not been seen that it can meet the needs of indoor air conditioning and can greatly reduce energy consumption and cost. Low methods and reports of their devices.
  • the invention provides an air conditioning method and a device thereof with passive cooling of internal air water circulation, which overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and effectively solves the air conditioner caused by high heat of solar radiation due to a light-transmitting envelope structure such as a window.
  • the problem of high consumption is that it can effectively adjust the air state in the air-conditioned area and greatly reduce the load of the light-transmitting envelope structure such as windows, and the cost is low, and it is easy to cooperate with the building.
  • An air conditioning method with passive cooling of internal air water circulation which is carried out as follows: Air outside the air conditioning area is processed by an air handler and sent to an air conditioning area The exhaust air in the air-conditioned area passes through the evaporative cooling device in the air-conditioned area and is discharged into the air-conditioned area. The cold water sent from the cold water end of the evaporative cooling device passes through the water-absorbing device of the passive cooling integrated device and is returned by the evaporative cooling device.
  • the passive cooling integrated device comprises an inner sunshade device and a light transmissive enclosure structure, and the inner sunshade device itself or the light transmissive enclosure structure has a water absorption device; the air handler is located in the air conditioning region Or / and outside the air conditioning area, or the air handler is located at the top of the light transmissive enclosure or / and the bottom of the light transmissive enclosure or / and the side of the light transmissive enclosure, or the air handler is located
  • the position of the inner sunshade is made of light-transmitting or non-transparent material; the air-conditioned area is covered by light-transmitting The interior space of the structure and other enclosures.
  • the water absorption device has an open type wet curtain water film device of not less than one layer on the inner wall of the water-cooling cavity of the inner sunshade device, and the open wet curtain water film device comprises a nozzle and a water tank, and the evaporative refrigeration device
  • the cold water is sent to the nozzle through the water pump and the water pipe, and the water from the nozzle forms a wet curtain water film and falls into the water tank, and the water in the water tank flows back to the water inlet pipe of the evaporation refrigeration device.
  • the water absorption device has a closed water cooling device of not less than one layer on the inner wall of the water-cooling cavity of the inner sunshade device, and the cold water of the evaporation refrigeration device is sent to the water inlet pipe of the closed water cooling device through the water pump and the water pipe, and the closed type
  • the water of the water-cooling device absorbs heat and flows back to the water inlet pipe of the evaporating and cooling device through the outlet pipe.
  • the air treatment machine adopts an air treatment machine with an evaporative refrigeration device; the air outside the air-conditioning area passes through the air inlet pipe and enters the evaporative refrigeration device to be sent into the air-conditioning area, and the air in the air-conditioned area passes through the evaporative cooling device and evaporates and cools.
  • the cold water of the evaporative cooling device is sent to the water inlet pipe of the water-absorbing device through the water pump and the water pipe, and the water of the water-absorbing device absorbs heat and flows back to the evaporating and cooling device through the outlet pipe.
  • Inlet pipe Inlet pipe.
  • a water passive cooling integrated device which comprises an inner sunshade device and a light transmissive enclosure structure, and the inner sunshade device itself or the light transmissive enclosure structure has water Heat absorbing device;
  • the inner shading device is made of light-transmitting or non-transparent material.
  • the water absorption device is an open type wet curtain water film device of not less than one layer, and the open wet curtain water film device comprises a nozzle and a water tank, the nozzle is located at the top of the open wet curtain water film device, and the water tank is located at the nozzle The bottom of the open wet curtain water film device below.
  • the above water heat absorbing device is a closed water cooling device of not less than one layer.
  • the third technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the following measures: An evaporative refrigerating water passive cooling integrated device of the above water passive cooling integrated device, comprising an evaporative refrigerating device having an exhaust inlet and communicating with an air conditioning area The air outlet of the evaporative cooling device communicates with the outside of the air conditioning area.
  • the cold water outlet of the evaporative refrigerating device is connected with a water pump in series with the nozzle, and the discharge port of the water receiving tank communicates with the inlet pipe of the evaporating and cooling device.
  • a water pump is connected in series to the pipe connecting the cold water outlet of the evaporative refrigeration device to the inlet pipe of the closed water cooling device, and the outlet pipe of the closed water cooling device is connected to the inlet pipe of the evaporative refrigeration device.
  • the fourth technical solution of the present invention is achieved by the following measures:
  • One type of water passive cooling integrated device or the internal air water circulation passive cooling air conditioning device of the evaporative cooling water passive cooling integrated device which comprises an air handler, an air conditioning area
  • the air handler uses an air handler with an evaporative refrigeration device;
  • the outdoor air inlet of the evaporative refrigeration device communicates with the outside of the air conditioning area through the air inlet duct, and the indoor air inlet of the evaporative cooling device communicates with the air conditioning area, and the outdoor unit of the evaporative cooling device
  • the tuyere communicates with the outside of the air-conditioning area through the air outlet pipe, and the indoor cold air outlet of the evaporative cooling device communicates with the air-conditioning area;
  • the cold water outlet of the evaporative cooling device communicates with the cold water inlet of the water absorption device through the inlet pipe, and is connected to the water pipe
  • a water pump is connected in series, and the water inlet of the
  • the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe are integrated and can exchange heat.
  • the invention can be applied to various air conditioning systems, and can realize the combination of active cooling and passive cooling, and adopts active cooling to air-condition the air-conditioning area while passively absorbing the light transmission in a passive cooling manner.
  • the solar radiation of the enclosure structure is heated, thereby effectively reducing the load on the indoor air conditioner, reducing the air supply volume, reducing the outer dimensions of the unit, reducing the cross-sectional area of the air duct, facilitating cooperation with the building space, and lowering the cost.
  • it is applied in dry and hot areas, and its purpose is to apply high-efficiency gradient of dry air energy, effectively reducing the heat load of the light-transmitting envelope structure such as windows, and achieving more efficient step configuration of energy, specifically for the air conditioning system.
  • the recycling of air-cooling capacity effectively reduces the heat load of the light-transmitting envelope structure such as windows, and achieves a more efficient step configuration of energy. Unlike traditional air conditioning systems, it is a total system solution based on building energy heads.
  • the weakening of the building energy consumption of the window heating is greatly reduced, and the air and indoor exhaust air outside the air-conditioning area are realized by constructing a smooth passage of indoor and outdoor airflow heat exchange.
  • dry air energy evaporative refrigeration technology it has made a breakthrough in the application of residential buildings.
  • the combined effect of the present invention is -
  • the invention is applicable to the air conditioning of various living buildings, public buildings and industrial buildings, and the special passive cooling integrated device effectively reduces the air conditioning cooling load of the room in the summer, and can form the thermal air interlayer in the winter.
  • the effect of heat insulation is effective to reduce the heat load of the room.
  • the invention reduces the installed capacity of the HVAC system due to the reduction of the air conditioning load, including all the equipment and materials in the HVAC system, which not only can be more easily matched in the building, but also brings greater users. Economical, lower cost.
  • the invention constructs a channel for indoor and outdoor contact, effectively solves the problem of disorder of exhaust air in the air conditioning system, and makes the airflow indoors and outdoors more smooth.
  • the present invention provides a realistic basis for the large-scale application of evaporative refrigeration air conditioning technology in residential buildings and the like.
  • the invention expands the applicable area of the evaporative refrigeration air conditioner, not only in the dry heat region, but also in the hot and humid region.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the method and apparatus of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of Example 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic illustration of the method and apparatus of Example 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the method and apparatus of Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • the codes in the drawing are: 1 is the air outside the air conditioning area; 2 is the air supply of the air handler; 3 is the air supply port; 4 is the exhaust air in the air conditioning area; 5 is the exhaust duct; 6 is the air conditioning area 7 is the inner sunshade; 8 is the surface air heat exchanger; 9 is the blower; 10 is the direct evaporative refrigeration device; 11 is the water pump; 12 is the exhaust fan; 13 is the packing.
  • A is an air handler; B is an air conditioning area; C is a passive cooling integrated device.
  • a is an evaporative refrigeration unit.
  • the air-cooling air-cooling device of the internal air water circulation includes an air handler A, an air-conditioning area B, and a water passive cooling integrated device C; and the water passive cooling integrated device C is a passive evaporative cooling water.
  • Cooling integrated device, the evaporative cooling water passive cooling integrated device comprises an evaporative cooling device a, an inner shading device 7 and a light transmissive enclosing structure; the inner shading device is made of a light transmissive or non-transparent material.
  • the evaporative cooling device a has an exhaust air inlet and communicates with the air conditioning area B, and the air outlet of the evaporative cooling device a communicates with the outside of the air conditioning area B.
  • the inner shading device 7 has a water absorbing device on itself or the light transmissive enclosure. As shown in Fig. 1, the water absorbing device can be a closed water cooling device of not less than one layer.
  • a water pump is connected in series to the pipe connecting the cold water outlet of the evaporative cooling device a and the inlet pipe of the closed water cooling device, and the outlet pipe of the closed water cooling device is connected to the inlet pipe of the evaporative cooling device.
  • the evaporative cooling device a can be set in a configurable position in the room, and the output cold medium is high-temperature cold water, and high-temperature cold water is used to eliminate a large amount of sensible heat load near the window.
  • the air 1 outside the air-conditioning area B is processed by the air handler A and sent to the air-conditioned area B, and then the air supply 2 of the air handler is converted into a low-grade cold source of about 24 ° C to 26 ° C, and the air-conditioned area is
  • the exhaust air 4 is sucked by the evaporative cooling device a, and the air and the return water from the inner shading facility 7 are subjected to heat and moisture exchange in the evaporative cooling device a for discharging the cold water, and the high-temperature cold water is output and sent to the water-absorbing device of the shading facility 7
  • the inner shading device itself has a water absorbing device or/and a translucent retaining structure has a water absorbing device, and the water absorbing device can be a
  • the cold water returns to the evaporative cooling chiller after absorbing heat
  • the water circulation is formed.
  • the exhaust airflow in the evaporative refrigerating apparatus (a) that has passed the cold water is heated and increased, and then discharged to the air-conditioning area B along the exhaust duct 5 to become the exhaust air 6 outside the air-conditioning area.
  • Embodiment 2 differs from Embodiment 1 in that: the water heat absorbing device of Embodiment 2 is an open type wet curtain water film device of not less than one layer, Figure 2 shows a single-layer open wet curtain water film device comprising a spray head and a water tank, the spray head being located at the top of the open wet curtain water film device, and the water tank being open under the spray head The bottom of the wet curtain water film device.
  • the water heat absorbing device of Embodiment 2 is an open type wet curtain water film device of not less than one layer
  • Figure 2 shows a single-layer open wet curtain water film device comprising a spray head and a water tank, the spray head being located at the top of the open wet curtain water film device, and the water tank being open under the spray head The bottom of the wet curtain water film device.
  • the cold water of the evaporative cooling device a is sent to the nozzle through the water pump and the water pipe, and the water from the nozzle forms a wet curtain water film and falls into the water tank, and the water in the water tank flows back to the water inlet pipe of the evaporating and cooling device a.
  • Embodiment 3 As shown in Figures 2 and 3, Embodiment 3 differs from Embodiment 2 in that, as shown in Figure 3, Embodiment 3 is a two-layer open wet curtain water film device.
  • Embodiment 4 differs from Embodiments 1 to 3 in that: Embodiment 4
  • the water absorption device of the evaporative cooling water passive cooling integrated device is not less than one layer.
  • the closed water cooling device as shown in Fig. 3, is a single-layer closed water cooling device.
  • the cold water outlet of the evaporative refrigeration device and the inlet pipe of the closed water cooling device are connected in series with a water pump, and the closed water cooling device is discharged.
  • the water pipe is connected to the inlet pipe of the evaporative cooling device.
  • Embodiment 5 As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, Embodiment 5 differs from Embodiment 4 in that: as shown in FIG. 5, Embodiment 5 is a multi-layer closed water cooling device, and cold water first enters close to On the indoor side, after heating up, it enters the side close to the window in turn, which is in line with the principle of using the cooling capacity step by step, thereby facilitating the exchange of heat.
  • Embodiment 6 As shown in FIGS. 1 and 6, Embodiment 6 differs from Embodiments 1 to 5 in that: Embodiment 4 includes an air handler, an air conditioning area B, a passive cooling integrated device C, and an air handler A.
  • An air handler having an evaporative refrigerating device a is adopted; an outdoor air inlet of the evaporative refrigerating device a communicates with the outside of the air conditioning region B through an air inlet duct, and an indoor air inlet of the evaporative cooling device a communicates with the air conditioning region B, and the air inlet duct and the outlet duct
  • the air duct is integrated and can exchange heat, and the indoor cold air outlet of the evaporative cooling device a communicates with the air conditioning area B; the cold water outlet of the evaporative cooling device a and the cold water inlet of the water absorption device are connected through the inlet pipe, and A water pump is connected in series to the inlet pipe, and the water inlet of the evaporative cooling device a and the water outlet of the water absorption device are connected through the outlet pipe; wherein the air handler is located in the air conditioning area or/and outside the air conditioning area, or the air handler Located at the top of the light-transmitting envelope or/
  • Embodiment 6 An air conditioning method with passive cooling of internal air water circulation is performed as follows:
  • the air treatment machine adopts an air treatment machine with an evaporative refrigeration device; air outside the air conditioning area passes through the air inlet pipe and enters the evaporative refrigeration device to be sent to the air conditioner.
  • the exhaust air in the air-conditioned area passes through the evaporative cooling device and exchanges heat with the air inlet pipe of the evaporative cooling device, and is then discharged into the air-conditioning area; the cold water of the evaporating and cooling device is sent to the water inlet pipe of the water-absorbing device through the water pump and the water pipe.
  • the water of the water absorption device absorbs heat and flows back to the inlet pipe of the evaporative cooling device through the outlet pipe.
  • the key to the embodiment 6 is to set up an evaporative cooling device that simultaneously outputs cold air and cold water in the room, and the intake air and the exhaust air share one pipeline, and the pipelines are separated by a partition.
  • the air supply eliminates the indoor heat and humidity load, and at the same time, the passive cooling integrated device passes through the high temperature cold water to eliminate a large amount of sensible heat load near the window.
  • the air 1 outside the air-conditioning area B is processed by the surface air heat exchanger 8 in the evaporative cooling device a of the cold water, and then sent to the air-conditioned room by the blower 9 through the direct evaporative cooling device 10, and the fresh air is converted into 24° after being sent into the room.
  • the air supply 2 of the air handler eliminates the residual heat and moisture in the air-conditioned area B, and the indoor exhaust air 4 in the air-conditioned area B enters the evaporative refrigeration unit &, in the filler
  • the heat and mass exchange occurs, and the cold water is output.
  • the cold water is first transported by the water pump 11 through the water pipe to the surface air heat exchanger 8 and then to the inner sunshade device 7, while eliminating a large amount of sensible heat load near the window.
  • the cold water first enters the surface air heat exchanger 8 provided inside the evaporative cooling device a to process the incoming fresh air.
  • the surface air heat exchanger 8 After the water in the surface air heat exchanger 8 is warmed up, there is still a cold amount relative to the temperature of the window, so the surface is The water outlet of the air heat exchanger 8 is input into the open wet water film device or the closed water cooling device in the passive cooling integrated device C, which eliminates the heat gain of the window, and finally returns the water back to the discharge of the unit packing. Water circulation. After absorbing the heat of the C and the surface air heat exchanger 8, the indoor exhaust air 4 is discharged from the air exhausting device 12 above the evaporative cooling device to the outside of the air conditioning area through the exhaust duct 5, and becomes outside the air conditioning area outside the air conditioning area B. Exhaust air 6.

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Abstract

一种具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法及其装置，该方法按下述方法进行：空调区域外的空气经过空气处理机处理后被送入空调区域内,而空调区域内的排风经过空调区域内的蒸发制冷装置后被排出空调区域，蒸发制冷装置的冷水端送出的冷水经过被动式冷却集成装置的水吸热装置后由蒸发制冷装置的回水端回到蒸发制冷装置。本发明可以应用在各类空调系统中，以主动冷却的方式对空调区域进行空气调节的同时，又以被动冷却的方式大幅吸收透光性围护结构的太阳辐射得热量，从而有效减低了室内空调的负荷，使得送风量减低，机组外形尺寸减小，风管截面积减小，易于和建筑空间配合，成本较低。特别的是其在干空气能蒸发制冷空调系统中的应用。特别是适用于各类居住、公共建筑等房间的空气调节。

Description

具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法及其装置 技术领域
本发明涉及暖通空调技术领域， 是一种具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法及其 装置， 适用于各类居住建筑、 公共建筑及工业建筑等房间的空气调节， 特别是其在干热地 区各类建筑中的应用。
背景技术
中国 2005年颁布实施的《公共建筑节能设计标准》 中指出： 中国建筑用能已经超过 全国能源消费总量的 1/4，并将随着人民生活水平的提高逐步增加到 1/3以上，而在建筑用 能中， 暖通空调的能耗又占到了 27.4%左右， 因此大力倡导暖通空调节能， 对于建设资源 节约型、 环境友好型的低碳型社会有着至关重要的作用。
空调设备夏季承担的冷负荷主要由空调房间的冷负荷、机组本身产热需要消除的冷负 荷及新风负荷三部分构成。 按照不同的地区， 不同的气象条件， 不同的设备条件， 及围护 结构的不同， 三部分所占的冷负荷比例有所不同， 但空调房间的得热形成的冷负荷为主要 权重部分， 必须引起充分的重视。 而房间的总冷负荷由以下部分构成： 1、 人员、 室内电 器设备的散热散湿量； 2、 窗户的太阳辐射得热形成的冷负荷； 3、 围护墙体、 屋面等通过 导热、 对流形成的冷负荷； 4、 室外新风通过门窗渗透形成的冷负荷。
(一） 窗户及遮阳方式的节能性分析
根据相关资料， 在建筑围护结构中， 门窗的能耗约为墙体的 4倍、 屋面的 5倍、 地面 的 20多倍， 约占建筑围护结构总能耗的 40%至 50%。 因此， 增强门窗的保温隔热性能， 减少门窗能耗， 是改善室内热环境质量和提高建筑节能水平的重要环节。
对于建筑室内环境来说，太阳辐射热是十分重要的的外扰， 在围护结构中， 外窗对空 调冷负荷有明显的影响。 由于玻璃的传热系数远大于墙体和屋顶等非透明围护结构， 其形 成的空调冷负荷所占比例要大得多，据统计，通过窗流失的热量占建筑能耗的 46%，透过 玻璃的日射得热冷负荷约占空调冷负荷的 20%至 30%。 必须引起充分的重视。 另据有关 研究， 全球居住建筑以及非居住建筑冷负荷的一半为太阳辐射得热负荷， 其中通过窗户的 太阳辐射得热又占绝大部分。
因此， 窗是建筑节能的薄弱环节， 是建筑能耗的黑洞， 是控制建筑能耗的主要方向。 透过大气层到达地面的太阳辐射中包括直射辐射和散射辐射， 而建筑围护结构外表面 从空中所接受的散射辐射包括三项， 即天空散射辐射， 地面反射辐射和大气长波辐射。 通 常情况下（入射角<60° )太阳光照射到普通玻璃表面后， 7.3%的能量被反射， 不会成为 房间的得热； 79%直接透过玻璃直接进入室内， 全部成为房间的热量； 还有 13.7%则被玻 璃吸收， 而使玻璃温度提高。被吸收的这部分能量中， 4.9%又将以长波热辐射和对流的方 式传至室内， 而余下的 8.8%同样以长波热辐射和对流的方式散至室外， 不会成为房间的 得热。 因此玻璃的反射率越高， 透过率和吸收率越低， 太阳得热量就越少。
为了有效遮挡太阳辐射， 减少夏季空调负荷， 采用遮阳设施是目前常用的手段， 按照 设置位置的不同， 可分为外遮阳设施、 内遮阳设施， 或者是介于外遮阳设施、 内遮阳设施 之间的， 将百叶安装在两层玻璃之间的方式， 称之为双层皮幕墙。
透过玻璃窗进入室内的日射得热系由透过窗玻璃直接进人室内的日射 (简称透射日射) 和窗玻璃吸收日射后以对统和辐射方式再传人室内的热量 (简称吸收再放热)这两部分组 成。
内遮阳设施可以反射掉部分太阳辐射， 但向外反射的一部分又会被玻璃反射回来， 使 得反射作用减弱。 内遮阳只是暂时将太阳辐射热隔绝在内遮阳以外， 但这些辐射热量除部 分被反射的室外， 大部分被遮阳帘和玻璃吸收后通过辐射、 对流等方式重新进入室内， 全 部成为室内得热， 并没有从根本上降低室内的空调负荷；
外遮阳设施的作用要好于内遮阳设施，伹外遮阳设施由于外遮阳常年暴露在恶劣的外 界环境中， 要承受长期日晒雨淋和变化无常的风荷载， 容易损坏， 在外界大气环境中污染 后降低其反射太阳光线的能力， 不易清洗； 影响建筑的造型， 不美观； 一些不当的遮阳措 施既达不到有效的隔热， 还会给居住生活带来更多的不便。
双层皮窗户幕墙结合内、 外遮阳的特点， 采用将百叶设置在两层玻璃之间， 尽管消除 了外遮阳设施的部分缺点， 但由于百叶吸热后升温会加热玻璃间层的空气， 其中部分热量 会向室内传导而降低了其隔热能力， 目前有技术是在玻璃间层采取通风措施， 通过自然通 风或机械通风把玻璃间层的热量排到室外，这样就可以使得其遮阳隔热作用更接近于外遮 阳设施。 其存在的缺点主要在于两层玻璃间空气层厚度通常较小， 导致空气流量有限， 降 温效果有限。其次是夹层百叶仍然存在被来流空气污染的问题， 且污染后的清洁甚至比外 遮阳设施更为困难。 另外其次整体制作成本较高， 与建筑的配合存在困难， 随着使用时间 的不同， 太阳髙度角的不同， 百叶的开启角度需要电动调节机构， 增加其初投资成本和维 护保养的成本。
(二） 暖通空调系统的节能性分析
暖通空调系统所需的冷热量由热源和冷源产生后、输出的载冷或载热工质通常为冷水 或热水， 经输配系统到空气处理机或系统末端， 释放冷量或热量。
对于建筑工程中使用最多的风机盘管 +新风空调系统， 最终都是由风系统将能量传递 给被调节的房间， 以达到所要求的室内温、湿度参数。只是风机盘管处理的是室内循环风, 而新风是由空气处理机引入的经过处理后的室外新风。
空调系统需要的新风主要有两个用途： 一是稀释室内有害气体的浓度， 满足人员的卫 生要求， 二是补充室内排风和保持室内正压的要求。 近年来， 随着人们生活水平的提高， 在传统空调封闭房间中出现的病态建筑综合症事件的屡屡出现， 造成了严重的后果， 使得 人们对室内空气品质和对自身健康的空前关注，导致各国标准和规范中空调新风量有增加 的趋势。
这样就产生了一些问题， 首先新风量的增加无疑会增加建筑能耗， 因为室外空气的温 度要高于室内循环风。其次是房间风量的平衡，即便新风量没有增加，一定量的新风送入, 从房间风量平衡来讲， 必须有相同数量的排风排出， 否则新风是无法正常送入房间的。 因 此对某些使用功能上要求空调系统必须要有新风的， 或干空气能蒸发制冷的新风空气系 统， 如何排走进入到空调区域的新风呢？
通常有以下几种情况：
1、 无利用排走。 如果新风量小， 可以采用自然正压的方法， 从门窗的缝隙排出。
2、 把要排走的新风收集起来与新风机的进风进行热交换进行能量回收， 伹管路复杂、 投资大、 能耗高。
以上两种常规的新风在送风空调房间后的排出方式， 第一种方式， 对新风的能量没有 回收利用， 存在低品位能量浪费的情况， 第二种方式， 由于需要额外增加换热设备， 存在 投资和建筑空间配合等诸多问题。
因此， 从控制稳定的室内空气环境， 对建筑形式和围护结构来说， 全面掌控一定要求 围护结构对建筑实现室内外的全面隔绝， 无论是自然采光、 空气渗透还是热传递。 室内外 的彻底隔绝才可以对室内各物理参数进行有效的调控， 相对来说， 所需要的能源消耗也就 越少， 越节能。 然而从环境的改善出发， 首先要追求自然采光、 自然通风、 甚至对围护结 构的传热性能来说， 有些地域从气候特点出发有时也希望围护结构成为连接室内外的 "能 量传输通道"， 这样的两种理念就会追求完全不同的建筑形式和围护结构形式。
综上所述，窗户是建筑节能的薄弱环节，造成的室内冷热负荷增大的主要因素，但是， 一直以来还未见到既能满足室内空气调节的需要又能大幅度减少能耗且成本低的方法及 其装置的报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法及其装置，其克服了现有 技术之不足，有效解决了由于窗户等透光性围护结构因太阳辐射得热量高而造成的空调能 耗高的问题，其既能有效调节空调区域内的空气状态又能大幅度减少窗户等透光性围护结 构的负荷且成本较低， 易与建筑物配合。
本发明的技术方案之一是通过以下措施来实现的： 一种具有内空气水循环被动式冷却 的空调方法， 其按下述方法进行： 空调区域外的空气经过空气处理机处理后被送入空调区 域内,而空调区域内的排风经过空调区域内的蒸发制冷装置后被排出空调区域，蒸发制冷装 置的冷水端送出的冷水经过被动式冷却集成装置的水吸热装置后由蒸发制冷装置的回水 端回到蒸发制冷装置； 其中， 被动式冷却集成装置包括内遮阳设施和透光性围护结构， 内 遮阳设施自身或透光性围护结构上有水吸热装置；空气处理机位于空调区域内或 /和空调区 域外， 或者空气处理机位于透光性围护结构的顶部或 /和透光性围护结构的底部或 /和透光 性围护结构的侧面， 或者空气处理机位于能够放置的位置； 内遮阳设施釆用透光或非透光 的材料制成； 空调区域是由透光性围护结构与其它围护结构所构成的室内空间。
下面是对上述技术方案之一的进一步优化或 /和选择：
上述水吸热装置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜 装置， 该开式湿帘水膜装置包括喷头和接水槽， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给 喷头， 从喷头出来的水形成湿帘水膜并落入接水槽内， 接水槽内的水流回蒸发制冷装置的 进水管。
上述水吸热装置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的闭式水冷装置， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给闭式水冷装置的进水管， 闭式水冷装置的水吸热 后经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
上述空气处理机采用具有蒸发制冷装置的空气处理机； 空调区域外的空气经过进风管 进入蒸发制冷装置处理后被送入空调区域内， 空调区域内的排风经过蒸发制冷装置并与蒸 发制冷装置的进风管进行热量交换后后被排出空调区域；蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和 水管送给水吸热装置的进水管，水吸热装置的水吸热后经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进 水管。
本发明的技术方案之二是通过以下措施来实现的： 一种水被动式冷却集成装置， 其包 括内遮阳设施和透光性围护结构， 内遮阳设施自身或透光性围护结构上有水吸热装置； 内 遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制成。
下面是对上述技术方案之二的进一步优化或 /和选择：
上述水吸热装置为不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜装置，该开式湿帘水膜装置包括喷头和接水 槽，喷头位于开式湿帘水膜装置的顶部，接水槽位于喷头下方的开式湿帘水膜装置的底部。
上述水吸热装置为不少于一层的闭式水冷装置。 本发明的技术方案之三是通过以下措施来实现的： 一种上述水被动式冷却集成装置的 蒸发制冷水被动式冷却集成装置， 其包括蒸发制冷装置， 蒸发制冷装置有排风进口并与空 调区域相通， 蒸发制冷装置的出风口与空调区域外相通。
下面是对上述技术方案之三的进一步优化或 /和选择：
上述蒸发制冷装置的冷水出口与喷头相通的管道上串接有水泵，接水槽的排出口与蒸 发制冷装置的进水管相通。
上述蒸发制冷装置的冷水出口与闭式水冷装置的进水管相通的管道上串接有水泵， 闭 式水冷装置的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相通。
本发明的技术方案之四是通过以下措施来实现的： 一种上述的水被动式冷却集成装置 或蒸发制冷水被动式冷却集成装置的内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调装置，其包括空气处 理机、 空调区域， 空气处理机采用具有蒸发制冷装置的空气处理机； 蒸发制冷装置的室外 进风口通过进风管与空调区域外相通，蒸发制冷装置的室内进风口与空调区域内相通， 蒸 发制冷装置的室外出风口通过出风管与空调区域外相通，蒸发制冷装置的室内冷风出风口 与空调区域内相通；蒸发制冷装置的冷水出水口与水吸热装置的冷水进水口通过进水管连 通， 并在进水管上串接有水泵， 蒸发制冷装置的回水进水口与水吸热装置的出水口通过出 水管连通；其中， 空气处理机位于空调区域内或 /和空调区域外， 或者空气处理机位于透光 性围护结构的顶部或 /和透光性围护结构的底部或 /和透光性围护结构的侧面， 或者空气处 理机位于能够放置的位置； 空调区域是由透光性围护结构与其它围护结构所构成的室内空 间。
下面是对上述技术方案之四的进一步优化或 /和选择：
上述进风管与出风管构成一体并能进行热量交换。
本发明可以应用在各类空调系统中， 可以实现主动式冷却和被动式冷却的合二为一， 以主动冷却的方式对空调区域进行空气调节的同时，又以被动冷却的方式大幅吸收透光性 围护结构的太阳辐射得热量， 从而有效减低了室内空调的负荷， 使得送风量减低， 机组外 形尺寸减小， 风管截面积减小， 易于和建筑空间配合， 成本较低。 特别的是其在干热地区 应用，其目的在于干空气能的高效梯度应用， 有效降低窗户等透光性围护结构的得热负荷， 实现能量更有效的梯级配置， 具体是对空调系统排风冷量的回收利用， 有效降低窗户等透 光性围护结构的得热负荷， 实现能量更有效的梯级配置。 与传统空调系统不同的是， 为基 于建筑节能源头的系统整体解决方案。在通过本发明具有被动式冷却的空调方法及其装置 大幅降低窗户得热这一建筑能耗的薄弱环节， 由于构建了室内外气流热交换的顺畅通道， 实现了空调区域外的空气和室内排风气流交换的建筑呼吸系统， 室内空气品质好。特别地 在干空气能蒸发制冷技术应用领域， 使得其在家庭居住建筑的应用实现了突破性的进展。 本发明的综合效果为-
1.本发明适用于各类居住建筑、 公共建筑及工业建筑等房间的空气调节， 其特有的被 动式冷却集成装置在夏季有效的降低了房间的空调冷负荷，在冬季又可以形成保温空气夹 层起到隔热的作用从而有效的降低房间的热负荷。
2.本发明由于空调负荷的降低使得暖通空调系统装机容量减小， 其中包括暖通空调系 统中的所有设备和用材， 不仅可以在建筑上更容易配合， 而且也为用户带来了更大的经济 性， 成本较低。
3.本发明构建了室内外联系的通道， 有效的解决了空调系统中的排风无序的问题， 使 得室内外的气流更加顺畅。
4.本发明使得蒸发制冷空调技术在住宅建筑等民用建筑的大规模应用有了现实的基 础。
5.本发明拓展了蒸发制冷空调适用的区域， 不仅仅在干热地区使用， 更可以在湿热地 区得到很好的应用。
附图说明
附图 1为本发明的实施例 1的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 2为本发明的实施例 2的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 3为本发明的实施例 3的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 4为本发明的实施例 4的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 5为本发明的实施例 5的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图 6为本发明的实施例 6的方法及其装置的示意图。
附图中的编码分别为： 1为空调区域外的空气； 2为空气处理机的送风； 3为送风口； 4为空调区域内的排风； 5为排风管道； 6为空调区域外的排风； 7为内遮阳设施； 8为表 面式空气换热器； 9为送风机； 10为直接蒸发制冷装置； 11为水泵； 12为排风机； 13为 填料。 A为空气处理机； B为空调区域； C为被动式冷却集成装置。 a为蒸发制冷装置。
具体实施方式
本发明不受下述实施例的限制， 可根据上述本发明的技术方案和实际情况来确定具体 的实施方式。
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步论述：
实施例 1 :如附图 1所示，该内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调装置包括空气处理机 A、 空调区域 B和水被动式冷却集成装置 C; 而水被动式冷却集成装置 C为蒸发制冷水被动 式冷却集成装置， 该蒸发制冷水被动式冷却集成装置包括蒸发制冷装置 a、 内遮阳设施 7 和透光性围护结构； 内遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制成。 蒸发制冷装置 a有排风进 口并与空调区域 B相通， 蒸发制冷装置 a的出风口与空调区域 B外相通。 内遮阳设施 7 自身或透光性围护结构上有水吸热装置。 如附图 1所示， 水吸热装置可为不少于一层的闭 式水冷装置。蒸发制冷装置 a的冷水出口与闭式水冷装置的进水管相通的管道上串接有水 泵， 闭式水冷装置的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相通。
根据实际需要， 蒸发制冷装置 a可设置在房间内的可设置的位置， 其输出的载冷介质 为高温冷水，通过高温冷水来消除窗户附近大量的显热得热负荷。空调区域 B外的空气 1 经空气处理机 A处理后送入空调区域 B内后由空气处理机的送风 2转变成 24°C至 26°C左 右的低品位冷源， 而空调区域内的排风 4被蒸发制冷装置 a吸入， 在出冷水的蒸发制冷装 置 a中空气和来自内遮阳设施 7中的回水发生热湿交换， 输出高温冷水， 送入遮阳设施 7 中水吸热装置 (内遮阳设施自身有水吸热装置或 /和透光性围护结构上有水吸热装置，该水 吸热装置可为不少于一层的闭式水冷装置（可以是内、 外单层或双层结构或多层结构的）， 按照冷量梯级利用的原则， 依次吸收窗户中的太阳辐射大量的得热， 从而降低房间的空调 负荷。 冷水在吸收热量升温后回到蒸发制冷冷水机， 形成水循环。 出冷水的蒸发制冷装置 a中的排风气流在增焓升温后， 沿着排风管路 5排出空调区域 B， 成为空调区域外的排风 6。
实施例 2: 如附图 1和 2所示， 实施例 2与实施例 1的不同之处在于： 实施例 2的水 吸热装置为不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜装置， 附图 2所示为单层的开式湿帘水膜装置， 该 开式湿帘水膜装置包括喷头和接水槽， 喷头位于开式湿帘水膜装置的顶部， 接水槽位于喷 头下方的开式湿帘水膜装置的底部。 蒸发制冷装置 a的冷水经过水泵和水管送给喷头， 从 喷头出来的水形成湿帘水膜并落入接水槽内，接水槽内的水流回蒸发制冷装置 a的进水管。
实施例 3: 如附图 2和 3所示， 实施例 3与实施例 2的不同之处在于： 如附图 3所示， 实施例 3的为双层的开式湿帘水膜装置。
实施例 4: 如附图 1和 4所示， 实施例 4与实施例 1至 3的不同之处在于： 实施例 4 蒸发制冷水被动式冷却集成装置的水吸热装置为不少于一层的闭式水冷装置，如附图 3所 示的为单层的闭式水冷装置，蒸发制冷装置的冷水出口与闭式水冷装置的进水管相通的管 道上串接有水泵， 闭式水冷装置的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相通。
实施例 5: 如附图 4和 5所示， 实施例 5与实施例 4的不同之处在于： 如附图 5所示， 实施例 5的为多层的闭式水冷装置， 冷水首先进入靠近室内一侧， 升温后依次进入靠近窗 户一侧， 这样符合冷量逐级利用的原则， 从而有利于热量的交换。 实施例 6: 如附图 1和 6所示， 实施例 6与实施例 1至 5的不同之处在于： 实施例 4 包括空气处理机 、空调区域 B、被动式冷却集成装置 C，空气处理机 A采用具有蒸发制 冷装置 a的空气处理机;蒸发制冷装置 a的室外进风口通过进风管与空调区域 B外相通，蒸 发制冷装置 a的室内进风口与空调区域 B内相通，进风管与出风管构成一体并能进行热量 交换，蒸发制冷装置 a的室内冷风出风口与空调区域 B内相通； 蒸发制冷装置 a的冷水出 水口与水吸热装置的冷水进水口通过进水管连通， 并在进水管上串接有水泵， 蒸发制冷装 置 a的回水进水口与水吸热装置的出水口通过出水管连通； 其中， 空气处理机位于空调区 域内或 /和空调区域外， 或者空气处理机位于透光性围护结构的顶部或 /和透光性围护结构 的底部或 /和透光性围护结构的侧面，或者空气处理机位于能够放置的位置；空调区域是由 透光性围护结构与其它围护结构所构成的室内空间。
实施例 6具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法按下述方法进行： 空气处理机采用 具有蒸发制冷装置的空气处理机；空调区域外的空气经过进风管进入蒸发制冷装置处理后 被送入空调区域内，空调区域内的排风经过蒸发制冷装置并与蒸发制冷装置的进风管进行 热量交换后后被排出空调区域；蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给水吸热装置的进 水管， 水吸热装置的水吸热后经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
实施例 6的关键在于在室内设置同时输出冷风和冷水的蒸发制冷装置，并且进风与排 风共用一个管路， 管路之间加装隔板分隔。送风消除室内热湿负荷， 与此同时在被动式冷 却集成装置通入高温冷水来消除窗户附近大量的显热得热负荷。空调区域 B外的空气 1经 过出冷水的蒸发制冷装置 a中的表面式空气换热器 8处理后由送风机 9过直接蒸发制冷装 置 10送入空调房间， 新风在送入室内后转变成 24°C至 26'C左右的低品位冷源， 空气处理 机的送风 2在消除了空调区域 B内的余热余湿后， 空调区域 B内的室内排风 4进入蒸发 制冷装置&， 在填料中发生热质交换，输出冷水， 冷水由水泵 11通过水管先输送到表面式 空气换热器 8再输送到内遮阳设施 7， 同时消除窗户附近大量的显热负荷。 冷水首先进入 蒸发制冷装置 a内部设置的表面式空气换热器 8， 处理进入的新风， 表面式空气换热器 8 中的出水升温后， 相对于窗户的温度， 仍然存在冷量， 因此将表面式空气换热器 8的出水 输入被动式冷却集成装置 C中的开式湿帘水膜装置或闭式水冷装置， 消除窗户的得热量， 最终升温后的回水回到机组填料的喷排处形成水循环。室内排风 4在吸收 C中和表面式空 气换热器 8的热量后， 由蒸发制冷装置上方的排风装置 12通过排风管道 5排出到空调区 域外， 成为空调区域 B外的空调区域外的排风 6。
以上技术特征构成了本发明的实施例， 其具有较强的适应性和实施效果， 可根据实际 需要增减非必要的技术特征， 来满足不同情况的需求。

Claims

1.一种具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法，其特征在于按下述方法进行：空调区域 外的空气经过空气处理机处理后被送入空调区域内，而空调区域内的排风经过空调区域内 的蒸发制冷装置后被排出空调区域，蒸发制冷装置的冷水端送出的冷水经过被动式冷却集 成装置的水吸热装置后由蒸发制冷装置的回水端回到蒸发制冷装置； 其中， 被动式冷却集 成装置包括内遮阳设施和透光性围护结构， 内遮阳设施自身或透光性围护结构上有水吸热 装置；空气处理机位于空调区域内或 /和空调区域外，或者空气处理机位于透光性围护结构 的顶部或 /和透光性围护结构的底部或 /和透光性围护结构的侧面， 或者空气处理机位于能 够放置的位置； 内遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制成； 空调区域是由透光性围护结构 与其它围护结构所构成的室内空间。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法,其特征在于水吸热装 置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的开式湿帘水膜装置，该开式湿帘水 膜装置包括喷头和接水槽， 蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给喷头， 从喷头出来的 水形成湿帘水膜并落入接水槽内， 接水槽内的水流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法,其特征在于水吸热装 置为在内遮阳设施的水冷空腔的内壁上有不少于一层的闭式水冷装置，蒸发制冷装置的冷 水经过水泵和水管送给闭式水冷装置的进水管， 闭式水冷装置的水吸热后经过出水管流回 蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
4.根据权利要求 1或 2或 3所述的具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法，其特征在于 空气处理机采用具有蒸发制冷装置的空气处理机； 空调区域外的空气经过进风管进入蒸发 制冷装置处理后被送入空调区域内， 空调区域内的排风经过蒸发制冷装置并与蒸发制冷装 置的进风管进行热量交换后后被排出空调区域；蒸发制冷装置的冷水经过水泵和水管送给 水吸热装置的进水管， 水吸热装置的水吸热后经过出水管流回蒸发制冷装置的进水管。
5.一种水被动式冷却集成装置，其特征在于包括内遮阳设施和透光性围护结构， 内遮阳设 施自身或透光性围护结构上有水吸热装置； 内遮阳设施采用透光或非透光的材料制成。
6.根据权利要求 5所述的水被动式冷却集成装置，其特征在于水吸热装置为不少于一层的 开式湿帘水膜装置， 该开式湿帘水膜装置包括喷头和接水槽， 喷头位于开式湿帘水膜装置 的顶部， 接水槽位于喷头下方的开式湿帘水膜装置的底部。
7.根据权利要求 5所述的水被动式冷却集成装置，其特征在于水吸热装置为不少于一层的 闭式水冷装置。
8.一种利用权利要求 5或 6或 7所述的水被动式冷却集成装置的蒸发制冷水被动式冷却集 成装置， 其特征在于包括蒸发制冷装置， 蒸发制冷装置有排风进口并与空调区域相通， 蒸 发制冷装置的出风口与空调区域外相通。
9.根据权利要求 8所述的水被动式冷却集成装置的蒸发制冷水被动式冷却集成装置，其特 征在于蒸发制冷装置的冷水出口与喷头相通的管道上串接有水泵，接水槽的排出口与蒸发 制冷装置的进水管相通。
10.根据权利要求 8所述的水被动式冷却集成装置的蒸发制冷水被动式冷却集成装置， 其 特征在于蒸发制冷装置的冷水出口与闭式水冷装置的进水管相通的管道上串接有水泵， 闭 式水冷装置的出水管与蒸发制冷装置的进水管相通。
11.一种利用权利要求 5至 Ί中任一权利要求所述的水被动式冷却集成装置的内空气水循 环被动式冷却的空调装置， 其特征在于包括空气处理机、 空调区域， 空气处理机采用具有 蒸发制冷装置的空气处理机； 蒸发制冷装置的室外进风口通过进风管与空调区域外相通， 蒸发制冷装置的室内进风口与空调区域内相通，蒸发制冷装置的室外出风口通过出风管与 空调区域外相通,蒸发制冷装置的室内冷风出风口与空调区域内相通；蒸发制冷装置的冷水 出水口与水吸热装置的冷水进水口通过进水管连通， 并在进水管上串接有水泵， 蒸发制冷 装置的回水进水口与水吸热装置的出水口通过出水管连通； 其中， 空气处理机位于空调区 域内或 /和空调区域外， 或者空气处理机位于透光性围护结构的顶部或 /和透光性围护结构 的底部或 /和透光性围护结构的侧面，或者空气处理机位于能够放置的位置；空调区域是由 透光性围护结构与其它围护结构所构成的室内空间。
12.一种利用权利要求 8至 10中任一权利要求所述的蒸发制冷水被动式冷却集成装置的内 空气水循环被动式冷却的空调装置， 其特征在于包括空气处理机、 空调区域， 空气处理机 采用具有蒸发制冷装置的空气处理机；蒸发制冷装置的室外进风口通过进风管与空调区域 外相通，蒸发制冷装置的室内进风口与空调区域内相通，蒸发制冷装置的室外出风口通过 出风管与空调区域外相通， 蒸发制冷装置的室内冷风出风口与空调区域内相通； 蒸发制冷 装置的冷水出水口与水吸热装置的冷水进水口通过进水管连通， 并在进水管上串接有水 泵， 蒸发制冷装置的回水进水口与水吸热装置的出水口通过出水管连通； 其中， 空气处理 机位于空调区域内或 /和空调区域外， 或者空气处理机位于透光性围护结构的顶部或 /和透 光性围护结构的底部或 /和透光性围护结构的侧面， 或者空气处理机位于能够放置的位置; 空调区域是由透光性围护结构与其它围护结构所构成的室内空间。
13.根据权利要求 11所述的内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调装置，其特征在于进风管与出 风管构成一体并能进行热量交换。
14.根据权利要求 12所述的内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调装置，其特征在于进风管与出 风管构成一体并能进行热量交换。
PCT/CN2011/078046 2010-08-06 2011-08-05 具有内空气水循环被动式冷却的空调方法及其装置 Ceased WO2012016543A1 (zh)

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