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WO2012013940A3 - Catalysts for hydrogen generation and fuel cells - Google Patents

Catalysts for hydrogen generation and fuel cells Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012013940A3
WO2012013940A3 PCT/GB2011/001156 GB2011001156W WO2012013940A3 WO 2012013940 A3 WO2012013940 A3 WO 2012013940A3 GB 2011001156 W GB2011001156 W GB 2011001156W WO 2012013940 A3 WO2012013940 A3 WO 2012013940A3
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
metal
compound
formula
catalyst
electro
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/GB2011/001156
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French (fr)
Other versions
WO2012013940A2 (en
Inventor
Shik Chi Edman Tsang
Karaked Tedsree
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Oxford University Innovation Ltd
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Oxford University Innovation Ltd
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Publication of WO2012013940A2 publication Critical patent/WO2012013940A2/en
Publication of WO2012013940A3 publication Critical patent/WO2012013940A3/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/0612—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants from carbon-containing material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/44—Palladium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
    • B01J23/462—Ruthenium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/40—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals of the platinum group metals
    • B01J23/46—Ruthenium, rhodium, osmium or iridium
    • B01J23/464—Rhodium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/48—Silver or gold
    • B01J23/50—Silver
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
    • B01J23/38—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of noble metals
    • B01J23/48—Silver or gold
    • B01J23/52—Gold
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J35/00—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties
    • B01J35/30—Catalysts, in general, characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
    • B01J35/396—Distribution of the active metal ingredient
    • B01J35/397—Egg shell like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
    • B01J37/0211—Impregnation using a colloidal suspension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
    • B01J37/0201—Impregnation
    • B01J37/0213—Preparation of the impregnating solution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
    • B01J37/16—Reducing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/22—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of gaseous or liquid organic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8605—Porous electrodes
    • H01M4/8621—Porous electrodes containing only metallic or ceramic material, e.g. made by sintering or sputtering
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8647—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites
    • H01M4/8657—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells consisting of more than one material, e.g. consisting of composites layered
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/8663—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for catalytic active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/9075—Catalytic material supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/90—Selection of catalytic material
    • H01M4/92—Metals of platinum group
    • H01M4/925—Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M8/1007—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes with both reactants being gaseous or vaporised
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0266—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step
    • C01B2203/0277—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a decomposition step containing a catalytic decomposition step
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/06—Integration with other chemical processes
    • C01B2203/066—Integration with other chemical processes with fuel cells
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1005—Arrangement or shape of catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1047—Group VIII metal catalysts
    • C01B2203/1064—Platinum group metal catalysts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/10—Catalysts for performing the hydrogen forming reactions
    • C01B2203/1041—Composition of the catalyst
    • C01B2203/1076—Copper or zinc-based catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Catalysts (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a process for producing H2 from a compound of formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV): R1COOH (I); R2OH (II); R3CHO (III); R4NH2 (IV); wherein R1 is H or unsubstituted or substituted C1-10 alkyl; R2 is unsubstituted or substituted C1-10 alkyl; R3 is H or unsubstituted or substituted C1-10 alkyl; R4 is H, unsubstituted or substituted C1-10 alkyl, or C(0)NR5R6; and R5 and R6, which are the same or different, are independently selected from H and unsubstituted or substituted C1-10 alkyl; which process comprises contacting a liquid phase which comprises said compound of formula (I), (II), (III) or (IV) with a catalyst, which catalyst comprises: (a) polymetallic nanoparticles, each of which comprises a first metal and a second metal, which first metal is selected from a Group (9), Group (10), Group (11) or Group (12) d-block metal, and which second metal is other than said first metal, wherein the polymetallic nanoparticles comprise a core which comprises said second metal and a shell surrounding said core, which shell comprises said first metal; or (b) nanoparticles which comprise a metal selected from palladium, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium, copper and silver, and which have a mean particle size of less than or equal to 50 nm;_provided that when said compound is a compound of formula (II), the catalyst comprises (a) said polymetallic nanoparticles. Further provided is a catalyst for the production of hydrogen from a compound of formula (I)-(IV) or for the electro-oxidation of a compound of formula (I)-(IV), which catalyst comprises polymetallic nanoparticles, which polymetallic nanoparticles comprise a core and a shell surrounding the core; wherein the shell comprises a first metal which is palladium, and the core comprises a second metal, wherein the second metal is other than palladium, platinum, gold, iron, cobalt, nickel, titanium, tungsten, tantalum, vanadium and niobium. Further provided is a process for producing the catalysts of the invention, and the following uses of the catalysts of the invention: use for the electro-oxidation of a compound of formula (I)-(IV); use for the electro-oxidation of formic acid; use in a fuel cell; use for the electro-oxidation of a compound of formula (I)-IV) in a fuel cell; and use for the electro-oxidation of formic acid in a direct formic acid fuel cell. Further provided is an electrode suitable for use in a fuel cell, comprising a catalyst of the invention, and a fuel cell comprising a catalyst or an electrode of the invention. A process for the electro-oxidation of a compound of formula (I)-(IV) with a catalyst of the invention is also provided.
PCT/GB2011/001156 2010-07-29 2011-07-29 Catalysts for hydrogen generation and fuel cells Ceased WO2012013940A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB1012789.2A GB201012789D0 (en) 2010-07-29 2010-07-29 Catalysts for hydrogen generation and fuel cells
GB1012789.2 2010-07-29

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012013940A2 WO2012013940A2 (en) 2012-02-02
WO2012013940A3 true WO2012013940A3 (en) 2012-06-14

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PCT/GB2011/001156 Ceased WO2012013940A2 (en) 2010-07-29 2011-07-29 Catalysts for hydrogen generation and fuel cells

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GB (1) GB201012789D0 (en)
WO (1) WO2012013940A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013011379B4 (en) 2013-07-09 2018-10-25 Martin Prechtl H2 production
SG11201610165SA (en) * 2014-06-05 2017-01-27 Agency Science Tech & Res Electrocatalyst for hydrogen production
WO2016073827A1 (en) * 2014-11-06 2016-05-12 The University Of North Carolina At Chapel Hill High efficiency dye sensitized photoelectrosynthesis cells
JP6675614B2 (en) * 2015-02-28 2020-04-01 株式会社フルヤ金属 Method for producing supported catalyst free of polymer protective material
JP6570030B2 (en) * 2015-06-09 2019-09-04 国立大学法人大阪大学 Core-shell catalyst and method for producing alkene using the same
JP6861038B2 (en) * 2017-01-25 2021-04-21 飯田グループホールディングス株式会社 Hydrogen supply system and hydrogen supply method
KR102764096B1 (en) * 2018-12-20 2025-02-05 현대자동차주식회사 Method of prepraing catalyst for fuel cell without carbon carrier
CN113042069A (en) * 2021-03-31 2021-06-29 泉州师范学院 Synthetic method and application of palladium-copper nano catalyst for formic acid reduction
CN113413922A (en) * 2021-07-19 2021-09-21 中国科学院成都有机化学有限公司 Heterogeneous catalyst for hydrogen production by formic acid liquid phase decomposition and preparation method thereof
CN118594597A (en) * 2024-03-28 2024-09-06 大连理工大学 A polyvinyl alcohol-stabilized Pd-based nano-alloy catalyst and a preparation method thereof

Citations (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1524711A2 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-20 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electrode catalyst for fuel cell and method for production thereof
US20070026292A1 (en) * 2005-08-01 2007-02-01 Radoslav Adzic Electrocatalysts having gold monolayers on platinum nanoparticle cores, and uses thereof
WO2009135189A1 (en) * 2008-05-01 2009-11-05 Monsanto Technology Llc Metal utilization in supported, metal-containing fuel cell catalysts
EP2172998A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-07 Ruhr-Universität Bochum Method for producing core-muffler catalysts
WO2010050550A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 ソニー株式会社 Platinum-containing catalyst, process for producing the platinum-containing catalyst, electrode, and electrochemical device

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1524711A2 (en) * 2003-10-06 2005-04-20 Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. Electrode catalyst for fuel cell and method for production thereof
US20070026292A1 (en) * 2005-08-01 2007-02-01 Radoslav Adzic Electrocatalysts having gold monolayers on platinum nanoparticle cores, and uses thereof
WO2009135189A1 (en) * 2008-05-01 2009-11-05 Monsanto Technology Llc Metal utilization in supported, metal-containing fuel cell catalysts
EP2172998A1 (en) * 2008-10-06 2010-04-07 Ruhr-Universität Bochum Method for producing core-muffler catalysts
WO2010050550A1 (en) * 2008-10-30 2010-05-06 ソニー株式会社 Platinum-containing catalyst, process for producing the platinum-containing catalyst, electrode, and electrochemical device

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WO2012013940A2 (en) 2012-02-02

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