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WO2012012243A1 - Projectile chimio-luminescent activé par impact - Google Patents

Projectile chimio-luminescent activé par impact Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012012243A1
WO2012012243A1 PCT/US2011/043869 US2011043869W WO2012012243A1 WO 2012012243 A1 WO2012012243 A1 WO 2012012243A1 US 2011043869 W US2011043869 W US 2011043869W WO 2012012243 A1 WO2012012243 A1 WO 2012012243A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
projectile
marking
target
chemiluminescent
light emitting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2011/043869
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English (en)
Inventor
Jacques Ladyjensky
Joseph Cosimo Longo
Earl Cranor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cyalume Technologies Inc
Original Assignee
Cyalume Technologies Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cyalume Technologies Inc filed Critical Cyalume Technologies Inc
Publication of WO2012012243A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012012243A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/40—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information of target-marking, i.e. impact-indicating type

Definitions

  • This invention relates to light emitting projectiles for marking an impact area, more particularly to a long range, long-flight time chemiluminescent projectile used for tactical and training exercises by military and law enforcement personnel which prevents light production resulting from forces associated with firing of the weapon, thereby retaining the amount of chemical light generated to occur as the projectile impacts the target area and releases its contents.
  • Payloads include lethal and non lethal explosive charges, chemical agents such as tear gas, smoke, and combinations of elements to illuminate an area or target for remote reconnaissance.
  • Training with explosive or pyrotechnic devices presents inherent health and safety hazards to the training personnel, such as in the case where a pyrotechnic charge fails to perform as required, resulting in unexploded ordinance .
  • Chemiluminescent lighting devices have been used as an alternative to devices utilizing pyrotechnics.
  • Chemiluminescent systems provide light by the use of a chemical reaction not dependent upon any electrical power or batteries. The long storage life and the excellent quality of light produced from current chemiluminescent systems have made the product a mainstay in the industry for emergencies.
  • Projectiles utilizing chemiluminescent systems have an advantage in that they do not utilize pyrotechnics, and therefore are not a source of ignition for objects which come into contact with the chemicals. They are also useful in day and night detection and can produce both visible and non- visible light.
  • Chemiluminescent light production generally utilizes a two-component system to chemically generate light.
  • Light is produced by combining the two components, which are usually in the form of chemical solutions referred to as the "oxalate” component and the “activator” component.
  • the two components are kept physically separate by a sealed, frangible, glass vial containing one component which is housed within an outer flexible container containing the other component.
  • this outer container is sealed to contain both the second component and the filled, frangible vial. Forces created by intimate contact with the internal vial, e.g. by flexing, cause the vial to rupture, thereby releasing the first component, allowing the first and second components to mix and produce light.
  • the outer vessel is usually composed of a clear or translucent material, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, which permits the light produced by the chemiluminescent system to be transmitted through the vessel walls.
  • a clear or translucent material such as polyethylene or polypropylene
  • These devices may be designed so as to transmit a variety of colors by either the addition of a dye or fluorescent compound to one or both of the chemiluminescent reactant compositions or to the vessel.
  • the device may be modified so as to only transmit light from particularly chosen portions thereof.
  • Chemiluminescent projectiles are currently used by the military to provide tracking and marking capabilities, thus eliminating training with explosive or pyrotechnic devices which present inherent health and safety hazards to the training personnel.
  • military forces training on gunnery accuracy in larger calibers 40 mm to 155 mm
  • Typical chemical light reactions initiate with a bright burst of light that quickly diminishes and then asymptotically approaches zero. Approximately 80% of the available light is emitted within the first 20% of the total glow duration.
  • a brief, bright burst of light is desired that rapidly extinguishes so that the impact of subsequent rounds can be accurately determined.
  • Chemical light training munitions have their formulas catalyzed such that the entire reaction occurs in approximately one minute.
  • chemiluminescent munitions that produce light upon the firing of the weapon, in combination with the long flight times, can result in a majority of the chemical light reaction occurring before the munition impacts the target area and releases its signal.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,940,605 discloses a chemiluminescent lighting apparatus for generating an illuminated marker material for delivery to a desired area.
  • Two fluids to be mixed are contained in separate chambers and are separated from a mixing chamber by means of frangible disc-shaped members.
  • a hollow gas generator expels gas when a squib fractures one of its walls. The force of the escaping gas exerts pressure on the two fluids sufficient to fracture the frangible disc members allowing mixing action in the mixing chamber.
  • the mixed fluid chemically reacts to produce light and flows from the mixing chamber to a light transmittable material where it is stored to provide an illuminated area.
  • U.S. Patent 3,983,817 discloses a spotting projectile having an interior cylinder receiving a piston in gas-sealing slideable relation so that gas trapped in the cylinder is compressed by forward inertial movement of the piston when the projectile impacts. The compressed gas ejects a powder charge carried by the piston rearwardly from the projectile to form a visible cloud.
  • U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,640,193 and 4,682,544 teach a container adapted for insertion into a device wherein the container has fitted into its hollow interior the components required to form therein and eject therefrom, upon impact and detonation, a chemiluminescent light emitting material, inclusive of a reactive enhancer.
  • U.S Patent 4,932,672 discloses an impact actuated nonlethal hand grenade having a flexible, resilient casing containing a pressurized marking fluid.
  • the casing has an opening and a ball received within the opening, whereby, when the hand grenade is thrown, the subsequent impact of the grenade with an object and the resulting hydrostatic shock through the fluid within the grenade will dislodge the ball from the opening allowing the discharge of fluid from the opening and onto surrounding objects.
  • U.S Patent 4,944,521 discloses a war game marking grenade with a piercing mechanism to pierce an enclosed gas cylinder.
  • the gas from the cylinder is directed into channels and impels gelatin enclosing fluid marking spheres exteriorly of the grenade for marking purposes.
  • U.S Patent 5,018,449 discloses a paint dispersing training grenade that includes a grenade body having dispersing passages, a plug received in one end of the bore, a piston resiliently urged by a spring toward the plug, a rupturable colorant containing capsule positioned between the piston and the plug, a separable release lever, and an inertial delay mechanism engaged between the grenade body and the piston.
  • the delay mechanism includes pivotable delay levers engaged with the piston at one end and having wheels rollably engaging a surface of the grenade body at another end. When the release lever is separated, movement of the piston by the spring is resisted by startup inertia of the wheels in rotating. When the inertia is overcome, the piston forcibly ruptures the capsule and propels the colorant out of the grenade body through the dispersion passages.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 5,018,540 teaches a luminescent paintball which comprises a double chamber projectile capsule that contains two chemical agents which, when mixed together on impact, provide a chemically luminescent spot for marking at night.
  • the chambers are provided with a double barrier which assures necessary shelf life and complete separation of the active ingredients.
  • U.S. Patent 5,035,183 discloses a two-piece polymer projectile consisting of an aero dynamically shaped, thin- shelled, frangible cap, adapted to be filled with a flowable substance for marking upon impact, the fluid sealed within the projectile by a rear plug.
  • the rear plug is relatively rigid in order to contain the expansive effect of propellant gases; a recessed compartment in the rear plug contributes to creating a forward centre of gravity for the projectile; the barrel rifling is engaged by the projectile in the region of the rear plug only, whereby positive engagement with the barrel rifling imparts spin without bursting the cap portion of the projectile; an indentation region on the nose of the cap facilitates flexing of the score lines for rapid and efficient bursting of the cap on impact.
  • U.S. Patent 5,257,936 discloses an inert training grenade intended to be fired by a rifle and a propellant cartridge, comprising a metal tube and with a front solid part which closes off the tube. This front part carries a hollow nose containing a marking substance. The nose is sufficiently resistant to withstand the shot, but is destructible on impact.
  • U.S. Patent 5,590,886 discloses a reusable, mechanically powered Paint Ball Grenade utilizing 0.68 or smaller diameter paint balls. Once thrown downrange the actuator will function upon impact allowing the grenade halves to collapse with the force of the primary spring, crushing the paint balls against cutters and causing the paint to be hydro mechanically dispersed about the exterior of the device.
  • U.S. Patent 6,619,211 discloses a practice ammunition projectile comprises a head which bursts when the projectile strikes a target and contains a marking agent which optically indicates the point of impact after the head has burst.
  • the marking agent consists of several chemical components which are each contained in separately breakable compartments within a burstable hood at the head of the projectile.
  • U.S. Patent 6,931,993 discloses a chemiluminescent tracer/ marker munition design where the projectiles are activated upon launch and travel either independently from the gun (e.g. scatter pattern) or are dispersed after a containment housing opens after firing.
  • U.S. Patent 6,990,905 discloses a non-lethal chemiluminescent marking projectile that provides site identification capability of a target upon impact.
  • the projectile contains a breakable container system and a foam filler.
  • the container system breaks on a setback impact that is exerted during firing and initial launch, causing the chemiluminescent reagents to mix and be absorbed into the foam filler, such that upon impact of the projectile with the target, the foam filler marks the target with the mixed chemiluminescent reagents diffused therein.
  • U.S Patent 7,055, 438 discloses a flameless tracer/ marker consisting of a hollow frangible projectile containing bags or ampoules containing the reagents required for the desired target effect are ruptured by the force of impact upon the target, allowing said reagents to intermix and disperse whence the projectile shatters on impact.
  • U.S. Patent RE 40,482 discloses chemiluminescent training munitions that activate or break the chemiluminescent material containing frangible containers upon setback or firing of the munition.
  • a training projectile that safely provides day and night visibility which is initiated upon impact with a target. While the projectile may be used for short range, a need exits for a long range, long-flight time projectile that prevents light production resulting from set- back or firing forces, thus providing the majority of the chemical light reaction to occur as the munition impacts the target area and releases its signal.
  • the present invention relates to a non-pyrotechnic, self-illuminating projectile useful for marking, target illumination, or targeting adjustment which produces chemiluminescent light upon impact with an object. Because the production of light is delayed until impact, the projectile is not visualized until impact and the intensity of light upon impact is greater than those projectiles that provide intermixing of light generating chemicals upon a firing force or during flight.
  • chemiluminescent reactant components as used herein is interpreted to mean a mixture of components, such as the oxalate or activator, or individual components, such as oxalic acid ester, and a fluorescer, which when intermixed produces a chemiluminescent reaction. While the two component system typically requires the "oxalate” component and the “activator” component to be separated, separation may occur within a single frangible container or using several frangible containers containing various reactants. In either case, rupture of the containers causes intermixing and results in light production.
  • the light emitting projectile for marking a target upon impact comprises a projectile body having a first end, a second end, a plurality of side walls, a base plate, and an interior portion therein.
  • the inner portion includes chemiluminescent reactant components contained within a plurality of frangible containers which are exemplified as, albeit not limited to, a form of ampoules.
  • At least one chemiluminescent reaction activator element is releasably attached to the base plate. Impact of the projectile with a target produces sufficient force to release the chemiluminescent reaction activator element within an inner channel. As the chemiluminescent reaction activator element moves within the inner channel, it contacts the ampoules. Contact of the ampoules results in releasing and intermixing of the chemiluminescent reactant components, resulting in the generation of light.
  • the light emitting projectile for marking a target upon impact comprises a projectile body having a first end, a second end, a plurality of side walls, a base plate, and an interior portion therein.
  • the inner portion includes chemiluminescent reactant components contained within one or more chambers separated by membranes.
  • At least one chemiluminescent reaction activator element is releasably attached to the base plate. Impact of the projectile with a target produces sufficient force to release the chemiluminescent reaction activator element from the base plate. Chemiluminescent light is produced by penetration of the membranes by the chemiluminescent reaction activator element, which results in intermixing of the chemiluminescent reactant components.
  • a unique aspect of the instant invention therefore, is the use of an inertial mass, such as a chemiluminescent reaction activator element which is secured in such a fashion so as to be released only upon final impact of the device resulting from failure of the securing structure or mechanism.
  • Release of chemiluminescent reaction activator element controllably ruptures the ampoules or membranes containing chemiluminescent reagents, causing the intermixing of the chemiluminescent reagents and the production of light.
  • the effect of this type of design results in the initiation of the chemiluminescent light production being delayed until impact.
  • the advantage of such a projectile is in providing a projectile that can not be visualized until impact and provides intense light production at the point of impact as compared to diminished light intensity during flight time as is the case with setback force activated devices.
  • the instant invention allows illumination to occur either entirely within the confines of the projectile or to be dispersed upon impact. By eliminating any pyrotechnics from the projectile, the likelihood of collateral damage or indirect injury is virtually eliminated. By delaying the intermixing of the chemiluminescent reagents until impact, the projectile allows use of highly catalyzed reactions with relatively short durations and prevents the most intense portion of the reaction cycle from being wasted during flight. By providing for the use of non-visible chemiluminescent reagents with or without additional marking materials, the instant invention lends itself to stealthy tactical or training applications.
  • a further advantage of using a secured inertial mass design in contrast to a free moving inertial mass design is that the projectile can readily withstand routine testing, such as drop tests, typically applicable to munitions. Impulse forces realized during such testing can be readily calculated and the strength of the securing force required can be derived. In this manner the minimum strength required to survive such tests may be calculated and used in the construction of a final product having securing forces conveniently above those of the test requirements while simultaneously well below those encountered in actual deployment. In this way, one skilled in the art with comprehensive knowledge of material properties could tailor the secured mass design to optimally suite numerous projectile applications functioning over a wide range of velocities and impact forces.
  • chemiluminescent projectile which provides a mechanism for controlling light activation until impact upon a target.
  • Another objective of this invention is to provide a chemiluminescent projectile which produces infrared or ultraviolet light.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of the chemiluminescent projectile.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the chemiluminescent projectile taken along line A of Figure 1.
  • Figure 3 depicts is a cross-sectional view of the chemiluminescent projectile taken along line B of Figure 1A.
  • Figure 4 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the chemiluminescent projectile illustrating use of pins for securing the chemiluminescent reactant activator element.
  • Figure 5 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the chemiluminescent projectile illustrating use of threading for securing the chemiluminescent reactant activator element.
  • Figure 6 illustrates a cross-sectional view of the chemiluminescent projectile illustrating use of magnets for securing the chemiluminescent reactant activator element.
  • Figure 7 illustrates an alternative embodiment of the chemiluminescent projectile prior to impact with a target .
  • Figures 8A-8E illustrate various connecting methods for connection of membranes to the chemiluminescent projectile projectile.
  • a projectile 1 having a first leading end 2, referring generally to the end that makes contact with a target, and a second trailing end 3.
  • the body of projectile 1 is further defined by side walls 4 and 5.
  • a base plate 6 sealingly engages the projectile body adjacent to the second end 3, thus forming an inner portion 7.
  • the figure illustrates a generally cylindrical shape body having a rounded front end, any shape is within the scope of the invention.
  • a plurality of ampoules 8 Located within inner portion 7 is a plurality of ampoules 8 made of rupturable materials, such as glass or plastic, and which contain chemiluminescent reactant components .
  • Typical chemical light systems employ various chemiluminescent reactant components, including an oxalate ester, hydrogen peroxide, a fluorescer, and a catalyst.
  • liquid phase oxalate ester chemical light system must comprise an "oxalate component” comprising an oxalic acid ester and a solvent, and a "peroxide component” comprising hydrogen peroxide and a solvent or mixture of solvents.
  • an efficient fluorescer must be contained in one of the components.
  • An efficient catalyst necessary for maximizing intensity and lifetime control, may be contained in one of the components.
  • the chemiluminescent reactant components are divided until time of use by placing the oxalate ester and dye in one solution and hydrogen peroxide and catalyst in a second solution. To generate light, the two solutions are intermixed.
  • the instant invention takes advantage of this system by placement of chemiluminescent reactant components, or combinations thereof, within the plurality of ampoules 8 to produce light in various spectrums, including visible light at different wavelengths, infrared light, and ultraviolet light.
  • Oxalates useful in the present invention include but are not limited to bis ( 2 , 4 , 5-trichloro-6- carbopentoxyphenyl ) xalate; bis (2,4, 5- trichlorophenyl ) oxalate; bis (2, 4 , 5-t ibromo-6- carbohexoxyphenyl ) oxalate; bis (2-nitrophenyl) oxalate;
  • Oxalate solvents useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to a propylene glycol dialkyl ether containing one to three propylene moieties and each alkyl group is independently a straight-chain or branched- chain alkyl group containing up to 8 carbon atoms.
  • Especially preferred first solvents are propylene glycol dialkyl ethers containing two propylene moieties such as dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dipropylene glycol diethyl ether and dipropylene glycol di-t-butyl ether.
  • the particularly preferred first solvent comprises dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, dibutyl phthalate, butyl benzoate, propylene glycol dibenzoate, and ethyl-hexyl diphenyl phosphate.
  • Peroxides useful in the present invention include but are not limited to hydrogen peroxide; sodium peroxide; sodium perborate; sodium pyrophosphate peroxide; urea peroxide; histidine peroxide; t-butyl-hydroperoxide; and peroxybenzoic acid.
  • Activator solvents useful in the present invention include, but are not limited, to dimethyl phthalate, triethyl citrate, and ethylene glycol dibenzoate.
  • Fluorescers useful in the present invention include but are not limited to l-methoxy-9, 10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene, perylene, rubrene, 16, 17-didecycloxyviolanthrone, 2 -ethyl-9, 10-bis (phenylethynyl) anthracene; 2-chloro-9, 10- bis ( 4-ethoxyphenyl ) anthracene; 2-chloro-9, 10-bis (4
  • dicarboximide 1,6,7, 12-tetraphenoxy-N, ' -bis (2 , 5-di-t- butylphenyl) -3,4,9, 10-perylene dicarboximide; 1, 7-di-chloro- 6, 12-diphenoxy-N, N ' -bis ( 2 , 6-diisopropylphenyl ) -3 , 4 , 9, 10- perylene dicarboximide; 1, 6, 7 , 12-tetra (p-bromophenoxy) -N, N ' - bis (2, 6-diisopropylphenyl) -3, 4, 9, 10-perylene
  • dicarboximide 1,6,7, 12-tetraphenoxy-N, N ' -diethyl-3 , 4 , , 10- perylene dicarboximide; 1, 7-dibromo-6, 12-diphenoxy-N, N ' -bis (2- isopropylphenyl ) -3,4,9, 10-perylene dicarboximide; 16, 17- dihexyloxyviolanthrone ; rubrene; and 1, 4-dimethyl-9, 10- bis (phenylethynyl ) anthracene .
  • Catalysts useful in the present invention include but are not limited to sodium salicylate; sodium-5- fluorosalicylate ; sodium-5-chlorosalicylate ; sodium-5- bromosalicylate ; sodium trifluoroacetate ; potassium
  • salicylate lithium-3-chlorosalicylate ; lithium-5- chlorosalicylate; lithium-3 , 5-dichlorosalicylate ; lithium- 3 , 5 , 6-trichlorosalicylate; lithium-2-chlorobenzoate; lithium- 5-t-butylsalicylate; lithium trifluoroacetate; rubidium acetate; tetrabutylammonium salicylate; tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoborate ; tetraethylammonium benzoate;
  • magnesium salicylate magnesium-5-t-butyl-salicylate ; magnesium-3-chlorosalicylate ; magnesium-3 , 5-dichloro-salicylate ; and magnesium-3 , 5 , 6- trichlorosalicylate .
  • Ampoules 8 are supported by and orientated within the inner portion by a holding element 9.
  • ampoules 8 are orientated perpendicular to the longitudinal axis 26 or the direction of travel of projectile 1.
  • Holding element 9 is molded from any suitable material such as but not limited to metals, plastics, or foam materials including but not limited to cross-linked polyethylene foams, polyester polyurethane foams, polyether polyurethane foams, ether-like-ester foams, coated polyurethane foams designed to prevent moisture, oils, or other reagents from penetrating the foam, expanded polystyrene foams, or other foams made of plastics, metals, ceramics, elastomers and rubber materials, thermoplastic, thermoset, or the like.
  • holding element 9 has one or a plurality of openings which engage, hold, and secure at least a portion of each of the ampoules 8.
  • a longitudinally extending inner channel 10 Positioned within holding element 9 is a longitudinally extending inner channel 10 which provides a passage way for at least one chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11. At least a portion of each of the ampoules is exposed to the inner channel 10 .
  • Chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 has a body portion 12 and a triangularly shaped front portion 13 having a blunt end (see for example Figure 2) or a sharp, pointed end (see for example Figure 7) .
  • body portion 12 attaches to base plate 6 .
  • front portion 13 of chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 is directed toward front portion 2 of projectile 1 .
  • Chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 is secured to base plate 6 by various mechanical and/or physical mechanisms known to one of skill in the art.
  • chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 can be designed as an integral part of the base plate or can be interconnected by frictional forces or press fitting.
  • Figure 4 illustrates the use of one or more pins which attach to either side wall 4 or a portion of the holding element.
  • the pin extends into the chemiluminescent reaction activator element, see pin 14 , or extends through the chemiluminescent reaction activator element, attaching to side wall 5 or the opposite portion of the holding element, see pin 15 .
  • Figure 4 illustrates a particular embodiment utilizing threading.
  • Chemiluminescent reaction activator element contains threading 16 and is designed to fit into threading receiving area 17 construed within the holding element. Both the pins and the threading are designed to dislodge or break apart upon impact of the projectile to allow release of the chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 and movement within the channel 10 upon an impact force.
  • Figure 5 illustrates the use of magnetic bonding as a securing mechanism.
  • magnet 18 and/or 19 is positioned near the chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11.
  • chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 is made of, or coated with, a magnetic material.
  • Additional embodiments include the use of magnets or magnetic materials within the base plate as well.
  • an alternative securing method includes the use of adhesives placed on the chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11, base plate 6, or combinations thereof. The strength of the bonding is designed such that impact forces results in release of the chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11.
  • projectile 1 is utilized as large or small caliber munitions or as a component of a bullet cartridge containing the projectile, in various large or small calibers, a propellant, i.e. gunpowder, and a primer. Either the individual projectiles or the bullet cartridge can then be loaded into a weapon, and fired.
  • chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 remains connected to base plate 6. Because chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 remains connected, the contents of ampoules 8 do not intermix and the projectile cannot produce chemiluminescent light upon either firing or during flight.
  • chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 As the projectile travels along a trajectory and contacts a target, the force of impact releases chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 from base plate 6, causing chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 to move within inner channel 10 in a direction towards the direction of travel, i.e. towards first end 2. As chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 moves, the front portion 13 of the chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 contacts ampoules 8 which causes rupture of the ampoules. As the ampoules rupture, the contents contained within are released, causing intermixing of the chemiluminescent reactant components and light production.
  • the projectile is usually composed of a clear or translucent material, such as polyethylene or polypropylene, which permits the light produced by the chemiluminescent system to be transmitted through the projectile walls. Additionally, the projectile may be constructed of materials which are biodegradable and/or inert.
  • marker material 22 such as fluorescent marker powder, dyes including but not limited to water soluble dyes such as Brown HT; Quinoline Yellow; Indigo Carmine; Brilliant Blue FCF; Ponceau 4R; Sunset Yellow; Indigotine; Fast Green FCF; Alura Red AC, and inert filler 23, such as but not limited to marble dust (calcium carbonate) , granulated or powdered PVC resin with or without additional dyes, glass beads, sand, plastic resin pellets, or the like, are contained within the inner portion 7.
  • the marker material and/or filler materials can be separated from the holding element 9 and compartmentalized within the inner portion by use of one or more membranes, 20 and 21, which form one or more chambers 24 and 25.
  • illumination can occur entirely within the confines of the device or can be dispersed upon impact. If the device is made of non-frangible materials, light production can be maintained within the device.
  • the projectile can be constructed such that any light produced can be visualized over the entire projectile or limited to a portion of the projectile body. For example, light production can be limited to a defined portion by utilizing one or more membranes, 20 and 21 which separate holding element 9 from the rest of the inner portion of the projectile, thus creating separate compartments.
  • Membrane 20 can be constructed of a material that is not punctured or penetrated by the chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 as it is released from the base plate, thereby limiting any chemiluminescent light produced to that area.
  • the holding element may be made of a permeable material that absorbs the liquids released from the ampoules, thus trapping them to a confined area.
  • the inner portion of the projectile may also be filled with optional marking dye 22, inert filler 23 capable of absorbing the chemiluminescent reagents and further contributing the overall mass of the projectile, or a mix of filler and marker dye.
  • Dispersement of the projectile contents to a target may be accomplished by constructing the projectile from a fungible material. As the projectile impacts a target, the frangible materials fail, resulting in release of the projectile's contents.
  • Apertures 27 within the side walls or other parts of the projectile provide an alternative method of providing dispersement of chemiluminescent light to a target.
  • chemiluminescent reaction activator element 11 can act as a piston to disperse the chemiluminescent reactant components through such apertures.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates an alternative illustrative embodiment of the chemiluminescent projectile.
  • projectile 201 includes a first leading end 202, a second trailing end 203, and side walls 204 and 205.
  • a base plate 206 sealingly engages the projectile body adjacent to the second end 203, thus forming an inner portion 207.
  • Inner portion 207 contains chemiluminescent reaction activator element 211 which attaches to base plate 206.
  • Side walls 204 and 205 may be continuous or, as illustrated, designed as multicomponents having a first member portion 208 adjoining a second member portion 209.
  • first member portion 208 and a second member portion 209 may be accomplished by various mechanisms known to one of skill in the art, such as by press-fitting or use of threading.
  • Chemiluminescent reaction activator element 211 is prevented from rearward and/or lateral movements movement by attachment to base 206, and optionally use of a membrane or shield 212, or other mechanisms, i.e. pins, magnets, as described previously.
  • the second member portion 209 may contain marker dye 213, inert filler 214, or some combination of the two materials.
  • First member portion 208 is further divided by one or more rupturable membranes 215, 216, and 217 that form inner compartment 218 and 219. Compartments 218 and 219 contain the chemiluminescent reactant components.
  • Membranes may be comprised of any suitable materials, such as aluminum foil or polyethylene and can be attached to the projectile by coating with a heat-sealable polymer varnish intended to adhere through application of heat to the body of the projectile.
  • the heat-sealable polymer varnish is preferably non-reactive with any of the chemiluminescent components and will not affect the production of light if contacted with the chemiluminescent components.
  • Figures 8A-8E represents illustrative embodiments of membrane attachment methods.
  • membranes 215, 216, or 217 can be attached to the projectile via heat sealing directly to shoulders 220 formed within the side walls 204 and 205, see Figure 8A, to a cylindrical element 221 with shoulders 222, see Figure 8B, or without shoulders 222, see Figure 8C, or through use of sealing lips or flanges 223 molded into the projectile body, see Figure 8D.
  • Figure 8E illustrates sealing of membrane 215 directly into the side walls 204 and 205.
  • chemiluminescent reaction activator element 211 Upon impact with the target, chemiluminescent reaction activator element 211 is released from the base plate 206, resulting in motion toward first leading end 202.
  • Chemiluminescent reaction activator element 211 is made of a material strong enough to puncture the membranes, thus allowing intermixing of the chemiluminescent reactant components, marker materials, inert filler, or combinations thereof.
  • the configuration of the chemiluminescent reaction activator element 211 may be adjusted for different desired functionality. For example, a larger diameter chemiluminescent reaction activator element could act as a piston and forcibly move the chemiluminescent reagent mixture forward where it could then be expelled through one or a more apertures (not illustrated) located within the perimeter of the projectile.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Illuminated Signs And Luminous Advertising (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un projectile non pyrotechnique auto-éclairant utilisable pour le marquage, l'éclairage d'une cible ou le réglage de la visée qui produit une lumière chimio-luminescente lors de l'impact avec un objet. Du fait que la production de lumière est retardée jusqu'à l'impact, le projectile n'est pas visualisé avant l'impact et l'intensité lumineuse au moment de l'impact est plus puissante que celle de la lumière produite par des projectiles qui réalisent un mélange de produits chimiques produisant de la lumière pendant le vol.
PCT/US2011/043869 2010-07-20 2011-07-13 Projectile chimio-luminescent activé par impact Ceased WO2012012243A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/839,941 US20100282118A1 (en) 2007-02-08 2010-07-20 Chemiluminescent impact activated projectile
US12/839,941 2010-07-20

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2012012243A1 true WO2012012243A1 (fr) 2012-01-26

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US (1) US20100282118A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012012243A1 (fr)

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US8661983B1 (en) 2007-07-26 2014-03-04 Kimball Rustin Scarr Ring airfoil glider with augmented stability
US8065961B1 (en) 2007-09-18 2011-11-29 Kimball Rustin Scarr Less lethal ammunition
WO2011014484A1 (fr) * 2009-07-27 2011-02-03 Earl Cranor Système réactionnel thermique et chimioluminescent combiné
US8286557B2 (en) * 2009-08-03 2012-10-16 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Projectiles for marking targets, methods of manufacturing the same, and methods of utilizing the same
US8511232B2 (en) 2010-06-10 2013-08-20 Kimball Rustin Scarr Multifire less lethal munitions
CA2815538C (fr) * 2010-10-24 2020-06-30 Cyalume Technologies, Inc. Systeme de reactions thermique et de chimiluminescence combinees
WO2012061065A1 (fr) * 2010-10-24 2012-05-10 Cyalume Technologies, Inc. Système de marquage à plusieurs marqueurs
US20130014667A1 (en) * 2011-04-12 2013-01-17 Armtec Defense Products Co. Propellant gas operation/initiation of a non-pyrotechnic projectile tracer
USD689975S1 (en) * 2012-01-16 2013-09-17 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Practice projectile
US9217627B2 (en) * 2013-03-21 2015-12-22 Kms Consulting, Llc Training ammunition cartridge with reactive liquid materials for marking a point of impact
US11209254B2 (en) * 2016-03-09 2021-12-28 Msato, Llc Pellet shaped marking round for air rifles and pistols
SI25865A (sl) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-31 AREX Proizvodnja orodij, naprav in storitve d.o.o., Šentjernej Barvni markirni projektil
US11287232B2 (en) * 2019-12-12 2022-03-29 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Additively manufactured self-destructive delay device
CA3222777A1 (fr) * 2021-06-09 2023-07-27 Cyalume Technologies, Inc. Charge utile de projectile pour munition d'entrainement avec sortie multispectrale

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014121971A1 (fr) 2013-02-08 2014-08-14 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Projectile sans explosif destiné à produire une signature thermique
DE102013002119A1 (de) 2013-02-08 2014-08-28 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Explosivstofffreies Geschoss zur Erzeugung einer thermischen Signatur

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