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WO2012010676A1 - Système et procédé de réveil basse consommation destinés à des réseaux corporels sans fil - Google Patents

Système et procédé de réveil basse consommation destinés à des réseaux corporels sans fil Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012010676A1
WO2012010676A1 PCT/EP2011/062583 EP2011062583W WO2012010676A1 WO 2012010676 A1 WO2012010676 A1 WO 2012010676A1 EP 2011062583 W EP2011062583 W EP 2011062583W WO 2012010676 A1 WO2012010676 A1 WO 2012010676A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
signal
wake
ook
comparator
gook
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PCT/EP2011/062583
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English (en)
Inventor
Stevan Marinkovic
Emanuel Popovici
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University College Cork
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University College Cork
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Publication date
Priority claimed from GBGB1106846.7A external-priority patent/GB201106846D0/en
Application filed by University College Cork filed Critical University College Cork
Publication of WO2012010676A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012010676A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B13/00—Transmission systems characterised by the medium used for transmission, not provided for in groups H04B3/00 - H04B11/00
    • H04B13/005—Transmission systems in which the medium consists of the human body
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
    • H04W52/00—Power management, e.g. Transmission Power Control [TPC] or power classes
    • H04W52/02—Power saving arrangements
    • H04W52/0209—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices
    • H04W52/0225—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal
    • H04W52/0229—Power saving arrangements in terminal devices using monitoring of external events, e.g. the presence of a signal where the received signal is a wanted signal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wake up radio system and method.
  • the invention relates to a nano-power wake-up system and method for a Wireless Body Area Network.
  • Wireless Body Area Networks have been a popular research area in the recent years. Usually, the trend in this area of research is about minimisation and low power. Since one of the bigger power consumers in a wireless sensor is the wireless transceiver, a number of protocols and methods have been devised to minimize the duty cycle of the transceiver. Whilst reducing the duty cycle helps to save power, it severely limits network flexibility.
  • the duty cycle can be defined as the percentage of time during which a transceiver is in an "active" state. But, once the transceiver is off, data cannot be sent nor received from/to the device or sensor. If it is needed for a sensor to listen idly on a channel, power consumed in such a case is equivalent or in some cases even larger than the one needed for transmission of the data.
  • any circuit that will be used as a WUR must be very simple. For example, if possible there should not be any active filtering nor signal amplifications at the input. Therefore, ideal modulation for this type of a device is On- Off Keying (OOK).
  • OOK On- Off Keying
  • the problem with OOK signals usually leaves the radio vulnerable to signals from nearby devices with high transmit power, that can be misinterpreted as the wake up signal. This would require the sensor to falsely wake up and waste battery energy, which is undesirable.
  • wake up signals that could happen from outside sources are quite frequent.
  • mobile phone or laptop using a WiFi can be located in proximity of a sensor, and can trigger false wake up signals.
  • other wireless communication in a WBAN should not affect the wake up radio of a sensor that is in sleep mode. Therefore, a low power strategy must be developed to avoid these false wake-up signals, as much as possible.
  • Gu et al. present and simulate a radio triggered hardware that extracts energy from the radio signals and provides wakeup signals to the network node without using internal power supply. But there is no addressing mechanism or selectivity of wake up signals.
  • Ansari et al. present a simple protocol for wake up signal transmission and a WUR that includes voltage multiplier and a digital comparator.
  • Durante et al. present a solution with a Schottky voltage doubler followed by a programmable amplifier and integrator. Data rate and sensitivity is high, because of the amplification stage, on the expense of power consumption.
  • a nano- power wake-up radio (WUR) system to turn on a device for wireless body area networks, said system comprising:
  • a signal for example an OOK or GOOK signal
  • a comparator adapted to communicate with said means for receiving and said adaptive threshold generator
  • a filter means at the output of the comparator comprising means for classifying the received signal to determine whether to turn on the device.
  • the adaptive threshold increases dynamic range of the WUR, and provides equal mark-space ratio for logic '0' and T for weak, strong OOK or GOOK modulated signals.
  • the filter means comprises a low power filter or passive filter.
  • the filter means comprises a detector, for example a preamble detector, adapted to detect a wake-up preamble signal in a preselected or expected OOK or GOOK data rate range.
  • Envelope detector demodulates OOK or GOOK modulated signal without power consumption.
  • a correct bit sequence of the received signal is formed using a comparator and/or the adaptive threshold generator.
  • a charge pump detects the received OOK or GOOK signal.
  • the charge pump comprises a two stage voltage doubler-multiplier.
  • the wakeup packet comprises of a preamble sequence adapted to generate a wake-up signal and a payload that addresses the device that needs to be woken up.
  • the wake-up packet is transmitted as an OOK of GOOK modulated packet.
  • a second comparator if the wake-up signal needs to have sharp transitions.
  • the means for receiving an OOK signal or GOOK signal comprises an antenna.
  • a Pulse Width Modulation decoder In one embodiment there is provided a Pulse Width Modulation decoder.
  • a Serial Peripheral Interface (SPI) adapter adapted for generating SPI compatible signals for data transfer to a processor of the device. Radio has SPI compatible interface for easier connection of the WUR in existing applications.
  • a nano-power wake-up radio (WUR) system to turn on a device for wireless body area networks, said system comprising:
  • a signal for example an OOK or GOOK signal
  • a comparator adapted to communicate with said means for receiving; and means for classifying the received signal to determine whether to turn on the device.
  • a nano-power wake-up radio (WUR) system to turn on a device for wireless body area networks, said system comprising:
  • a signal for example an OOK or GOOK signal
  • a comparator adapted to communicate with said means for receiving; and a filter means at the output of the comparator comprising means for classifying the received signal to determine whether to turn on the device.
  • a computer program comprising program instructions for causing a computer program to carry out the above method which may be embodied on a record medium, carrier signal or read-only memory.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates a wake up radio overview according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2a and 2b illustrate a detailed wake up radio electric scheme, according to a first and second embodiment of the invention
  • Fig. 3 illustrates results of output signals obtained
  • Fig. 4 illustrates result input signals obtained
  • Fig. 5 illustrates data and wake up signals in the case of a GSM 3G data transfer interference
  • Fig. 6 illustrates a wake up radio overview according to another embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 7 illustrate a detailed wake up radio electric scheme of Fig. 6
  • Fig. 8 illustrates signals at the points a, b and PWM from Figure 6 for a GOOK modulated packet
  • Fig. 9 illustrates signals PWM and WUp from Figure 6 for a full wake up packet
  • Fig. 10 illustrates a SPI master output of the WUR (full packet).
  • Fig. 11 illustrates a SPI master output of the WUR (detailed start of the packet, start bit and pwm modulated '0' and 1');
  • Fig.12 illustrates a wake up case of a GSM call without input RF filtering, wake up does not reach interrupt threshold
  • Fig.13 illustrates interference rejection
  • the invention provides a system for nano-power wake-up radio circuit for wireless body area networks indicated generally by the reference numeral 1.
  • the system comprises means for receiving, for example an antenna, an OOK signal 2 (or other suitable signal); an adaptive threshold generator 3; a comparator 4; and a filter and detector block 5 at the output of the comparator 4.
  • the filter 5 comprises a low power filter at the output of the comparator to filter signals that could generate false wakeups thus saving on power.
  • the system of the invention allows it to work on any frequency, and can use the same antenna 2 as a normal transceiver in a wireless sensor.
  • a charge pump 6 (for example a two stage voltage doubler-multiplier) detects the received OOK signal envelope.
  • Comparator threshold is not constant but adaptive threshold can be used.
  • Preamble detector 5 detects the wake-up preamble, if it is generated in a preselected or expected OOK data rate range. This excludes unnecessary wake ups from common interferences in WBAN.
  • wireless devices that are used by a person wearing a WBAN, such as a GSM phone, WiFi device, Bluetooth device etc.
  • An optional second comparator 7 can be provided for sharper transitions, the operation of which is described in more detail with respect to Figure 2b. In order to keep the low power consumption the filter 5 should be passive.
  • the optional second comparator 7 finally generates the wake-up signal if wakeup preamble sequence was received. But, this is optional, and in most cases would not be used in order to conserve energy, since microcontroller will generate interrupt when the wake up signal crosses Vdd/2 on standard CMOS input or Vdd/3 on a Schmitt-trigger input.
  • Wake up signal can be sent by a WBAN Coordinator node. That signal should be sensed by all of the sensors in the Network. This signal should wake up a microcontroller that controls the sensor, or a dedicated digital circuit to decide what to do with the signal. Then, the sensor which is meant for wake up turns on the transceiver, and packet is sent or sensor waits for a certain time to receive additional commands. The false wake up signals should be minimal.
  • Wakeup packet consists of a preamble sequence that should generate wake-up signal and a payload that addresses the sensor that needs to be woken up and optionally, extra commands and instructions (requirement 2.b). This packet is transmitted as an OOK modulated packet. It will be appreciated that the invention only uses passive components to construct an efficient wakeup radio with ultra low power consumption.
  • FIG. 2 An electric scheme of the wake up radio according to the invention is shown in Fig. 2 according to one embodiment of the invention.
  • Figure 2a shows two versions of the full WUR circuit.
  • First part of the circuit (from the antenna) is the charge pump (C1-C4, D1-D4). It turns the Gaussian OOK (GOOK) modulated signal from the antenna (Fig. 4, top signal) in to the envelope signal, voltage dependent on the wireless signal strength (Fig.4, signal 'a').
  • Next part of the circuit (Rl, R2, C5) is used for adaptive threshold generation (Fig.4, signal 'b').
  • Adaptive threshold has two advantages:
  • the threshold value for the comparator is always held at the same percentage of the 'a' signal level that changes with the wake up signal power. This is used to ensure the same length for '0' and T (Fig. 4, signal 'Data'), regardless if the received signal is week or strong, and/or GOOK modulated (no sharp transitions). 2) There is no voltage divider at the second input of the comparator and energy from the antenna is used for the threshold generation, therefore static power is reduced. Fig. 5. Data and Wake Up signal in case of GSM 3G data transfer interference. After the comparator, next part of the circuit (R3, C6, C7, D5, D6) is used to generate wake up signal from the preamble.
  • This preamble detector is used for two reasons:
  • GSM 3G data signal of a nearby phone consists of data bursts that are interpreted as lower data rate OOK. Circuit needs several short impulses to charge the C7 capacitor to lower the 'WUp' (Fig.2) signal, as it can be seen on Fig.3, and the frequency of GSM data packets is not high enough to generate wake up signal. Same can be proven for SMS send/receive, GSM Call, WiFi or Bluetooth.
  • a second comparator as illustrated in Fig. 2(b), can be used if WUp signal needs to have sharp transitions, or can be used for measurements (Fig. 3). In most cases there is no need for it, therefore does not have to be used because it increases power consumption.
  • a full version of the wake up radio using the SMD components can be built.
  • Application of this radio would be to have circuit like this connected to the same antenna as the main transceiver on a sensor node, WUp output connected to the microcontroller' s ( ⁇ ( ⁇ ) interrupt pin, and Data output connected to, for example UART, or some general purpose input-output (GPIO) pin.
  • ⁇ gets the interrupt signal when somebody transmits the preamble.
  • the microcontroller goes into the active state and reads the OOK command/address on the UART or GPIO pin. It compares it, and decides if there is need to turn on the rest of the circuit, or go back into the sleep mode. This can be done by some dedicated device, however this consumes more static power, and can be proven that it is overall more power consuming, for regular WBAN applications with infrequent wake up signals, and low-power microcontrollers.
  • the invention provides a system for nano-power wake-up radio circuit for wireless body area networks, illustrated generally by the reference numeral 10.
  • a charge pump for example a two-stage voltage doubler multiplier, is used as an OOK signal envelope detector.
  • the correct bit sequence for the received packet is formed using a data slicer 12 (comparator).
  • the comparator 12 threshold is adaptive, rather than constant, and it is determined by the strength of the received signal.
  • a Preamble Detector 13 triggers the wake up interrupt if the preamble is in the expected OOK data rate range.
  • PWM Pulse-Width Modulation
  • SPI Serial Peripheral Interface
  • FIG. 7 A detailed schematic circuit of the WUR according to the invention is shown in Fig. 7.
  • the first part of the circuit is the envelope detector - a two-stage doubler (C1-C4, Dl- D4). This extracts the envelope of the received GOOK signal (tracks the received signal power). Resulting signal is shown in Fig.8, signal 'a'.
  • the next part of the circuit (Rl, C5) is used for adaptive threshold generation (Fig.8, signal 'b').
  • the next part of the circuit (R2, C6, C7, D5, D6) is used to generate a wake up interrupt from the preamble.
  • the preamble is an OOK signal of higher frequency than 2kHz in our implementation (Fig.9). This preamble is used for two purposes: 1) Sets the threshold signal ('b') to the mid-level of the envelope detector signal ('a'), Fig.8.
  • the wake up packet preamble raises this WUp-Int to generate the interrupt, as illustrated in Fig.9.
  • the signal from a GSM mobile phone during a call does not trigger an interrupt.
  • This figure shows how the WUR, without any RF filtering at the input, interprets a signal from a GSM mobile phone during a call. Note that the whole FSK modulated packet of data is seen as a high level impulse once it is OOK demodulated. This preamble detector drastically reduces false wake up interrupts caused by spurious wireless FSK transmissions in the vicinity of a WBAN (particularly from GSM systems which are the strongest and most common).
  • the next part of the circuit (R3, R4, C8, D7 and 74HC132 Quad 2-input NAND Schmitt trigger) is used to decode the PWM signal and make it SPI compatible.
  • the PWM signal is filtered using R3-C8, where only longer pulses (logical "1") can raise input 5 of the 74HC132 to the Schmitt "1" level.
  • This value (R3-C8) is data-rate dependant and should be changed if another data rate is used.
  • the rest of the logic is used to generate the SPI data and SPI enable signals (Fig.10, channel 1 and 3).
  • a high level of the WUp signal is needed to generate SPI data.
  • An SPI enable signal is generated when the first bit in the packet arrives. This bit has to be "1" (start bit).
  • the SPI data is the PWM filtered signal (Fig. 11, middle signal), and the SPI clock is the raw PWM signal after the comparator (Fig. 11, top signal).
  • the WUR acts as a SPI master.
  • the working frequency is determined by the type of zero bias diode.
  • the Receiver sensitivity/data rate characteristic is determined by the RF characteristic of the Schottky diode, the OOK data-rate and the threshold level of the comparator-data slicer.
  • a 100% AM test method was used for sensitivity measurement, with DC balanced data.
  • This architecture is capable of working at data rates up to 80kbit/s, with proper changes in the component values for preamble detector/SPI adapter.
  • the sensitivities are:
  • the comparator needs a higher voltage difference at the input to reduce the propagation time. Therefore reduction in the sensitivity is observed.
  • any low power WUR based on the envelope detection method will be affected by these signals, if there is no filtering at the input, as it is shown in Fig.12.
  • the comparator's output is shown, without input RF filtering, for a nearby phone during a call.
  • Other common interferers will not be as critical as GSM, since their output power levels are not as high, and most of the WUR do not have great sensitivity. From an overall power consumption perspective (Requirement 1. b.) it is important how the receiver deals with these interferences. If the WUR generates a wake up interrupt every time there is a packet being sent from some device, this would lead to high power consumption.
  • the WUR of the present invention has the preamble detector to filter the most common interferences around a WBAN from generating a wake up interrupt, as explained earlier. These interferences do not generate false wake up interrupts, but the communication can be interrupted if the interference happens during the transmission of the wake up packet, leading to corrupt data and packet dismissal after the cyclic redundancy check (CRC). This scenario occurs during a GSM call if no RF filtering is used. Therefore, in order to reduce the Packet Error Ratio, a SAW filter can be placed at the input. Interference rejection performance is measured by applying a desired signal of power level D, along with an undesired (i.e. interfering) pulse signal of power I, injected into the RF input of the receiver.
  • a desired signal of power level D along with an undesired (i.e. interfering) pulse signal of power I, injected into the RF input of the receiver.
  • the interference rejection performance is expressed as the ratio of the power of the desired signal and the power of the undesired signal (D/I) at this threshold.
  • Fig.13 shows the lowest possible D/I for the acceptable mark/space ratio during the interference pulse. Measurements were performed for the desired OOK signal with data rate of 5.5kbit/s at the working frequency of 433.92MHz and the power of -45dBm (3dB higher than the sensitivity). For the GSM 900 band the rejection is approx. SSdB. For frequencies higher than l.SGHz, the rejection becomes very high because of the diode characteristics.
  • the wake up packet is typically made of Preamble, Synchronisation bit, Data and CRC.
  • the preamble is used to generate the wake up interrupt.
  • the synchronisation bit is used to delimit the start of the message, and generate the SPI enable signal, for the microcontroller to start reading data.
  • the data should be an address and/or some command defined by the MAC protocol, and the packet should also contain a CRC.
  • the static power consumption of the WUR is determined by the static power consumption of the comparator and the CMOS logic for the SPI.
  • the NPS1101 CMOS comparator by NanoPower Solutions, Inc. (available at http://www.npsi.jp/j/product nps1101.pdf ) as the comparator with the lowest power consumption available on the market. Measurements show that the static current consumption of our WUR, based on NPS1101 comparator is 180nA at l.SV. This figure is for the complete circuit including the SPI adapter based on HCMOS technology, for which the quiescent current is low (few nA at 25° C).
  • the static power consumption (when listening on a channel) is 270nW.
  • the dynamic power when receiving an OOK packet is dissipated on the preamble detector capacitances and the SPI adapter CMOS inputs. It is determined by the values of the capacitors C6, C7 and C8, power-dissipation capacitance of the NAND gates Cpd , and the data rate.
  • the total measured energy per bit (Data slicer + Preamble detector + PWM decoder + SPI adapter) is 1.75nJ/bit This does not vary much with the data rate, because higher data rates would have higher dynamic power consumption but lower time per bit, and vice-versa for the lower data rates.
  • a comparison of the power consumption with the lowest power consuming radios was performed. Static power was only compared, only for the wake up radio since the works did not give average power consumptions when having the wake ups or when confronted with the false wake ups generated by external devices.
  • Wake Up Radio can be seen as one of the devices that will find its use in this type of sensors.
  • the radios used in those sensors would need to have very low power consumption while idly listening on a channel for extended periods of time. They should be also easily integrated with the existing systems, and robust to interference by modern day wireless devices carried around a person.
  • the invention provides a tested a low power, multi- frequency WUR, with common WBAN interference removal, to adhere to these requirements.
  • the wake up system of the present invention meets all the main requirements for a
  • WUR should be switched on for extended periods of time, depending of the MAC protocol, when the rest of the node is in sleep mode.
  • WUR should be able to receive a addressing or some other type of MAC message besides just a wake up signal. Therefore, node will not switch on the receiver if the wake up signal was not intended for it.
  • WUR circuit should be easily integrated with the existing circuit, without adding too many components.
  • wake up signals should be sent using the existing transmitter used in network.
  • the WUR is capable of receiving data, and MAC is using this, it should have reasonable data-rate. Trying to adhere to all of these requirements, while still keeping the low power consumption (First, Second and Third requirement) is not trivial. Especially in a WBAN, where one has great number of strong wireless transmitter devices, that can be located in immediate vicinity of a sensor. Communication with the other sensors will also affect the WUR of a node in sleep mode, and this should not generate false wake-up signals.
  • the invention provides a full working Wake Up Radio (WUR), intended for use in Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN) that operates in an ultra low power mode.
  • WUR Wake Up Radio
  • the radio was tested regarding the power consumption and robustness to communication interferences from a wireless device commonly found around the person carrying a WBAN. Results show that the wake up radio of the present invention has lower power consumption when idle listening than the other state of- the- art radios, and that the filtering method along with a preamble detection method can significantly reduce power for false wake ups in a WBAN.
  • nano-power wake-up radio system to turn on a device for Wireless Body Area Networks such as devices for Medical Applications, Sport/Fitness, Gaming/Entertainment and Wireless Sensor Networks: Automotive applications, Structural/ambient monitoring, "smart" actuator systems.
  • a device for Wireless Body Area Networks such as devices for Medical Applications, Sport/Fitness, Gaming/Entertainment and Wireless Sensor Networks: Automotive applications, Structural/ambient monitoring, "smart” actuator systems.
  • any device operating in any wireless network that needs low latency and low power requirements.
  • the embodiments in the invention described with reference to the drawings comprise a computer apparatus and/or processes performed in a computer apparatus.
  • the invention also extends to computer programs, particularly computer programs stored on or in a carrier adapted to bring the invention into practice.
  • the program may be in the form of source code, object code, or a code intermediate source and object code, such as in partially compiled form or in any other form suitable for use in the implementation of the method according to the invention.
  • the carrier may comprise a storage medium such as ROM, e.g. CD ROM, or magnetic recording medium, e.g. a floppy disk or hard disk.
  • the carrier may be an electrical or optical signal which may be transmitted via an electrical or an optical cable or by radio or other means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système radio nano-puissance de réveil pour la mise en marche d'un dispositif pour des réseaux corporels sans fil, ledit système comprenant : des moyens de réception d'un signal, par exemple un signal OOK ou GOOK; un générateur de seuil adaptatif; un comparateur approprié pour communiquer avec ledit moyen de réception et ledit générateur de seuil adaptatif; un moyen de filtrage à la sortie de comparateur, comprenant un moyen de classification du signal reçu permettant de déterminer si le dispositif doit être mis en marche.
PCT/EP2011/062583 2010-07-21 2011-07-21 Système et procédé de réveil basse consommation destinés à des réseaux corporels sans fil Ceased WO2012010676A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IE20100457 2010-07-21
IES2010/0457 2010-07-21
GBGB1106846.7A GB201106846D0 (en) 2011-04-26 2011-04-26 Low power wake-up system and method for wireless body area networks
GB1106846.7 2011-04-26

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WO2018016756A1 (fr) * 2016-07-21 2018-01-25 엘지전자 주식회사 Procédé et dispositif permettant d'effectuer une communication à faible puissance dans un système lan sans fil à l'aide d'un paquet de réveil
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EP3528557A4 (fr) * 2016-08-15 2019-12-11 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Procédé et dispositif pour transmettre et recevoir un paquet de réveil dans un système de communication
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US11737026B2 (en) 2021-03-25 2023-08-22 Dell Products L.P. Information handling system and peripheral wakeup radio interface synchronized communications
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US11943712B2 (en) 2021-03-25 2024-03-26 Dell Products L.P. Information handling system and peripheral group wakeup radio interface synchronized communications

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