WO2012008324A1 - 自動分析装置、分析方法及び情報処理装置 - Google Patents
自動分析装置、分析方法及び情報処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012008324A1 WO2012008324A1 PCT/JP2011/065277 JP2011065277W WO2012008324A1 WO 2012008324 A1 WO2012008324 A1 WO 2012008324A1 JP 2011065277 W JP2011065277 W JP 2011065277W WO 2012008324 A1 WO2012008324 A1 WO 2012008324A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/75—Systems in which material is subjected to a chemical reaction, the progress or the result of the reaction being investigated
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F31/00—Mixers with shaking, oscillating, or vibrating mechanisms
- B01F31/80—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations
- B01F31/86—Mixing by means of high-frequency vibrations above one kHz, e.g. ultrasonic vibrations with vibration of the receptacle or part of it
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
- B01F35/00—Accessories for mixers; Auxiliary operations or auxiliary devices; Parts or details of general application
- B01F35/20—Measuring; Control or regulation
- B01F35/21—Measuring
- B01F35/2131—Colour or luminescence
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
- G01N35/00613—Quality control
- G01N35/00623—Quality control of instruments
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
- G01N35/00613—Quality control
- G01N35/00663—Quality control of consumables
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- G—PHYSICS
- G16—INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY [ICT] SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR SPECIFIC APPLICATION FIELDS
- G16C—COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY; CHEMOINFORMATICS; COMPUTATIONAL MATERIALS SCIENCE
- G16C20/00—Chemoinformatics, i.e. ICT specially adapted for the handling of physicochemical or structural data of chemical particles, elements, compounds or mixtures
- G16C20/10—Analysis or design of chemical reactions, syntheses or processes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N2035/00465—Separating and mixing arrangements
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
- G01N35/00693—Calibration
- G01N2035/00702—Curve-fitting; Parameter matching; Calibration constants
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N2035/0097—Control arrangements for automatic analysers monitoring reactions as a function of time
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/25—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands
- G01N21/27—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration
- G01N21/272—Colour; Spectral properties, i.e. comparison of effect of material on the light at two or more different wavelengths or wavelength bands using photo-electric detection ; circuits for computing concentration for following a reaction, e.g. for determining photometrically a reaction rate (photometric cinetic analysis)
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N35/00—Automatic analysis not limited to methods or materials provided for in any single one of groups G01N1/00 - G01N33/00; Handling materials therefor
- G01N35/00584—Control arrangements for automatic analysers
- G01N35/00594—Quality control, including calibration or testing of components of the analyser
- G01N35/00603—Reinspection of samples
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T436/00—Chemistry: analytical and immunological testing
- Y10T436/11—Automated chemical analysis
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an automatic analyzer, an analysis method, and an information processing apparatus that perform qualitative and quantitative analysis of biological samples such as blood and urine.
- the reference time series data generated using a chemical reaction model in advance is stored, and the reaction process data of the sample is compared with the reference time series data, Absorbance change calculated by approximating the change in absorbance measured by the function that approximates the change in absorbance by what is determined to be abnormal when the deviation is large (see Patent Document 1) or a function stored in advance And determining abnormality from the magnitude of the deviation (see Patent Document 2).
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides an automatic analyzer, an analysis method, and an information processing device that can sufficiently detect an abnormality from each measurement result and that can identify the cause of the abnormality.
- the purpose is to provide.
- the present invention provides a sample container containing a sample to be measured, a reagent container containing a reagent to be reacted with the sample, a reaction container for mixing and reacting the sample and the reagent,
- a sample dispensing mechanism for dispensing the sample in the sample container into the reaction container; a reagent dispensing mechanism for dispensing the reagent in the reagent container into the reaction container; and the sample and reagent contained in the reaction container
- a calculation unit that selects an at least one approximation formula, generates an approximate curve from the plurality of measurement point data, calculates a shape feature amount from the approximate curve, and performs an abnormality determination using the shape feature amount
- An abnormality determination unit And those with and the data processing unit.
- an abnormality can be sufficiently detected from each measurement result, and the cause of the abnormality can be specified.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of an automatic analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a figure which shows roughly the function of the control part of the automatic analyzer which concerns on one embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the reaction process in the case of the rate analysis by a two-reagent method, and is a figure which shows the reaction process in which a light absorbency increases. It is a figure which shows typically an example of the reaction process in the case of the rate analysis by a two-reagent method, and shows the reaction process in which a light absorbency decreases. It is a figure which extracts and shows the vicinity of a lag phase among the reaction processes shown in FIG.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing an overall configuration of an automatic analyzer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- an automatic analyzer 100 includes a sample disk 1 having a circular disk 17 in which a plurality of sample containers 16 for storing biological samples such as blood and urine (hereinafter referred to as samples) are stored, and for analyzing samples.
- a reagent disk 2 having a circular disk 19 in which a plurality of reagent containers 18 in which various reagents to be used are stored are stored, and having a cool box 20 that keeps the reagent containers 18 stored in the circular disk 19 warm (cooled);
- a reaction vessel holder 22 for holding a plurality of reaction vessels 21 for mixing samples and reagents, a reaction vessel 4 for adjusting the temperature of the reaction vessel 21 held by the reaction vessel holder 22, and a drive mechanism 23
- a probe 24 disposed at the tip of an arm 26 that can be rotated and driven up and down by a support shaft 25.
- the sample dispensing mechanism 5 that dispenses a sample from the sample container 16 to the reaction container 21 and the probe 27 disposed at the tip of an arm 29 that can be rotated and driven up and down by the support shaft 26 from the reagent container 18.
- the reagent dispensing mechanism 6 that dispenses the reagent into the reaction vessel 21 and the stirring mechanism controller 15 that controls the vibration of the fixing unit 31 via the piezoelectric element driver 14 are provided, and the mixed liquid in the reaction vessel 21 is stirred.
- a storage device (storage unit) 12 that stores the number of performances, the maximum possible number of analyzes, a calibration result, an analysis result, and the like; a control unit 13 that controls the operation of the entire automatic analysis device 100;
- a computer (PC) 10 having an input means for inputting a command and a display means for displaying various information is roughly provided.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram schematically showing a part of functions in the control unit 13.
- the control unit 13 includes an input / output unit 131, a calculation unit 132, and an abnormality determination unit 133, and exchanges data with each other via a data bus 134 that connects the units.
- the input / output unit 131 exchanges data with the photometric mechanism (measuring unit) 8, the computer (PC) 10, and the storage device 12.
- the input / output unit 131, the calculation unit 132, and the abnormality determination unit 133 of the control unit 13 may be configured by different hardware and CPU, but may be mounted as a software module in the same CPU.
- the analysis of the sample in the automatic analyzer of this embodiment configured as described above is performed in the order of data processing such as sampling, reagent dispensing, stirring, photometry, washing of the reaction container, concentration conversion, and the like as follows.
- the sample disk 1 is controlled by the control unit 13 via the computer (PC) 10.
- a plurality of sample containers 16 are arranged side by side on the circumference, and move to the bottom of the probe 24 according to the order of samples to be analyzed.
- a predetermined amount of the specimen in the sample container 16 is dispensed into the reaction container 21 by a sample pump (not shown) connected to the sample dispensing mechanism 5.
- the reaction vessel 21 into which the sample has been dispensed moves in the reaction tank 4 to the first reagent addition position (below the probe 27).
- a predetermined amount of reagent sucked from the reagent container 18 by a reagent pump (not shown) connected to the reagent dispensing mechanism 6 is added to the moved reaction container 21.
- the reaction vessel 21 after the addition of the first reagent moves to the position of the stirring mechanism 7 and the first stirring is performed.
- the steps of adding and stirring such a reagent are performed for the first to fourth reagents, for example.
- the reaction vessel 21 in which the contents (mixed liquid) is stirred passes through the light beam emitted from the light source, and the absorbance at this time is detected by the photometric mechanism (measurement unit) 8 of the multiwavelength photometer.
- the detected absorbance signal enters the control unit 13 and is converted into the concentration of the specimen. Further, the control unit 13 simultaneously performs an abnormality determination process (described later) based on the absorbance.
- the absorbance data before and after the concentration conversion is stored in the storage device 12 and displayed on a display device attached to the computer (PC) 10. After completion of photometry, the reaction vessel 21 is moved to the position of the cleaning mechanism 9 and cleaned, and used for the next analysis.
- Endpoint method mainly measures the concentration of components such as proteins and lipids contained in a sample. Since the substance produced by the reaction between the component in the sample and the reagent gradually approaches a certain amount with time, the measured value also gradually approaches a certain value with time.
- Rate method is mainly used to measure the activity of enzyme components contained in a sample, and its activity value is measured rather than the concentration of the enzyme itself.
- a certain amount of a substrate is added as a reagent, and an element that changes due to the enzyme consuming the substrate is measured.
- the enzyme reaction rate approaches the theoretical upper limit when the substrate concentration is somewhat high.
- Reagents for biochemical item measurement contain more than enough substrate, so if the reaction between the sample and the reagent is normal, the reaction is generally linear with a certain amount of measured value over time. Changes.
- FIG. 3 and 4 schematically show an example of a reaction process in the case of rate analysis by the two-reagent method.
- FIG. 3 shows a reaction process in which the absorbance increases
- FIG. 4 shows a reaction process in which the absorbance decreases.
- the horizontal axis indicates time
- the vertical axis indicates the absorbance of the mixed solution in the reaction vessel 21, and the absorbance data 103 obtained at regular intervals is plotted.
- the sample in the reaction vessel 21 and the first reagent are mixed, and then incubated at an appropriate temperature. During this time, side reactions that do not affect the measurement wavelength proceed.
- the second reagent is added and stirred to start the main reaction, and the absorbance at the measurement wavelength changes.
- the reaction process of such a rate method reflects the reaction state between the specimen and the reagent.
- the absorbance increases from the time t1 when the main reaction starts, but the rate of this reaction is not necessarily constant from the beginning, and is almost constant after the time t2 when the reaction reaches a steady state.
- the amount of change (increase) is constant. That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the change state after time t2 is shown in a straight line.
- the time t1 to t2 from the start of the main reaction (time t1) to the steady state (time t2) is referred to as a lag phase.
- the absorbance increases from the time t1 when the main reaction starts, but the rate of this reaction is not necessarily constant from the beginning, and is almost constant after the time t2 when the reaction reaches a steady state, and the amount of change (increase) in absorbance. Is constant.
- the change state after time t2 is shown in a straight line. Times t1 to t2 from the start of the main reaction (time t1) to the steady state (time t2) are referred to as a lag phase as a time lag from the start of the main reaction to the steady state.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the vicinity of the lag phase (time t1 to t2) extracted from the reaction process shown in FIG.
- the horizontal axis indicates time
- the vertical axis indicates the absorbance of the mixed liquid in the reaction vessel 21, and the absorbance data 103 obtained at regular intervals is plotted.
- the length of the lag phase (time t1 to t2) is T
- the approximate straight line for the reaction process data after the end of the lag phase (time t2) is the straight line 104
- the straight line indicating the time t1 (absorbance axis in FIG. 5) and straight line
- Q be the intersection with 104
- D the difference in absorbance at intersection t and time t1.
- T, D, Q, and P are referred to as a shape feature amount as an index indicating the shape feature of the reaction process data.
- shape feature amount T, the shape feature amount D, the shape feature amount Q, and the shape feature amount P It describes.
- Factors that influence the accuracy of measurement results include, for example, sampling mechanisms, reagent dispensing mechanisms, stirring mechanisms, optical systems, reaction vessels, and thermostats, as well as the composition and characteristics of reagents and specimens. Such as single or comprehensive, affects the measurement results.
- the reaction process data of rate analysis has a part that specifically represents the change of these multiple influencing factors.
- the lag phase differs depending on the measurement item, reagent composition, agitation status, reaction temperature, concentration of the substance to be measured in the sample, and the like.
- ⁇ GT ⁇ -glutamyltranspeptidase
- LD lactate dehydrogenase
- ALP alkaline phosphatase
- AST aspartate aminotransferase
- the lag phase is affected by various factors related to the reaction, but in the measurement under certain conditions, the factor can be specified.
- the characteristics of the reaction process data including the lag phase and the relationship between the factors affecting the characteristics will be described.
- Shape feature amount D Size of lag phase: Shape feature amount D
- Agitation has the effect of physically mixing the specimen and the reagent and promoting the reaction. Therefore, if stirring is appropriately performed, the reaction between the specimen and the reagent in the rate analysis reaches the optimum condition immediately after stirring, and the reaction rate becomes constant, so the lag phase is considered to be small.
- stirring is insufficient and the sample and reagent are not sufficiently mixed, a time lag occurs until the reaction speed reaches a constant optimum condition, and the rate at which the absorbance changes during that time is slow. It can be said that the lag phase becomes large.
- the reactivity between the sample and the reagent can be evaluated, and it is possible to detect whether or not the stirring has been properly performed. It becomes.
- the influence of the reagent is always constant.
- the temperature of the thermostat is monitored, the reaction temperature is less likely to vary from measurement to measurement.
- stirring is insufficient, that is, the mixed state of the mixture is inferred. can do.
- (2-2-2) Length of lag phase shape feature T
- the reaction state of the item can be evaluated by managing the time until the lag phase becomes a steady reaction.
- the length of the lag phase may be influenced by other factors such as the specimen, reagent, stirring, and reaction temperature, but it is generally used when measurements are performed in the same facility.
- the composition of the reagent is fixed, and the reaction temperature, which is one of the factors derived from the apparatus, does not change for each measurement.
- the influence of the reaction inhibitor contained in the sample affects the time T of the lag phase (the time required from the start of the main reaction to the steady state) T shown in FIG.
- T the time required from the start of the main reaction to the steady state
- the influence of the reaction inhibitor contained in the sample affects the time T of the lag phase (the time required from the start of the main reaction to the steady state) T shown in FIG.
- the intercept Q (shape feature Q) of the straight line 104 shown in FIG. 5 indicates the absorbance at the start of the reaction when the sample and the reagent are added.
- the absorbance value is not derived from the concentration of the substance to be measured generated by the reaction between the sample and the reagent, but largely reflects the absorption of the mixture of the first reagent and the second reagent. It represents the absorbance of the reagent that does not depend on the reaction for generating the target substance and the specimen itself. As shown in FIG.
- the rate method reagent that shows a reaction process in which the absorbance increases, the reagent with a large absorption of the first reagent degrades the reagent, thereby decomposing the dye component of the reagent and increasing the absorbance. It tends to be smaller.
- the rate method reagent showing a reaction process in which the absorbance decreases the absorption of the first reagent itself is low, but the absorbance tends to increase as the reagent deteriorates.
- the absorbance before the start of reaction does not depend on the concentration of the substance to be measured contained in the sample and is almost constant.
- the shape feature value Q of data obtained by measuring specimens or controls is monitored in time series, the shape feature value Q gradually decreases or rises in time series as the reagent progresses. To go. In other words, the quality of the reagent cannot be confirmed for each measurement in calibration or measurement of the control sample. However, the quality of the reagent can be confirmed by using this index, and the value of the shape feature amount Q can be confirmed.
- the reagent can be changed before the measurement result is affected, thus preventing abnormal measurement results. Can do.
- specimens with chyle, turbidity or hemolysis are LD, AST, K (potassium), Fe (serum iron), TP (total protein), TTT ( It affects the measurement results of items such as thymol turbidity test) and ZTT (zinc sulfate turbidity test).
- K (C2-C1) / (A2-B) (Formula 1) Using this K factor, the concentration is usually converted from the absorbance value at the designated measurement point of the measured sample.
- Reagent performance evaluation Reagents that use enzyme reactions contain more than enough substrates and enzymes so that they can handle even high concentrations of analytes in samples. It is. However, there is a limit to the measurable range of the reagent, and it is described in the reagent book. However, the linearity actually varies depending on the change of the reagent over time, the lot difference, and the like. In the rate analysis, if the reagent performance is within the measurable range, the concentration or activity value of the substance to be measured in the sample and the amount of change in absorbance per fixed time have a linear relationship.
- the concentration or activity value of the substance to be measured in the sample and the amount of change in absorbance per fixed time deviate from the linear relationship of the linear equation (no linearity) )That's what it means. That is, by monitoring the shape feature amount P, the reagent performance (that is, the concentration range that can be measured with the reagent), an abnormality that the measurement was performed outside the measurable range of the reagent, or Detection of abnormalities related to the measurable range of the reagent, such as the absence of linearity in the measurable range of the reagent's ability book (that is, the measurable range of the reagent's ability book differs from the actual measurable range) can do. Further, since the shape feature amount P corresponds to the amount of change in absorbance per fixed time, if the relationship between the measurement value of the measurement sample and the shape feature amount P is monitored, the accuracy of the sample of the measurement value can be evaluated. it can.
- shape feature amount calculation processing In order to quantitatively obtain the above-described shape feature amount (T, D, Q, P) in the reaction process data, the reaction process data is approximated by a function, and the shape feature amount is calculated using the generated approximate curve.
- the function used in the approximation process for approximating the reaction process data is a lag phase (curve part) that is a characteristic shape part of the reaction process of the rate method and a constant absorbance change.
- An expression that can accurately approximate the portion (straight line portion) where the reaction proceeds steadily with an amount is used.
- Functions used for generating the approximate curve in the present embodiment are shown in equations 2-5. In the following formulas including formulas 2 to 5, t represents time and y represents absorbance.
- a, b, c, d, e, k, p, q, r, u, v, and w are parameters.
- the shape characteristics of the lag phase are digitized.
- the magnitude of the change is quantified.
- the optimum approximate expression corresponding to the combination of the test item and the reagent is automatically determined and used from a plurality of approximate expressions representing the change in absorbance with time stored in the storage device 12.
- Equation 3 The case where approximation processing is performed using the above approximate expression (formula 3) will be described as an example, and further details will be described.
- the value of the parameter in the equation is calculated so that the time change of the absorbance represented by the generated approximate curve and the time change of the actual absorbance are minimized.
- the parameter value in the equation is determined so that the square error between the measured and stored absorbance data and the absorbance calculated by the approximate equation is as small as possible.
- An existing least square calculation method can be used to calculate the parameter value. As a method that can handle various types of mathematical expressions, for example, parameter values (a, b) that minimize the square error by the steepest descent method. , E, d).
- a large change in absorbance begins after the addition of a reagent (usually the final reagent) that causes a major change in absorbance.
- a reagent usually the final reagent
- only the data after the addition of the reagent that causes the main change in absorbance is used for parameter value calculation.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a case where an approximate curve 107 is generated using an approximate expression from reaction process data in a reaction process in which absorbance increases as in FIG. 5, where the horizontal axis indicates time and the vertical axis indicates absorbance. Each is shown.
- a straight line 105 is a tangent line of the approximate curve 107 at the main reaction start time (immediately after the start), and a straight line 106 (second straight line) is a straight line asymptotic to the approximate curve.
- the time Tl that is sufficiently asymptotic is defined as a time when a small value ⁇ is determined in advance and the difference f between the approximate curve 107 and the straight line 106 at the same time becomes ⁇ or less.
- ⁇ may be a constant value, or may be set according to the initial absorbance or the change width of the absorbance.
- ⁇ may be a value obtained by multiplying the initial absorbance by a constant or a value obtained by multiplying the difference between the initial absorbance and the final absorbance by a constant.
- a minute value ⁇ may be determined and defined as the time when the difference between the slopes of the approximate curve 107 and the straight line 106 is equal to or less than ⁇ .
- ⁇ may be a constant value or may be set according to the slope of the straight line 106.
- ⁇ may be a value obtained by multiplying the slope of the straight line 106 by a constant.
- Shape feature amount T Time indicated by the intersection of the straight line 105 and the straight line 106 (Tc), or the time required for the straight line 106 and the approximate curve 107 to be sufficiently asymptotic (Tl).
- Tc d (Expression 7)
- Tl ⁇ d + (
- Shape feature amount Q intersection of absorbance axis (vertical axis) and straight line 106 (intercept of straight line 106)
- Q b (Formula 9)
- the shape feature amount is calculated using the following Formulas 11-13.
- Shape feature amount T Time indicated by the intersection of the straight line 105 and the straight line 106 (Tc), or the time required for the straight line 106 and the approximate curve 107 to be sufficiently asymptotic (Tl).
- FIG. 7 shows an approximate curve from reaction progress data of a sample measured by changing the stirring conditions on the apparatus in the measurement by the automatic analyzer of ⁇ GT.
- the shape feature amount D calculated using the reaction progress data in the case of poor stirring is placed on the horizontal axis 1 to 40, and the shape feature amount D calculated using the reaction progress data in the case of good stirring is displayed on the horizontal axis. 41 to 80.
- the shape feature amount D in the case of poor stirring as in the data group 108 has a large absolute value, and the shape feature amount D in the case of good stirring as in the data group 109 is small. From this, the state of stirring can be evaluated from the value of the shape feature amount D.
- FIG. 8 shows the shape feature T (Tl) calculated using the calculation formula (Formula 13) for the LD measurement result on the vertical axis. It is the figure which represented the measured value (U / L) calculated from an apparatus on the horizontal axis, and plotted.
- the shape feature amount T indicates a value of 0 for most measurement results without depending on the magnitude of the measurement value. This means that the time of the lag phase is small.
- the data of several points shown in the data group 109 has a large absolute value of Tl, and since this data is not related to time series, it is determined that the reaction is a specific reaction derived from the specimen. be able to.
- FIG. 9 shows the shape feature quantity Q calculated using the calculation formula (formula 9) for the measurement item LD on the vertical axis and the time series on the horizontal axis. It is the figure plotted on the axis.
- the data group 111 only the value of the shape feature value Q in a certain time series is higher than the other data groups 112 and 113, which matches the sample measurement time and the reagent bottle replacement date. Thus, it can be detected that the value of the shape feature value Q is a difference in the bottle of the reagent.
- the data (group) 114 has a small shape feature value Q for only one measurement regardless of time series, which is considered to be caused by hemolysis of the specimen.
- FIG. 10 shows the shape feature amount P measured using a calculation formula (Equation 10) by measuring a general specimen, and the vertical axis represents the shape feature amount P from the apparatus. It is the figure which plotted the measured value (U / L) calculated on the horizontal axis. Although the data group 115 is on the straight line 117, it can be seen that the data line 115 deviates from the straight line 117 when the measured value (U / L) exceeds 900 (U / L).
- the measurable range of the reagent used at the time of measurement is up to about the measured value indicated by the straight line 118 (measured value 900 U / L in this example), and a group of data showing larger measured values. It can be seen that the two measurements at 116 require a weight loss retest.
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing the processing content of the abnormality determination processing according to the present embodiment
- FIG. 12 is a tree diagram showing the processing content of the abnormality factor determination processing in the abnormality determination processing.
- the control unit 13 first selects an optimal approximate expression from one or more approximate expressions stored in the storage device 12 based on the combination of the test item and the reagent (step S10). .
- the input / output unit 131 inputs absorbance data of one or more measurements measured among a plurality of absorbances measured over time from the photometric mechanism (measurement unit) 8 to the control unit 13. Then, the inputted absorbance data is stored in the storage device 12 (step S30). Then, it is determined whether or not the absorbance data required for the subsequent processing has been stored (step S40).
- step S40 the calculation unit 132 approximates the time change of the absorbance represented by the approximate expression selected in step S10 and the time change of the actual absorbance as small as possible. Calculation of parameters in the equation is performed (approximation process) (step S50). Subsequently, the calculation unit 132 calculates the shape feature amount (T, D, Q, P) indicating the feature of the absorbance change pattern of the portion where the absorbance at the initial reaction of the main reaction changes in a curve (step S60), The calculated shape feature values are classified by type and stored in the storage device 12 (step S70).
- step S80 it is determined whether or not the calculated shape feature amount exceeds a determination value (for example, a range determined by the upper and lower limit values) stored in advance in the storage device 12 (step S80). If the determination result is YES, the shape feature is determined.
- An abnormality factor determination process (described later) for determining an abnormality factor from the amount type and pattern is performed (step S90), and the determination result is output from the abnormality determination unit 133 to the computer (PC) 10 (step S100). Moreover, a process is complete
- control unit 13 first determines what kind of index (shape feature amount) exceeds the determination value (step S901).
- step S901 when the index exceeding the determination value is the shape feature amount D or T, it is determined whether the measurement data continuously exceeds the determination value (step S902). If the determination result is YES, it is determined whether another item has occurred (step S906) and the data alarm for the stirring function has been issued (step S910). If both determination results are YES, stirring is performed. It is determined that the function is abnormal (step S912), and the process ends. Moreover, when the determination result in step S910 is NO, it is determined that the stirring parameter setting is defective (step S914), and the process is terminated. If the determination result in step S906 is NO, it is determined whether the lot of the reagent has been changed (step S911).
- step S914 If the determination result is NO, it is determined that the stirring parameter setting is defective (step S914), and the determination result is determined. Is YES, it is determined that the determination value is changed by changing the lot (step S913), and the process is terminated. If the determination result in step 902 is NO, it is determined whether the value is larger than the previous value (step S907). If the determination result is YES, it is determined that stirring is insufficient (step S907). S915) If the determination result is NO, it is determined that the sample is specific (step S916), and the process is terminated.
- step S901 if the index exceeding the determination value is the shape feature amount Q, it is determined whether the reagent bottle has been replaced (step S903). If the determination result is YES, the determination value is changed by changing the lot. (Step S913), and the process ends. If the determination result in step S903 is NO, it is determined whether or not the measurement has occurred continuously before and after the measurement (step S908). If the determination result is NO, it is determined that the sample is turbid or hemolyzed. If the determination result is YES, it is determined that the reagent is deteriorated (step S918), and the process is terminated.
- step S901 when the index that exceeds the determination value is the shape feature amount Q, it is determined whether the sample is measured to increase or decrease (step S904). If the determination result is YES, it is normal. Determination is made (step S905), and the process is terminated. Further, if the determination result in step S904 is NO, it is determined whether or not it is within the technical limit range (step S909). If the determination result is YES, it is determined that the reagent is deteriorated (step S918). If the determination result is NO, it is determined that the reagent is out of the performance range (step S919), and the process is terminated.
- the analysis of the sample in the automatic analyzer of this embodiment configured as described above is performed in the order of data processing such as sampling, reagent dispensing, stirring, photometry, washing of the reaction container, concentration conversion, and the like as follows.
- the sample disk 1 is controlled by the control unit 13 via the computer (PC) 10 and arranged on the sample disk 1 along the circumference.
- the plurality of sample containers 16 are moved under the probe 24 according to the order of samples to be analyzed.
- the specimen in the sample container 16 is dispensed into the reaction container 21 by a sample pump (not shown) connected to the sample dispensing mechanism 5, and the reaction container 21 into which the sample has been dispensed is reacted.
- the tank 4 is moved to the first reagent addition position (below the probe 27).
- a predetermined amount of reagent sucked from the reagent container 18 by a reagent pump (not shown) connected to the reagent dispensing mechanism 6 is added to the moved reaction container 21.
- the reaction vessel 21 after the addition of the first reagent moves to the position of the stirring mechanism 7 and the first stirring is performed.
- the reaction vessel 21 in which all necessary reagents have been added and the contents (mixture) have been stirred passes through the light beam emitted from the light source, and the absorbance at this time is the photometric mechanism (measuring unit) 8 of the multiwavelength photometer. Is detected.
- the detected absorbance signal enters the control unit 13 and is converted into the concentration of the specimen.
- the controller 13 simultaneously performs an abnormality determination process based on the absorbance.
- the absorbance data before and after the concentration conversion is stored in the storage device 12 and displayed on a display device attached to the computer (PC) 10.
- the absorbance data determined to be abnormal by the abnormality determination process is displayed on the display device of the computer (PC) 10 together with the determination result of the abnormality factor.
- the operator Based on the determination result, the operator performs appropriate processing such as adjustment of the abnormality factor and re-examination.
- the reaction container 21 is moved to the position of the cleaning mechanism 9 and cleaned, and used for the next analysis.
- an approximate curve is generated from the measurement point data, a shape feature amount is calculated from the approximate curve, and abnormality determination is performed using the shape feature amount. Abnormalities can be sufficiently detected from the individual measurement results, and the cause of the abnormality can be specified.
- reaction abnormalities can be detected from changes in the reaction rate when the reagent deteriorates or when it is diluted with wash water in the reagent probe. Therefore, it is possible to detect reagent deterioration due to human error in daily inspection, and to prevent erroneous data output from being overlooked.
- the computer (PC) 10 may be configured to perform abnormality determination processing by providing functions such as an input / output unit, a calculation unit, and an abnormality determination unit in software.
- functions such as an input / output unit for reaction process data, a calculation unit, and an abnormality determination unit are provided in software in an external computer (PC) 101 that exists independently of the automatic analyzer. You may comprise so that abnormality determination processing may be performed. That is, the data obtained from the automatic analyzer can be calculated by an information processing apparatus that exists independently of the automatic analyzer. In this case, the information processing apparatus selects a storage unit that stores one or more approximate expressions for generating an approximate curve from measurement point data, and selects at least one approximate expression from a plurality of measurement point data.
- a data processing unit includes a calculation unit that generates an approximate curve and calculates a shape feature amount from the approximate curve, and an abnormality determination unit that performs an abnormality determination using the shape feature amount.
- a plurality of measurement point data in the reaction process of the mixed solution is output from the automatic analyzer.
- the measurement point data (reaction process data) output from the automatic analyzer in this case may be sent by connecting the automatic analyzer and an external computer via a LAN or the like, or may be a CD-R or DVD-RAM.
- the data may be stored in the external output medium 102, sent to an external computer (information processing apparatus) via them, and analyzed.
- the details of the information processing are the same as the information processing function in the above-described automatic analyzer, and a description thereof will be omitted.
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Abstract
Description
図1は、本発明の一実施の形態に係る自動分析装置の全体構成を概略的に示す図である。
試料と試薬との反応中、吸光度が複数回計測され、時系列データとして記録される。この時系列データは反応過程データとも呼ばれる。日常検査におけるデータの確認は反応過程データで行なわれている。その方法は分析法によって異なる。臨床検査の測定法は、分析法によってエンドポイント法とレート法の2種類に大別できる。なお、本実施の形態においては、レート法を用いて測定を行った場合を示しており、エンドポイント法については詳述を省略する。
エンドポイント法は、主に試料に含まれる蛋白質、脂質などの成分の濃度を測定する。試料中の成分と試薬が反応して生成される物質は時間と共に一定量に漸近するため、計測値も時間と共に一定値に漸近する。
レート法は主に、試料に含まれる酵素成分の活性を測定するときに使用され、酵素自体の濃度では無くその活性値が測定される。測定方法は、試薬として一定量の基質を添加して、酵素が基質を消費して変化する要素を測定する。酵素反応速度は基質濃度がある程度高いと、理論的上限値に漸近する。生化学項目測定の試薬には十二分の基質が含まれているため、試料と試薬の反応が正常に行なわれていれば、一般に反応は時間変化に対して、計測値が一定量ずつ直線的に変化する。
形状特長量Dに影響を与える要因としては、攪拌の状態が挙げられる。
攪拌は検体と試薬を物理的に混合して、その反応を促進させる作用がある。したがって、攪拌が適切に行なわれれば、レート分析における検体と試薬の反応は、攪拌直後から最適条件に到達し、その反応速度は一定になるため,ラグフェーズは小さくなると考えられる。一方、攪拌が不十分で、検体と試薬の混合が十分に行なわれなかった場合には反応速度が一定な最適条件に到達するまでにタイムラグが発生するため、その間の吸光度が変化する速度は遅くなり、ラグフェーズは大きくなると言える。つまり、前出の図5で示したラグフェーズの大きさDを指標とすることで、試料と試薬の反応性を評価することができ、攪拌が適切に行なわれたかどうかを検知することが可能となる。ある一つの項目について測定する場合、試薬のロットが同じで、かつ試薬の使用時期が同じ場合には、試薬の影響は常に一定であると想定できる。また、反応温度は、恒温槽の温度をモニタリングしておけば測定ごとにばらつきが起こる可能性が低い。測定対象物質の濃度とラグフェーズの大きさの間に一定の関係性があり、その関係性から外れた測定については攪拌が不十分である、すなわち、混合液の混合状態が異常であると推察することができる。
形状特徴量Tに影響を与える要因としては、検体差が挙げられる。
ラグフェーズは検体と試薬との反応に起因しているため、ラグフェーズが定常反応になるまでの時間を管理することによってその項目の反応状態を評価することが可能となる。ラグフェーズの長さは、その他にも検体と試薬や攪拌、反応温度といった総合的な因子に影響されるとも考えられるが、同一施設内で測定が行なわれる場合には、一般的に利用される試薬の組成は固定であり、装置由来の因子の1つである反応温度も1つの測定ごとに変わるものではない。したがって、特に検体中に含まれる反応阻害物質などの影響によって、前出の図5で示したラグフェーズの時間(主反応開始から定常状態になるまでにかかる時間)Tに影響があるため、ラグフェーズの時間Tをモニタリングすることにより検体の性質の差を検知することができ、反応阻害物質など測定対象以外の物質影響による異常を検知することができる。
形状特徴量Qに影響を与える要因としては、試薬に関する要因(劣化・安定性)と検体に関する要因(乳び・混濁・溶血)が挙げられる。
図5で示した直線104の切片Q(形状特徴量Q)は検体と試薬が添加された反応開始時点での吸光度を示しているが、この吸光度の値は、検体と試薬の反応によって生成された測定対象物質の濃度に由来するものではなく、大部分は第1試薬と第2試薬が混合したものの吸収を反映しており、測定対象物質を生成する反応に依存しない試薬と検体自身が持つ吸光度を表している。図3に示したように吸光度が増加するような反応過程を示すレート法の試薬では、第一試薬の吸収が大きいものが、試薬が劣化することにより、試薬の色素成分が分解されて吸光度が小さくなる傾向にある。一方、図4に示したように吸光度が減少するような反応過程を示すレート法の試薬では、第一試薬自体の吸収は低いが、試薬の劣化が進むと、吸光度が高くなる傾向にある。反応開始前の吸光度は、検体中に含まれる測定対象物質の濃度に依存せず、ほぼ一定となる。したがって、検体やコントロールなどを測定したデータの形状特徴量Qの値を時系列でモニタリングしていくと、試薬の劣化が進むのに従って形状特徴量Qの値が時系列に徐々に低下あるいは上昇していく。つまり、キャリブレーションやコントロール検体の測定では測定ごとに試薬の品質の確認を行なうことができないが、この指標を用いることで、試薬の品質の確認の確認ができ、また、形状特徴量Qの値に対して閾値を設定し、閾値との比較結果に基づいて試薬の変更を行うことで、測定結果に影響がでる前に試薬の変更を行なうことができ、測定結果の異常を未然に防ぐことができる。
形状特徴量Qの値を時系列でモニタリングしたとき、試薬のロットやボトルの変更などに関係なく、不連続に値が変化した場合には、検体そのもの吸光度の影響であると考えられる。検体は通常血清を用いることが多いが、検体は血清分離剤の入った採血管に採取した末梢血を遠心分離にかけて、その上層から血清を得る。検体によっては採血中や分離処理時に溶血してしまうものや、乳び・混濁した血清がある。そのような検体は測定波長によっては吸光度に影響することがあり、乳び・混濁や溶血のある検体はLDやAST、K(カリウム)、Fe(血清鉄)、TP(総蛋白)、TTT(チモール混濁試験)、ZTT(硫酸亜鉛混濁試験)などの項目の測定結果に影響を及ぼす。Qの値をモニタリングすることで検体の乳び・混濁・溶血を検出することができる。
形状特徴量Pに影響を与える要因としては、測定対象物に関する要因(濃度・活性値)と試薬に関する要因(性能)が挙げられる。
レート法における濃度計算方法の1つとして、2濃度の標準液で測定した測定値から、C2(第二標準液の濃度)、C1(第一標準液の濃度)、A2(第二標準液の吸光度)、B(ブランクの標準液の吸光度)とした場合、以下の式1からKファクター(換算係数)を算出する。
このKファクターを利用して、通常は測定した試料の指定した測定ポイントの吸光度の値から濃度を換算する。各試料で得られるレート法の反応過程は一定の時間内では直線的に変化する。図5で示したこの一次式(y=Px+Q)で表されるこの直線104の傾きPは、一定時間あたりの吸光度変化量であるため、この形状特徴量Pを用いて、測定対象物質の濃度または活性値を算出することができる。
酵素反応を利用した試薬の中には検体中の測定対象物質が高濃度であっても、対応できるように基質や酵素が十二分に含まれている。しかしながら試薬の測定可能範囲にも限度があり、試薬の能書などに記載されているが、実際には試薬の経時変化やロット差などによってその直線性は変動する。レート分析において試薬の性能として測定可能範囲内であれば検体中の測定対象物質の濃度や活性値と一定時間あたりの吸光度変化量は一次式の比例関係がある。逆に言えば、試薬の性能としての測定可能範囲外であれば、検体中の測定対象物質の濃度や活性値と一定時間あたりの吸光度変化量は一次式の比例関係から外れる(直線性がなくなる)ということである。つまり、形状特徴量Pをモニタリングすることにより、試薬の性能(つまり、その試薬で測定することができる濃度の範囲)、その試薬の測定可能範囲外で測定が行われたという異常、或いは、その試薬の能書上の測定可能範囲において直線性が無いこと(つまり、試薬の能書上の測定可能範囲と実際の測定可能範囲とが異なること)などの、試薬の測定可能範囲に関する異常を検知することができる。また、形状特徴量Pは一定時間あたりの吸光度変化量に相当することから、測定検体の測定値と形状特徴量Pの関係をモニタリングすれば、その測定値の検体の正確性を評価することができる。
反応過程データにおける前述の形状特徴量(T,D,Q,P)を定量的に得るために、反応過程データを関数によって近似し、生成した近似曲線を用いて形状特徴量を算出する。
本実施の形態において、反応過程データを近似する(近似曲線を生成する)近似処理において用いる関数は、レート法の反応過程の特徴的な形状部位であるラグフェーズ(曲線部分)と一定の吸光度変化量で定常的に反応が進む部分(直線部分)とを精度よく近似することができる式を利用する。本実施の形態において近似曲線生成に用いる関数を式2~5に示す。式2~5を含む以降の式において、tは時間、yは吸光度を表す。また、a,b,c,d,e,k,p,q,r,u,v,wはパラメータである。
y=a×t+b+e/(t+d) ・・・(式3)
y=a×t+b+e/(exp(u×t)+v) ・・・(式4)
y=a×t+b+p×log(1+q×exp(r×t)) ・・・(式5)
これらの式から最も精度よく近似できる関数を選択し、レート分析の反応過程データを近似すると,各パラメータ(a,b,c,d,e,k,p,q,r,u,v,w)の数値が求められる。これらパラメータを利用して、ラグフェーズの形状特徴を数値化する。このように、測定ごとに得られる反応過程の形状変化を精度良く反映することができる近似式をあてはめることによって、その変化の大きさを数値化する。この数値化したパラメータの値を管理することによって各反応の特徴を捉えることができ、特に、測定結果の精度に影響する異常な反応を検出できる。本実施の形態においては、記憶装置12に記憶されえいる吸光度の時間変化を表す複数の近似式の中から、検査項目と試薬の組合せに対応した最適な近似式を自動で判別して用いる。
反応過程データから近似処理により生成した近似曲線から、形状特徴量形状特徴量(T,D,Q,P)を算出する工程を図6を参照しつつ説明する。図6は、図5と同様に吸光度が増加する反応過程における反応過程データから、近似式を用いて近似曲線107を生成した場合を示す図であり、横軸は時間を、縦軸は吸光度をそれぞれ示している。
このような反応過程データの近似曲線に対して、形状特徴量は以下の式6~10を用いて算出する。
・形状特徴量D:吸光度軸(縦軸)と直線106の交点、及び、吸光度軸(縦軸)と直線105の交点によって表される吸光度の差
D=e/d ・・・(式6)
・形状特徴量T:直線105と直線106の交点が示す時間(Tcとする)、又は、直線106と近似曲線107が十分に漸近する時間(Tlとする)
Tc=d ・・・(式7)
Tl=-d+(|e|/ε) ・・・(式8)
・形状特徴量Q:吸光度軸(縦軸)と直線106の交点(直線106の切片)
Q=b ・・・(式9)
・形状特徴量P:直線106の傾き
P=a ・・・(式10)
(3-2.2)近似式(式4)による近似曲線
近似式(式4)を用いて生成した近似曲線を用いた場合、形状特徴量は以下の式11~13を用いて算出する。
・形状特徴量D:吸光度軸(縦軸)と直線106の交点、及び、吸光度軸(縦軸)と直線105の交点によって表される吸光度の差
D=w/(1+v) ・・・(式11)
・形状特徴量T:直線105と直線106の交点が示す時間(Tcとする)、又は、直線106と近似曲線107が十分に漸近する時間(Tlとする)
Tc=(1+v)/u ・・・(式12)
Tl=1/u×log(-v+|w|/ε) ・・・(式13)
・形状特徴量Q:吸光度軸(縦軸)と直線106の交点(直線106の切片)
Q=b ・・・(式9)
・形状特徴量P:直線106の傾き
P=a ・・・(式10)
(3-3)形状特徴量によるデータ評価
ここで、測定条件(測定結果の正確性を左右する影響因子)を変化させた場合の反応過程データから算出した形状特徴量(D,T,Q,P)を用いて、形状特徴量による測定データ(測定結果)評価について考察する。
図7は、γGTの自動分析装置による測定において装置上の攪拌の条件を変えて測定した検体についての反応経過データから近似曲線を生成し、計算式(式6)を用いて算出した形状特徴量Dを縦軸に、各反応経過データを横軸に表してプロットした図である。攪拌不良をおこした場合の反応経過データを用いて算出した形状特徴量Dを横軸の1~40に配置し、攪拌良好の場合の反応経過データを用いて算出した形状特徴量Dを横軸の41~80に配置している。データ群108のように攪拌不良の場合の形状特徴量Dは絶対値が大きく、データ群109のように攪拌良好な場合の形状特徴量Dの絶対値は小さいことかわかる。このことから形状特徴量Dの値から攪拌の状態を評価することができる。
図8は、LDの測定結果について計算式(式13)を用いて算出した形状特徴量T(Tl)を縦軸に、装置から算出される測定値(U/L)を横軸に表してプロットした図である。データ群110のように、LDに関しては、測定値の大きさに依存せず、ほとんどの測定結果について形状特徴量Tは、0の値を示している。これはつまりラグフェーズの時間が小さいということを示している。しかしながら、データ群109に示す数点のデータは、Tlの絶対値が大きくなっており、このデータは時系列には関係していないことからも、検体由来の特異的な反応であると判断することができる。
図9は、測定項目LDについて計算式(式9)を用いて算出した形状特徴量Qを縦軸に、時系列を横軸に表してプロットした図である。データ群111のように、ある時系列での形状特徴量Qの値のみ、他のデータ群112,113よりも高くなっており、これは、検体の測定時間と試薬ボトルの交換日と一致しており、形状特徴量Qの値が試薬のボトル差であることを検出することができる。また、データ(群)114は、時系列に関係なく1測定のみ形状特徴量Qの値が小さくなっており、これは検体の溶血が原因であると考えられる。
図10は、一般検体を測定して計算式(式10)を用いて算出した形状特徴量Pを縦軸に、装置から算出される測定値(U/L)を横軸表してプロットした図である。データ群115は、直線117上にのっているが、測定値(U/L)が900(U/L)を超えたあたりから、直線117を外れていくことがわかる。このデータから、この測定時に利用した試薬の測定可能範囲は直線118で示される測定値(本例では測定値900U/L)程度までであることがわかり、それより大きな測定値を示したデータ群116の2点の測定は、減量再検をする必要があるとことがわかる。
本実施の形態における制御部13で実施される異常判定処理の処理内容について図面を参照しつつ説明する。図11は、本実施の形態に係る異常判定処理の処理内容を示すフローチャートであり、図12は異常判定処理における異常要因判定処理の処理内容を示すツリー図である。
2 試薬ディスク
3 反応ディスク
4 反応槽
5 試料分注機構
6 試薬分注機構
7 攪拌機構
8 測光機構(測定部)
9 洗浄機構
10 表示部コンピュータ(PC)
11 入力部
12 記憶部
13 制御部
14 圧電素子ドライバ
15 攪拌機構コントローラ
16 試料容器
17,19 円形ディスク
18 試薬ボトル
20 保冷庫
21 反応容器
22 反応容器ホルダ
23 駆動機構
24,27 プローブ
25 支承軸
26,29 アーム
28 支承軸
31 固定部
33 ノズル
34 上下駆動機構
51 入出力部
52 計算部
53 異常判定部
54 記憶装置
55 データバス
100 自動分析装置
101 外部パソコン(情報処理装置)
102 外部出力メディア
Claims (8)
- 測定対象の試料を収容した試料容器と、
前記試料と反応させる試薬を収容した試薬容器と、
前記試料と試薬とを混合して反応させる反応容器と、
前記試料容器の試料を前記反応容器に分注する試料分注機構と、
前記試薬容器の試薬を前記反応容器に分注する試薬分注機構と、
前記反応容器に収容された試料と試薬の混合液を攪拌する攪拌機構と、
前記混合液の反応過程における複数の測定点データを取得する測定部と、
前記測定点データから近似曲線を生成するための1つ以上の近似式を格納した記憶部と、
少なくとも1つの近似式を選択して前記複数の測定点データから近似曲線を生成し、その近似曲線から形状特徴量を算出する計算部と、該形状特徴量を用いて異常判定を行う異常判定部とを設けたデータ処理部と
を備えたことを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項1記載の自動分析装置において、
前記複数の測定点データを近似した近似曲線における、反応開始直後の前記近似曲線の接線を第1直線、前記近似曲線に漸近する直線を第2直線とし、
前記第1直線と第2直線が交差する時刻を前記近似曲線の形状特徴量T、
反応開始時における前記第1直線、及び第2直線のそれぞれの値の差を前記近似曲線の形状特徴量D、
反応開始時における前記第1直線の値を前記近似曲線の形状特徴量Q
前記第2の直線の傾きを前記近似曲線の形状特徴量P
としたとき、
前記データ処理部は、前記形状特徴量T、形状特徴量D、形状特徴量Q、形状特徴量Pのうちの少なくとも1つを形状特徴量として生成し、その形状特徴量を用いて異常判定を行うことを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項2記載の自動分析装置において、
前記データ処理部は、前記形状特徴量Tを形状特徴量として生成し、
前記異常判定部は、前記形状特徴量Tに基づいて、前記試料中に含まれる測定対象以外の物質の影響による異常を検出する異常判定を行うことを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項2記載の自動分析装置において、
前記データ処理部は、形状特徴量Dを形状特徴量として生成し、
前記異常判定部は、前記形状特徴量Dに基づいて、前記試料と試薬の混合液の混合状態の異常を検出する異常判定を行うことを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項2記載の自動分析装置において、
前記データ処理部は、形状特徴量Qを形状特徴量として生成し、
前記異常判定部は、前記形状特徴量Qに基づいて、試薬の品質の異常、検体の濁りによる異常、溶血による異常のうちの少なくとも何れか1つを検出する異常判定を行うことを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 請求項2記載の自動分析装置において、
前記データ処理部は、形状特徴量Pを形状特徴量として生成し、
前記異常判定部は、前記形状特徴量Pに基づいて、試薬の測定可能範囲に関する異常を検出する異常判定を行うことを特徴とする自動分析装置。 - 測定対象の試料と、該試料と反応させる試薬との混合液の反応過程における複数の測定点データを取得する工程と、
前記測定点データから近似曲線を生成するための1つ以上の近似式を格納した記憶部から、少なくとも1つの近似式を選択して前記複数の測定点データから近似曲線を生成し、その近似曲線から形状特徴量を算出する工程と、
前記形状特徴量を用いて異常判定を行う工程と
を設けたことを特徴とする分析方法。 - 反応容器に収容された試料と試薬の混合液の反応過程における複数の測定点データを処理する情報処理装置であって、
前記測定点データから近似曲線を生成するための1つ以上の近似式を格納した記憶部と、
少なくとも1つの近似式を選択して前記複数の測定点データから近似曲線を生成し、その近似曲線から形状特徴量を算出する計算部と、
該形状特徴量を用いて異常判定を行う異常判定部とを設けたデータ処理部と、
を備えたことを特徴とする情報処理装置。
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| JP5562421B2 (ja) | 2014-07-30 |
| EP2594944A1 (en) | 2013-05-22 |
| JPWO2012008324A1 (ja) | 2013-09-09 |
| CN102985829A (zh) | 2013-03-20 |
| US20130122596A1 (en) | 2013-05-16 |
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